US2075140A - Tilting oscillator and modulator - Google Patents

Tilting oscillator and modulator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2075140A
US2075140A US612676A US61267632A US2075140A US 2075140 A US2075140 A US 2075140A US 612676 A US612676 A US 612676A US 61267632 A US61267632 A US 61267632A US 2075140 A US2075140 A US 2075140A
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Prior art keywords
electrode
condenser
source
tube
grid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US612676A
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English (en)
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Schlesinger Kurt
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
    • H03K4/06—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
    • H03K4/08—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape
    • H03K4/10—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only
    • H03K4/12—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
    • H03K4/06—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
    • H03K4/08—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape
    • H03K4/86—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements gas-filled tubes or spark-gaps

Definitions

  • tilting potential In which either the rise in potential or the drop in potential requires to be as linear as possible.
  • tilting apparatus of this nature are necessary for the purpose of time deflection in connection with cathoderay oscillographs. The same have also been found to be necessary in various television processes operating with Braun tubes.
  • a condenser is charged through the medium of a saturated ionic valve, i. e., a tungsten cathode tube.
  • the increase in potential at this condenser accordingly takes place in linear fashion with the time, and-so far as the operating potential selected is suificiently high--is independent of the particular potential prevailing at the condenser.
  • a discharge tube usually a glow tube, which lights when a certain potential (ignition potential) is reached, and discharges the condenser up to the extent of a certain remnant charge, which corresponds with the socalled extinguishing potential.
  • a certain potential ignition potential
  • extinguishing potential a certain remnant charge
  • the condenser is charged through the medium of a discharge tube, preferably a high-vacuum tube, the charge carriers of which, preferably, therefore, electrons, are imparted by special means a particular preacceleration.
  • a preliminary grid which is situated in front of the anode and screens the same and conveniently is so dimensioned that the anode potential is able to pass only to little extent through the same (very small reciprocal of the amplification factor) and which is connected with a suificiently high positive d-c potential, so that the anode current passing through the grid is not afiected, or only to very small extent, by the potential of the anode.
  • a highly emissive cathode for example a barium cathode, which does not reveal a decided saturation effect.
  • this cathode does not require to be heated by a constant direct current, but in exactly the same manner as the charging potential may be produced by a main-line connection apparatus, and may, for example, be a pure a-c potential.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simple relaxation oscillation generator including a charging tube furnished with an auxiliary grid according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a relaxation oscillation generator including a charging tube in which, according to an additional subject matter of the invention, there is provided a further grid, which allows frequency adjustment within a wide range. Furthermore, Fig. 2 shows how filter elements may be arranged in a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows an arrangement for modulating, in accordance with light intensities to be reproduced, the scanning rate of a light spot on the luminous screen of a Braun tube, including a charging tube devised and connected according to the invention.
  • l is the discharge tube having the cathode 2, which accordingly may be a modern eificient cathode, for example a highly emissive cathode produced according to the barium vapour process, and which is heated indirectly by the filament 3, which receives the necessary heating current from an a-c main through the medium of a transformer 4.
  • a resistance 1 of approximately 1 megohm in the screening grid line prevents an excessive increase of this current (for instance, a maximum of 1 milliampere is permitted).
  • the latter has the object of compensating any fluctuations in the tilting frequency by synchronously occurring voltage impulses, which cause the ignition potential of the valve 12 to be reached at a certain time. Immediately the ignition potential of the tube l2 has been reached, the ignition occurs in a leaking of! of the charge of the condenser 8 to the extent of its extinguishing potential. The charging operation then commences anew.
  • the tilting operation is influenced by the inclusion of an additional electrode, for instance, a grid.
  • an additional electrode for instance, a grid.
  • the emission may be controlled throughout within the range of a few volts of the grid potential of this grid. It is accordingly possible, by regulation of the grid potential, to vary the frequency of the generated tilting oscillations within very wide limits.
  • Fig. 2 A connection of this nature is illustrated in Fig. 2. In the latter the same designations have been employed as in Fig. 1 in respect of similar elements.
  • I4 is a special control grid, which receives a regulable d-c bias from a battery l5 through the medium of a potentiometer arrangement Hi, this bias permitting of regulation of the tilting frequency.
  • auxiliary electrode M For particular purposes it is necessary to modulate the tilting frequency in a manner dependent on some other operation. For this purpose it is also convenient to employ a special auxiliary electrode M.
  • the rate of scanning is varied, viz., dependent on certain properties of the image element to be transmitted, for example its intensity.
  • Fig. 3 An arrangement in which a modulation of the line frequency is required is shown in Fig. 3.
  • I! is a film, which is assumed to be capable of being advanced line-by-line in a direction vertical to the plane of the drawing.
  • On this film there is reproduced through the medium of a lens l8 the fluorescent spot moving over the screen IQ of a cathode ray tube 20.
  • This cathode ray tube possesses a cathode 2
  • Behind the film ll there may be provided a matte screen 25, so that the ray of light passing diffusely through the same is controlled by a light-responsive cell 26.
