US2068899A - Calculating machine - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 26, 1937. R. E. ANNEREN ET AL. 2,068,899

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 15, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 w Mm gm A A \fi K @N lNVjNTORS fATfORNEY 1937- R. E. ANNEREN ET AL" CALCULATING-MACHINE Fil'ed NOV. -13, 1953 4 SheEs-Sheet 2 wNTORS M ORNEY Lw a n f /Z/A +l n W? J Z JJ & 4 Y

Jan, 26, 1937. R. E. ANNEREN ET AL CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 13, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Janqze, 937'. R EANNEREN ET A..' 2,068

@ALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 15, 1933 4 She ets -Sheet 4 M Ag 9%? Patented Jan. 26, 1937 UNITED, STATES- CALCULATING MACHINE Roll Erik Anner n and Bengt Carlstrihn, Atvidaberg, Sweden, ,assignors to- Aktiebolaget Facit, Atvidaberg, Sweden, a corporation of Sweden Application November 1:, 1933, Serial No. 697,710

- In Germany March 30, 1933 16 Claims. (01. 235-79) This invention refers to calculating machines of the key-board-type. The invention may, for instance, be applied to the so called pin-wheel or Odhner-machines and also to the Thomasmachines, Baldwin-machines etc.

A chief object of this invention is to provide for a simple and eflicient rapid-acting coupling between a driving motor and the rotary mechanism carrying out the calculating operations.

Said. rotary mechanism 'or actuator is generally identical with the setting members or secured to them but separate setting members are sometimes used. A further object of the invention is to make it possible to operate the machine safe- 5 ly and efliciently at a'high speed. s

A further object of the invention is to render it possible to operate the machine bothas a multiplying machine and as an adding machine at a high velocityin both cases.

A further object of this invention is to adapt the machine for addition-subtraction and for multiplication-division, respectively, by adjusta ing one single member.

A further object of this invention is to render it possible to have,at the choice of the operator,

the zeroizing either effected automatically after each stroke orrevolution of the machine or effected by hand only after a desired number of strokes or revolutions.

A further object of this invention is to cause" the machine itself to zeroize or-clear the setting .mechanism upon release. I s

A further object of this invention is to render it possible to stop the rotary parts safely from high speeds of operations. l

. Two embodiments of the invention are shown in the annexed. drawings.

Fig. 1 is an end view of the machine from its right side, the end wall carrying'the shafts having been removed, and shows-some parts in section.

Figs." 2-6 are cross-sectional views taken on the lines indicated by the corresponding Roman numbers-in Fig. 1.- t h 5 Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line VII-v11 n Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line VIII-,-VII-I in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line IX-IX in Fig. 5 and shows an end view of the -zeroizing device proper for the'setting device.

Fig. 10 is a detail view of the tens transfer mechanism of the highest digit -of the, results 55 counter or register. a

Fig. 11 is a top view of the machine, some parts being broken away; and

Fig. 12 is a detail view of a modified embodiment.

The machine illustrated is-substantially of the 5 type shown in the U. S. patent application Serial No. 431,872 for Improvements in calculating machines flled by Karl Viktor Rudin on the 27th of February 1930, and also showna'nd described in the German'Patent No. 535,576 and in the 10 U. S. Patent No. 1,927,771, and it is, therefore, not necessary to describe the same here in detail. The machine is of that general'type which is termed Odhner or pin-wheel-machine and has rotor discs provided with teeth slidable in radial 15 or axial direction andadapted to be set by means of a curve slot discor a setting ring. The invention is, however, not limited to that particular type of calculating machines.

Referring now to the drawings, 5 indicates a 20 main operating oractuator supporting shaft rotatably journalled in themachine frame A. On said shaft a carriage 4 is slidably mounted and carries a setting device or actuator comprising a number of pin wheels 4a of the Odhner-type,'as shown in detail in the patents and the patent application cited above. For effecting the calculating operations the main shaft 5 is rotated in either direction or direction, as the case may be).' The pin-wheels are setby means of ten setting keys B, for instance, in the manner. set forth by the patents and the patent applic'a tion just cited.

