US2100151A - Apparatus for producing ice - Google Patents

Apparatus for producing ice Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2100151A
US2100151A US757544A US75754434A US2100151A US 2100151 A US2100151 A US 2100151A US 757544 A US757544 A US 757544A US 75754434 A US75754434 A US 75754434A US 2100151 A US2100151 A US 2100151A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
water
ice
vacuum
vacuum chamber
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US757544A
Inventor
Tietz Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Original Assignee
IG Farbenindustrie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IG Farbenindustrie AG filed Critical IG Farbenindustrie AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2100151A publication Critical patent/US2100151A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F25C1/16—Producing ice by partially evaporating water in a vacuum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/05—Freezing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporationoi water in vacuo.
  • these dimculties are entirely overcome, and a continuous production of ice is made possible by continuously withdrawing the ice formed in the vacuum chamber by means of an extruding press in which the ice bar formed serves as sealing medium for maintaining the vacuum.
  • an extruding press in which the ice bar formed serves as sealing medium for maintaining the vacuum.
  • a guide for the ice bar is provided and this guide is formed with a slight conicity so that the ice bar is pressed against all parts of the guide.
  • the worm extruding press has proved especially suitable since this press comprises the most simple mechanism and is best to be sealed against the high vacuum. Inorder to prevent heat radiation from the outside it is advisable to .arrange the press in the vacuum chamber itself.
  • this part of the apparatus is sprayed with water. Because of the vacuum partial evaporation of the water and strong undercooling or freezing of the remainder will take place at this part.
  • the press is thereby cooled without a special cooling chamber being necessary.
  • the ice is obtained in the form of snow it is necessary to heat the walls of this'nozzle, for the nozzle would be clogged by ice if the walls of the nozzle would reach a temperature below zero.
  • This heating of the nozzle may be attained in various ways, for instance, electrically, but since only slight heating is required it will be suflicient to heat the walls of the nomle by means the water is caused to flow through the hollow walls of the nozzle before it enters the vacuum chamber. Thereby also pre-cooling oi the water is attained.
  • the water is introduced into the vacuum chamber in one straight jet, which jet is exposed to vacuum before it touches the walls or bottom of the vacuum chamber for so long freeze under the influence of the withdrawing of heat from its surface by partial evaporation.
  • This can be efl'ected in such a manner that the jet is sprayed in from the bottom to the top so that the time during which the jet is exposed to the vacuum is prolonged by the previous rising time and on the whole amounts to twice the time the drop requires for falling down.
  • a still more preferred way to expose the water to the high vacuum as long as possible without touching the walls of the vacuum chamber consists in extending the water in a thin layer over moving surfaces whereon it freezes, and then taking it of! in the form of ice.
  • This slowly moving surface may be for instance a drum.
  • Particularly suitable as moving surface has proved a conveyorbelt from metal, leather, or still'better, rubber. when causing water to trickle oversuch a belt at the one end and fixing the'velocity so that the water is frozen when the direction of the drum or endless band is changed it has been ill found that the ice at the turning point separates from the band and moves forward as a fiat,-thin ice bar without any special mechanical means being necessary.
  • the band may be used horizontally, vertically as well as in any desired oblique direction.
  • the numeral 3 indicates a worm extruding press.
  • the worm extruding 'press 3 is arranged in the vacuum chamber l.
  • Above the press 3 there is a funnel 4.
  • the wall is provided with a flange overlapping the edge of funnel 4.
  • a water-injector 6 is provided for cooling the compression part of the press. The water which is sprayed upon the compression part in only small quantities freezes under the influence of the vacuum but is continuously transformed into water by the compression heat generated in the press until it has completely evaporated under the influence of the vacuum.
  • FIGs 2 and 3 represent two different devices for obtaining the ice in vacuum.
  • the water is sprayed through a nozzle I on to the walls of the vacuum chamber.
  • the ice frozen to the walls is scraped off by scrapers 8 which are fastened on a shaft 9, thus the ice falls into the discharging device.
  • the walls of the vacuum chamber I are conically shaped and provided with a heating jacket iii. The water sprayed in first freezes at the walls, since the withdrawal of the heat by partial evaporation in an evacuated chamber proceeds more rapidly than the heat can flow from the heating jacket which is cooled by the water that is sprayed in.