  • the cell current is amplified by an amplifier 21, and controls the H of the charging tube of the tilting apparatus, through the medium of which there is charged the condenser B situated in parallel with the pair of deflecting plates 24.
  • a glow tube l2 In parallel with the condenser 8 there is situated, as in the case of Figs. 1 and 2, a glow tube l2, possibly in series connection with the synchronising potential l3.
  • the ignition potential of the glow lamp has been reached there occurs the discharge of the condenser down to the extent of reaching the extinguishing potential, whereby the scanning of the lines commences anew.
  • On the screen IQ of the tube 20 there accordingly appears the same image as scanned on the film 11, via, as a positive or a negative in accordance with the polarity.
  • the remaining parts of the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 3 have been furnished with the same reference characters as the corresponding parts in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • a particular advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is to be regarded in the fact that when employing main-line connection apparatus as compared with the previous tilting apparatus operating with saturation tubes highfrequency disturbances of the main line and any main lines receivers connected therewith are avoided.
  • the tilting curve con tains all of the higher harmonics of the fundamental oscillation, viz., in a particularly slowly fading amplitude, so that broadcasting and other receivers are frequently greatly disturbed.
  • the tilting apparatus heretofore employed have accordingly required to be made free of disturbances by the inclusion of impedances in the lines proceeding from the charging apparatus.
  • the avoidance of disturbances is effected in positive fashion by the screening effect of the screening grid, the more so if when employing main-line connection apparatus there are provided in the anode line the filter chains which are required in any case.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode, and an auxiliary grid electrode, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, and a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode, and an auxiliary grid electrode, constructed in the form of a screening grid, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, and a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode, and an auxiliary grid electrode constructed in the form of a screening grid, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge CROSS REFERENC space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, said auxiliary grid screening the electrodes connected to said condenser, and a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having a highly emissive barium cathode, anode, and an auxiliary grid electrode, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal oi said source through the discharge space of said charging tube, and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, and a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having a highly emissive barium cathode, anode and an auxiliary grid electrode, means for indirectly heating said cathode, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, and a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode and auxiliary grid, and a preliminary grid, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode 01' said discharge tube, a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source, and means to apply a direct current bias to said preliminary rid.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode, an auxiliary grid, and a preliminary grid, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source, and means for applying a variable direct current bias to said preliminary grid.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode, an auxiliary grid, and a preliminary grid, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other QiAtilNER electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source, means to apply a direct current bias to said preliminary grid, and means to apply an alternating control potential to said grid.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode, and an auxiliary grid electrode, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source, and a filter comprising condenser and resistance elements connected between said source and the two connections to said charging tube.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode, and an auxiliary grid electrode constructed in the form of a screening grid, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, said auxiliary grid 40 screening the electrodes connected to said concathode, anode, and an auxiliary grid electrode, means including an alternating current source of any kind for indirectly heating said cathode, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, and a high o
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode, and an auxiliary grid electrode, and a discharge tube, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to the one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, said auxiliary grid being connected to a positive terminal of a source.
  • a device for producing relaxation oscillations of straight line wave form modulated in accordance with light intensities to be reproduced comprising a direct current source, a condenser, a thermionic charging tube having cathode, anode, an auxiliary grid and a preliminary grid, and a discharge tube having electrodes, the one electrode of said condenser being connected to the one terminal of said source and to one electrode of said discharge tube, the other electrode of said condenser connected to the other terminal of said source through the discharge space of said charging tube and to the other electrode of said discharge tube, a high ohmic resistance connecting said auxiliary grid to the positive terminal of said source, and means to apply to said preliminary grid potentials modulated according to the light intensities to be reproduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
US612676A 1931-05-21 1932-05-21 Tilting oscillator and modulator Expired - Lifetime US2075140A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1931SC094248 DE693511C (de) 1931-05-21 1931-05-21 Anordnung zur Erzeugung geradlinig ansteigender bzw. abfallender Kippspannungen mittels Aufladung eines Kondensators ueber eine gittergesteuerte Laderoehre
DE1932R0085430 DE701421C (de) 1931-05-21 1932-07-16 Kippgeraet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2075140A true US2075140A (en) 1937-03-30

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ID=32045519

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US612676A Expired - Lifetime US2075140A (en) 1931-05-21 1932-05-21 Tilting oscillator and modulator
US679866A Expired - Lifetime US2053536A (en) 1931-05-21 1933-07-11 Tilting apparatus
US58952A Expired - Lifetime US2129036A (en) 1931-05-21 1936-01-13 Tilting apparatus

