US1620829A

US1620829A - Method of and apparatus for centrifugally casting metal bodies

Info

Publication number: US1620829A
Application number: US656180A
Authority: US
Inventors: William D Moore; Morgan Walter
Original assignee: SAND SPUN PATENTS CORP
Current assignee: SAND SPUN PATENTS Corp
Priority date: 1923-08-07
Filing date: 1923-08-07
Publication date: 1927-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 1944-03-15

Description

March 15 1927.

I w. D. MOORE ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CASTING METAL BODIES Filed Aug. 7, 1923 '7 Sheets-Sheet 1 N- a R j1 %RNE Y6 March 15, 1927. w. D. MOORE ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CASTING METAL BODIES Filed Aug. '7, 1923 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 11V VENTOR-S A TTORNE X5 I 1,620,829 Mar-ch 1927' w. D. MOORE ET AL I METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CENTRIFUGALLY bASTING METAL BODIES Filed Aug. '2. 1923 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 7 A IIIII/I/I/I/I/AIZIV/AIVAIJIZZI INVENTORS ATTOR 5Y6 1-620 829 March 15, 1927. w. D. RE ETAL I 9 J METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CENTRIFUGAI- LY CASTING METAL BODIES Filed Aug. '7, 1923 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 A TTORNEYS 1,620 829 .March 15, 1927. w D MOORE ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CASTING'METAL BODIES Filed Aug. '7, 1923 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 BY 1. w

ATTORNEY 6 w. D. MOORE ET AL 7 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CENTRTFUGALLY CASTING METAL B March 15 1927.

ODIES '1 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Aug. '7. 1923 MN z o 5 m bom In con mom I So I. 2x. I. 8m

INVE OR s 0M7 WHLTE/F M0554.

JAM W ww RN wWvSSE:5.255s: mwwwwwwwumwvww ww QQ A ATTORNEYS March 1927' w. D. MOORE ET A METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CASTING METAL BODIES Fmed Aug.-'7, 1925" 7 She'et's -Sheet ATTORNEYS rimmed" Ma; 15, 927.

- PATENT: oF'FlcuI NI- an T..-A.'r r-:

wrnnrm 1). Moon Ann wAL'rnn mm, or BIRMINGHAM! AtAnAumAssmrzoas, a: nnsmn Assrenuums, To sum era-m 'rA'mms CORPORATION, or new roan,

N. 1., A conronA'rIon or DELAWARE.

n'rnon or Aim APPARATUS iron cnfiran'UeAtLY cAs'rmo METAL Bonms.

Application fled ma 1, was. Serial Io. 050,150;

This invention relates to the art of making 'metal calstings and more particularl to a method'of and apparatus for centri ugally casting hollow metal bodies such for example as ferrous pipe; and has special reference to the provislon of improvements in a method and apparatus as disclosed in the patent of William D. Moore, No. 1,471,052, granted October 16, 1923. p The principal object of the present invention resides in the production of an improved centrifugal casting machine of the nature disclosed in said co-pending application and of an im roved method of operating the same in w ich a casting operation may be effected with increased efliciency and with greater economy. a

More specific bjects of the present inven- "tion comprehend the provision of an improved method of controlling the speed of rotation of the rotary'or centrifugal mold, of charging the mold with imparting to the same a movement supplementary to the rotary movement for effect.

ing an even distribution of the metal in the mold while changing and predetermining the speeds of rotation thereof; the further provision of an apparatus whereby the changed and predetermined speeds may be automatically obtained with great convenience and by means of unskilled labor; the further provision of an improved means for imparting the supplementary movement to the mold whereby a substantially vibrationless casting operation may be obtained with the fewest operating steps; the further provision of an apparatus in which improved means are provided for transferring the mold flasks to and from the machine; the

further provision of means for protectively housing the machine arranged to be movable to permit transfer of the molds; and the production of an apparatus in which a large number of the operations to produce a cast such as the control of the speeds of the mold, the pouring of the metal, the manipulation of metal distribution, the operation of the means for transferring the molds to and from the machine, the operation of the mold housing or hood, may be performed and controlled with great ease and convenience bv a'single unskilled operative located at a remote safety station.

molten metal and the mold to effect the desired Further and corelated objects of the present invention include the mold transferring device or centrifugal rovision of a casting machines constructed to ermit equal facility for moving the molds into and out of the casting machine; the further provis1on of a housing or hood for the machine 'which carries part of the supporting means for-the rotary mold, the -sa1 housing and the supporting means being so constructed as to permit of stably sup orting the mold and supporting the same or a smooth and vlbrationless operation; the further provision of an improved charging means for the mold; and the still further provision of a refractory rotary mold constructed to provide an all refractory surface at the s igot as well as at the bell end of the mold? To the accomplishment of the foregoing and such other objects as may hereinafter appear, our invention consists in the methods, the steps and the elements and their relation one to the other, as hereinafter partlcularly defined in the claims, reference be1n had to the accompanying drawings whic show a preferred embodiment of our.

invention and in which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of the casting machine,

Figure 2 is an elevational view of the same partly in section,

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on the hue 3-3, Figure 1,

Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view on a the line 4-4, Figure 3, 4

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken 'on'the line 5-5, Figure 1, and showing the I parts in operative posltion,

Figure 6 is a view of the same on a reduced scale showing the mold and hood in elevated position,

Figures 7 to 9 are sequential views showing the mechanism for automatically controlling the speed of operation of the mold in certain stages of the casting operation,

Figure 10 is a graphical view showing the manner of controlling the speeds of operation ofthe mold, Figure 11 's a view of apparatus used for coohng the casting, a

Figure 12 is a detail view showing the apparatus for producing an all refractory surface for the mold, and

- Figures 13 and 14 are side and front elevational views res ectively of the means emplpiyed for control ing the pouring operation an for imparti the supplementary movement to the mold.

I As described in the aforementioned atent the method of centrifutga'lly casting ollow metal bodies to which e present inventlon appertains includes the steps of char ing a rotary mold with molten metal and in co- More specifically, in the practice of this method a rotar mold is charged with molten metal and 1s ra idly but quietly moved from a position slig t1} inclined to the horizontal to a substantial y horizontal position while the metal is still in a molten free condition. Referring now in detail to the drawings, the apparatus employed for carrying out these steps of the method preferably comprises a frame or bed 10 which may be a unitary casting removably su porting a rotary mold generally designate as 11 and movable between inclined and horizontal positions about an axis preferably adjacent that is near one end of the bed, the bed being for this purpose provided with the

trunnions

12, 12, journa led in

spaced bearings

13, 13, which may be securely bolted to the spaced

concrete piers

14, 14, the movement of the bed .being guided by means of the

spaced guide standards

15, 15, firmly secured to a foundation 16.