  • the passage of the heat becomes more and more difficult and by and by the flow of the heat from the heating jacket becomes greater than the flow of the heat through the ice. Therefore. theice will melt at the wall. the crust will break off from the wall and fall downwards into the discharging device.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an introduction device for the water wherein the water expands in the noz- 71c ii, constructedv in the form of a Laval-nozzle.
  • the water is transformed into snow which falls into the discharging device.
  • the nozzle is heated. Heating preferably takes place by means of the introduced water flowing through a water-jacket surrounding the nozzle. The water enters the waterjacket of the nozzle at i2 and at l3 it enters the nozzle and passes into the vacuum chamber.
  • Figures 5 to 9 illustrate how the ice is produced while avoiding a contact of the water sprayed in with the wall of the vacuum chamber.
  • Fig. 5 the water is sprayed into the vacuum chamber by the nozzle 1 from below to the top.
  • the rising jet is distributed in single drops which freeze under the influence of the vacuum to hail-stones which fall into the worm extruding press working as discharging device.
  • the moving surfaces are one or more conveyor belts It.
  • the conveyor belt is vertically arranged, in Figure 8 it is arranged horizontally and in Figure 9 an arrangement of three conveyor belts IS in a closed shaft is shown in cross section.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Description

Nov. 23, 1937. H. TIETZ APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ICE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Dec. 14, 1934 Nov. 23, 1937. H. TIETZ APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ICE Filed Dec. 14, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATES ' a oaisi snares rca nucmo rcs Tietx, Leverlsusen-Wiesdorf, Germany, a-
signor H. G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengcscll-' achait,
nirfort-on-the-Main, Geny airma December 14. 1934, Serial No. 751,544 v The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporationoi water in vacuo.
It is known that water is partially converted 5 into ice when subjecting it to a vacuum without supplying heat. Part of the water evaporates and withdraws heat from the remaining part of v the water so that it freezes to ice. Various apparatus have been constructed for producing ice in accordance with this process. Up to the present time, however, it has not been possible to obtain ice by this process in a continuous manner of working because the water introduced into the vacuum chamber freezes to one ice bar which can only with the greatest difliculty be taken out of the vacuum chamberand only while interrupting the process.
In accordance with the present invention these dimculties are entirely overcome, and a continuous production of ice is made possible by continuously withdrawing the ice formed in the vacuum chamber by means of an extruding press in which the ice bar formed serves as sealing medium for maintaining the vacuum. For this purpose a guide for the ice bar is provided and this guide is formed with a slight conicity so that the ice bar is pressed against all parts of the guide. Among the various extruding presses the worm extruding press has proved especially suitable since this press comprises the most simple mechanism and is best to be sealed against the high vacuum. Inorder to prevent heat radiation from the outside it is advisable to .arrange the press in the vacuum chamber itself.
If the compression part of the press is to be cooled this part of the apparatus is sprayed with water. Because of the vacuum partial evaporation of the water and strong undercooling or freezing of the remainder will take place at this part.
The press is thereby cooled without a special cooling chamber being necessary.
For enabling a continuous working of the ice producing apparatus it has proved advantageous to introduce the water into the apparatus in such a manner that it reaches the bottom of the apparatus in theform of ice. The introduction of the water in such a manner that it reaches the bottom of the apparatus in the form of ice can be achieved in various ways. Thus it is possible to spray'the water against-the walls of the vacuum chamber and to scrape oil the ice formed from the walls by a suitable device, or toheat the walls so that the ice falls on to the bottom from where it is withdrawn by a withdrawing device.
of the water introduced in such a manner that that the jet is given ample time to completely to (in. 62-107) the ice is obtained in the form of snow it is necessary to heat the walls of this'nozzle, for the nozzle would be clogged by ice if the walls of the nozzle would reach a temperature below zero. This heating of thenozzle may be attained in various ways, for instance, electrically, but since only slight heating is required it will be suflicient to heat the walls of the nomle by means the water is caused to flow through the hollow walls of the nozzle before it enters the vacuum chamber. Thereby also pre-cooling oi the water is attained.
