US2092408A

US2092408A - Building construction

Info

Publication number: US2092408A
Application number: US143892A
Authority: US
Inventors: Leon P Smith
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1937-05-21
Filing date: 1937-05-21
Publication date: 1937-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 1954-09-07

Description

Sept. 7, 1937. L P. SMITH BUILDING coNsTRucTIoN Filed May H21, 1937 ATTORNEY S `tion of walls for buildings. relates to walls fabricated of `a number of panels ,e

Patented Sept. 7, 1937 UNITED STATES,y PATENT OFFICE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Leon PSmith, Brooklyn, N. applicati@ May 21.1931, seriaiNo. 143,892' s claims. (ci. 'za-30) "Ifhepresent invention relates tothe construcor sections which are assembled together and fastened to a supporting framework. Single or double walls may be constructed and in the case of double walls, having panels on both sides of the framework, the space between' the panels may `be filled with concrete or other filling or insulating materials, or left partially or wholly unoccupied, as may be desired.

It is an object of this invention to provide a novel type `of panel for use in erecting walls,

this panel serving both as a form for poured concretewalls and asthe permanent interior or exterior surface of the finished wall.

Another object isto provide novel means for.l

` plete `walls thannas hitherto been possible.

Another object is to enablethe construction and use of panels ofua large variety of materials, of low cost, and making possible the prefabrication of buiding units to a great extent.

Another object is to provide building elements which are structurally strong and which have an extensivev area so as to be able to compete favorably with present modesof construction by rea.-

`son of greater lrapidity of erection.

Other'objects and advantages will appear from the following detailed description of `certain preferred embodiments of the invention shown in `the drawing, in which:

Fig. lis a section through a doublewall, showing twodiiferent'types of vpanels and the means framework `and showing the construction of the two types of panels shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a section of a panel showing a modified More particularly it hydrostatic head pressure without deforming.

form of Vreinforcement designed to withstand high internal pressure.`

It is. contemplated that a building structure will be erected on a suitable foundation with a supporting framework of steel or wood beams. 5 To this framework panels are attached, which panels have beenprefabricated to serve as the permanent inner or outer Walls. Outer wall panels maybe surfaced in any desired way, for example in simulation of stone block, tile, marble, 10 mosaic patterns and other designs, brick, stucco or a variety of other surfaces. Inner wall panels may be smooth and adapted to receive paint, paper, plaster finishing coats or `may already be decorated as may be desired. The framework 15 having been erected, inner and outer panels are secured to it. The space `between the panels not occupied by beams or girders may be utilized for plumbing, heating or electric wiring conduits and the like.A The remaining space may then be 20 permanently filled with concrete or insulating materials. ,e

The present invention is particularly well `adapted for the building of a concrete wall, the

formation :of the panels being such that they 25 maybe utilized `as forms for theconcrete which can be poured to aconsiderable depth. :To this end the panels embody anovel form of metal reinforcement designed to withstand considerable 30 AReferring tothe drawing, Fig. 1, an I-beam I0, is shown which is assumed to bea part of the supporting'framework of a building. Assuming that the section of wall shownis an exterior wall,

to the outer side of the beams IU are secured a 35 series of panels Il which have beenprefabricated to simulate stone blocks orthe like, as shown in Fig. 2. To the other side ofthe beams, o'n the inside of the wall, are secured a. series` of panels I2 which may be constructed with any desired 40 finish such asa surfacesuitable for painting or` papering. e e Y Y e These panels II and I2 are prefabricated by first forming a sheet metal reinforcement which comprises a series of curved' sections and out- 46 wardly extending reinforcing and securing flanges at the junctions of the several panels. Referring to Fig. 4, the reinforcement is made by forming a strip of, sheet metal into the curved sections Il, `folding it double between each pair of sections 50 to form the outwardly extendingflanges i5.A At intervals along ytheanges ltheyare provided with slots or openings l5; To the reinforcement thus constructed a suitable surfacing material i8 is applied and firmly bonded therewith, for which 5l purpose the outer surface of the reinforcement may be prepared as the case requires in order to secure a firm bond between the surfacing material and the reinforcing material. The solid sheet metal reinforcement sections I4 serve to prevent any seepage of moisture through the wall and make it unnecessary to use any other waterproofing.

A second type of panel may be fabricated as shown in Fig. 5. With this type the curved sections of reinforcements may be formed from a perforated metal plate or expanded metal having openings therethrough as shown at I9. The edges of the curved panel in such cases are turned up and clamped between folded flanges 20 of sheet metal which, as in the case of Fig. 4, are provided with openings I6. A panel is then cast or otherwise formed about such reinforcement so as to form a solid block embedding the reinforcing member to such an extent that only the flanges 20 are exposed. The reinforcement I9 may also be a practically solid sheet as in Fig. 4 with the surface material bonded to both sides.