The mold 11 preferabl comprises a refractory lined rotary mo (1 wh1ch'.includes a flask 17 having a plurality of perforations 18 distributed over the body of the same and forming vent holes for the gases and steam generated during a casting operation, the.

said flask bein provided with a refractory lining such as t e moist sand lining 19, which lining is preferably surfaced with a facing 20, (see particularly Fi res 1 and 4;) the moist sand lining pre erably having the composition described and claimed in the co-pending application of William D. Moore 7 for composition of matter for molds, Serial Number 623,650, filed March 8, 1923. For

rotating the mold, a driving means 21 which preferably comprises an electric motor is provided, and is mounted on the bed 10 at opp end thereof, the said motor being prefera an movable to and from the mold to cause the couplin and uncoupling of the motor for permittmg the transfer of the mold to and from the casting machine, as will be described more in detail hereinafter.

As heretofore mentioned, one of the prime objects of the'present invention relates to the provision of an improved method of arranged coaxially with the mold 11 o erating the mold and of imparting a supp ementary movement thereto, the method consisting in the control of the speed of rotation of the rota mold and in the charging of the mold wit molten metal, imparting to the same the supplementary movement for effecting an even distribution of the metal in the mold while changing and predetermining the speeds of rotation thereof. The improved ste s in the method are shown. graplhicall in' i'gure 10 of the drawings, in w 'Tch .t e control of the speed of the mold is shown related to the mining operation and to the step of levelling the mold or moving the mold from the inclined to the horizontal position, the graph representin the speeds ofrotation of the mold with time as the abscissa'and speed as the ordinate. For urposes of explicit description, we have enoted the actual speeds of operation and the relative time factors, this data applying more particularly to the re ductiojm of six-inch ipe, and it wil be understood that the re ativetimes and speeds are given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation, and may be varied with considerable latitude for the different size pipes. i

a Referring still to Figure 10 of the draw- 7 ings, in carr ing out the steps of the method the mold is rst moved to a position inclined to the horizontal, and isthen started revolving at a low speed as represented by the line OA, and for six-inchpipe this may be about revolutions per minute. The pouring of the metal thenv commences as represented by the point X on the line X-Z, or the pouring may commence as the mold is started revolvin and the mold is continued at the low spec of operation as shown by the line A -B during the pouring operation. After the greater part of the metal has been delivered into themold, and more specifically after approximately 75% of the time of the pourmg'operation, the speed of rotation of the mold is increased as represented by the line B--C and simultaneously the mold and the bed carrying the same are lowered to the horizontal position as re resented by the arrowed' line J.-K.- For t e six-inch pipe, it is desirable that the time of levelling of the mold should be about three seconds, and during this time the speed of the mold'is rapidly increased until it reaches a high speed, WlllOll for sixinch pipe may be approximately 900 R. P. M., which speed is attained within av second or two after the machine reaches the horizontal position, the makimunrspeed being indicated by the point D on the line BOD.

The pouring of the metal continues unin ample as 600 line D-E, atwhich speed the .mold 18 alline G-H, after which lowed to revolve for approximately one minute as indicated by the line E-F. The speed of the mold may then be reduced to about 500 R. P. M., as indicated by the line F-G, and this speed is maintained for approximately one: minute as shown by the the speed is reduced to a medium speed, which may be about 400 R. P. M., as indicated by the lineJ-I-I, and revolved at this speed until the metal assumes a congealed state or has solidified sufficiently to permit removal of the mold from the'machine, the time of running the mold at the medium speed being indicated by the line I--L, after which the speed is reduced and the machine stopped, as indicated by the line IF-N.

It will thus be seen that in the practice of the method, the mold is first rotated at a low speed while in theinclined position, and the speed of rotation increased to a high point during the levelling ot' the mold, after which the speed is reduced vin steps to a 4 medium speed and maintained thereat until the metal eongeals. It will be further evident that in the practiceof this method the pouring operation is continued while the mold is in the inclined position and during the period of levelling of the mold, and that more particularly the reater part of the pouring operation takes place while the mold is rotated at a low speed and is preferably in the inclined position, and the remainder of the pouring takes place during the levelling of the mold and preferably at the'increasing speed thereof. It has been empiri cally found that this control of the speeds and these inter-relations of the speed of the mold, the levelling of the mold, and the ouring of the metal, produce the best cast-- mg results.

' pouring and levelling For the purpose of permitting the carrying out of the steps of themethod by means of unskilled. labor and with working precision, we provide apparatus whereby thechanged and predetermined speeds may be in part automatically andv in part manuallyobtained. More specifically, we provide ap-' paratus constructed for controlling the s eeds automatically in the initial stages of t e casting operat on suchas during the steps and for permitting manual control later stages such as during the congealing of the metal and the cooling of the casting.

The apparatus, we-prefer to employ for automatically and manually controlling the speeds, is shown particularly in Figures 1 erably comprising a motor norm ally open 0% the speeds in the and 7-9 of the drawings, this apparatus pref controller 2210- cated at a remote control station generally designated as B (see Figure '1), the said motor controller being connected to the main line 23 controlled by means of the manually operable swltch 24, the said controller being electrically connected 'to the motor 21 by means of the connecting linegenemlly designated as 25. Cooperating with the controller and more particularly with the lever 26 thereof, we provide means which is operatedby movement of the bed 10, the said taehed to the bed at the motor end thereof,

means comprising an operating arm 27 at-- a link 28 adjustably connected to the operating arm as by being attachable thereto selectively at any of the points 29, the said link being provded with a loop member 30 which receives ling lever 26, the association of these parts being such that the bed 10 may be moved from a, horizontal to an. inclined position without-moving the handle 31, and so that \vhenthe bed is moved in the reverse directhe handle 31 of the controltion, that is, from the inclined to the horizontal position,-the handle 31 is operated simultaneously to increase the speed of the mold and is operated so that a predetermined high speed is attained after the bed has reached the substantally horizontal position, the association being furthermore such that after the levelling of the bed and the mold thereon. the speed of the mold may be manually controlled.

