US2066521A

US2066521A - Centrifugal casting machine

Info

Publication number: US2066521A
Application number: US711801A
Authority: US
Inventors: Karl F Dailey
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1934-02-17
Filing date: 1934-02-17
Publication date: 1937-01-05
Anticipated expiration: 1954-01-05

Description

Jan. 5, 1937. K. DAILEY I 2,066,521

CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 17; 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet l {7 (1/ A v 25 go {i 9 Is A; Z 5: Md-bi? /J J I INVENTOR KARL F. DAILEY ATTORNEYJ Jan. 5, 1937. K: F. BAILEY CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 17, 19561 I KARL; s-r. mam I N Jam 5, 1937." Y F} DAlLEY 2,066,521

CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 17, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR KARL E DAILEY ATTORNEYJ Patented Jan. 5," 1937 CENTRJEUGAL CASTING MACHINE 7 Karl F. Bailey, Cleveland, Ohio Application February 17,

1934, Serial No. 711,801

g 14 Claims. (01. 22-65) This invention relates to means ,for centrifugally casting steel ingots or the like, and having rotatably mountedmold means with a plurality of cavities to be simultaneously poured from a corresponding plurality of rotating spouts. Apparatus for the purpose is illustrated and described in my copending application, Serial No. 680,564, filed July 15, 1933, and the objects of this invention are generally to improve upon what is there disclosed.

Where such simultaneous pouring is to be had it becomes highly important that pouring be equal in all of the mold cavities, which are preferably of identicalcapacity, and that theequalization be as nearly automatic as possible; and the provision for such equalization is a par- A ticular object of this invention.

- as a further object, an arrangement whereby a single spout means unit may be employed; and where an auxiliary ladle is employed the invention includes means for moving such auxiliary ladle also between casting machines.

Another important object or the invention is to provide means for compacting the casting before complete solidification, at its inner radial part, by mechanical means, whereby the density of the. casting may be made more uniform and occlusions and the like willbe better segregated as a scrap crop Dart of the casting. The exact nature of the invention together with further objects and advantages thereof will be apparent from the following description taken" in connection with the accompanying drawings, all of which illustrate more or less conventionally various embodiments of the invention as will. appear, together with pertinent associated parts. More particularly Fig. 1 is a typical sectional elevation illustrative of oneform of the invention; Fig. 2 is a detail in plan view of the adjacent parts of a spout arrangement taken as in the plane of line 2--2,' Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a detail in vertical section as in the plane of line 3 -3, Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4 iso. view similar to Fig. l

' but illustrating modifications as will appear;

Fig. 5 is a layout in sectional elevation illustrating the manner of employment of the invention as shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional detail of mold parts of a modified section illustrating the manner of protection at the mouth of the mold cavity and other features;

Fig. 7 is a top plan view of Fig. 4,,illustrating apparatus for compression of the castings before solidification; Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical line Ill-i0, Fig. 9; Fig. ll is a plan view of the spout parts illustrated in Fig. 9; and Fig. 12 is an l5 enlarged section of a slightly modified form of the mold of Fig. l. i

With reference-now to the drawings and first to Figs. l--3 thereof, I indicates generally a table mounted for rotation about an upright axis by suitable driving means not shown but acting through the pair of gears indicated at 2. Suitably secured upon the table is a stack of three mold sections 3, 4 and5 providing a pair of similar mold cavities 6 and I each concentric about the axis of rotation of the table 8.

The mold sections are adjustably secured in their stacked relation by means permitting con trolled relative movement therebetween during shrinkage of the castings in cooling; such means including posts 8 spaced about the periphery of the machine, each having a clamping head member 9 bearing against the uppermost mold section 5 to bear it against a stop .iil fixed on the base table I, and swlveled or removableto permit removal of the mold section 5. A second series of posts similar to the posts 8 but associated wlththe intermedipte mold sections 4, is

provided for connollirfglts motion under contraction. I trolling, posts are simultaneously adjustable by controlling means here generally indicated at H;

more 'fully illustrated and descrlbed in my said copending application.