In addition to said ten setting keys 3 and the tabulator keys C the machine has two (revolu- 5 j tion) keys I and 2 marked ands-w and also a zeroizing key 3 (Figs. 1 and '11). On the front 'side of the machine, that is theside facing the operator, a movable lever 1 is arranged, which is adjustable to two positions, indicated in Fig. 1 by 40 full lines and dash-and-dotiines, r spectively. The lower (full line) position is indicated by addition and subtraction on the casing of the machine, while the upper (dash-and-dot line) position is marked multiplication and divis- 5 the corresponding direction.

In this specification the expressions "front, .back, righ left, upwards and downwards are used as they appear to an operator sitting at the key board of the machine, unless otherwise stated.

An electric motor H drives via a gear K a shaft 8 (Figs. 1 and 11) having a toothed wheel L meshing with a toothed wheel II on a shaft 9 to'drive the latter. Because the motor H; has

only one direction of rotation, the shaft 9 always will rotate in the same direction when the motor contacts 35 are closed. To said shaft 9 two toothed wheels III and II are secured, of which the wheel II directly drives a toothed wheel I2, while the wheel I9 drives a toothed wheel I3 via an intermediate wheel I4, the two toothed wheels I2 and I3 being thus rotated in opposite directions and directions). They are loosely journalled on a shaft I5 on both sides of a coupling arm I6 secured to said shaft. On a pin I8 'to the shaft l5 via wheels 23, 24 (Fig. 1) to a toothed wheel 25 secured to the main operating shaft 5. Consequently, the setting device or actuator 4, "4a is caused to rotate in the corresponding direction. In the drawings the directions of rotation for operations (addition and multiplication) and for operations (subtraction and division) are indicated by arrows marked accordingly.

' To the shaft 9 a curve slot disc or cylinder 26 (Figs. 1 and 5) is also secured whose curve slot is always engaged by a pin 21 on one end of a lever. 29 rotatably journalled on the pin 28, said lever being thus moved with a rocking motion to and fro when the motor H runs. At its other or front end said lever 29 carries a slide 30 pressed downwards bya spring 3| (Figs 1 and 4). The slide 30 is slidably journalled on the lever 29 by means of pins 39a and slots.

On a stationary shaft 33 a triangular member '34 is secured which is rocked by the keys I and 2, if either of them is depressed (Fig. 1). Then,

the-lever 34,,closes the contacts 35 for the electric current) to the motor H and the motor is started, causing the wheels I2 and I3 to be rotated in opposite directions and the slide 36 to be reciprocated or rocked in the axial direction of shaft I5. '11? the key I or 2 is further depressed its projection 9| or 92, respectively, 'willabut against a sliding or push rod 36 or 31, that is,

if the-' tkey I is depressed, the sliding rod 36 is pressed upwards by projection 9I and if the key 2 is depressed the sliding rod 31 is pressed upwards by-projection 92 (see especially Fig; 4)

The rod which is thus lifted enters the path of the reciprocating slide 39 and is moved laterally by the same to the corresponding side. Thus, in Fig. 4 the rod 36 is moved to the left and the rod 31 to theright, is lifted by the keys I, 2. If ,the

' slide 36 should be just above the rod 36 or 31,

when the latter is lifted, said rod will first lift the slide, which is then at the beginning of its next axial stroke pressed down laterally of the lifted rod by the spring 3I and thereafter moves the latter sidewards, as just mentioned. A bent or U-shaped guide member 391s connected with said rods 36, 31 by means of pins 38; sliding in vertical oblong slots in the rods 36, 31, (Figs. 1,

4, 7 and 8). If one of said rods is moved laterally, it will also move the member 39 laterally, accordingly. Said member 39 has-an arcuate portion formed with a slot or opening 49 of the shape shown in Fig. 8 and the outer narrow end I1a of the pawl {I1, during a part of its rotation will enter said slot 46. If said guide member 39 has been moved laterally (Fig. 8) from its normal middle position in the manner just indicated the pawl I1, during its next revolution will be rocked a corresponding distance laterally, that is, in the axial direction in relation to the shaft IE, to thus couple the corresponding toothed wheel I2 or I3 to the shaft 15, as mentioned above (Fig; 6). Thus, the key I originates a rotation, when depressed, and the key 2 a rotation.

The guide member 39 has a springll supported on a'flxed shaft and engaging ears 39a on member 39 (Figs. '7 and 8) for restoring said member to its normal middle position. When the corresponding sliding rod 36 or 31 again is returned to its lowermost position by one of the restoring springs 42 (Fig. 1), when the depressed key I or 2 is released, the member 39 is restored to its normal middle position and returns the pawl I 1 to its normal position at its next notation, by means.

of the guiding slot-40.