, This association and operation is shown in Figures 7 to 9, Figure 7, showingthe bed 10 in the horizontal position, Figure 8 in the inclined position priorJto acasting operation, and Figure 9 in the horizontal position after the. levelling step.

'ure 7, the-control lever 26 is positioned so that when the main line switch 24 which is is closed; a predetermined low When the cast-ingmachine 1S 1n the horizontal position as shown 1n Fig-;

speed of operation '18 effected such as 100 R. P. M., in the illustration above given. In Figure 7, the lever 26 is fixed relatively to the dial 32 so as to obtain this predetermined low speed. As the bed 10is moved from the horizontal position shown in Figure 7 to the inclined position shown in Figure 8, by means which-will be described in detail hereinafter, the operating arm 27 moves downwardly about the pivotal axis 12, cansing the downward motion of the operating link 28. The loop in this link 28 slides along the control lever handle 31 without impart- .ing any mgtion to the control lever 26, the adjustment of the operating link being such that just as the machine gets to its predetermined inclined position, the shoulder 33 in the link drops inunder the'control lever hande .31 as clearly shown in Figure 8 of the drawingsf As before indicated, the

adjustment of the lever 26 is such this position of-the .operating link 28,-the.

control lever is located in a predetermined position to cause the motor 21 revolve the mold at a low speed, which in the ex' ample given may beapproximately 100 R.

. I. M.,.and may be adjusted to give any one of several slow speeds when'the main line motor switch 24 is closed.

With the parts in the position shown in Figure 8 of the drawings, the pouring operation is begun. The pouring of the metal may be carried out by a hand poured operation, but in the preferred practice of the invention, the pouring is accomplished automatically and'is co'ntrolled'by the operator at the station S as will be described more in detail hereinafter. Simultaneously with or previous to the pouring of the metal into the mold the operator closes the main line switch 24 and the mold revolves at the low speeil.

loop member engaging the lever handle.

When the greater part ofthe charge has been introduced into the mold, and 'in the.

illustration. iven when about 75% of the molten meta has been poured into the mold,

the machine is lowered to the horizontal position, the action of; lowering the machineautomatically and simultaneously impartj/n g an increased speed to the motor, this latter being accomplished by the movement of the control lever 26 from the position shown in Figure 8 to the position shown in Figure 9, the movement of the bed 10 to the horizontal positionshown in Figure 9 causing the upward movement of the operatmg arm 27 and the link 28, the shoulder 33 of the 31, causing the lever to rotate for increasing the vspeed of rotation of the mold, as will be obvious.- The parts of the apparatus are so relatively arranged that when the bed arrivesat the horizontal position, the control lever26 is positioned to produce a relativeili' high speed, such for example as 900 R. P.

Immediately after the machine reaches the horizontal position, the operator shifts the link 28 about its fulcrum point'29 to'disengage the shoulder 33 from the underneath side of the control. lever handle, and then rotates the handle-to slow down the speed of the motor to about 600R. P. M. After running at this speedfor a time, the confrom t-he'machine and another one inserted,

trolflever is further rotated to reduce the speed to about 500 R. P. M;, in the; example given, and thereafter the medium speed of'about 400 R, P. -M. is produced,

this speed I being continued until the metal assumes a congealed state. The control 'lever '26-is-thereafterreturned to its position shown in Figure 7, after which the'niain line motor switch 24; is opened and themachine stopped. The flaskis then removed and; the operation. is ready to be repeated.

'If desired, the speed indicator 34 with its with the lowering operation and with the charging operation of the machine in a simple and eflicient mannen- It will be readily appreciated that,it is highly desirable to move the bed and the parts carried thereby from the tilted to the horizontal position smoothly and without vibration, especially since the levelling must be accomphshedwvithin a few seconds. One

of the important improvements of the pres-. ent mventlon resides 1n the provision of means whereby this can be accomplished and the. castm 'operation carried out in a sul'istantially vibratzonless manner To effect this we provide a fluid operated means.

which is preferably remotely controlled, and in the preferred-practice controlled by means at 'the station S, '.the said fluid operated means comprising the iydraulic cylinders 69 and 7 Oprovided with the operating plunge'rs 7 '1' and 72rrespectively, the cylinders being firmly planted on the concrete bases73 and 74 respectively, andconnected for operation to thecontrol valve 75 at the station S by means of the control line '76.v ,The plungers.

71 and 72 are preferably provided at their upper ends with the rollers 7'7 and 78 respectively, which are adapted to engage the bed. as clearly shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, at; the remote end there of, for moving the bed between the inclihcd and horizontal positions. By the provision of this means it has been found that the bed and parts carried thereby may be rapidly yet smoothly manipulated or levelled without creating undesirable vibrations, a substantially vibrationless operation being obtained.

As heretofore indicated. after a casti operation has been effected, the mold wit, its casting is removed from the machine and is 'replaced by. a new mold ready for another casting operation. For the transfer of themolds in and out of thecasting machine, we have provided an improved apparatus which is preferably remotely controlled and operated from the control station S, the said apparatus being constrnctedso as to permit equal facility for rolling the Q molds t6 or from the machine. Referring now to

Flgures

1, 2, 5 and 6 of thedrawings,

which comprises a mold elevating means in the form of the elevating track rails 36, 36, each pivotally mounted-atone end onthe we show the improved transfer apparatus an inclined descended position as shown in b Figure to'an elevated horizontal or level position as shown 1n Y spaced hydraulic .curely bolted to the j'ible branch 46 by the operator being effective 48, each of the plungers a terminal roller 49 cooperating with a projecting portion 50 which may be forme Figure 6, a stop bolt 39 ivotall attached to the rail mechanism an provi ed with a head 40 for engaging the underneath wall of the bed 10 being provided for limiting the upward movement of the track rails to the straight level or horizontal position, .this position being desired so that the molds may with equal facility be rolled from the machine to the track' rails and from the rails to the machine. Themolds may be removed from the rails 36,

36, to the car'tl movable on. the track rails b any other meanssuch asby crane or over ead trolley.-