Each major mold cavity has an annular port The two sets of mold-section-con I2 opening generally lnwardly or toward the axis A of rotation, and as here shown directed upwardly as well.

' thereto. Each spout is thus generally of Y A pair of spouts are provided, one for each mold cavity, each arranged to deliver into the port l2 of its mold cavity. There being two mold cavities here illustrated, there need only be the two spouts 3 indicated; although it will be apparent that more mold cavities might be provided with a corresponding spout for each, or there might be more than one spout for each cavity. The spouts are preferably located symmetrically about the axis of rotation and where but two are employed, they may be located opposite each other as illustrated.

Each spout has an enlarged base part |4 located adjacent the axis of rotation, with a trough part l5 leading radially outwardly therefrom to deliver into its port I2. The base parts l4 of the spouts extend about the axis of rotation as indicated in Fig. 2, and one is located above the other as indicated in Fig. 1, so that together they provide a cavity extending entirely about the-axis, each subtending an equal angle relative form. The trough parts lb of the spouts are preferably slightly tilted as indicated in Fig. 3, in the direction of spout rotation, which will be described. The spouts are mounted upon a part I! preferably movable radially thereon as. by the links l6, whereby the mouths of the spouts, which may have nozzle parts l8, may have adjustment outwardly to a feeding relation relative to their ports I2, and therefrom inwardly to positions clearing the mold sections. The spouts are illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 as in their outer or pouring position.

The spouts then, together with the part I! on which they are mounted, comprise a unit. That this unit may be driven'about the axis of revolution of the mold, at speed variable independent of the mold, a sleeve i3 is provided with a head- 26 on which the part I! bears, and gearing indicated at 2| is arranged to provide a drive for the sleeve from a suitable power source not shown.

Means removably interassociating the part with the head 20 are provided, here conventionally indicated as including the centering flange 22 fitting about the head 20, which is circular, and the lugs 23 on the part II fitting in suitable openings in the head.

A ladle A having a central discharge opening a is provided for supplying the molten metal to the casting, machine.

In the modification here illustrated, an auxiliary ladle 24 is arranged to receive from the outlet a oi. the main ladle and to discharge into the spouts l3; the spout assembly, including an auxiliary ladle when one is used, may be moved independentiy oi the ladle or both the spout assembly unit and the. auxiliary ladle 24 may be associated with the main ladle A to be movable therewith to serve a number of casting machines. To this endbracket means 26 is secured on the main ladle A having flange means 26 in supporting relation with flange means 21 on the auxiliary ladle 24, and having flange-means 23in similar role-- tion with" flange means 26 provided on the part i! oiv the spout unit; these flange means being generally annular or at least sufliciently so, about the axis of rotation, to permit free rotation ofthe spout unit and of the auxiliary ladle relative to the main ladle A, when the main ladle A is in pouring position as indicated; and the arrangement being such that when the main ladle A'is' "raised tromxhe pouring position, it will carry withit the spout unitand auxiliary ladle.

Obviously the spout unit when in pouring poprovide angular adjustment of the post 30 and hence of the ladle 24, by adjustment of the post 3|, and yet to permit separation between the posts when the main ladle A is raised.

For rotational indexing. adjustmentof the post 3|, cam means are provided at its lower extremity, which is below the gears 2| and here indicated as a sleeve 33 secured upon the post 3| and having a helical cam groove 34. A member 35 cooperative with the cam 34 is provided upon a sleeve 36 fitting aboutthe sleeve 33 and arranged for longitudinal adjustment as by the actuating cylinder 31, and prevented from rotational adjustment relative to the sleeve I! as by the key 38, a thrust bearing indicated at 33 being provided between the piston 01' the cylinder 31 and the sleeve 36. Thus the sleeve 36 may have only longitudinal adjustment relative to the sleeve IS, the sleeve 33 may have only rotational adjustment relative to sleeve l3 and post 3|, and the longitudinal motion of the sleeve 36 is conare employed. Adjustment of the auxiliary ladle is relative to the spouts and independent oi! the rotation of the latter and may be made during such rotation.

