US2103227A - Gaseous electric discharge lamp device - Google Patents
Gaseous electric discharge lamp device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2103227A US2103227A US159428A US15942837A US2103227A US 2103227 A US2103227 A US 2103227A US 159428 A US159428 A US 159428A US 15942837 A US15942837 A US 15942837A US 2103227 A US2103227 A US 2103227A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- container
- metal
- electric discharge
- wall
- discharge lamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 23
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005356 container glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
- H01J61/35—Vessels; Containers provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to gaseous-electric discharge lamp devices generally and more particularly the invention relates to such devices the gaseous atmosphere of which consists of or ,5. comprises a metalvapor.
- the container glasses, used for incandescent lamps and electric discharge lamps containing only a fixed gas are not" suitable for use in con-' nection with a discharge lamp containing a chemically active metal For this reason these discharge devices are made of special glasses, or the inside .of the glass wall as possible to the metal vapors.
- the composition of this glass or coating naturally depends on the I particular metal vapor used.
- the wall material is more resistant to the metal vapor than to the solid or liquid metal from which the vapor is developed. This is particularly true in the case of a magnesium or thallium vapor discharge device.
- the wall can be made resistant to themetal vapor, but the useful life thereof is shortened by the attack on the wall during operation by the surplus'metal in the tube,which is not vaporized, whereby theiwall soon loses its mechanical properties and the tube breaks after a short period of operation.
- the object of the present invention is to prevent the unvaporized portion of the metal from attacking the container of gaseous electric discharge lamp devices of the above type. Still further objects and advantages attaching to the device and to its use and parent to those skilled in the art from the following particular description.
- the invention attains its object by providing a condensing surface on the container which surface consists of a material resistant to the eflects of said metal in the solid, and which is interposed between the unvaporized metal and the wall of the container.
- This structure prevents the attack of the unvaporized metal on the container glassand the gaseous electric discharge lamp device has a long, useful operating life.
- the condensing surface must be at a lower 50 temperature than the other. parts of the' container during the operation of the device and various means are useful for maintaining the pro tive layer at the necessary temperature' For example, the heat losses from that part of- .55 the container wall covered by the protective layer in relation to the heat losses from the remaining part of said wall are increased.
- the part covered by the protective layer is made rough or black on the outside to increase so the heat radiation locally.
- the container can v layerextends in the is covered wlthsubstances which are as resistant operation will be ap-' liquid or vapor state (Cl. 176-122) I also be formed in sucha manner that the covered part of the wall is heatedless by the dis-' charge than the other parts. of the wall.
- the container is so constructed that the first mentioned-part of the wall is farther removed from the discharge paththan-the last mentionedpa'rt,
- the container is of tubular shape and the protective layer is arranged between the electrodes so that'the vaporizable metal is. near the discharge path.
- theprotective direction of the tube axis and has an oblong form.
- the protective layer should be of such thicknessthat the vaporizable metal cannot penetrate through it;
- a layer of zirconium in g fixed to the container wall is preferred.
- the gaseous electric discharge lamp device comprises a tubular container I having two thermior'iic. activated electrodes ,2 sealed therein, one at each end thereof. Said electrodes are mounted closely adjacent the respective ends of the container l to maintain said ends at anelevated temperature during the operation of the device. Said electrodes 2 each FICE-1.:
- the tube contains a rare; starting gas consisting of neon, for example, at a pressure of about 12 mm. Aside from this there is on the zirconium layer 3 in thetube, a quantity of magnesium which during operation furnishes the necessary magnesium vapor.
- the black layer 4 locally increases the heat loss
- the zirconium strip is the coldest part of the container enclosing the discharge space.
- these are arranged near the ends of the container I.
- the ends of the container are coated on the outside with platinum mirrors to reduce the heat loss of said ends.
- these spaces can, for instance, be closed oil! with the aid of screens or septums, or the tube wall can be so contracted that practically no magnesium vapor gets into the spaces behind the electrodes.
- the lamp device is mounted in a heat conservator, such as a double walled flask, when desired. 7
- Afigaseous electric discharge device comprisingacontainer, electrodes sealed therein, a quantity or vaporizable metal therein the vapor of which is luminosity producing during the operationof the device, the inner wall of said container being resistant to the 'hot, ionized metal vapor and being subject to attack by the unvaporized'portion of said metal, a condensing surface on said container and a material inert with respect to'said metal in any state interposed between said surface and the unvaporized portion of said metal and covering said surface to protect said surface from the deleterious effects of said unvaporized metal.
- a gaseous electric discharge device comprising an elongated, tubular container, electrodes sealed therein at the ends thereof, ,a quantity of vaporizable metal therein the vapor of which is luminosity producing during the operation of the device, the inner wall of said container being resistant to the hot, ionized metal vapor and being subject to attack by the unvaporized portion of'said metal, a condensing surface on said container, said surface extending longitudinally along said container between said electrodes, and a material inert with respect to said metal in any, state interposed between said surface and the unvaporized portion of said metal and covering said surface to protect said surface from the deleterious effects of said unvaporized metal.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Description
Dec. 21, 1937.