The means .for operating the elevating track mechanism preferably comprises fluid operated means. controlled by the operator at the station 8,. the said fluid operated means being conveniently carried by so as to be movable with the movable bed 10. Still referring to Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6 of the drawings, this fluid operated and control mechanism' preferably comprises the cylinders 43; 43, one for each cylinder being sebed 16 as at 44. (see Figures 5 and 6). To the said cylinders are connected the hydraulic control lines 45 connecting the-control valve 46 to the

flexlines

47, 47, control of the valve for caus- )lungers ed with each elevating rail,

ing the ascent and descent of the be ng provl integrally with a track rail 36 for effecting roller supporting means the elevating and lowering of the track rails. T For efiiciently supporting the mold for rotation in the casting machine while permitting a quick interchange of molds and for protectively ,housing the mold during a casting operation, we preferably arovide for the mo (1 associated with a housing or hood which is movable on the bed of the machine, the said sup porting means including sets of supporting rollers spaced longitudinally of the machine,

each set comprising preferably two

lower rollers

51 and 52 journalled in the bearing members 53 and 54 securely bolted to the bed of the machine and a top roller 55 journalled for adjustment in a' housing 56 which is firmly attached to the top of a hood 57 r the latter being hingedly mounted on the bed 1-0 by means of the hinges t e spaced bands 59 and 60, the band 59 having a=concave face and the band 60 preferably having a straight face, the rollers being complementally contoured, one of the rollers 55 being d threadedly received by 'the t provided to this end with face and the other roller 55 with a straight operating face, as wilLclearly appear from aconsideration of the drawings. 7

In the preferred construction, the hood 57 is made of suflicient weight to cause the roll- 8 convex ers 55 carried thereby to act gravitationally the preferred construction'these rollers are floatmgly mounted, it having been found in the-operation of the machine that this floatmg condition is desirable rather than a rigid condition, the construction permitting the rotation of the flask without binding and substantially without vibration; The adustable and floating mounting for each of the rollers preferably comprises an adjusting nut 61 externally threaded as at 62' and adjustably. received by the internally threaded portion 63 of the roller housing 56, the said adjusting nut being movable by means of the handles 64, adjustment of the nut being effective for causing the engagement of the roller sleeve 65 with the shaft 67 and brushing 66 surrounding the roller shaft 67 at one end for free rotation on the said shaft. For producing the floatin condition, a clearance is provided between t e top of the ad'usting nut 61 and a retaining ring 68 w ich is sleeve 65. By this means, either or both of the rollers ma be adjusted to fit the flask inserted in t e machine, with the adjustment such that the flasks are supported? for free rotation substantially without vibration.

It has been found verydesirable to control simultaneously the movement of the hood 57 V and the mold elevating means 36 and to place the operation of these parts underthe control of a single operative. To these ends, we provide means which is operable for raising the hood 57 simultaneously with the elevating of the flask 17 when it is desired to move a mold from the machine and to lower the hood simultaneously with the the supporting new mold is placed in the machine. accomplish this, each of the mold elevating arms or elevating rails 36 is provided with a preferably curved extension arm 79 prorollers 51 and 52 when a vided, at its end with a roller 80 which engages the inner wall of the hood 57, so that when the plungers 48 thereof, the roller 55 being mounted 0p of the roller.

are operated to on the flask 17 for stably supporting the ,adjustably mounted on the hood 57, and in lowering of the flask onto 7 cause the elevation of the lifting rails 36, the roller 80 rides in engagement with the inner wall of the hood and raises the same from the osition shown in Figure 5 to that shown in l igure 6, the mold 11 being thus moved into position as shown in Figure 6 for quick removal from the machine. When a new mold is replaced into the position shown in". Figure 6, the reverseoperation of the plungers causes the simultaneous lowering of the lifting'rails 36 and the hood 57 to the position shown in Figure 5, as will be apparent.

As heretofore mentioned, a consideratum of the invention comprehends the production of an apparatus in which a large number of the, operations to produce a cast, such as the i control of the speeds of the mold,the manipulation of the mold to effect the desired metal distribution, the operation of the means for transferring the molds to and from the machine, andothe movement of the mold housing or hood, may be performed and controlled with great ease and convenienee by a single unskilled operative. From the above it will be seen that this object of the invention is attained by the remote control of the means for moving the bed and I of the means for operating the mold elevating mechanism and the hood, and by placing these under the control of a single-opera-' the speed controller 22 for controlling tive at the station S who may also operalte t e speed of operation of the machine. In carrying'out the various steps of the method, it will be apparent that the operator will first cause the elevation of the bed by operation of the valve 75, and will then close the switch 24 togstartthe rotation of the moldsimultaneously with the beginning of the pouring operation, and will then cause the levelling o the bed by effecting a reverse operation of this valve at a predetermined'stage of the. pouringoperation by means to be described .more in detail hereinafter.- This operator may thereafter manually control the cod of the machine by operation of the han le 31 after the machine has attained the maximum speed. After the machine is brought to a stop, the same operator may cause the operation of the mold elevating means and the lifting of the hood by opera tion of the control valve 46, and may thereafter cause a reverse o eration of the valve to bring the new mol in making of a new casting.

"As described in the above referred to patcut, the driving motor 21 is arranged-to be quickly coupled to and uncoupled from the mold 11 to permit the rapid removal of a mold and casting and a replacement of a new mold therefor, the motor being connectable to the mold by means of a coupling mechanism designated as 81 comprising a facev plate 82 having attached thereto a resiliposition for the iron splashings or s 'ent or flexible plate 83 carrying a male present and preferred construction, the mo tor 21 is mounted on a motor base 86 slidably movable in spaced guides 87 5 87, fixed to the bed of the machine, this movementbeing effected by means of a shaft 88 which is introduced. into the ribs of the bed plate immediately under the motor base, this shaft extending to one side of the machine base and provided with an operating lever 89 fixed to the extending end, the said shaft being also provided with spaced upstanding arms '90, 90, which pass up through a slot in the bed plate and engage the slots .91.

in the motor base 86, so that by the moving of the main lever 89 forward or backward as desired, the motor may be moved on its base to effect the coupling and uncoupling operation. This movement may be accomplished very ra idly with. the o erator in a position where e can with one and adjust the male coupling member to the correct position with reference to the female couphng member in the end of the flask, and

ing lever. v

To permit the-pouring operationto' be elficaciously carried out with the mold in theinclined position and during the levelling of the mold, the pouring spout or runner box of our invention is mounted on the bed of the machine so as to be movable there-v with, the preferred construction including the mounting of the runner box on the hood 'with the other hand manipulate the operat- 57. More s ecifically, we provide a runner box genera y designated as 92 mounted for longitudinal movement on a runner box bracket .93 which is mounted on a door 94 hin edly attached to an end plate 95 secured to 51c hood 57. The runner box 92 is'preferably. an all case iron construction provided with a replaceable shoe .96 made of cast iron, the wearing (shoe taking 11 any cutting action that may take place uring the pouring operation, "this wearing shoe being easily and cheaply replaced.