The auxiliary ladle/24 is provided with a plurality or discharge openings 40 spaced about the axis of rotation correspondingly with the base parts l4 of the spouts. The teeth 32 are so arranged that when they are interengaged in the driving or pouring relation of the parts, the,

auxiliary ladle will be so indexed that each oi! its openings 40 will be above the base part i4 01' one of the spouts, as indicated in broken lines,

.Fig. 2, so as to discharge into the latter, the cam means at 34 having been adjusted by the cylinder 31 to one end of its stroke. Obviously therefore adjustment of the cam means to theopposite end of its stroke will reindex the auxiliary ladle, shitting each of its openings 40 relative to thespouts, although the latter be rotating, so that each opening 40 will thereupon discharge into the base part l4 of another spout. In the example illustrated where two spouts are employed, thev two openings .40 will simply be reversed by such adjustment.

Operation will be as follows. Assuming the main ladle A being lowered toward the pouring position indicated in Fig. 1, the head 26 being stationary, as the spout unit and auxiliary ladle reach their driving parts 26 and 3|, they will rest upon the latter, instead of having support from the ladle bracket means 26. Drive is then commenced through the gears 2| causing substantially immediate engagementfor rotational drive of both the spout unit and the auxiliary ladle, by

engagement at the teeth II and 32 respectively. Fig. 6,providing air or other insulation, the mold ,As the spout unit comes up to speed, the spouts will automatically swing outwardly to the pouring position indicated, under centrifugal force. The mold being meanwhile driven. at casting speed, the usual stopper in the main ladle A is withdrawn so that the pouring is commenced from the main ladle into the auxiliary ladle, which in turn discharges through the openings 40 into both spouts simultaneously. The spouts deliver directly to their mold cavities 6 and I. After the mold cavities are half filledwith the molten metal, at the period determined either by pouring time, loss of weight in the main ladle or observation, the operator actuates the cylinder 31 to shift the auxiliary ladle 24, reversing the relaa tion between auxiliary ladle and spouts. Pour-. ing being meanwhile continued, the main ladle outlet is replugged after the mold is filled. By such adjustment of the auxiliary ladle, should one of its openings 40 be greater than another as will usually be thecase, nevertheless both mold cavities are equally filled since each discharge opening is equally effective upon each mold cavity during the pouring period.

After pouring is completed the drive is cut off from thespout unit, which quick'ly slows down and the spouts automatically swing inwardly under the action of gravity, their nozzles clearing the mold. The mold itself may be continued to be driven or its speed even increased. After the spouts have moved to withdrawn position, the main ladle A may be raised, carrying the spouts and auxiliary ladle with it, and moved by any suitable means to fill the mold of the next casting 'machine, the capacity of the main ladle being preferably much greater than that of any of the casting machines, as will be appreciated by one familiar with the art. Since the single auxiliary ladle and set of spouts move with the main ladle which may be shifted in a relatively short time, there is little heat loss at the'spouts.

As the. castings cool and shrink in cooling, the mold sections are permitted controlled separation through the mechanism including that indicated at l I and more fully described in my said copending application. i After the castingsin the mold have solidified. the main and auxiliary ladies and the spouts having been meanwhile removed, drive is cut off from the mold; and after the latter becomes stationary and the clamps 9 are released, the entire mold with its castings is removed from the-supporting table I and thereafter the mold sections "are separated and the castings removed therefrom, these operations being performed as by a travelling crane such as that indicated in Fig. 5.-

By the same'crane' the emptied mold sections may be immediately reassembled on the casting machine, which is then ready for the next pouring operation. The main ladle, having meanwhile been pouring at another or other casting machines, rnay then repour at the first casting machine.

With reference now to the modification of Figs. 4 and 6, the arrangement will be as in the modification just described with the exceptions hereinafter noted.

