US2068174A - Hair waving method - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 19, 1937. P. G. GAIRE HAIR WAVING METHOD Filed July 16, 1934 Paul 5. Gail-'2 Patented Jan. 19, 1937 a wavme ivmron Paul Gustave iiiaire, New York, N. Y. a plication July 1c, 1934, Serial No. 735,499

method used in connection with hair treating and particularly hair waving or curling, wherein the hair, properly wound on the spindle, is,

placed in a particular cover after being enveloped or partially enveloped in a heat generating element by which the necessary heat to fix the hair is produced.

The improved method consists in enclosing the curled hair in a pad containing heat liberating chemicals, with the pad including a completely impervious envelope in which an opening is formed to permit water to be admitted to said chemicals after the pad has been applied to the hair.

The method further provides for a particular location of the envelope opening at a point farthest from the head of the patient.

The invention is illustrated in the accompany ing drawing, in which:

Figure- 1 shows a perspective view with the hair treating apparatus applied to the head of a patient and the box open to provide for the introduction of water.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the same, showing the means for maintaining the pad in position to practically envelop the hair on the curling rod or spindle.

Figure 3 is a view in elevation of the pad designed particularly for use in connection with croquignole winding of the hair.

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. ure 3.

Figure 5 is a'view similar to Figure 3, showing the pad designed more particularly for use in spiral winding, of the hair.

Figure 6 is a plan view of the cover before use.

Hair treatment of this character has been heretofore carried out through the use of curling rods or spindles on which a strand of the hair to be treated is wound, a box within which the spindle and hair wound thereon is sealed, means to provide for the introduction of a heated medium, such as steam or air, into the box to provide the necessary heat to complete the permanence of the curling or winding of the hair strand.

Of course, in treatingthe patient, the requisite number of boxes are used and protective pads are applied about the hair intermediate the box and head of the patient to avoid the transfer of undue heat to the patients head. This system, while eminently successful in use, requires the provision of a-steam plant and flexible conduits by which the steam may be introduced into: the

generation.

box and entails material labor on the part of the operator and a very considerable weight on the head of the patient.

The present method seeks to avoid the use of any external apparatus whatever and to generate the requisite heat directly within the box, thus not only avoiding and completely eliminating the external apparatus but very materially reducing the weight on the head of the patient and at the same time compelling a more effective application of the heat directly to the hair on the curling rod or spindle.

The essential feature of the present invention is the provision of the heating pad which is at 3 to form a closed pocket. Prior to the closing ,of the pocket, there is introduced between the sections of flannel or the like calcium metal, together withsodium nitrate or potassium nitrate. The calcium metal may be in the form I of turnings in granulated form or in the form of a thin sheet.

It is, of course, known that the reaction of calcium metal in the presence of water will produce heat and the sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate tendsto increase or accelerate the heat For example, calcium metal alone produces a temperatureof from 1'70 to 196 degrees Fahrenheit, calcium metal and sodium nitrate produce approximately 208 degrees Fahrenheit and calcium metal and potassium nitrate produce approximately 207 degrees Fahrenheit.

The closed pocket with the contained chemicals is then completely enclosed in tin or aluminum foil by providing two sheets 4 and 5 of such material, arranging the. pocket centrally between them, and infolding or wrapping the edges of the foil to form a complete closure.

It is, of course, well know thatcalcium metal oxidizes rapidly and, under ordinary circumstances, a heating pad dependent on this metal for the generation of heat would have to' be used very soon after it has been made up; otherwise, the calcium metal would be useless for heat generating purposes. In order to permit the pads to be made up in quantity and stored without deterioration, it is proposed to add charcoal, carbon or activated carbon to the mixture within the pad. Amorphous carbon and activated charcoal have afilnity for oxygen and other gases and if a small amount of a porous charcoal or and then mixed with the calcium metal, sodium or potassium nitrate in the pad, the air in the pad, otherwise tending to oxidize the calcium metal, will be largely absorbed by the charcoal or carbon and the oxidization of the calcium metal prevented for a very considerable period. This will permit the pads to be made up in numher and stored and used with substantially full eifect for a length of time which would be impossible if the gas-absorbing material were not employed. i

The pocket and foil closure is preferably elongated, that is having a dimension of length greater than the width and in one form of the completed pad, the longitudinal edges, that is the edges along the length, are provided with flexible wire sections 6, preferably infolded with the infolding of the edges ofthe foil to hold the wire in place, the wire lengths extending in both directions beyond'the end edges of the pad, as at 7.