'Ihe shape of the reinforcement is a particular feature of this invention and the sections between the extending flanges I5 or 20, as the case may be, are curved in order that pressure which is exerted on the reinforcement from inside the wall as from wet concrete poured between the panels, shall not have a tendency to bulge the reinforcement outwardly but shall result more nearly in mere tension within the reinforcement without bending it. It is for this reason that the reinforcement is in curved sections and these curves preferably approach a. catenary as an ideal configuration. By this means pressure within the reinforcement is transmitted to the flanges I5 or 20 without causing sufficient bending of the reinforcement to cause the surfacing material to crack, This form furthermore presents a series of arches to resist pressure from the outside.

It will now be readily understood how a wall may be rapidly erected of panels formed in the manner described by securing to the I-beams I0 or other framework of a building, properly spaced angular brackets 2| and securing the panels by their flanges to these brackets by bolts 22 passing through the openings I6. A wall so formed may be fllled with concrete 23 or other heavy material to a considerable depth, even to the top of a wall of ordinary height, without danger of cracking ory bulging. It may not be necessary to secure the panels to the framework at each point where a flange adjoins a frame member but it may be sufficient to tie together interior and exterior panels at intermediate points so as to resist the interior pressure of the filling material. Such a tie is shown in Fig. 1 at 24, the tie being assumed to be located between the beams and consisting of the usual twist of wire which has been inserted through opposite openings I6 in the flanges of the interior and exterior panels.

Fig. 2 shows how panels fabricated to simulate masonry, for example, may be joined together in such a way as to make the joints practically invisible, a horizontal joint being indicated by the number 25 and a vertical joint following the staggered position of the simulated stones being shown at 26.

In order to line up the panels and further support them against internal or external pressure at points where the joints do not coincide with the members of the framework such as the Fig. 3 by means of a bar 28 which is secured,

together with the flanges 20, to brackets on the beams I0 by means of bolts 22, the bar 28 being further secured to the flanges 20 by bolts 29 passing through the flanges at points adjacent the point where the panels join.

If the wall is to be filled with concrete or other wet material, it is desirable that the joints between the panels be rendered water-tight by means of strips 3|) which overlap the joints and are applied on top of waterproofing material.

In Fig. 6 a modified form of reinforcement is illustrated which is particularly adapted for taking extra heavy internal strain. 'Ihis reinforcement may be formed from a sheet of metal which is folded up to provide flanges 3i and curved sections 32. To the reinforcing members so formed, auxiliary plates 3l, curved on a shorter radius than the sections 32, are applied on the convex surface of the sections 32 and welded or otherwise fastened thereon along the dotted lines 35. With this construction, if internal pressure is developed by reason of a head of concrete or other heavy material sufficient to cause the sections 32 to stretch or bulge, they will merely extend themselves into air gaps 36 between sections 32 and plates 34 and will not cause cracks in the external surface 38.

While the foregoing embodiments of the invention have been described in considerable detail they are not to be taken as limitations of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A Wall structure consisting of supporting framework, prefabricated panels rigidly secured to said framework in abutting relationship to form a continuous wall surface, said panels comprising reinforcement in the form of outwardly curved sections joined to inwardly projecting flanges, said reinforcement being intimately bonded with a layer of surfacing. material of such thickness as to occupy at least all of the space between said reinforcement and a plane tangent to the convex surfaces of said curved sections, and means including said flanges for securing the panels to the framework.

2. A wall structure consisting of supporting framework, prefabricated panels rigidly secured to said framework, said panels including reinforcement in the form of outwardly curved sections and integral attaching means connected to.,

said framework, and concrete illling the space between said panels, the said reinforcement having sufficient resistance to bending under the hydrostatic pressure produced by the unset concrete to prevent cracking of the surface of said panels.

3. A prefabricated panel for use in erecting building walls and adapted to serve both as a permanent wall surface and as a form for poured concrete, comprising a cast or moulded body and a reinforcing member securely bonded thereto, said member consisting of sections curved toward the outer surface of said panel and having inwardly projecting members adapted to be secured to the frame members of a building.

4. A prefabricated panel for use in erecting building walls and adapted to serve both as a permanent Wall surface and as a form for poured concrete, comprising a reinforcing member formed by bending sheet metal into a series of sections curved outwardly in one direction and flanges projecting in the opposite direction, and surfacing material bonded to the convex side of said reinforcement to a depth suillcient to form a plane surfaced Wall, said flanges being adapted for use in securing said panel to a supporting framework.

n.5; A prefabricated panel for use in erecting building Walls and adapted to serve both as a pgermanenifp'all surface and as a form for poured "concrete,

permanent wall surface and as a form for poured concrete, comprising a reinforcing member formed by bending sheet metal into a series of sections outwardly curved in one direction and ilanges projecting in the opposite direction and having auxiliary plates curved on a shorter radius than said sections secured at their straight edges to the face of each of said sections to provide a space between said plates and sections, and surfacing materiai bonded to' the convex sides of said plates to a depth suicient to form a. substantially plane surfaced wall, whereby outward expansion of said sections is permitted without bending said plates.

LEON l?. SMITH.