Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
  • B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
  • B65D55/06—Deformable or tearable wires, strings or strips; Use of seals
  • B65D55/08—Annular elements encircling container necks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
  • B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
  • B65D55/06—Deformable or tearable wires, strings or strips; Use of seals
  • B65D55/08—Annular elements encircling container necks
  • B65D55/0818—Destructible or permanently removable bands, e.g. adhesive
  • B65D55/0836—Metallic strips, e.g. soldered on container and lid
  • B65D55/0845—Metallic strips or cap-like collars having their edges crimped over part of the container and closure or other element, e.g. with C-shaped cross-section
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
  • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
  • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
  • E21B7/062—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft rotating inside a non-rotating guide travelling with the shaft

Definitions

• the invention is based upon the discovery that in order to obtain slips which are stable when stored, the quantity of clouding agent required for the clouding must be completely adsorbed by the clay or enamel slip and must remain ad-
• An enamel ing means that means to say clouding means which isnot bound to, or adsorbed by, any constituent of the enamel slip
• no matter whether it be present from the outset or whether it becomes free (that is goes into solution) during storage is namely not stable, and becomes worse, yielding, when employed in the clouding, retrogressions which are greater the longer the slip is stored or left at rest.
• a slip which is capable of being stored or left at rest is obtained by obviating the formation of free clouding means during the storage or resting.
• the enamel slips are however the more capable of bearing storage or keeping,
• This invention therefore gives the rule, for the manufacture of permanent or durable slips, that for a given adsorption medium (clay or the like) those clouding agents are to be employed in which the quantity that is required for an optimum clouding is as far as possible below that quantity which can still be completely adsorbed in the slip, and is at most as great as the quantity which remains in an adsorbed condition in the slip during storage.
• the ratio of the completely adsorbable quantity of clouding agent to the quantity requisite for clouding must be at least approximately one to one, and the slip will be the more durable in storage the smaller the quantity of clouding agent that is required for clouding in proportion to the quantity of cloudingagent that can be adsorbed by the slip, and therefore the greater the. ratio of the quantity still completely adsorbable, by the enamel slip to the quantity required for the clouding.
• This invention presents ameans of manufacturing durable slips for gas cloudings. If it is found in the case. of a slip that it contains free clouding media, thisiis a sign that the slip is not durable when stored. In order toobtain 1 i I a slip that will bear storage the clouding agent must therefore be varied in such: a way that the ratio hereinbefore set forth isfulfilled. This ratio can be improved for a given clouding agent by increasing the quantity or adsorption me- "15' dium for example, that is, by increasing, the addi tion of clay. V
• a further feature of the invention is. based upon the discovery that highly polymerized hydrocarbons, particularly those of high molecular weight, or substitution products thereof, such as resins, pitches, tars, asphalts and's'o' forth, present special advantages as gas clouding agents; for thesesubstances can be completely adsorbed and retained by clay or by the enamel slip, and owing to the fact that these substanceshave a comparatively high decomposition temperature,
• the highly polymerized hydrocarbons also have the advantage that they are uncoloured or atv least can only occasion slight coloration of the slip, as a result of which-the thickness of the 40 layer can be accurately observed and the application thereof is facilitated.
• organic dyestufi's for instance, are suitable.
• methylene blue is employed as a clouding agent
• an addition of 0.3 gram of methylene blue, to 1000 grams of enamel, and 80 grams of clay yields a durable slip, giving ample cloud- For a useful clouding with malachite green from 0.25 to 0.3 gram of malachite green is necessary to 1000 grams of enamel material and 80 grams of clay.
• Such a slip is durable when stored.
• Grams Enamel preferably a colloidal enamel 1000 Clay Gas tar (dried) 0.5 Saltpeter 0.4
• the saltpeter may alternatively be omitted.
• Grams 1 In a method of producing a metallic article having thereon a coating of clouded vitreous enamel having an opacity substantially greater than that which could be produced with the frit used and clay alone, and in which a substantial part of the increased opacity is contributed by gas bubbles retained in the enamel, incorporating in the enamel slip containing clay a gas-evolving agent which, upon the firing of the enamel, evolves gases which are retained in the enamel at the firing temperature thereof in the form of bubbles of such sizes and number as to contribute a substantial increase to the opacity, said gas-evolving agent being selected from the group consisting of highly polymerized hydrocarbons, substitution products thereof, dispersions of such highly polymerized hydrocarbons and substitution products thereof, resins, pitches, tars and asphalts.
• the method of producing a metal article having thereon a coating of clouded vitreous enamel having an opacity substantially greater than that which could be produced with the frit used and clay alone, andin which a substantial part of the increased opacity is contributed by gas bubbles retained in the enamel which comprises applying to the article a slip comprising an enamel frit, clay and a gas-evolving agent which, upon the firing of the enamel, evolves gases which are retained in the enamel at thev firing temperature thereof in the form of bubbles of such sizes and number as to contribute a substantial increase to the opacity, said gas-evolving agent being selected from the group con-' sisting of highly polymerized hydrocarbons, substitution products thereof, dispersions of such highly polymerized hydrocarbons and substitution products thereof, resins, pitches, tars and asphalts, and firing the slip on the article.
• An enamel slip for clouded enamels for metalware to produce thereon a coating of clouded vitreous enamel having an opacity substantially greater than that which could be produced with the frit used and clay alone, and in which a substantial part of the increased opacity is contributed by gas bubbles retained in the enamel, comprising a ground mixture of enamel .frit, clay, water and a gas-evolving agent which, upon the firing of the enamel, evolves gases which are retained in the enamel at the firing temperature thereof in the form of bubbles of .such sizes and number as to contribute a substantial increase to the opacity, said gas-evolving agent being selected from the group consisting of highly polymerized hydrocarbons, substitution products thereof, dispersions of such highly polymerized hydrocarbons and substitution products thereof, resins, pitches, tars and asphalts.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=32031281

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (1)

• 1933
  • 1933-04-04 DE DEK129715D patent/DE613587C/de not_active Expired
  • 1933-04-04 DE DEK134214D patent/DE638259C/de not_active Expired
  • 1933-04-07 GB GB10498/33A patent/GB396007A/en not_active Expired
  • 1933-04-08 US US665193A patent/US2103228A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1933-04-08 BE BE395551D patent/BE395551A/xx unknown
  • 1933-04-19 FR FR754524D patent/FR754524A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1933-10-25 NL NL67141A patent/NL38734C/xx active
  • 1933-11-07 US US697068A patent/US2103229A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1937
  • 1937-11-08 FR FR828872D patent/FR828872A/fr not_active Expired

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