Where the pad is designed for the treatment of hair spirally wound, as indicated in Figure 5, the wires, here shown at 8, are secured transverse the length of the pad near the respective ends, being infolded or otherwise secured to the pad, with the projecting portions 9 extended in 'both directions beyond the pad.

In the use of the pad in connection with croquignole winding, the hair is wound about the usual curling rod, indicated at it), the pad is placed closely over the treated hair, and the wire lengths 1 carried beneath the rod and up over the same and intertwisted to hold the pad in position to completely envelop the greater portion of the hair on the curling rod.

A slit is then formed by cutting or otherwise in the outer layers of foil. This slit is formed in the foil layer in a position to dispose such slit farthest from the head 01' the patient. If the strand of hair being treated is on the top of the head, the slit will be about centrally of the width of the pad, as indicated at II in Figure 3. If the strand of hair being treated is at the back of the head, the slit will be nearer one side edge of the pad, as indicated at I 2 in Figure 3, to thus arrange the slit as far from the head as possible while permitting the reception of water without liability of leakage through the slit.

Water is then introduced into the slit in any appropriate manner, such, for instance as a pipette, syringe or other suitable injection apparatus unnecessary to illustrate. The water saturates the walls of the pocket and the quantity of water to be introduced is more or less predetermined by the amount necessary to completely saturate this pocket.

Following the introduction of the water, a cover indicated at I3 is utilized to enclose the hair and pad to retain the heat generated by the chemicals of the pad to a considerable degree. This cover is afiat section of aluminum or other foil .01" suflicient thickness to permit continued reuse without tearing or breaking and yet, o ing to its character, more or less completely flexible. 7

This section includes a flat body .portion l4 having a length at least equal to the length of .the body portion M has been wrapped about the pad.

If desired and as preferred, a layer of felt H5 or other absorbent material may be placed over the pad before the application of the flexible cover to thereby provide for an absorption of any water which may overflow from the pad during and following the adjustment of the cover there- It is, of course, to be understood that as the external layer of the pad proper is a flexible foil which will tend to retain its shape when wrapped about the hair coiled thereon, the wires, indicated at 6 and 8 in Figures 3 and 5, may be dispensed with where the flexible cover is employed as the latter tends to prevent any possibility of displacement of the pad during the treating process.

If it is not desired to use the cover, as may occur in some characters of hair treatment, the padmay be secured in place through the use of the wires 6 and 8 to prevent this displacement, particularly longitudinal displacement, with respect to the rod I0.

As is well understood, the combination of the water and the chemicals referred to generate heat and the amount of chemicals introduced in the pocket is determinedby the temperature and the duration. of heat desired for the particular hair treating process. vAfter a predetermined time, the box is opened, the pad removed, and the hair removed from the curling rod in the usual manner and such subsequent treatment as is necessary carried out.

The invention lends itself readily to the treatment of hair in which heat or a heating medium is necessary for the completion of the treatment. Thus, without the use of any external apparatus, and the mere securing of the pad in place around the hair on the curling rod and the introduction of water into thepad, there is suflicient heat generated within the box to complete the hair treating operation. Of course, any curling treatment can be readily carried out, varying only in the disposition of the hair on the curling rod and the application of the pad transversely in croquignole winding and longitudinally in spiral winding.

It will, of course, be apparent that the pads may be made in various sizes and shapes and that the material of the pocket may be any appropriate material having the capacity to readily absorb water for the introduction of the moisture to the chemicals; also the outer layer must be such as to guard the hair against the chemicals and yet permit heat transference to the hair.

It is to be particularly noted that in hair treatment as heretofore practiced, the use of the conventional box to retain the heat has been considered a necessary adjunct. As, of course, each strand of hair being treated had .to be enclosed 'in its own particular box, there ing a completely impervious envelope, forming an opening in the envelope to permit the introduction of water within the envelope to saturate the pad following the application of the pad to the curl of hair, the opening in the envelope being iormed at a point farthest from the head of the patient, introducing water into the opening to saturate the pad, and enclosing the curl and surrounding envelope to prevent escape of the heat, whereby the water necessary to develop the heat in the pad is absolutely prevented from reaching the curl of hair or the head of the patient.

PAUL GUSTAVE GAIRE.

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