US2078076A

US2078076A - Hinge or joint

Info

Publication number: US2078076A
Application number: US8033A
Authority: US
Inventors: James F Hines
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1934-07-10
Filing date: 1935-02-25
Publication date: 1937-04-20
Anticipated expiration: 1954-04-20

Description

April 1937- J., F. HINES 4 2,078,076

HINGE OR JOINT Original Filed July 10', 1954 lnnentor Patented Apr. 2Q, 1937 UNITED STATES genera ATEN E'FECE HINGE OR JOINT Original application .luly 10, 1934, Serial No.

734,489. Divided and this application February 25, 1935, Serial No. 8,033

10 Claims.

The invention relates to hinges, and this application is a division of my prior application for U. S. Letters Patent, Serial No. 734,489, filed July 10, 1934, which matured into Patent No. 2,004,810,

5 June 11, 1935, and was reissued as. Patent No. Re-

issue 20,089 Sept. 1, 1936.

Hinges available prior to the present improvements sag in use, squeak, rust, and their joints collect moisture and/or dust, because of imperfeet fitting and excessive clearance between the hinge leaves and pins.

The imperfect fitting and excessive clearance between the leaves and pins of usual hinges arises from the fact that the cost of and the time required for manufacturing usual hinges according to usual methods so as to attain precision fitting and clearance between the hinge leaves and pins would be prohibitive.

The objects of the present improvements into clude the provision of an improved hinge which is sagless, squeakless, rustless, and proof against the accumulation of water and/or dust in its joints, and which is adapted for economical and rapid manufacture.

The foregoing and other objects are attained by the improvements, apparatus, parts, combinations, and sub-combinations, which comprise the present invention, and the nature of which is set forth in the following general statement, and preferred embodiments of the improvements, ap-

paratus, parts, combinations, and sub-combinations, together with their mode of use, and a preferred method of making the same, are set forth in the following description, and the improvemerits, apparatus, parts, combinations, and subcombinations of the invention are particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims forming part hereof.

The nature of the improved hinge of the prescut invention may be described in general terms as including a hinge pin which may be made of a length of round steel rod, preferably of a stock size, the ends of the pin being formed out of square. A shorter sleeve of preferably seamless tubing is rotatably located on the pin and may be of brass or bronze, and pairs of brass or bronze washers are located with the pin rotatably fitting in their central apertures, each pair being located at one end of the sleeve with one of the washers in abutment with the adjacent end thereof.

The sleeve and washers are preferably provided, as by means of apertures formed in their walls, with engaging portions or surfaces adapted to be engaged by metal cast thereon. The hinge leaves are cast ofmetal or other suitable material about the pin, sleeve, and washers, so that one leaf engages the sleeve and the inner washers and the other leaf engages the pin and the outer washers.

(Cl. l6--128) The nature of the preferred improved method for making the improved hinge of the present invention may be described in general terms as preassembling the pin, sleeve, and washers in their desired permanent locations with respect to each other, placing the pre-assembled pin, sleeve, and washers as a core unit in a mold having leaf forming cavities, and then pouring molten material having a lower melting point than that of the pin, sleeve, and washers into the mold cavities and about the pin, sleeve, and washers, and on cooling the cast material shrinks wax tight on the pin, sleeve, and washers, and forms the improved hinge.

For many purposes the material of the several parts of the hinge may be metallic, and the cast metal forming the hinge leaves preferably has a lower melting point than that of the metal of the pin, sleeve, and washers.

In the case of relatively large hinges, in order to attain proper cooling of the leaf material about the ends of the hinge pin, it is desirable to associate cores with the opposite ends of the hinge pin and to cast the hinge leaf engaging the outer ends of the hinge pin about the cores as well as the outer ends of the hinge pin; or to provide telescoping means in the hinge pin intermediate its ends, to permit it to contract endvvise with the cast material.