Preparatory to a pouring operation, the runner box 92 is moved from the full line position shown in Figure 1, with the runner box in retracted condition, to the position shown in dotted linesin said figure, and is first cleaned by freein the same of whatever 'vers that may have been left therein from the previous cast. The runner box is then painted with a carbon facing which is put on in a liquid state and owing to the temperature of the runner the moisture is immediately driven off, which v This tends to protect the iron the cutting action of the hot carbon face. runner against 7 metal and preserves its life, and also prelongitudinally of the bracket 93 pouring spout the same with a different size of a refractory vents the hot metal from sticking thereto. After the runner has been thus prepared, it is returned to the full line POSltlOll shown in Figure 1, and the runner box is moved so that the thereof projects into the mold and more specifically into the lower portion of the opening thereof, as clearly shown 1nv Figure 2 of the drawings, the lower end of the runner resting on the mounting therefor 'as shown at 91. l J

Vith the runner in this position shown in Figure 2,'the pouring is begun and after the complete charge is delivered into the mold, the runner is moved to the retractedposition shown inFigure 1, so that any tendency of condensation of moisture on the runner generated during a-cast-ing op eration will be obviated, condensatiom of such moisture on the runner causing an undesirable disturbance when the hot iron isintroduced therein during the next? casting step. The longitudinal adjustment of the runner box is also desirable so as to permit of as close a fit between the extreme end of the runner and the mold as is'possible, so as to prevent any tendency of providing a passage for iron to flow back out of the mold during the ouringstep. The slidable mounting of t e runner box also permit the liinging of the runer box in an eflicient manner it being desirable to slip the runner into the'ret-ract'ed position to clear the mold before revolving the runner bolt to the open or dotted line position, (Figure 1). It will be understood, however, that the runnerbox need not be longitudinally movable and that the same may be stationarily mounted, andproper clearance provided between the mold and the portion of the runner enter ing the mold. In the preferred construction the runner .box is removably mounted on the bracket 93 so that in changing from one size mold to-another it is merelyneces sary to removeone size runner and replace runner, the quick replacement being provided by constructing the supporting bracket '93 in the form of two

open guide members

93 and 93.

For the purpose of preventing any chilling of the iron when a casting is made, our present invention includes the production of an all refractory surface throughout the body of the mold and at the spigot end as well as at the bell end. To provide an all refractory surface vat the spigot end, i the present invention includes the utilization retainer annulus 98, (see Figure 12) and more articularly a dry sand annulus which is ma e of the proper diameter so that it .is received by and snugly fits der into the linin into the mold just after the "mold-is faced and before the provided therein. To firmly retain the an nulus 98 in position and to prevent thesame' from, backing out of the mold wh'en'ithe metal is cast thereinto, the front face of the annulus 98 is notched out as at 100, (four I! 19, this annulus being placed beaded configuration 99 is of these notches being usually provided) to allow room for a nail to lie-forced into the sand lining 19 immediately under the re taining or stripper plate 101. construction the mold surface presents a complete sand face to the iron, and all metallic mold faces having a tendency to chill the iron are eliminated.

As heretofore indicated, the pouringot' the metal is preferablyaccomplished automatically, the pouring operation being prefcrably controlled by the operator at the station S. This pouring operation is also desirably coordinated with the levelling of" the machine, sot-hat the greater portion of the metal and approximately thereof is poured into the r'unnerbox' while the mold is rotating at the relatively low speed and is in the inclined position andthe pouring operation completed as the speed of the mold is increased from the inclined to the horizontal position, the levelling of the mold being initiated automatically by the means which controls the pouring of the metal. i

The mechanism for accomplishing this coordinated operation of the pouring and levelling means is shown combinedly in Figures 1, 2, 13 and 14 of the drawings, and referring to these figures there is slioivirthe ladle 110 mounted on trunnions 111, which may be hung from above ormoun'ted on the machine, the said ladle being tiltable/ by means of a control line 112 trained over the sheaves 113, 114, spaced at opposite end:- of the machine and the idler sheave 11L journalled on the standard 115, the control line being guided over the operating sheave 116 and the end thereof secured in fixed po sition to the pneumatic cylinder 117, the said cylinder being, controlled by a valve 118 connected thereto by pneumatic line 119, operation of the cylin effecting the movement of a plunger 120 which carries the operating sheave 116. \Vith this construction it will be seen that when the valve 118 is operated to effect the ascent of the plunger 120, the control line 112 will be pulled to tilt the ladle 1'10 and effect the pouring of, a metalcharge therein into the runner box 92, and that when the valve 118 is operated reversely, the descent of the plunger 120 will be effected, resulting in the return movement-of the ladle 110 to its upright and non-pouring position. I

To coordinate the pouring. operation with means of the valve 75 for the cylinders 69 and 70 is automatically operated at a given point of the movement .of the plunger 120. This is shown in Figures 13 and 14 of the drawings, wherein the plunger 120 is provided with a plunger extension 121 comprising a yokeshaped member having a-pluralityof sets of aligned perforations 122 adapted for se lectively receiving a pin 123 movable into engagement with a lever 124 fulcrumed on a link 125 journalled in a stationary part of the valve 75, the said lever being connected to a valve plunger 126 which operates the valve 75. The valve 75 is a threeway valve: of any approved construction provided with the line 76 heretofore mentioned which is connected to the bed levelling cylinders 69 and 70, and with the fluid supply line 127 and fluid discharge line 128.

With'th is construction it will be evident that when the valve 118 is operated to effect the elevation of the plunger 120 to produce the pouring operation, at a predetermined stage of the pouring operation, the pin 123 will come into engagement with the lever 124 and effect the downward movement of the plunger 126 folhop'erating the valve 75, the operation being such that the discharge line 128 is opened for communication with the cont 01 line 76 to effect the levelling of the mol Itwill be further seen that after the pouring operation has been-completed and .the mold moved to the horizontal, the valve 118 may be reversely operated as mentioned to return the ladle 110 to its non-pouringposition Without effecting the reverse opera-' tion of the valve 75, this being due to the unidirectional cooperation between the pin 123 and the lever 124.

