US2083745A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

L RISDON June 15, 1937.

FURNACE Filed June 27, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOB Iva/2 filsdan B agwmh ATTORNEY Patented June 15, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT @FFICE 9 Claims.

This invention relates to furnaces, and has for its object, generally stated, the provision of an improved heating plant construction especially efiicient in heating capacity and low fuel consumption.

A particular object of the invention is the provision of. most effective down-draft design which, by reason of the effective bafile to the escaping gases, assures radiation of an excepl o tionally high proportion of the heat units.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of a hot water coil arrangement having a thermostatic control therefor acting to govern the water temperature.

l? A yet further object is the provision of a bypass for the gases enabling use of the furnace for heating the hot water 0611 only.

The foregoing, together with further objects and advantages, will become apparent in the 530 course of the following detailed description and claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section representing the now preferred embodiment of the invention, the section being taken on the substantial median line of the fire-box proper.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on broken line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section on line 5:- 33 of Fig. 1 with the down-draft baffle plate of the heat-radiating Wing being shown in elevation.

Fig. 4 is a detail vertical section taken to an enlarged scale on line 44 of Fig. 3; and

5:, Fig. 5 is a detail perspective of the fire-pot, parts being broken away to indicate the grate.

In the drawings, the reference numeral 6 designates the fire-box of the furnace which is formed of plate metal comprising end-wall mem- 40 bers 1 and l and a U-formed side and top wall member 8, said members I and l being outwardly flanged as at 9 for the fitting engagement of the lateral edges of the member 8. Rivets ll operate in conjunction with welding to connect the 45 lapped edges, the arrangement obviating joint destruction by eliminating direct heat to the same. Steel plates are similarly joined toprovide, an. L-shaped wing member I3 spaced from the fire-box and extending along the rear and a 50 side wall of the same toco-operate therewith in radiating the heat from the gases of combustion to an air space provided by a surrounding jacket ID. A pipe 12 extending from the upper portion of the rear wall I of the fire-box communicative- 55 1y connects the fire-box with the rear chamber of the gases. vided with a by-pass flue pipe 66 from the firechimney stack is represented at I4, a vertical 5 baflle wall [5 being interposed therebetween and the admission pipe [2 to force a down-draft of Said wing member is further probox directly communicating with the flue outlet I4, said pipe whilenormally closed by a valve I1 serving to adapt the furnace to a water heating unit, desirable for summer use.

Clean-out doors for the wing member are indicated at and 2|. A door 22 affords entry to 5 the fire-box, accommodating insertion and removal of an ash receptacle 23.

Opening into said fire-box through the front wall 1 is a tunnel 24 through which is received a fire-pot 25, said tunnel about the fire-pot being rendered air-tight by asbestos packing or the like. Formed with an inwardly diverging feed channel 21,.fue1 being fed through the same by means of a conveyer screw 28 operating in a tube 29 from a coal hopper (not shown), said fire-pot provides a grate composed of a plurality of separable bars 3| formed from plane metal with each alternate bar being expressed outwardly from opposite sides to provide projections acting to separate the bars in presenting interstices therebetween for the passage of air from a pit 32. Said pit communicates with a tube 34 through which air is forced from a fan (not shown). The separable grate bar structure allows a provision of minute interstices for the grate which, while effectively acting to restrain the ash from passing therethrough into the pit, obviates clogging.

Represented at I provide a cylindrical vertically disposed water coil supported above the 40 grate, a cap member 43 received over the same serving to direct the gases of combustion between the volutions.- Circulation pipes for the coil are indicated at 4| and 42.

Primarily by reason of the rapid development 45 of heat arising from the direct action of the gases on the coil, I provide for the hot water system an arrangement by means of which the water is directly efiected to a certain predetermined point only. To such end, a thermostatically governed deflection plate 44, the acting surface of which is refractive, is pivotally supported on a shaft 45 for movement from a normal inoperative disposition rearwardly of the grate to an operating position directly thereabove for deflecting the ascending gases, said positions indicated by full and dotted lines in Fig. 1. Extending through a supporting pipe which effectively seals the firebox from the surrounding air space, said shaft extends exteriorly of the jacket I! and is con nected by a crank arm 4'! with a connecting rod t8 welded or otherwise fastened to a diaphragm 5B. A fitting 5| for said diaphragm (Fig. 4) 1o cates the same for effective reaction to the water temperature obtaining in the return pipe 42 of the water circulation system. Said deflection plate is, or may be, counterbalanced to offset the weight of the same in relieving the diaphragm.