Two pull rods 43, 44 are articulately connected with respective locking arms 45, 46 and are pressed upwards by springs 41.

If either of the keys I or.2 is depressed", the

pull rod 43 or 44, .as the case may be, is drawn upwards by the corresponding spring 41 (Figs.

'1 and 4) and-said rod then swings the locking arm 45 or 46, as the case maybe, (Figs. 1, 6 and 8) upwards to engage the notches 45a or 46a in the lower corners of member 39, thus causing the member 39 to be locked by the arm 45 or 46, as the case maybe, in the extreme position of its lateral motion which was originated by the depression of said key. When the key I.or 2 is released again, the rod 43 or 44 is drawn downwards by its pin 48 or 49 (Figs. 1 and 4) engaging the key, so that the locking of the member 39 is released (Fig. 8).

The restoring springs 5| of the keys I, 2 hav to overcome the pull of the springs 41, when the keys are released and forthis reason the springs 5| must be stronger than the springs 41.

When the pawl I1, rocked laterally by the guiding slot 40 of the member 39, continues its rotation said pawl comes out of engagement with said slot but will then be guided on the corre-.

As seen from Fig. 1, said guiding middle position by the guide slot 46 it is disengaged from the projection 26 or 2I, as the case may be, and the shaft I5 and the pin wheels .4

will stop, while the toothed wheels I2 and I3 continue their rotation (running light) until the motor current is broken by the contacts 35.

To look the actuator or pin wheel rotor 4, 4a against rotation on the shaft 5 in its position of I I 2,068,899 rest a disc 52 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) is secured to said shaft 5 and provided with a lateral projection or stud 53 arrestedbetween two pawls 54, 55 in said position of rest. Those pawls are rotatably journalled each on one of the arms 51,. 55 which are swingable on the stationary shaft 55. A tension spring 59 pulls said arms against astationary pin 59a and, when at the end of a rotary motion of the pin wheel rotor. 4, 4a one of the pawls 54 or 55 strikes upon the stud 53 to stop said rotor, the spring 59 absorbs the shock. A spring 60 presses the pawls 54 and 55 to engage the projection 53. I

When upon depression of a key I -or 2 the guide member 39 is moved from its normal position said member via the corresponding pin 38 depresses one end of a lever 5| (Figs. 1, 3 and 4) pivoted at6la, so as to cause the opposite end of said lever to engage the pins 62 secured to the pawls 54, 55 and to lift the latter out of engagement with the stud 53. Thus, the locking of the setting device 4, 4a is released before the.

rotary motion begins.

When thereafter the key I or 2 is released and consequently the corresponding rod 36 or 31 re turns to. its lowermost position, the lever 6! is also released and the pawls 54, 55 are restored by the spring Soto their locking position to stop the pin wheel rotor 4, 4a.

As shown in Fig. 1 the pawls 54, have one front nose or point I50 and one back nose or point I51 each. If the stud 53, in its rotation, should pass by the front or outer nose of the corresponding pawl, before said nose has returned to its locking position, the stud 53 will be engaged by the other (back or inner) nose of the same pawl and will bounce back, thus rendering it possible for the front nose of the same pawl to snap in to engage the stud 53. Consequently, the pin wheel rotor will always'be stopped in its correct position of rest as shown in Fig. 1.

To prevent the motor current from being broken during the rotation of the pin wheel rotor a lever I9 is provided pressed by a'spring 206 to engage a curve, on the disc 52. When the actuator 4, 4a. is oif-normal, said curve will rock the lever l9 to keep the contacts 35 closed via the member 34 until the pin wheel rotor has returned to its position of rest shown in Fig. 1. Then one end of the lever l9'enters a lower part of the curve. of the disc 52 and does not longer prevent a breaking; of the contacts 35.