I eration and the levelling operation and after turned to its elevated position by the reverse I After the com'pletion of the pouring opthe casting and the mold have been replaced by a fresh mold, the machine may be reoperation of the valve 75, and to this end the lever 124 is provided with an operating tweenthe control line 76 and the supply'line faced mold is rolled into the machine into handle 129 upward movement of which opcrates the valve 75 to close communication between the control line 76 and the discharge line 128 and open communication be- 127 "for elevating or inclining the mold.

It has been found desirable to positively control the rate of levelling movement of the mold in accordance with the needs .of I service. To this end the discharge line 128' may be controlled by means of a bypass manifold generally designated as 130 which is provided with a plurality of bypass valves such as 131, 132, 133 'and 134, all of which are closed except the one selected for use, the openingigsof these bypassvalves being graduated y means of the

bushings

131, 132', 133' and 134, progressivelj varyin in cross-sectional area. NVhere a,relati vel ume of the metal introduced into the individual pipe before the walls of the pipe have sufliciently solidified to a point where the machine can be stopped and the mold removed therefrom. In order to shorten this time of spinning and to materially increase the capacities of the machines for making pipe, we prefer to subject the casting to a cooling treatment by the introduction of a supply of air into the inside of the pipe at any desired time after the metal has been poured, this air causing the metal to set more quickly and enabling the machine to be brought to a stop in abeut onehalf the time that it would otherwise require. This air cooling step may be carried out in a number of Ways, and one preferred method of performing this step is shown in Figure 11 of the drawings, in which an air" line 102 is provided, the said air line being movable through the hollow armature shafting 103 of the motor '21, the said air line being advanced in the direction as shown by the arrow in said figure for. ejecting a plug 104-from the head core 105 of the mold, thus providing a direct opening to the air line, the air being then turned on and the air pipe advanced through the hollow armature shaft' and into the pipe to whatever distance is desired to accomplish the result,

The manner of practicing our improved process and the operation of the improved machine will in the main be fully apparent 'from the above detailed description therethe position shown in Figure 6, after which the operator at station S manipulates the valve 46 and effects a lowering of the mold onto the supporting rollers, this operation simultaneously closing the hood 57 Another operator then couples the motor 21 to 85 depending upon the temperature and volthe mold 11 by operating the lever 89 and the runner box 92 is then moved into position with the pouring spout thereof projecting into the pouring opening of themold. The operator at station S then manipulates the valve '7 5 to elevate the bed and mold to the inclined position. 'lhe'sameoperator then closes the switch 24 which starts the motor running and the mold rotating at the low speed, after which the operator manipulates the valve 118 to effect the pouring of the metal. After about three-quarters of the metal pouring has taken place, the valve 75 is automatically. operated, causing the levelling of the mold and the simultaneous increasing of the speed of operation thereof. After the mold reaches the horizontal position at or about the time the pouring operation ceases, the runner box 92 is moved to the retractedposition and the same opera-I tor at the station S manually cdntrols the speed of the motor 21 by means of the control lever 31 to first reduce the speed of the mold in steps to the medium speed and to then finally bring the machine to a halt. The

cooling of the casting by the introduction of a stream of air therein may be can" (1 on simultaneously with the last recited step. When the casting is sufiiciently cooled, the operator at the station S'manipulates the valve 46 reversely, causing the elevation of the mold and the casting and the simultaneous opening, of the hood, the mold then being in a position to be-rolled out of .the machine for replacement by a new mold for a repetition of this cycle of operation. It will thus be apparent that withthe improvemerits in the method and apparatus provided. the casting operation maybe carried out with considerable eiliciency and with.

substantial economy, a casting unit being provided which is capable of being manned by a small number of unskilled laborers, and the unit operated so as to permitof the production of castings ina relatively short time.

While we have described our process and shown our apparatus in the preferred manner and form, it will be obvious that many changes, and modifications may be madein the steps of the method and in the structure of the aparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention defined in the following claims.

The pivotal mounting or axis of the supporting frame 10 is described as adjacent,

that is to say'near one end of the mold.

. This arrangement provides a balance for the parts, the weight of the motor substantially balancing the weight of the parts on the opposite side of the axis, so that the tilting of the mold is comparatively easy. The arrangement also. provides for the very speedy return of the mold to level position,

a of movement being required It will be understood that the invention relates particularly to the castin of ipes. of substantial length, and usua y of the bell and spigot type. During the first part of the operation, which for convenience may be described as the charging stage, the rota tion of the mold is at a speed relativel so low that centrifugal'force is insuihcient to hold the metal on the mold wall. Thus uniform longitudinal distribution of the fluent metalis attained. The relatively high low,

speed at which-the mold is later rotated at-' tains circumferential distribution. f

1. In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, the method which consists in rotating a mold at'a relat-ively low speed while the mold is in a position inchned to the horizontal, in charging the mold with 'molten metal, and in moving the mold from its inclined to a substantlally horizontal position while simultaneously increasing the,

(speed of rotation thereof. a I 2. In the method of centrifugally casting hollow bodies in a rotary mold movable from a ,tilted to a substantially horizontal position, the step of simultaneously levelling the mold while molten metal intr'oduced therein is still in a fiuid condition and increasing the speed of rotation thereof from a relatively low to a relatively high speed.

3. In the method of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies in a rotary mold movable from a tilted to a substantially horizontal position, the step of simultaneously levelling the mold while a metal charge is bein introduced therein and increasing the spec of rotation thereof from a relatively low, to a relatively high speed.

4. In the art of centrifugally'casting hollow metal bodies, the method which consists in rotating a mold at a relatively low speed while'the mold is in a position in clined to the horizontal. in introducing molten metal intothemold at the elevated end thereof. in moving the mold from its inclined to a substantially horizontal or level position while the metal is still in a fluid condition. and in increasing the speed of. rotation of the mold during the levelling thereof. 7 5. In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies. the method which consists in rotating a mold at a relatively low speed while the mold is in a position inclined to th horizontal, in moving the mold from its inclined to a substantially horizontal or charging the mold with molten metal while the same is in the inclined position and during the time of levelling thereof.

. inclined position, the remaining portion of the charge being introduced during the time of movement of the mold from'the inclined to the substantially horizontal position.

7 In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, the method which consists in slightly inclining a rotary mold, in quickly and quietly moving the mold from its inclined'to a substantially horizontal position while rotating the mold at a noncasting speed, andin delivering molten metal into the mold to charge the same while the mold is in the inclined position and during the time of movement of the mold from the inclined to the horizontal position.