The mold cavity here employedhas a different sectional characteristic. The annular port of the cavity opens directly inwardly towards the axis ofrotation, thus extending generally in a transverse plane. Thewalls of the port are protected by hollow, ribbed, generally segmental v castings ll of heat-resisting metal indicated in sections being cut away as indicated at 42 to provide' additional spaces for the same purpose. The castings 4| are removably mounted upon their mold sections as by bolts 43 and pins 44.

The purpose is to retain heat in the gate portion of the castingsso far as possible and to increase mold life.

The modified mold of Fig. 6 is substantially octagonal in section, and for many reasons I prefer this form. The mold sections shown here and other sections, shown in my copending application flrst referred to, are characterized in that,

with substantially uniform delivery of metal to the mold sections, annular layers of varying thickness are'deposited with advantageous results. The first layer deposited between the outer wall and say, line W, Fig. 6, will lie in a restricted portion of the mold thus giving a layer of sufilcient depth to hold its heat and avoid the formation of an oxidized skin at its free surface.

Subsequent layers at wider portions of the mold may be of less thickness, as that indicated between lines X and Y, without harmful effect as a large body of metal has been built up for the retention of heat. Thefinal layer deposited adjacent the port or mouth of the mold cavity, as represented by line Z, will be thicker because of reduction in mold section at that point. This provides a comparatively large body of hot metal which will retain its fluidity longer, thus permitting gases and occluded material an easier escape and providing a body fluid metal to fill any interior cavities which may form on cooling.

The mold section of Fig. 12 permits molten metal to be poured into. the port II to the level of the dash-dot line. This metal later acts as mold cavity is filled while stationary or rotating slowly. Later when the metal is near its solidification point or even partly solidified the mold may be rotated at a higher rate of speed to force the excess metal toward the mold cavity. I find that by thus relying partly upon the natural cooling or solidification of the metal and partly upon varying the centrifugal force applied to various annular layers of the casting. I am able to control the density and structure of the metal 'within wide adustment.

limits.

Otherwise the arrangement of mold sections, their mounting on the table I and its drive by the gears 2, is as before. The assembly of the 'nozzles 45, movably upon the-member I15 to form a unit therewith, which unit is removably supported in driving relation with a head 20 driven by gears 2i, isalso as before.

The auxiliary ladle or tundish is, however, differently mounted. It 'is tiltable about a horizontal supporting axis offset from the center of rotation as at 41. Tilting adjustment of the auxiliary ladle is had by a central push rod 48 mounted in the. member l1 for sliding adjustment along the axis of rotation, and in alignment with a push rod 49 extending downwardly through the mold and spout driving apparatus to a connection with suitable means generally indicated at 50, by which the operator may cause vertical Obviously such adjustment controls tilting of the tundish 4.6 about its tilting axis 41. openings 5|, one for each spout disposed on a line which is perpendicular to the axis-l1. By the arrangement--. here described and illustrated, it

The tundish is provided with a'pair of will be apparent that the tundish has no adjustment about the axis of rotation but it will be equally obvious that by its described tilting adjustment, the relative headupon the two dis- Ii charge openings 5| may be varied by vertical adjustment of the push rod 4!; so that the discharge may be apportioned and equalized between the two spouts 45 although the two openings 5| may not be of identical size.

That the nozzle and tundish assembly may be removable from the casting machine as a unit, the part ll which interrelates these elements is provided with suitable means by which it may be 'raised. Such means are here shown in the form of a pair of oppositely extending lugs 52.

A general layout appropriate for this form of machine, appears in Fig. 5. The main ladle AI is carried upon a suitable car 53 which may be a scale car and is mounted upon rails to move along a row of casting machines, two of which are here illustrated. A small trolley car 54 is provided upon rail means extending between the rails for the car 53 and has elevating hook means 65 adapted to engage the lugs 52 of the spout assem- 2 bly. The ladle car I and trolley car 54 are preferably so arranged that the trolley car may run under the rail car. In operation the function of the trolley 84 is to shift the spout unit between casting machines while of course the ladle car 53 correspondingly shifts the ladle Al. Thus as before, although by va different arrangement, a single spout unit serves all of thecasting machines of the row, as does the ladle Al.