The coupling members for zeroizingor clear- Ying the setting device are as follows:

The .main operating shaft 9 drives, via the toothedwheel ID, a toothedwheel 63 secured to vashaft 54 (Figs. 1 and 5). .To said shaft a. pro-- eted thereto and on said flange a radially swingjection or tooth-55 is secured. Furthermoraga toothed wheel 55 is loosely journalled on said shaft and provided with a flange 61 (Fig. 5) rivingpawl 66 is journalled on the pin 68a (Fig. 1)

and urged by a tension spring 59 toward the tooth 65 Said pawl is, however, normally kept out of engagementwith the tooth 65 by a lever d. r point Illa of said lever 15 toengage 9;

curve disc 13 (Figs. 1 and 5) secured on a shaft 70 ing-,with'the toothed wheel 55.

14 which also carriesa toothed wheel 15 mesh- If the zeroizing key 3 is actuated, for instance,

by hand, the back end'of said'key will engage a ;pin 16 secured to the lever III to rock said lever out of engagement with the pawl 58. Said lever 'will simultaneously depress the pin 8| secured The wheel 56 will consequently drive the toothed wheel 15 until the pawl 58, after one revolution of the shaft 14,, is again disengaged by the lever 10, which meanwhile has been restored to its 1 normal position by point 15a moving into the depression in disc 13. Thus, also the lever 34 is freed and the motor current is broken by the contacts 35. During the rotation of the wheel 15 thus brought about the setting device or actuator is zeroized as'followsz- The shaft 14 (Figs. 1, 5 and 9) is also provided with a curve disc'or cam 11. A roller 19 on a lever 18 engages said disc, and when the latter is rotated the lever 18 will be rocked as indicated in dash-and-dot lines in Fig. 9. A pull rod 35 articulately connected with the lever 18 will actuate zeroizing members of any well-known or suitable construction when said lever' is rocked. Thus, the other end of the lever 80 may be articulately connected, for instance, with the arm 23 or the zeroizing lever 32 of the'setti'ng device as shown in the U. S. Patent No. 1,927,771,

Thus, the setting device (the pin wheels) is restored to its zero position and the pin wheel rotor slides back to its position of rest, as described in man Patent No. 535,576).

Each time the key 3 in Fig. 1 is actuated the setting device or actuator will consequently be zeroized.

In the very beginning of the rotation of the wheel 15 the point 10a of the lever. 10 will ride up on a higher part of the curve disc 13, thus preventing the lever 10 from being restored to that position in which-it disengages the pawl 68, before the curve disc I3 has completed one full revolution. Consequently, the end 10b of the lever 15 engaging the pin 8| or the lever 34 keeps the latter depressed and the contacts 35 closed until the zeroizing procedure is completed. In the embodiment shown the toothed wheel 56 has only half of the number of teeth ,disc 13 to effect a complete .zeroizing of the set- .ting device 4, 4a.

The zeroizing operation effected by the motor device 4, 4a should be automatically zeroized after each stroke or revolution of the machine. For this purpose the following device is provided:

To the adjustable lever I mentioned above-a pin 52 is secured (Figs. 1 and 2) which in the lowermost position (addition, subtraction) of said lever I engages a' point or nose 83a of the lever 83, the latter being rotatable on a pin 84 secured :to the "zeroizing key 3. If either of the keys I and 2 is depressed the disc 52 will rotate, as described above, and two pawls 55, 85 rotatably joiirnalled thereon will then strikethe point 83b of the lever 83. Springs 51 normally press said pawls against pins 35, 83 (Fig. 1). 52 rotates, for instance, in the direction in Fig. 1 (counter-clock-Wise') the pawl 55 will first If the disc upon manipulation of the key 3- by hand is the zeroizing necessary for multiplication and division. For addition and subtraction the setting strike on the point 831) but said pawl will be rocked aside and stress the corresponding spring 81 which will afterwards restore it to engage the pin 88. At the end oi?- this rotary motion of the disc 52, when the calculating operation (addition) brought about by the rotation of the pin wheels 4 has been transferred to the results counters, the pawl 86 strikes the point 831). The pin 88 prevents said pawlfrom being rocked aside, thus causing said pawl to swing the upper end 83b of the lever 83 aside. point 83a engages the pin 82 the lever 83' will then fulcrum on the pin 82 and the lower end thereof swings and moves the zeroizing key 3 inwards to cause a-zeroizing operation automatically, as described above.

If, on the contrary, said disc 52 rotates in the direction (clockwise in Fig. l) the pawl 85, in a similar manner, swings the lever 83 automatically to initiate thezeroizing operation, after the pin wheel rotor 4, 4a has completed its sub- After each stroke or revolution of the machine tractive operation in the results counter D.