8. In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, the method which consists in inclining a rotary mold, in moving the mold from its inclined tov a substantially horizontal position, and in delivering about 75% of a metal charge into the mold while the latter is in the inclined position, the re. maining portion of the charge being introduced during the time of movement of the mold from the inclined to the substantially I ing hollow metal bodies in a'rotary horizontal position.

9. In the method of centrifugally castmovable from a tilted to a substantially horizontal position, the step of charging the mold while the same is in a slightly inclined position and throughout the time of movement of the mold from the tilted to the horizontal position.

10. In the method of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies in a rotary mold movable from a tilted to asubstantially horizontal position, the step of introducing about of a metal charge into the mold'' while the same is in the inclined position and the remaining portion of the charge while the mold is moved from the tilted to the substantially horizontal position.

11. In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, the'method which con- 60 sists in rotating a mold at a relatively low speed while the mold is in a position inclined to the horizontal. incharging the mold with molten metal and in moving the mold from its inclined to a substantially horizontal position while simultaneously increasing the mold '12. In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, the method which con sists in'rotating a; mold at a relatively low speed while the mold is in a position inclined to the horizontal, in moving the mold from lin speed, in'f charging the same with molten gealed state. 13. In the art of centiifugally casting its inclined to a substantially horizontal position while simultaneously increasing the speed of rotation thereof to a relatively high speed, in introducing a charge of molten M metal into the mold while the same is in the inclined position and during' the time of movementthereof to the horizontal position, and in then rotating the mold at a medium speed until the metal has hollow metal bodies, the method which consists in rotating a mold at a relatively low speed while the mold is in a position inclined to the horizontal, in moving the mold from assumed a conits inclined to a substantially horizontal position while simultaneously increasing the speed of rotation thereof to a' relatively high speed, in introducing a charge of molten metal into the mold while the same is in the inclined position and during the time of movement thereof to the horizontal position, and in then reducingthe speed of rotation of the mold in steps to a medium speed andcontinuing the said medium speed until the metal has assumed a congealed state. y

14. In the method of centrifugally ,castrotary sanddined mold movable from a slightly tilted to a substantially horizontal position, the steps which consist in arrang ing hollow metal bodies with bell ends in a 15. In the method'of centrifugally castling hollow bodies in a rotary mold movable from a tilted to a substantially horizontal r 115,

position, the steps of simultaneously levelthe mold containing a metal charge whlle the metal is still in a fluid condition and increasing the speed of rotation thereof from a low to a high speed, in then decreasing the speed of rotation of the mold to a medium speed, and maintaining the same at y the medium speed untilthe metal congeals. 16. In the art of centrifugally casting sists in rotating a mold at a relatively low metal, and in increasing" the speed of rotahollow metal bodies, the method which contion'thereof and simultaneously imparting a further movement to the mold other than a rotary movement while the metal is still in increasing speeds of rotation thereof.

- speed at the low speed an 18. In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, the method which consists in rotating a mold at a relatively low speed, in simultaneously increasing the of rotation thereof to a high speed and imparting a further movement to the mold other than a rotary movement, and in charging the mold with molten metal, the greater proportion of the charge being introduced into the mold durin the rotation thereof the remainder of the charge *bein introduced into the mold during the time that the speed of the mold i is being increased.

19. In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, the method which consists in rotatinga mold at a relatively low speed while the mold is in a position inclined to the horizontal, in moving the mold from its inclined to a substantially horizontal or level position while simultaneously increasing the speed of rotation thereof, and in introducing f the greater part of a metal chargei'into the -being introduced during the time of movemold while the matter is in the inclined-position, the remaining portion of the charge mentof the mold from the inclined to substantially horizontal position.

20. In the art of centrifugally casting holthe low metal bodies,'the method which consistsin inclining a rotary mold, in moving position, the step of introducing the. mold from its inclined to a substantially horizontal position, and in delivering the greater part of a metal charge into the mold while the latter is in the .inclinedposition, the remaining portion of the charge being introduced during the time of movement of the mold from the inclined to the substantially horizontal position. 21-. In the method of c'entrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, in a rotary mold movable from a tilted to a substantially horizontal the greater part of a metal charge into the mold while the same is in the inclined position and the remaining portion of the charge while the mold is moved from the tilted to the substantially horizontal position.

22. In the art of centrifugally casting 1101- low metal bodies, the method which consists in rotating the mold at a relatively low speed while the mold is 1n a position inclined to the horizontal, in moving the mold from its inclined to a substantially horizontal or level position while simultaneously increasing the speed of rotation thereof to a relatively high speed, in charging the mold with molten metal while the same is in the inclined position an( during the time of levellin thereof, and in then reducing the speed 0 rotation of the 'mold in steps to a medium speed and continuing the said medium speed until the metal congeals.

23; In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, the method which consists in delivering'a substantial proportion of aw metal charge into a mold while the latteris. rotating at a relatively low speed andin introducing the remainder of the charge while the speedof rotation of the mold is increased.

24. In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal in delivering the greater portion of a metal charge into a mold while the latter is rotating at a relatively low speed and in introducing the remainder of the charge while the speed of rotation of the mold is increased to a. relatively high speed.

25. In the art of centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, the method which consists in delivering about of a metal charge into a mold while the latter is rotating at a relatively low speed and in introducing the remainder of the charge Whilethe speed of rotation of the mold is increased.

26. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies comprisinga rotary mold mounted for movement between inclined and substantially horizontal positions, means for rotating the mold, and mechanism for mbving the mold from the inclined to the substantially horizontal position and simultaneously increasing the speed of rotation thereof 27 An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary refractorymold mounted for movement between inclined and substantially horizontal positions, means for rotating the mold, and mechanism for moving the mold from the inclined to the substantially horizontal position and simultaneously increasing the speed of rotation thereof. i

28. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary -mold and instrumentalities for uniformly distributing l a charge of molten metal throughout the body of the mold comprising -means for rotating the mold and mechanism for imparting to the mold a movement supplemental to the rotary movement and simultaneously increasing the speed of rotation thereof.