Preferred embodiments of the improved hinge and of the pin, sleeve, and washer unit thereof, are illustrated in the accompanying drawing forming part hereof, in which Figure ll is an isometric view of one embodiment of the improved hinge with the leaves in closed position;

Fig. 2, a plan view thereof with the leaves in open position;

Fig. 3, a longitudinal sectional view thereof as on line 3-3, Fig. 2;

Fig. l, a detached view of the pin, sleeve, and washer unit, with the sleeve and washers shown in longitudinal axial section;

Fig. 5, an end view thereof looking in the direction of the arrows 55, Fig. 4;

Fig. 6, an end view thereof looking in the direction of the arrows ii6, Fig. 4; and

Fig. '7, a view similar to Fig. l illustrating a pin, sleeve, and washer unit for a large hinge, with cores applied to the opposite ends of the hinge pin, and also telescoping means in the hinge pin, for permitting proper cooling and shrinking of the cast material forming the leaf engaging the outer ends of the hinge pin.

Similar numerals refer to similar throughout the several views.

The embodiment of the improved hinge illustrated in the drawing is indicated generally by it and includes a hinge pin l l which is made of a length of round rod, which may be a steel parts rod and is preferably of a stock size, and the end faces l2 and E3 of the pin H are for the purposes of the invention preferably formed out of square with the cylindric longitudinal outer surface of the pin, as by diagonally cutting the rod from which the pins H are formed.

A sleeve l4 rotatably fits on the pin H, and the sleeve I4 is substantially shorter in length than the pin H and the end faces 15 and H3 of the sleeve 14 are square with its cylindrical inner and outer longitudinal surfaces.

The sleeve M has a plurality of engaging apertures H formed in its tubular wall.

As a convenient mechanism for providing thrust bearing surfaces within the hinge joint, which surfaces will be of harder material than the cast body, sets of washers l8--l and l8-2, and I83 and l8l fit on the outer ends of the pin It. The washers have the same external diameters, and all four may conveniently be exactly alike. The inner washers l8-2 and l83 must be rotatable on the pin l i. It is not material whether or not the outer washers l8-l and l8--4 are rotatable on the pin, because the casting of the caps 25 andZii, hereafter described, forms pin, outer washers, and caps into a unitary structure. Opposite faces of the washers l8l and- |8-2 thrust abut against each other and the inner face of the washer |82 abuts against the end face I5 of the sleeve l4, and similarly the opposite faces of the washers l83 and l8 t thrust abut against each other and the inner face of the washer l83 abuts against the end face 16 of the sleeve l4.

Each washer has a plurality of apertures 20 formed therein to engage the castmaterial.

The sleeve M and Washers l8-l, l8-2, i8-3, and 13-4 may be made of bronze in the hinge ill, and the sleeve 14 is preferably a length of seamless tubing.

The hinge I!) furthermore includes one-piece leaves 2t and 22 which may be made of cast aluminum alloy, and the one-piece leaf 2t includes a tubular portion 23 which surrounds the sleeve l4 and engages the apertures I of the sleeve l4, and the opposite ends of the tubular portion 23 abut the inner faces of the washers 3-2 and l83 and engage the apertures Zll thereof.

The hinge leaf 2| furthermore includes a connector plate 24 which extends from one side of the tubular portion 23.

The one-piece hinge leaf 22 includes

end caps

25 and 25; and the end cap 25 surrounds and engages the outer end of the hinge pin l 5 beyond the washer Iii-i, and abuts the outer face of the washer iii-l and engages the apertures 23 thereof; and similarly the end cap 26 surrounds and engages the other end of the hinge pin ll beyond the washer tili, and abuts the outer face of the washer l8--4 and engages the apertures 20 thereof.

The hinge leaf 22 furthermore includes a connector plate 27 extending from one side of the

end caps

25 and 26.

The connector plate 24 of the hinge leaf 2! and the connector plate 21 of the hinge leaf 22 are provided as illustrated with apertures 28 whereby the hinge leaves may be connected as by bolts or screws with the members or parts (not shown) to be hinge connected by the hinge ID.

The improved hinge I0, (in the smaller sizes) is preferably made by forming a core unit indicated generally by 30 in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and

which includes the pin II with the sleeve 14 and the washers [8-4 and l32, and |8-3 and i84 positioned thereon in the desire-d permanent locations with respect to one another, each set of washers being arranged so that the engaging apertures 20 thereof do not register with one another, as best shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

The core unit 30 is then placed as a core in mold cavities of a mold, not shown, the cavities being formed to make thehinge leaves 2! and 22.