Because such automatic release of a zeroizlng operation might not begin, until after the calculating operation is completed and the pin wheel rotor 4, 4a thus is near'the end of its rotary motion, the pawls 54, 55' have only a very short time for snapping in to stop said rotor. The double points of said ratchets and the bouncing operation effected thereby is then very, important to arrest the rotor in due time and thus to prevent miscalculations and faults.

As is shown in Figs. 1 and 4, the lower ends of the rods 36,31 are slidable in a release slide" 88, engaged by a projection 3a of the zeroizing key 3. When said key 3 is moved backwards, that, is to the right in Fig; 1, to initiate the zeroizing operation, the slide 98 and consequently also the lower ends of the rods 38,. 31 will be pushed backwards and disengaged from the projectionsSI, 92 of the keys I, 2. Consequently, even if either of the revolutions keys I, 2 should be kept depressed, after the key 3 has been actuated, the springs 42- will draw the corresponding rod 36 or 31 downwards, because. the lower end of said rod will then pass laterally of the projection Si or 82 of the key I or 2, as the case may be. Simultaneously the pm 9811 secured to an extension of the slide 88 will strike against one end of the locking arm 45 or 48 if the same is in locking position, thus unlocking the member 38, so that the actuator 4, to. may be disconnected from the motor H, as described above and be stopped and locked in its position of rest by the spring-actuated pawls 54, 55.

in adding or subtracting.operations the setting and actuating device is consequently automatically zeroized and. even if either .of the keys I or 2 is kept. depressed said device willbe stopped in its positon of rest (home position). and locked therein after every stroke of the machine; that is, every time an item has been added 33 withdraws the lever 83 from the path-of the 'pawls 15, as and the; imam 1, 4a. will not be zeroized until the zeroizing key 3 is manipulated by hand. In this case the actuator 4, 4a also rod .38 or 31. as the case may be. in its uppermost Because said be, is released or the key 3 actuated. For multiplication and division several revolutions of the pin wheel rotor 4, 4a (for each digit) are generally necessary and this is consequently attained in the most rapid and simple manner.

The slide 98 is further provided with a projection 98a engaged by a pin 94. secured to a lever 95 rotatable on the shaft II (Figs. 1, 5 and 6). The opposite end of said lever engagesa curve 96 on the shaft 14 and thus prevents the release slide 98 from returning to its position of rest under the action of the. spring 91, until the zeroizing of the pin wheel rotor 4, 4a is completed. Consequently, said pin wheel rotor will remain in its position ,of rest locked against rotation, until the pin wheels arecompletely zeroized.

Fig. shows the last (highest) tens transfers pawl or hammer I 88 of the results counter D, that is the tens transfers pawl for the figure or counting wheel I8I of the highest digit of said counter. If in operations of division the capacity of the results counter is exceeded, that is, if the pawl I88 is rocked .and the figure wheels of at least the highest digits'of said counter show the number 9", said pawl simultaneously lifts one end I52 of a double or bell crank lever I82 (Figs. 1, 5 and 10) upwards. The other end I53 of said lever will swing the. lever I84 rotatable on the pin I83 and the opposite end of said lever will then strike against a pin I85 on the release slide 98 to push the latter backwards, that is, to the right in- Fig. 1. In the manner described above the rod 38 or 31 is then released from the projection 91 or 92 and the motor H is disconnected from the actuator 4, 4a. Consequently, if the capacity of the results counter D is exceeded in divisional operations, the machine is automatically stopped. By depressing the key I the actuator is then rotated one revolution in the opposite direction (that is, in the direction) and by means of the tabulator keys C the pin wheel also very important to secure a rapid and correct action instopping the rotation of the actuator upon the automatic release of the zeroizing operation from the lasttens transfers pawl I88 of theresultscounter D because also in this case ,the release may be effected immediately before the completion of a revolution of the pin wheel rotor, because the tens transfer is often effected immediately before the calculating operation is completed. I

The following may be mentioned about 'the speeds of rotation of the toothed wheels and shafts:

In the embodiment shown the driving shaft 9 with the toothed wheels I8 and II has the same speed of rotation,-that is, number of revolutions,

' as the wheels I2, I3 and 83, and foreach revolution of the shaft 9 the pin wheels 4a will rotate one revolution; In addition and subtraction operations the actuator 4, 4a will first complete one/revolution and thereafter the shaft 84 will make two revolutions for the automatic zeroizing.