In operation, the coal supplied through the hopper is delivered by means of the conveyer screw 28 to the channel 21 and over the grate, combustion occurring from the fuel and the forced air draft with the ashes falling into the receptacle 23. The forced air draft allows a down-draft arrangement within the radiation wing to increase the thermal efliciency of the plant.

As the hot water being heated from the coil 40 reaches a temperature at which the return pipe 42 is effected, the air within the diaphragm 50 expands to operate the connecting rod 48 and crank arm 41 in swinging the plate 44 over the grate in deflecting the gases from the coil. The arrangement prevents overheating where the water is not being used in quantities proportionate with the heat development.

The design of the furnace, providing a by-pass controlled by valve l1, enables use during summer months for water heating purposes only with the ascending gases passing through the coil and directly to the flue outlet.

The embodiment shown, while representing the now preferred form of the invention, is in no sense intended as limiting the scope of the invention. I confine myself only by the hereto annexed claims.

What I claim, is:

1. In a furnace, in combination, a combustion chamber provided with an opening in its front wall, a radiation chamber spaced from the combustion chamber and formed to a substantial L- shape to extend along the rear and a side wall of the combustion chamber, a jacket surrounding said chambers and having openings to and from the same for the circulation of air, the rear wall wing of said radiation chamber having communication with the combustion chamber and the side wall wing having a flue outlet to a chimney stack, a vertical bafile plate in said side wall wing of the radiation chamber between the inlet and outlet openings to force a down-draft of the gases passing therethrough, a fire-pot extending through said front wall opening of the combustion chamber provided with a grate, fuel and air canals through said fire-pot, mechanical stoking devices for delivering fuel through said fuel canal over the grate, and means for delivering air under pressure for combustion purposes through the air canal below the grate.

2. The structure as defined in claim 1, and in combination therewith, a water-heating unit supported in spaced disposition above the grate, a plate member pivotally supported for movement into and out of the path of travel of the ascending gases of combustion between said waterheating unit and the grate, said plate in its gasinterrupting position acting to deflect the gases of combustion from said water-heating unit, and mechanism including a thermostat for controlling said plate member.

3. In a hot-air furnace, a combustion chamber having a substantial rectangular configuration and provided with openings through the front and rear walls of the same, a radiation chamber formed in two substantial rectangular wings to extend along the rear wall and a side wall of the combustion chamber, communication through the rear wall opening of the combustion chamber between said chamber and the wing adjacent thereto, a flue, an opening from the other of said wings to said flue, means in said last-named wing for forcing a down-draft of the gases passing therethrough to the flue, a jacket surrounding said chambers and having openings to and from the same for the circulation of air, a firepot extending through said front wall opening into the combustion chamber, a grate supported by said fire-pot, mechanical stoking devices for delivering fuel over said grate, and means for delivering air under pressure through the apertures of the grate for combustion purposes.

4:. In furnace construction, the combination with a combustion chamber having a substantial rectangular configuration, and means for supplying air under pressure and fuel for combustion purposes to said combustion chamber, of a flue, and a radiation chamber communicatively connecting said combustion chamber and the flue, said chamber being spaced from the combustion chamber for the circulation of air between the same and being formed in two connecting sections disposed horizontally and at right angles to one another to extend along the rear wall and a side wall of the combustion chamber, one of said radiation sections being :1

communicatively connected with the combustion chamber and the other section being communicatively connected with the flue, said radiation chamber providing a vertical bafiie plate in the flue-communicating section extending from the top wall of the same into spaced disposition of the bottom wall for efiecting a downdraft of the gases passing therethrough to the flue.

5. A furnace comprising, in combination, a

which the gases travel in their passage from the grate to either of said outlets, said normal travel of the gases from the grate-supported fuel to the direct outlet in response to the opening of the damper in said direct outlet acting to pass the gases over the water heating coil with an isolation of the heat radiating chamber whereby the furnace operates as a water heating plant only, said normal travel of the gases from the gratesupported fuel through the indirect outlet in response to a closing of the damper in said direct outlet acting to successively pass the gases over the water heating coil and through the heat radiating chamber whereby the furnace operates as a conventional combined water heating and radiation plant, and means for restricting the furnace to a radiation plant only and in the use of which the damper for the direct outlet is adapted to be closed comprising a normally inactive baflie plate pivotally supported for movement into an intervening position as between the grate-supported fuel and the water heating coil for deflecting the gases of combustion from the coil.