Molten metal, as aluminum alloy in the hinge I0, is then poured into the mold cavities, casting the leaves 2i and 22, and as the metal of the leaves cools, the leaves contract and wax tight engagement of the tubular portion 23 of the leaf 2! is effected with the sleeve l4 and the inner washers l8-2 and l83, and similar wax tight engagement of the end caps Hand 26 is effected with the end portions of the hinge pin H and their out of square end faces and with the end washers l8-I and |84, the apertures I! and 20 providing engaging surfaces for the cast material.

In the hinge E0 the aluminum alloy forming the leaves 2i and 22 has a lower melting point than the hinge pin H and the bronze sleeve M and the round washers l8l, 13-2, Iii-3, and l8-4; and in any of the improved hinges of the present invention, the melting point of the cast material for forming the leaves may be lower than the melting point of the hinge pin, sleeve, and washers. Accordingly, when it is desired to cast steel leaves, a pin, sleeve, and washers of nickel iron may be used; and for malleable iron leaves, the pin, sleeve, and. washers may be made of steel..

It will be understood, however, that the body of the metal in the hinge pin and in the respective washers, is so considerable, as compared with the amount of cast material which may contact through the apertures with the bearing sur- J faces; that the cast material will chill and freeze so quickly that it will not adhere to the bearing surfaces, eve-n though the melting point of the cast material may not be lower than the melting point of the hinge pin, the sleeve, or the washers.

In making hinges having pins not exceeding six inches in length, it may not be necessary to make any provisions for accommodating the shrinking of the material which is cast to form the leaves;

but in hinges having pins of longer lengths, it is desirable if not. necessary to provide cores for crushing at the ends of the pin, or telescoping means interposed between the ends of the pins to permit a. shrinking of the cast material, as illustrated in the modified pin, sleeve and washer unit 3! shown in Fig. 7.

In hinges having pins from six inches to some twelve inches in length, mushroom head-ed cores 32 may be used at the ends of the hinge pin, which will crush when the cast. material shrinks; and in hinges having pins with a length of from twelve inches and upwards, the washers may be spaced slightly from the ends of the sleeve and the pin may be made in two slightly spaced sections with a central telescoping pin and socket connection 33 intermediate the ends, which will accommodate the shrinking of the cast material; as illustrated in Fig. '7.

The invention has been described more particularly with reference to hinges having all the parts made of metal, and the hinge pin will usually be made of steel. Steel tubing and steel washers of proper thickness are preferably used when the leaves are cast of grey or malleable iron or steel. Copper, brass or bronze washers, however,

are preferably used when the leaves are cast of non-ferrous materials, such as hard rubber, glass, bakelite and the like.

It is also desirable to carbonize or coat the sleeve, pin, and washer unit with shellac, soapstone, or the like, to produce a tight fit when the leaves are cast upon the unit.

I claim:

1. A structure for a hinge and the like, including a pin, a sleeve rotatably located on the pin, the pin being longer than the sleeve and. having ends extending beyond the opposite ends of the sleeve, pairs of abutting washers provided with central apertures rotatably fitting on the pin, each pair being located at one end of the sleeve and one of the Washers of each pair abutting the adjacent end of the sleeve, one piece leaves, one leaf engaging the sleeve and the washers abutting the ends thereof, and the other leaf engaging the outer ends of the pin and the other washers.

2. A structure for a hinge and the like, including a pin, a sleeve rotatably located on the pin, the pin being longer than the sleeve and having ends extending beyond the opposite ends of the sleeve, pairs of abutting washers provided with central apertures rotatably fitting on the pin, each pair being located at one end of the sleeve and one of the washers of each pair abutting the adjacent end of the sleeve, one piece leaves, one leaf engaging the sleeve and the washers abutting the ends thereof, and the other leaf engaging the outer ends of the pin and the other washers, the pin, sleeve, and washers being of metal, and the one piece leaves being of metal having a lower melting point than the metal of the pin, sleeve, and washers.