The additionor shbtraction of an item will thus require three times the time necessary for one revolution of the pin wheels in operations of multiplication and division. Butif the machine a common spring 601).

is well and correctly constructed the total time for adding or subtracting an item is very short and about as long as the corresponding time for the same operation in the common adding machines. I

For adjusting the machine from addition-subtraction to multiplication-division, and vice versa, only a short displacement of the lever l is necessary. It is'however, to be observed that it is not necessary for the shaft 64 to make two revolutions for a zeroizing operation, but such operation may be effected by one or, for instance, three revolutions of said shaft. It is only the permissible maximum strains of the material that are decisive for the maximum speed of said shaft and of the whole zeroizing operation.

It is evident that the latching and locking devices generally used in calculating machines may be used in the machine in accordance with this invention, for instance, interlocking means for preventing simultaneous depression of the two keys 'I and 2 or for preventing the zeroizing key from being actuated during the rotation of the pin wheels etc. Such devices are well-known in the art. The machine and the zeroizing members may be of any other suitable construction different from those described in the U. S. Patent No.'1,927,'771 and the U. S. patent application Serial No. 431,872 German Patent No. 535,576.

In the modified embodiment shown in Fig. 12, four pawls 54a, 54b, 55a, 55b are substituted for the double pointed pawls 54, 55 of Fig. 1, that is,

each double pointed pawl is replaced by one long pawl 54a. or 55a and one short pawl 541) or 55b,

each having only one point as usual. The pawls 54a and 54b are, preferably, journalled on the same pin, 2!", and the pawls 55a and 55b on the same pin 202 and are independent of each other. The long pawls 54a, 55a are actuated by a common spring 60a and the short pawls 541),.551) by In other respects this embodiment is similar to that shown in Fig. 1 and corresponding parts carry the same reference characters. When said pawls 54a, 54b, 55a, 55?) are released by the lever 6| acting on the pins 66 they are all four lifted. simultaneously.

' In certain cases such independent pawls are preferred to the double pointed pawls.

scribed but not claimed herein,-is claimed in our copendlng divisional application Serial No. 103,261.

1. In a calculating machine having a unidirec-r tional motor, anactuator adapted-to be rotated in either direction and a shaftpperative torotate said actuator; a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, zeroizing mechanism for said actuatpr, a pair of pawls on said actuator, stops on said actuator for said pawls, resilient means engaging said pawls against said stops, and an adjustable member movable into the path of said pawlasaid member being movable by said pawls to render said zeroizing mechanism operative. I

2. Ina'calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an. actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, zeroizing mechanism for said actuator, a second releasable transmission between said motor and said zeroizing mechanism, a pair of pawls on said actuator, stops on said actuator for said pawls, resilient means urging, said pawls against saidstops, and a. member operatively connected with said second transmission and adjustable into and out of the path of said pawls.

3. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be retated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, .zeroizing mechanism for said actuator, a pair of pawls on said actuator, an operating lever connected to said zeroizing mechanism, a movable fulcrum for said lever, and means for moving said fulcrum to move said lever into and out of the path of said pa'wls..

4. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction, and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; two gears loosely journalled on said shaft and rotated in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said gears, a pawl mounted for rotation with said shaft between said gears, said pawl being pivotally mountedon said shaft so as to move into and out of the paths of said projections, means including rods movable for pivoting said pawl, keys for moving said rods, zeroizing mechanism for said actuator, an engageable and releasable coupling between said motor and said zeroizing mechanism, and means for moving said rods to disengage said pawl from said projections when-said coupling is engaged.

5. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction, and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; two gears loosely journalled on said shaft and rotated in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said gears, a pawl mounted for rotation with said shaft between said gears, said pawl being pivotally mounted on said shaft so as to move into and out of the paths of said projections, means including rods movable for pivoting said pawl, keys for moving said rods, zeroizing mechanism for said actuator, an engageable and releasable coupling between said motor and .said zeroizing mechanismjand a slidably mounted member for moving said rods to disengage said pawl from said projections when said coupling is engaged.