In accordance with a preferred feature of the new process the water is introduced into the vacuum chamber in one straight jet, which jet is exposed to vacuum before it touches the walls or bottom of the vacuum chamber for so long freeze under the influence of the withdrawing of heat from its surface by partial evaporation. This can be efl'ected in such a manner that the jet is sprayed in from the bottom to the top so that the time during which the jet is exposed to the vacuum is prolonged by the previous rising time and on the whole amounts to twice the time the drop requires for falling down. Further practice has shown that the jet at its turning point dissolves in single drops so that thereby the cooling and evaporating surface is essentially enlarged, on the one hand, and the form of the drops remains so large that the frozen product takes the form of hail-stones rather than snow, on the other hand, which hail-stones cannot be carried over, readily by the steam drawing ofl.
A still more preferred way to expose the water to the high vacuum as long as possible without touching the walls of the vacuum chamber consists in extending the water in a thin layer over moving surfaces whereon it freezes, and then taking it of! in the form of ice. This slowly moving surface may be for instance a drum. Particularly suitable as moving surface has proved a conveyorbelt from metal, leather, or still'better, rubber. when causing water to trickle oversuch a belt at the one end and fixing the'velocity so that the water is frozen when the direction of the drum or endless band is changed it has been ill found that the ice at the turning point separates from the band and moves forward as a fiat,-thin ice bar without any special mechanical means being necessary. The band may be used horizontally, vertically as well as in any desired oblique direction. In order to prevent water from freezingon the walls of the vacuum chamber caused by splashing from the band it is advisable to combine three or more bands to one closed shaft so that splashes cannot reach the outside of the shaft.
The invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
In Fig. 1 the numeral 3 indicates a worm extruding press. The worm extruding 'press 3 is arranged in the vacuum chamber l. Above the press 3 there is a funnel 4. In order to prevent the ice from falling between the funnel 4 and the wall of the vacuum chamber i, the wall is provided with a flange overlapping the edge of funnel 4. For cooling the compression part of the press a water-injector 6 is provided. The water which is sprayed upon the compression part in only small quantities freezes under the influence of the vacuum but is continuously transformed into water by the compression heat generated in the press until it has completely evaporated under the influence of the vacuum.
Figures 2 and 3 represent two different devices for obtaining the ice in vacuum. In these devices the water is sprayed through a nozzle I on to the walls of the vacuum chamber. In Figure 2 the ice frozen to the walls is scraped off by scrapers 8 which are fastened on a shaft 9, thus the ice falls into the discharging device. In Figure 3 the walls of the vacuum chamber I are conically shaped and provided with a heating jacket iii. The water sprayed in first freezes at the walls, since the withdrawal of the heat by partial evaporation in an evacuated chamber proceeds more rapidly than the heat can flow from the heating jacket which is cooled by the water that is sprayed in. With increasing thickness of the ice layer the passage of the heat becomes more and more difficult and by and by the flow of the heat from the heating jacket becomes greater than the flow of the heat through the ice. Therefore. theice will melt at the wall. the crust will break off from the wall and fall downwards into the discharging device.
Figure 4 illustrates an introduction device for the water wherein the water expands in the noz- 71c ii, constructedv in the form of a Laval-nozzle. In this nozzle the water is transformed into snow which falls into the discharging device. In order to prevent clogging of the nozzle by the formation of ice the nozzle is heated. Heating preferably takes place by means of the introduced water flowing through a water-jacket surrounding the nozzle. The water enters the waterjacket of the nozzle at i2 and at l3 it enters the nozzle and passes into the vacuum chamber.
Figures 5 to 9 illustrate how the ice is produced while avoiding a contact of the water sprayed in with the wall of the vacuum chamber.
For this purpose in Fig. 5 the water is sprayed into the vacuum chamber by the nozzle 1 from below to the top. The rising jet is distributed in single drops which freeze under the influence of the vacuum to hail-stones which fall into the worm extruding press working as discharging device.
In Figures 6 to 9 the water introduced through nozzles I is extended upon moving surfaces in thin layers. In Fig. 6 the moving surfaces are a pair of drums N moving in opposite directions from which drums the ice is taken off by the scrapers It. It then falls into the funnel l and the worm extruding press I.