While there may be a greater number of casting machines in the row indicated in Fig. 5, disposed transversely of the view, it is preferable that but two casting machines be served by the crane as indicated. This crane has preferably three hooks it for conveniently engaging the mold sections for removing them from the casting machines, is shiftable laterally between its two machines, and is arranged to travel longitudinally so that it may deposit the mold sections, separate them and remove the castings therefrom at locations rear ward or forward of the plane of Fig. 5.

- While centrifugal casting of course produces improved density with great tendency to segregate occlusions, impurities crop zone at the inner radius of the casting, an

object of this invention is to improve this separating action. Since the density of the radially outermost metal, is increased by the weight of the innermost metal, andthe outermost metal being poured first has a tendency to solidify first,

I provide meanstending nevertheless to increase density at the radially innermost part of the casting.

Such means comprise as indicated in Figs. 6 and '7, a pair of pressure rollers 51, one for each 50 mold cavity and equally spaced about the axis of rotation, in staggered relation with the spouts 45.

These rollers are adapted each to enter the port of 'its mold cavity after completion of the pouring operation, and while the metal at the inner radius a5 retains some plasticity. Each roller I! i mounted as upon a lever II for radial adjus ent into.

and from its port, and has associated actuating 'means such as a cylinder SI for such adjustment and for providing substantial bearing of the rolls against their castings. The pressure roller assembly need not be removable from the casting machine with the spout assembly, and instead is preferably secured with the spout driving head II for rotation with the latter as by the bracket 64.

7 The cylinders I! are preferably actuated by oil,

and the like, into a scrap or the like, conducted to them through suitable ducts O0 in the machine, a stuffing box 6| providing communication with the pressure and

relief lines

62 and 63 which are of course under the control of the operator.

In operation, after pouring of the castings and usually after removal of the spout-unit, the pressure roll unit is brought to a desired speed by the drive through the gears 2i and pressure admitted to the cylinders 53 to cause hearing of the rollers 58 against the casting as indicated in Figs. 6 and 7. During this operation the pressure unit may preferably operate in the direction of the mold but at somewhat less speed. The pressure rollers thus travel along the ports of the mold cavities at a relatively slow speed, bearing against the inner circumferential face of the contentsthereof. Thus the metal on the inner radius of the casting is compacted and impurities removed therefrom radially inwardly by a squeezing action. The casting metal on the inner periphery being somewhat more plastic than the metal further removed radially, its density is materially increased by the squeezing action, which has little or no effect upon the metal at the outer periphery of the casting.

After the squeezing operation and before the mold is removed from the casting machine, the

pressurerolls are withdrawn radially inwardly by their cylinders 59 to clear the mold sections.

With reference now to Fig. 8, another spout arrangement is indicated. In this arrangement the base'part 10 of one spout is arranged to form a cavity annular about the axis of rotation as indicated, from which the trough part II of the spout leads laterally. The base part 12 of the other spout is arranged'beneath a central through opening in the spout Iii, to receive a stream from a central outlet 13 in-the ladle A2. This ladle, which may be the main ladle, is provided with another outlet 14, offset from the axis of rotation of the casting machine, to deliver into the annular cavity of the upper spout.

Obviously, when pouring ishad from the ladle as indicated, simultaneously through both outlets I3 and 14, each will deliver into the base cavity of one of the spouts although the ladle A! be stationary and the two spouts be rotating as a unit.

That turbulence be reduced and splash pre- P vented, each spoutis provided with an obstruction ll effective as a dam between the cavity of the base part, and the trough. By such obstruction sumcient volume of the molten metal is retained in the base cavities of the spouts. into which the streams from the ladle deliver, to prevent splashing of the latter.