3. A structure for a hinge and the like, including a pin having end faces oblique to the longitudinal axis of the pin, a sleeve rotatably located on the pin, the pin being longer than the sleeve and having ends extending beyond the opposite ends of the sleeve, pairs of abutting washers provided with central apertures rotatably fitting on the pin, each pair being located at one end of the sleeve and one of the washers of each pair abutting the adjacent end of the sleeve, one piece leaves, one leaf engaging the sleeve and the washers abutting the ends thereof, and the other leaf engaging the outer ends of the pin and the other washers.

4. A structure for a hinge and the like, including a pin, a sleeve rotatably located on the pin, the pin being longer than the sleeve and having ends extending beyond the opposite ends of the sleeve, pairs of abutting washers provided with central apertures rotatably fitting on the pin, each pair being located at one end of the sleeve and one of the washers of each pair abutting the adjacent end of the sleeve, the sleeve and washers having apertures formed therein, one piece leaves, one leaf engaging the sleeve and the washers abutting the ends thereof, and the other leaf engaging the outer ends of the pin and the other washers.

5. A structure for a hinge and the like, including a pin having end faces oblique to the longitudinal axis of the pin, a sleeve rotatably located on the pin, the pin being longer than the sleeve and having ends extending beyond the opposite ends of the sleeve, pairs of abutting washers provided with central aperture rotatably fitting on the pin, each pair being located at one end of the sleeve and one of the washers of each pair abutting the adjacent end of the sleeve, the

sleeve and washers having apertures formed therein, one piece leaves, one leaf engaging the sleeve and the washers abutting the ends thereof, and the other leaf engaging the outer ends of the pin'and the other washers.

6. A hinged structure comprising a pin, washers in contiguous pairs upon said pin, and slidable axially of said pin during shrinkage of cast material thereon, a sleeve upon said pin between the inner of said washers, a cast body upon said sleeve and inner washers comprising with said sleeve and their washers a unitary knuckle, cast end bodies upon the respective ends of said pin and the outer of said washers comprising with said washers and pin a unitary structure revoluble with respect to said knuckle.

7. A hinged structure comprising circular bearings mounted in pairs, said pairs being axially disposed, a sleeve-and-pin whereon said pairs are mounted, said sleeve being rotatable on said pin, 1;

one bearing of each pair being secured to the sleeve, the other bearing of each pair being secured to the pin, cast material surrounding said bearings and sleeve-and-pin, said material being separated at axial intervals into relatively- :I

rotatable bodies, said cast material uniting rigidly one bearing of each pair to the sleeve and the other bearing of each pair to the pin.

8. A hinged structure comprising circular bearings mounted in pairs, said pairs being axially disposed, a sleeve-and-pin whereon said pairs are mounted,- said sleeve being rotatable on said pin, one bearing of each pair being secured to the sleeve, the other bearing of each pair being secured to the pin, cast material surrounding said :1

bearings and sleeve-and-pin, said material being separated at axial intervals into relatively-movable bodies, said cast material uniting rigidly one bearing of each pair to the sleeve and the other bearing of each pair to the pin, and means for shortening the distance between the pairs in conformity to shrinkage of the surrounding metal.

9. A hinged structure comprising a knuckle revoluble between axially spaced caps, said structure comprising a sleeve and a continuous body of metal surrounding said sleeve and bound thereto by contracting stress within said metal, a pin of greater length than the sleeve and extending beyond each end of the sleeve, said caps comprising each a continuous body of metal bound upon the extensions by contracting stress within said metal, and thrust bearing members between said knuckle and said caps, said thrust bearing members being opposed in pairs and one of each pair being secured to the sleeve by the metal .3.

of the knuckle, and the other of each pair being secured to the pin by the metal of the cap.

10. A hinged structure comprising in combina tion a pin and a sleeve revoluble upon the intermediate portion of said pin, means conjoint with said pin for permitting reduction in the length of said pin under axial pressure due to shrinkage of molten metal thereon, members at the ends of said sleeve disposed laterally thereto, means for permitting a shortening in the axial distance between said lateral members due to shrinking of molten metal thereon, other members disposed laterally with respect to said pin and bearing facially upon the faces of said first-named lateral members, end caps on said pin joining said pin and second-named lateral members into an integral construction, a body of material upon said sleeve forming said sleeve and said first-named lateral members into an integral structure.

JAMES F. HINES.