6. In a calculating machine having a unidi rectional motor, an actuatoradapted to be rotated in either direction, and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; two gears loosely journalled on said shaft and rotated in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said gears, a pawl mounted for rotation with said shaft between said gears, said pawl being pivotally mounted on said shaft so as to move into and out of the paths of said projections, means including rods movable for pivoting said pawl, keys for moving said rods, zeroizingmechanisin for said actuator,

eratively connected to said key and said rods for moving said rods to disengage said pawl from said projections when said key is actuated.

7. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction, and a shaft operative to rotate said 'actuator; a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft including a coupling and reversingpawl, means including rods movable to move said pawl, a slidable member permanently in engagement with said rods; numeral wheels, arranged to be actuated by said actuator, and tens transfer pawls for said numeral wheels-the tens transfer pawl for the highest digit of said numeral wheel being connected with said slidable member, whereby actuation of the last mentioned pawl causes said slidable member to move said rods to actuate said coupling and reversing pawl to release said transmission.

8. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction, and a shaft operative torotate said actuator; a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft including a coupling and reversing pawl, an arcuate member displaceable for moving said pawl, rods movable to displacesaid arcuate member, a slidable member permanently in engagement with said rods, zeroizing mechanism for said actuator, a key movable to initiate operation of said zeroizing mechanism and to engage said slidable member, and locking means for said arcuate member, said locking means being releasable by said slidable member.

9. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator having a normal position of rest and adapted to be rotated in either direction, anda shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a starting and stopping switch for said motor, a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, a cam disc secured to said shaft, and a cam lever permanently engaging said disc and operable to main-- 'tain saidswitch closed so long as said actuator is out of its normal position of rest.

10. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted 'to be rotated in either direction, and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a starting and stopping switch for said motor, a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, zeroizing mechanism for said actuator, a releasable coupling between said motor and said zeroizing mechanism, means for engaging said coupling, means for maintaining said switch closed during engagement of said coupling, and means for maintaining said transmission released during engagement of saidcoupling.

11. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted. to be rotated in either direction and 'a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, zeroizing mechanism for saidactuator, a releasable coupling between said motor and said zeroizing mechanism, 'means for engaging said coupling, an electric switch for ,startingand stopping said motor,'a camdisc driven by said coupling, a cam lever permanently in engagement operable to maintain said switch closed during engagement .of said coupling, and means for maintaining said transmission released during engagement of said coupling.

' l2. Ina calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be retated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, said actuator including a shaft, a carriage axially movable on the actuator shaft, rotary actuating elements on said carriage and a disc having a projection. thereon secured to said actuator shaft, a pair of pivotally mounted arms, a spring'between said arms, and a ratchet member mounted on each of said arms and arranged to engage and release said projection.

13. In a calculating machine having a unidi-.

rectional electric motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction, a shaft operative to rotate said actuator, two gears loosely journalled on said shaft and rotated in opposite directions by said motor, projections on. said gears, a pawl mounted for rotation with said shaft between said gears, said pawls being pivotally mounted on said shaft so as to move into and out of the paths of said projections, a slotted member movable for pivoting said pawl, keys for moving said slottedmember, a zeroizing mechanism for said actuator, an engageable and releasable coupling between said motor and said zeroizing" mechanism, means for moving said slotted member to disengage said pawls from said projections when said coupling is engaged, and

positive means for maintaining said switch closed a zeroizing mechanism for said actuator, a re leasable coupling between said motor and said zeroizing mechanism, means for engaging said coupling, and positively controlled means for maintaining said switchclosed during engagement of said coupling.

I15. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an'actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction, a zeroizing mechanism for said actuator, a releasable coupling between said motor and said zeroizing mechanism, an electric switch for starting and stopping said motor, a cam disc driven by said coupling, and a cam lever permanently in engagement with said cam disc and operatively connected to said switch, said cam disc and cam lever being operable to maintain said switch closed during engagement of said coupling.

16. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator having a normal pling between said motor and said zeroizing mechanism, a. rockable member engaging said switch to actuate and release the same, a cam disc secured to said shaft, another cam disc driven by said coupling, and cam levers perma.

nently engaging said discs and said rockablemember and operable to maintain said switch closed so long as either said actuator or said coupling is actuated.

' ROLF ERIKANNEREN. 'BENGT CARLSTRfiM.

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