With reference now to themodii'lcations of Figs. 9 to 11, the main ladle AI is provided with a pair of outlets 1. equally spaced from the axis of rotation of the casting machine. Two spouts are indicated having their baseparts "so related that together they will always receive the discharge from both ladle outlets It, as indicated in Fig. 10. The base part of one of the spouts is slightly l'owerthan that of the other, so that the lower spout may be arranged to discharge into the lower mold cavity generally as indicated in Figs. 1 and 4. The upper spout has a lip part I! overhanging the adjacent edge of the lower spout so that the streams from the ladle cannot overflow between the spouts, each spout has a trough part I. leading generally radially from the axis of rotation. substantially as before. 1

For each spout. means are provided for obill structing flow from its base. cavity to its trough, generally as indicated at 80. In each ofthesc obstructions 80, however, is an opening 8|, preferably as of V form as indicated in Fig. 10, ex-

tending downwardly to the lowermost level of, the base cavity and-with sides diverging upwardly. By this arrangement, when pouring commences from the ladle, a head of molten metal will be quickly built up in the base cavities of the spouts so that the ladle streams will deliver into the retained pools with minimized splash; the proportions of the openings 8| relative to the ladle discharge openings, being arranged for the purpose,

yet to permit outflow throughthe spout troughs equal to the discharge from the ladle, once suffi cient volume has been built up in the spout .bases. On the other hand, since the opening 8 I extends to the lowermost level of the base cavities, after pouring from the ladle has ceased, the base cavities will bev emptied by way of the openings 8 I.

In thisarrangement it will be apparent that during rotation of the spouts in the operation of the machine, each will deliver equally regardless of absolute equalization of discharge between the ladle outlets; since each outlet has delivery alternately to the two spouts as the latter rotate. It will be equally apparent that with this arrangement but one outlet might be provided in the main ladle, or more than the two illus trated, with the same equalization result provided the outlets have offset relation from the center of rotation.

It will be apparent that numerous combinations, not specifically illustrated, may be formed from the above elements. For example, a tundish might be employed to be effective between the main ladle and spout means in the arrangement of either Fig. 8 or that of Figs. 9 to 11; the

tundish performing the function of receiving a a single stream'from the main ladle, with minimum turbulence or splash therefrom, and distributing the molten metal so received, to the'spouts in separate streams, one for each. The form of spout illustrated in Figs. 9 to 11, could be employed in place of those illustrated in Figs. 1, and 2. The opening 81 in the obstruction 80 appearing in Fig. 10, could be employed in the obstruction of Fig. 8. Also, as will be appreciated, whether the main ladle has one or more outlets, the usual stopper means will be provided for controlling ladle discharge at the will of the operator.

What I claim is:

1. In a casting machine of the class described and having ladle means and a plurality of rotatably mounted spouts arranged to simultaneously receive delivery therefrom, said ladle means having a corresponding plurality of outlets for the purpose, means for equalizing the rate of delivery among said spouts and comprising means providing for adjustment of said ladlemeans about an'axis and relative to said spouts and during spout rotation.

2. In a machineflof the class described, rotatably mounted mold means arranged to provide a pair of longitudinally spaced cavities, ladle means and a pair of spouts arranged to simultaneousl y receive delivery therefrom while rotating, each to deliver to one of said cavities, said ladle means having a corresponding pair of outlets for the purpose, means for equalizing the rate of delivery between said spouts and comprising means providing for adjustment of said ladle means about an axis and relative to said spouts and during rotation of said spouts, whereby said mold cavities may be uniformly and simultaneously filled.

3. In a casting machine of the class described and having an auxiliary ladle and a plurality of spouts mounted for rotation about an upright axis and arranged to simultaneously receive delivery therefrom while rotating, said ladle havin a corresponding plurality of outlets for the purpose, said ladle being removably mounted relative to other .parts of said machine and said machine having means for rotatably driving a said ladle coaxially with said spouts when the ladle is mounted, means for equalizing the rate of delivery among said spouts and comprising means providing for adjustment of said ladle about said axis relative to said-spouts during rotation of said ladle and spouts.