In Figures '1 to 9 the moving surfaces are one or more conveyor belts It. In Figure 7 the conveyor belt is vertically arranged, in Figure 8 it is arranged horizontally and in Figure 9 an arrangement of three conveyor belts IS in a closed shaft is shown in cross section.
At the upper part of the shaft in the center there is arranged the'water introducing nozzle 1 which distributes the water upon the three. conveyor belts. By the closed shaft any splashing of the water on to the walls of the vacuum chamber i is avoided as any such water would freeze and thereby cause clogging of the vacuum chamber. It is not necessary to scrape off the ice from the conveyor belts, since the ice falls therefrom at the turning point. In Figures 8 and 9 a worm extruding press is likewise illustrated as the discharging device.
I claim:-
1. In an apparatus for'producing ice by partial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamber, the arrangement of an extruding press. whose cross-sectional dimension diminishes toward the outlet, for withdrawing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber and simultaneously compressing the same into a solid to seal said outlet while sustaining the vacuum in the chamber.
2. In an apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamher. the arrangement of a moving device upon the surface of which the water is exposed to the vacuum until it is frozen and a device for withdrawing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber while sustaining the vacuum.
3. In an apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamber, the arrangement of a. conveyor belt upon which the water is exposed to the vacuum until it is frozen and a device for withdrawing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber while sustaining the vacuum.
4. In an apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamber, the arrangement of a conveyor belt of rubber upon which the water is exposed to the vacuum until it is frozen and a device for withdraw-' ing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber while sustaining the vacuum.
5. In an apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamber, the arrangement of a moving device upon the surface of which the water is exposed to the vacuum until itis frozen and an extruding press for withdrawing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber while sustaining the vacuum.
6. In an apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamber, the arrangement of a conveyor belt upon which the water is exposed to the vacuum until it is frozen and an extruding press for withdrawing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber while sustaining the vacuum.
'7. In an apparatus for producing ice bypartial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamber, the arrangement of a conveyor belt of rubber upon which the water is exposed to the vacuum until it is frozen and an extruding press for withdrawing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber while sustaining the vacuum.
8. In an apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamber, the arrangement of a moving device upon the surface of which the water is exposed to the vacuum until it is frozen and a worm extruding press for withdrawing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber while sustaining the vacuum.
9. In an apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamber, the arrangement of a conveyor belt upon which the water is exposed to the vacuum until it is frozen and a. worm extruding press for withdrawing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber while sustaining the vacuum.
10. In an apparatus for producing ice by partial evaporation of water in an evacuated chamber, the arrangement of a conveyor belt of rubber upon which the water is exposed to the vacuum until it is frozen and a worm extruding press for withdrawing the ice formed from the vacuum chamber while sustaining the vacuum.
HANS 111312.
US757544A 1933-12-16 1934-12-14 Apparatus for producing ice Expired - Lifetime US2100151A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2100151X 1933-12-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2100151A true US2100151A (en) 1937-11-23

Family

ID=7984925

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US757544A Expired - Lifetime US2100151A (en) 1933-12-16 1934-12-14 Apparatus for producing ice

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2100151A (en)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2456124A (en) * 1943-08-10 1948-12-14 Beech Nut Packing Co Apparatus for and method of treating food products
US2464187A (en) * 1943-05-20 1949-03-08 Fmc Corp Process for preparing finely divided materials
US2471035A (en) * 1943-10-02 1949-05-24 Frank E Hurd Apparatus for the desiccation of organic substances
US2515098A (en) * 1945-08-01 1950-07-11 Chain Belt Co Continuous low-temperature dehydration
US2533125A (en) * 1946-02-16 1950-12-05 Michael Reese Res Foundation Apparatus for desiccation by ice sublimation
US2610474A (en) * 1940-08-15 1952-09-16 Flakice Corp Art of congelation and apparatus for use in connection therewith
US2613513A (en) * 1946-04-06 1952-10-14 Blaw Knox Co Vapor condensing apparatus and method
US2616604A (en) * 1941-05-02 1952-11-04 Theodore R Folsom Method for freezing and drying liquids and semisolids
US2620573A (en) * 1948-01-28 1952-12-09 Little Inc A Low-pressure product drying
US2813350A (en) * 1954-03-12 1957-11-19 Commw Eugineering Company Of O Process for concentration of solutions by sublimation
US3384979A (en) * 1965-08-28 1968-05-28 Centre Nat Rech Scient System for evaporating and cooling a liquid injected in vacuo
US3443389A (en) * 1966-12-27 1969-05-13 Air Reduction Apparatus for the production of carbon dioxide snow
US4013232A (en) * 1976-01-06 1977-03-22 National Research Development Corporation Dispersion of pigments by cryogenic attrition
US6038869A (en) * 1997-10-31 2000-03-21 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Method and apparatus for making spherical ice particles
NL1010857C2 (en) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-23 Doomernik Bv Method and device for making a water-ice mixture.