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US679866A Expired - Lifetime US2053536A (en) 1931-05-21 1933-07-11 Tilting apparatus
US58952A Expired - Lifetime US2129036A (en) 1931-05-21 1936-01-13 Tilting apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (3) US2075140A (fr)
DE (2) DE693511C (fr)
FR (2) FR737988A (fr)
GB (3) GB394476A (fr)
NL (3) NL42659C (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2426245A (en) * 1943-10-09 1947-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Time and distance measuring system
US2428926A (en) * 1943-06-04 1947-10-14 Rca Corp Modified sweep circuit for cathoderay tubes
US2441246A (en) * 1943-11-02 1948-05-11 Rca Corp Modified sweep circuit
US2453203A (en) * 1943-06-19 1948-11-09 Ibm Variable frequency relaxation oscillator
US2489312A (en) * 1944-01-04 1949-11-29 Us Sec War Oscilloscope sweep circuit
US2523328A (en) * 1948-06-30 1950-09-26 Gen Electric Cathode-ray mapping system
US2532503A (en) * 1944-04-24 1950-12-05 Joseph W Kennedy Electronic counting circuits
US2540016A (en) * 1948-03-17 1951-01-30 Philco Corp Electrical system
US2576339A (en) * 1945-04-03 1951-11-27 John W Gray Variable rate sweep voltage generator
US2701850A (en) * 1951-02-02 1955-02-08 Philco Corp Automatic focus control for cathoderay tubes
US2705901A (en) * 1946-01-15 1955-04-12 Chalmers W Sherwin Oscillographic integrator
US2734137A (en) * 1950-10-04 1956-02-07 patterson

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2522957A (en) * 1942-06-27 1950-09-19 Rca Corp Triangular signal generator
GB565099A (en) * 1943-03-17 1944-10-26 Bertram Morton Hadfield Improvements in or relating to alternating current generators whose frequency is proportional to and controlled by a direct current
US2441577A (en) * 1943-04-17 1948-05-18 Katzin Martin Automatic volume control means
US2423620A (en) * 1943-10-29 1947-07-08 Baldwin Locomotive Works Condition responsive apparatus for rotatable members
US2453787A (en) * 1944-05-23 1948-11-16 Jr George W Downs Saw-tooth voltage generator
US2602888A (en) * 1945-09-04 1952-07-08 Cutler Hammer Inc Electronic timer
US2589477A (en) * 1946-03-28 1952-03-18 Rca Corp Oscillation generator system
US2735011A (en) * 1951-02-01 1956-02-14 Oscillating circuit
US3281717A (en) * 1961-06-23 1966-10-25 Royson Engineering Company Pulse generator having repetition rate linearly responsive to trigger signal amplitude
US3219945A (en) * 1963-04-22 1965-11-23 Ampex Voltage controlled variable frequency relaxation oscillator
US3241086A (en) * 1963-10-23 1966-03-15 Itt Wide-frequency-range sweep generator
US3532968A (en) * 1967-08-08 1970-10-06 Warwick Electronics Inc Visual battery condition indicator with relaxation oscillator and variable impedance means

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428926A (en) * 1943-06-04 1947-10-14 Rca Corp Modified sweep circuit for cathoderay tubes
US2453203A (en) * 1943-06-19 1948-11-09 Ibm Variable frequency relaxation oscillator
US2426245A (en) * 1943-10-09 1947-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Time and distance measuring system
US2441246A (en) * 1943-11-02 1948-05-11 Rca Corp Modified sweep circuit
US2489312A (en) * 1944-01-04 1949-11-29 Us Sec War Oscilloscope sweep circuit
US2532503A (en) * 1944-04-24 1950-12-05 Joseph W Kennedy Electronic counting circuits
US2576339A (en) * 1945-04-03 1951-11-27 John W Gray Variable rate sweep voltage generator
US2705901A (en) * 1946-01-15 1955-04-12 Chalmers W Sherwin Oscillographic integrator
US2540016A (en) * 1948-03-17 1951-01-30 Philco Corp Electrical system
US2523328A (en) * 1948-06-30 1950-09-26 Gen Electric Cathode-ray mapping system
US2734137A (en) * 1950-10-04 1956-02-07 patterson
US2701850A (en) * 1951-02-02 1955-02-08 Philco Corp Automatic focus control for cathoderay tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL65992B (fr)
US2053536A (en) 1936-09-08
DE693511C (de) 1940-07-12
US2129036A (en) 1938-09-06
NL42659C (fr) 1938-03-15
FR758478A (fr) 1934-01-18
NL40391C (fr) 1937-04-15
GB424490A (en) 1935-02-14
FR737988A (fr) 1932-12-17
GB427168A (en) 1935-04-15
DE701421C (de) 1941-01-16
GB394476A (en) 1933-06-29

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