4. In a casting machine of the class described and having an auxiliary ladle and a plurality of spouts arranged to simultaneously receive delivery therefrom, said ladle having a corresponding plurality of outlets for the purpose, means for equalizing the rate of delivery among said spouts and comprising means providing for adjustment of said ladle relative thereto about an upright axis, said ladle being removably mounted relative to other parts of said machine and said. spouts being associated with said ladle for removal therewith as a unit, said-machine having means for rotatably driving ,said unit when mounted.

n 5. In a casting machine of the class described and having a rotating auxiliary ladle and a pair of spouts arrangedto simultaneously receive delivery therefrom during rotation thereof, said ladle having a corresponding pair of outlets for the purpose, means for controlling the relative rate of delivery between said spouts and comprising means providing for tilting adjustment of said ladle during said rotation, about an axis disposed to cause relative variation in flow from said outlets to follow said adjustment.

6. In a casting machine of the class described and having a ladle anda plurality of spouts dispo s'edin spacedrelation about an upright axis,

said ladle having an outlet offset from said axis,

longitudinally thereof, each spout being arranged to deliver to one of said cavities.

7. Ina casting machine of the.class described and having an auxiliary ladle and a plurality of spouts disposed in equally spaced relation, about an upright axis, to simultaneously receive delivery from said ladle, said ladle having a corresponding plurality of similarly disposed outlets for the purpose, means for controlling the relative rate of delivery among saidspouts and comprising means providing for adjustment between said ladle and said spouts about said axis through an angle to change the spout receiving delivery from each outlet.

8.In a casting machine of the class described and having an auxiliary ladle and a pair of spouts arranged tosimultaneously receive delivery therefrom, said ladle having a corresponding pair of outlets for the purpose, means for rotation of said ladle and spouts about an upright axis during said delivery, and means for equalizing the rate of delivery between said spouts and comprising the parts being so proportioned and arranged that during discharge from said ladle, said dam means willretain in the base part of said spout sufficient fluid metal to prevent splash therefrom, and after said pouring said opening will drain said base part.

10. In apparatus of the class described, a pair of spouts mounted for rotation about an upright axis and for adjustment transverse of said axis to and from a pouring position, said spouts having adjacent base parts and each having a trough part leading laterally from its base part, a ladle having a pair of outlets each disposed to discharge into one of said spout base parts, the base part of one of saidspouts having-a lip extending transversely of said axis andoverlying the adjacent side wall of the base part of spout.

11. In a machine for centrifugally casting steel ingots or "the like, a rotatably mounted moldarranged to provide a cavity concentric about the axis of mold rotation, with a restricted annular port part directed toward said axis, means ior the. other pouring into said mold, and means arranged to apply pressure radially outwardly of said axis, against the port contents, and progressively therealong. 1

12, In a machine for centrifugaily casting steel ingots or the like, a rotatably mounted mold arranged to provide a major cavity concentric about the axis 01' mold rotation, with an annular port of width lengthwise of said axis substantially less than said cavity, means for pouring into said mold, and means movable in said port and adapted to apply pressure, radially outwardly of said axis, against the port contents, whereby the major cavity contents may be subjected to pressure hydrostatically increased by the relative narrowness of said port.

13. In a machine for centriiugally casting steel ingots or the like, mold means mounted for rotation about an upright axis, and having a major cavity concentric about said axis and a restricted annular port leading to the upper and radially innermost portion of said major cavity, means for driving said mold means, and nozzle means arranged to deliver to a circumferentially restricted section of said port.

14. In a machine for centrifugally casting steel ingots or the like, mold means mounted for rotation about an upright axis, and having a major cavity concentric about said axis and a restricted annular port of substantial length leading slopingly downwardly and radially outwardly to the upper and radially innermost portion of said major cavity, means for driving said mold means, whereby, after pouring, centrifugal forces upon the contents of said port may be substantially enhanced by gravitational forces thereupon, and the major cavity contents may have maximum hydrostatic pressure from the port contents.

KARL I". BAILEY.