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2610474A (en) * 1940-08-15 1952-09-16 Flakice Corp Art of congelation and apparatus for use in connection therewith
US2616604A (en) * 1941-05-02 1952-11-04 Theodore R Folsom Method for freezing and drying liquids and semisolids
US2464187A (en) * 1943-05-20 1949-03-08 Fmc Corp Process for preparing finely divided materials
US2456124A (en) * 1943-08-10 1948-12-14 Beech Nut Packing Co Apparatus for and method of treating food products
US2471035A (en) * 1943-10-02 1949-05-24 Frank E Hurd Apparatus for the desiccation of organic substances
US2515098A (en) * 1945-08-01 1950-07-11 Chain Belt Co Continuous low-temperature dehydration
US2533125A (en) * 1946-02-16 1950-12-05 Michael Reese Res Foundation Apparatus for desiccation by ice sublimation
US2613513A (en) * 1946-04-06 1952-10-14 Blaw Knox Co Vapor condensing apparatus and method
US2620573A (en) * 1948-01-28 1952-12-09 Little Inc A Low-pressure product drying
US2813350A (en) * 1954-03-12 1957-11-19 Commw Eugineering Company Of O Process for concentration of solutions by sublimation
US3384979A (en) * 1965-08-28 1968-05-28 Centre Nat Rech Scient System for evaporating and cooling a liquid injected in vacuo
US3443389A (en) * 1966-12-27 1969-05-13 Air Reduction Apparatus for the production of carbon dioxide snow
US4013232A (en) * 1976-01-06 1977-03-22 National Research Development Corporation Dispersion of pigments by cryogenic attrition
US6038869A (en) * 1997-10-31 2000-03-21 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Method and apparatus for making spherical ice particles
NL1010857C2 (en) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-23 Doomernik Bv Method and device for making a water-ice mixture.
WO2000037865A1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-29 York Refrigeration Aps. Method and installation for making a water/ice mixture

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2100151A (en) Apparatus for producing ice
US3354662A (en) Dynamic flash production of hydrogen slush
US1951790A (en) Method and apparatus for treating asphalt
US3246481A (en) Ice making machine and breaker
US1970437A (en) Method of and apparatus for the rapid freezing of liquids
GB921991A (en) Method of and apparatus for freeze drying
US2651821A (en) Continuous or semicontinuous casting of metals
US2241726A (en) Process for the separation of ice and concentrate
US2142386A (en) Apparatus and process for producing ice
US2073327A (en) High vacuum distillation and apparatus therefor
EP0039511A3 (en) Apparatus for freezing confection material
US2429964A (en) Method for dewatering starch conversion syrup
US1322652A (en) Tories
US1879445A (en) Process of crystallizing salts from solutions containing them
US381655A (en) Process of casting metal
US2037006A (en) Process for producing soap having a definite water content
US2215968A (en) Method for continuously recovering phthalic anhydride
US2179833A (en) Distillation of liquids having relatively high boiling points
US2825653A (en) Continuous process for dehydrating liquid or semi-liquid concentrates under sub-atmospheric pressure
US3210861A (en) Freeze drying
US2317777A (en) Apparatus for the separation of ice and concentrate
US2993764A (en) Apparatus for purification by sublimation
GB448873A (en) Process for the production of ice
US2802236A (en) Cooling and handling of petroleum pitches
US2316144A (en) Formation of metal shapes