29. An apparatus for centrifugally casting metal bodies having bell ends, comprising a rotary mold having a bell-shaped bodies, the method which consists structure at one end and a pouring opening at the other end, and instrumentalities for for uniformly distributing a charge of I moltenmetal throughout the body of the mold comprising means for rotating the mold and mechanism for imparting to the .-m'old a movement otheinthan the rotary movement while the metal is still in a molten ing hollow metal bodies, comprising a rotary mold mounted for movement between inclined and substantially horizontal positions, means for rotating the mold, mecha- "nism for moving the mold from the inclined to the substantially horizontal position, and

' means taperated by such latter movement of the mol for increasing the speed of rotation thereof. V r j 31. An apparatus for centrifugally casting. hollow metal bodies, comprising a rotary mold mounted for movement between inclined and substantially horizontal positions,means for rotating the mold, mechanism for .moving the mold from the inclined to'the substantially horizontal position, nd means operative for increasing the speed of rotation of the mold during the levelling thereof. 7 Q

. 32. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary mold mounted for moveme t between inclined and substantially hori ontal positions, means for rotating the mold, mechanism for moving the mold from the inclined to the substantially horizontal position and simultaneousl increasing the speed of rotation thereo and means for charging the mold-with molten metal operative while the,

, .mold is in the inclined position and during.

the levelling thereof* 33. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary mold mounted for movement between inclined and substantially horizontal posi-.

tions, means operative for rotatin the mold at a relatively 'low speed while in the inclined position, and mechanism for moving the mold from the inclined to the substantially horizontal position and for simultaneously operating said rotating means to increase the speed of rotation of the mold to a relatively high speed. Y

.34. An apparatus for centrifugally cast- .ing hollow metal bodies comprising a ro-- tary mold, mechanism for moving the mold between inclined and substantially horizontal positions, means for controlling the speed of rotation of the mold and instrumentalities for operating the controlling means to increase the speed of rotation of themold when the mol ismoved from the inclined to the horizontal position, the said, instrumentalities being inoperative to afl'ect the controllin means when the mold is moved from the iorizontal to theinclincd position.

35. An apparatus for cent'ril'uga ly casting hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary mold, means for rotating the mold, mechanism for moving the mold between inclined'and substantially horizontal positions, means for controlling .the speed of rotation of the mold, and instrumentalities operated by movement of the mold from the inclined to the horizontal position for actuating the controlling means to increase the speed of the mold, the said instrumentalities being associated with the controlling means to permit the latter to be manually operated to decrease the speed of the mold.

36. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary mold, means for rotating the mold,

mechanism for moving the mold between inclined; and substantiall horizontal positions, means for control ing the speed of I rotationof the mold, and instrumentalities operated by movement ofthe mold from the inclined to the horizontal'position for actuating the controlling means to increase 1 the speed of the mold, the said instrumentalities being associated with the controlling prising a rotary mold mounted for move- 7 ment between inclined and, substantially horizontal positions, means for rotating the mold and mechanism for charging thekmpld and simultaneously moving the .same from the inclined to the horizontal position.

38. 'A centrifugal casting apparatus com prising a rotary mold and instrumentalities for uniformly distributing a charge of molten metal throughout the body of the mold com rising means for. rotating the mold and mec anism for imparting to the mold a movement supplementalto the rotary movement while simultaneously charging the mold with molten metal, and in a direction to modify thecircumferential flow of the metal due to the rotation of the mold.

39. A centrifugal casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold mounted for movement between inclined and substantially horizontal positions, meansfor rotating the mold, mechanism for charging the mold and means operated by said mechanism at a predetermined point of the-charging step for ing of the mold.

and mechamsm automatically operable at a the inclined to the substantially horizontal position.

42. An apparatus for centrifugally casthollow metal bodies comprising a rotary mold mounted for movement between in-" clined and substantially horizontal positions, means for rotating the mold, mechanism for charging the mold and means operated by said mechanism after a about 75% of the charging operation has been effected for moving the mold from theinclined to the substantially horizontal position.

43. A centrifugal casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold, means for rotating the mold, and mechanism operable for charging the mold and simultaneously increasing the speed of rotation thereof.

44. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary mold, means for rotating themold, means for charging the mold with molten metal,

and mechanism. operable by the charging means for increasing the speed of rotation 45. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary mold, means for rotating the mold, means for charging the mold with molten metal, and mechanism operable by and at a predetermined point of operation of the charging means for increasingthe speedof rotation of the mold.

46. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary mold, means for rotating the mold, means for charging the mold with molten metal,

predetermined point of operation of the charging means for increasing the speed of rotation of the mold. e

47. An apparatus for centrifugally cast-- ing hollow metal bodies comprising a rotary mold, means for rotating the mold, means for charging the mold with molten metal, and mechanismautomatically operable after about 75% of the charging operation has taken place for increasing the speed of rotation of the mold during the remainder of the charging operation, a

48. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, comprising a rotary mold, and a su port therefor pivoted near one end, the otlier and adapted .to be lifted to incline the mold, and a fluid operated plunger upon which the said other end rests to be lifted thereby to incline the mold and to be returned to horizontal position by gravity during the downward movement of theplunger.

. 49. An apparatus mg hollow metal bodies, comprising a rotary mold, and a support'therefor. pivoted near one end, the other end adapted to be lifted to incline the mold, a fluid operated plunger upon which ,the said other end rests to be lifted thereby to incline the mold and to be returned to horizontal position by gravity during the downward movement of the plunger, and remote control means for operating the plunger.

50. An apparatus for centrifugally' casting hollow metal bodies, comprising a rotary-mold supported at one end to be infor centrifugally cast- I clined by the lifting of the other end, a fluid operated plunger upon which the said other, end rests to be lifted thereby and to be returned by gravity during the downward movement of the plunger to uniformly distribute a charge of metal in the mold.

51. An apparatus for ccntrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, comprising 'a' frame or bed for removably supporting a rotary mold, the bed pivoted near one end, the other end adapted to be lifted to incline the mold, a" fluid operated plun er u on which the said other end rests to be ifte thereby and to be returned to horizontal position by gravity during the downward movement of the lunger, and a. control line connecting the control valve with the cylinder.

52. An apparatus for centrifugally easting hollow metal bodies, comprising a frame or bed for supporting a rotary mold and movable between a horizontal position and a position inclined to the horizontal, a driving means for rotating the mold located'on thebed at one end thereof, fluid operated means active on the other moving the same between the horizontal and ,inclined positions, and a control means in a region adjacent the first mentioned end of the bed for controlling the operation of the fluid operated means.

53. An apparatus for centrifugally casting hollow metal bodies, comprising a frame or bed for supporting a rotary mold and movable between a horlzont-al position and end of the bed for a position inclined to the horizontal, means l'ocated'on the bed at one end thereof. for rotating the same, mechanism operative on the other end of the bed for moving the same between the horizontal and inclined posi-