M. J. DRUYVESTEYN GASEOUS ELECTRIC DISCHARGE LAMP DEVICE Filed Aug. 16, 1937 INVENTOR Mari J. oru ves'teyn BY I ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 21, I937 GASEOUS ELECTRIC DISCHARGE DEVICE f Mari J. Druyvesteyn, EindhovemNetherlands, asslgnor to General Electric Company; acorporation of New York Application August 16, 1937, Serial No.
In Germany August28, 1936,
2 Claimsr The present invention relates to gaseous-electric discharge lamp devices generally and more particularly the invention relates to such devices the gaseous atmosphere of which consists of or ,5. comprises a metalvapor. The container glasses, used for incandescent lamps and electric discharge lamps containing only a fixed gas are not" suitable for use in con-' nection with a discharge lamp containing a chemically active metal For this reason these discharge devices are made of special glasses, or the inside .of the glass wall as possible to the metal vapors. The composition of this glass or coating naturally depends on the I particular metal vapor used.
I have observed that occasionally the wall material is more resistant to the metal vapor than to the solid or liquid metal from which the vapor is developed. This is particularly true in the case of a magnesium or thallium vapor discharge device. In such tubes the wall can be made resistant to themetal vapor, but the useful life thereof is shortened by the attack on the wall during operation by the surplus'metal in the tube,which is not vaporized, whereby theiwall soon loses its mechanical properties and the tube breaks after a short period of operation.
The object of the present invention is to prevent the unvaporized portion of the metal from attacking the container of gaseous electric discharge lamp devices of the above type. Still further objects and advantages attaching to the device and to its use and parent to those skilled in the art from the following particular description.
The invention attains its object by providing a condensing surface on the container which surface consists of a material resistant to the eflects of said metal in the solid, and which is interposed between the unvaporized metal and the wall of the container. This structure prevents the attack of the unvaporized metal on the container glassand the gaseous electric discharge lamp device has a long, useful operating life. The condensing surface must be at a lower 50 temperature than the other. parts of the' container during the operation of the device and various means are useful for maintaining the pro tive layer at the necessary temperature' For example, the heat losses from that part of- .55 the container wall covered by the protective layer in relation to the heat losses from the remaining part of said wall are increased. For example, the part covered by the protective layer is made rough or black on the outside to increase so the heat radiation locally. The container can v layerextends in the is covered wlthsubstances which are as resistant operation will be ap-' liquid or vapor state (Cl. 176-122) I also be formed in sucha manner that the covered part of the wall is heatedless by the dis-' charge than the other parts. of the wall. In this casethe container ,is so constructed that the first mentioned-part of the wall is farther removed from the discharge paththan-the last mentionedpa'rt,
Preferably, the container is of tubular shape and the protective layer is arranged between the electrodes so that'the vaporizable metal is. near the discharge path. Preferably, theprotective direction of the tube axis and has an oblong form. i I v The protective layershould be of such thicknessthat the vaporizable metal cannot penetrate through it; In amagnesium vapor discharge tube a layer of zirconium in g fixed to the container wall is preferred. One can also use an aluminum oxide layer of appreciable thickness. I In the drawing accompanying and forming part of this specification an embodiment Lofthe invention is shown, in which v s Fig. 1 is a side elevational, partly sectional view of a gaseous electric discharge lamp device embodying the invention and g 1 Fig; 2 is a sectional view along the line 2-2 of Fig.1. Referring to the drawing the gaseous electric discharge lamp device comprises a tubular container I having two thermior'iic. activated electrodes ,2 sealed therein, one at each end thereof. Said electrodes are mounted closely adjacent the respective ends of the container l to maintain said ends at anelevated temperature during the operation of the device. Said electrodes 2 each FICE-1.:
the form of a thinfoil afhave a pair of current leads and consist of a composition:-
, Per cent S10: 78 A120: 12 Cab 10 a tungsten filament, of high electron emis- This glass is covered on the inside with a magnesium oxide skin. This skin is applied by the following method. The container -l is first eva-cuated and heated to about 500 C.,'then magnesium vapor is passed through the container I until a slight attack of the glass is observed I without the latter showing a noticeable chemical" in the glass surface is oxidized and the slight dischange. Thereupon moist air is admitted into the container I and the latter is heatedto about 600 0., whereby the magnesium which is on and coloration of the glass, which is caused by the physical attack of the glass, disappears. This magnesium oxide skin makes the container wall very resistant to magnesium vapor. However at the elevated operating temperatureof the container it is less resistant to the magnesium which is not vaporized. In order to avoid this disadvantage, a thin strip 3 consisting of zirconium is applied on the inside of the tube wall, which strip, for instance, is pasted on the container j wall with the aid of water-glass and covers only a relatively small'partof the wall as shown in the drawing. That part of the outside of the container wall, which lies opposite this'zirconiu'm strip, is provided with a black coating 4 consist= ing for instance of carbon. V
The tube contains a rare; starting gas consist ing of neon, for example, at a pressure of about 12 mm. Aside from this there is on the zirconium layer 3 in thetube, a quantity of magnesium which during operation furnishes the necessary magnesium vapor.