6. A furnace comprised of the combination of a combustion chamber provided with a fuel-receiving grate located at one end of the chamber adjacent the floor portion thereof and having an indirect outlet at its opposite end adjacent the upper limits of the chamber adapted to lead through a heat radiating chamber to a chimney flue, said combustion chamber also providing an independent damper-controlled outlet located in proximity of the grate .end of said chamber and adjacent the upper limits thereof adapted to connect directly with the flue, a water heater supported in the combustion chamber to lie above the grate in the normal path which the gases travel in their passage from the grate-supported fuel to either of said outlets, said normal travel of the gases to the direct outlet in response to the opening of the damper therefor acting to pass the gases over the water heater with an isolation of the heat radiating chamber whereby the furnace operates as a water heating plant only, said normal travel of the gases from the grate-supported fuel through the indirect outlet in response to a closing of the damper for said direct outlet acting to successively pass the gases over the water heater and through the heat radiating chamber whereby the furnace operates as a conventional combined water heating and radiation plant, and means for reducing the water heating efiiciency of the furnace to provide a heat radiating plant only and in the use of which the damper for the direct outlet is adapted to be closed comprising a normally inactive member supported for movement into an intervening position as between the gratesupported fuel and the water heater for deflecting the gases of combustion from the water heater.

'7. A furnace comprised of the combination of a combustion chamber having an indirect outlet located above the plane at which fuel ignition occurs and adapted to lead through a heat radiating chamber to a flue, said combustion chamber also having an independent damper-controlled outlet located above the plane at which ignition occurs adapted to connect directly with the flue, a water heater supported in the combustion chamber to lie above the point of ignition of the fuel in the normal path which the gases travel in their passage to either of said outlets, said normal travel of the gases of combustion to the direct outlet in response to the opening of the damper in said direct outlet acting to pass the gases over the water heater with an isolation of the heat radiating chamber whereby the furnace operates as a water heating plant only, said normal travel of the gases of combustion to the indirect outlet in response to a closing of the damper for said direct outlet acting to successively pass the gases over the water heater and through the heat radiating chamber whereby the furnace operates as a conventional combined Water heating and radiation plant, and

means for reducing the water heating efficiency of the furnace to provide a heat radiating plant only and in the use of which the damper for the direct outlet is adapted to be closed comprising a normally inactive baffie member supported for movement into an intervening position as between the point of ignition of the gases and the water heater for deflecting the gases of combustion from the water heater.

8. In a furnace provided with a chimney flue, the combination of a combustion chamber having an outlet therefrom leading directly to the flue, an extended chamber for the radiation of heat connecting with the combustion chamber and leading indirectly to the flue, a water heater supported in the combustion chamber to lie in the normal path of travel of the gases of combustion from the point of ignition thereof either through the radiation chamber and indirectly to the flue or directly to the flue, a damper for said direct outlet to regulate the travel of the gases of combustion for effecting passage of the same through the direct outlet or indirectly through the radiation chamber, and means operating independently of said damper and in the use of which the damper for said direct outlet is adapted to be closed for restricting the furnace to a radiation plant only, said means being movable from a normally inactive position out of the path of travel of the gases into an intervening position as between the water heater and the point of ignition of the gases to constitute a baffle for deflecting the gases from the water heater.

9. In a furnace, in combination with a combustion chamber having an outlet therefrom leading indirectly through a heating chamber to a flue, a water heater in the combustion chamber supported to lie in the path which the gases normally travel in their passage to said outlet for effecting a concentration of the heat thereon in the successive travel of the gases over said water heater and through the heating chamber, said water heater being provided with pipes leading from the upper portion thereof for the withdrawal of hot water and to the lower portion for supplying cold water to the heater, said pipes being adapted to communicate by a system of piping for circulating hot water from the upper portion of the heater through the system tothe lower pipe leading to the water heater, means movable from and into the path of travel of the gases of combustion from their point of ignition to the water heater for increasing and decreasing the water-heating efficiency of the water heater, said movement of the means into the path of travel of the gases to assume an intervening position as between the water heater and the point of ignition of the gases acting to deflect the gases of combustion from the water heater, and mechanism operating automatically in response to a rise of temperature to a predetermined point of the water within the cold water pipe leading to the water heater for moving said means into its gas-deflecting position.

IVAN RISDON.

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