The black layer 4 locally increases the heat loss,
so that the zirconium strip is the coldest part of the container enclosing the discharge space. To avoid cold spaces behind the electrodesI, these are arranged near the ends of the container I. When desired, the ends of the container are coated on the outside with platinum mirrors to reduce the heat loss of said ends.
Sometimes temperatures can be permitted in the spaces behind the electrodes which are somewhat lower than the lowest temperature of the zirconium strip, if care is taken to avoid distillation of the magnesium over into these spaces behind the electrodes. For this purpose these spaces can, for instance, be closed oil! with the aid of screens or septums, or the tube wall can be so contracted that practically no magnesium vapor gets into the spaces behind the electrodes.
that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its use and operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the invention, for
example, the lamp device is mounted in a heat conservator, such as a double walled flask, when desired. 7
WhatI claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:-
1. Afigaseous electric discharge device comprisingacontainer, electrodes sealed therein, a quantity or vaporizable metal therein the vapor of which is luminosity producing during the operationof the device, the inner wall of said container being resistant to the 'hot, ionized metal vapor and being subject to attack by the unvaporized'portion of said metal, a condensing surface on said container and a material inert with respect to'said metal in any state interposed between said surface and the unvaporized portion of said metal and covering said surface to protect said surface from the deleterious effects of said unvaporized metal. V v 2. A gaseous electric discharge device comprising an elongated, tubular container, electrodes sealed therein at the ends thereof, ,a quantity of vaporizable metal therein the vapor of which is luminosity producing during the operation of the device, the inner wall of said container being resistant to the hot, ionized metal vapor and being subject to attack by the unvaporized portion of'said metal, a condensing surface on said container, said surface extending longitudinally along said container between said electrodes, and a material inert with respect to said metal in any, state interposed between said surface and the unvaporized portion of said metal and covering said surface to protect said surface from the deleterious effects of said unvaporized metal.
' MARI J. DRUYVESTEYN.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE482036X | 1936-08-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2103227A true US2103227A (en) | 1937-12-21 |
Family
ID=6542757
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US159428A Expired - Lifetime US2103227A (en) | 1936-08-28 | 1937-08-16 | Gaseous electric discharge lamp device |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2103227A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE423309A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR826011A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB482036A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL51717C (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2440832A (en) * | 1945-05-29 | 1948-05-04 | Pennybacker Miles | Gas discharge lamp |
| US2509071A (en) * | 1945-05-29 | 1950-05-23 | Pennybacker Miles | Gas discharge lamp |
| US3248256A (en) * | 1962-07-26 | 1966-04-26 | Ibm | Vacuum evaporation method to obtain silicon dioxide film |
| US3851200A (en) * | 1972-12-11 | 1974-11-26 | Gen Electric | Heat and light reflective coating on quartz lamp |
| US3863089A (en) * | 1970-09-28 | 1975-01-28 | Owens Illinois Inc | Gas discharge display and memory panel with magnesium oxide coatings |
| US4731560A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1988-03-15 | Owens-Illinois Television Products, Inc. | Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life |
| US4794308A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1988-12-27 | Owens-Illinois Television Products Inc. | Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life |
| US5204578A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1993-04-20 | General Electric Company | Heat sink means for metal halide lamp |
-
0
- BE BE423309D patent/BE423309A/xx unknown
- NL NL51717D patent/NL51717C/xx active
-
1937
- 1937-08-16 US US159428A patent/US2103227A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1937-08-25 GB GB23348/37A patent/GB482036A/en not_active Expired
- 1937-08-26 FR FR826011D patent/FR826011A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2440832A (en) * | 1945-05-29 | 1948-05-04 | Pennybacker Miles | Gas discharge lamp |
| US2509071A (en) * | 1945-05-29 | 1950-05-23 | Pennybacker Miles | Gas discharge lamp |
| US3248256A (en) * | 1962-07-26 | 1966-04-26 | Ibm | Vacuum evaporation method to obtain silicon dioxide film |
| US4731560A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1988-03-15 | Owens-Illinois Television Products, Inc. | Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life |
| US4794308A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1988-12-27 | Owens-Illinois Television Products Inc. | Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life |
| US3863089A (en) * | 1970-09-28 | 1975-01-28 | Owens Illinois Inc | Gas discharge display and memory panel with magnesium oxide coatings |
| US3851200A (en) * | 1972-12-11 | 1974-11-26 | Gen Electric | Heat and light reflective coating on quartz lamp |
| US5204578A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1993-04-20 | General Electric Company | Heat sink means for metal halide lamp |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB482036A (en) | 1938-03-22 |
| FR826011A (en) | 1938-03-21 |
| BE423309A (en) | |
| NL51717C (en) |
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