US2065570A - Electrode structure - Google Patents

Electrode structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US2065570A
US2065570A US594779A US59477932A US2065570A US 2065570 A US2065570 A US 2065570A US 594779 A US594779 A US 594779A US 59477932 A US59477932 A US 59477932A US 2065570 A US2065570 A US 2065570A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
particles
base
silver
globules
compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US594779A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sanford F Essig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE394586D priority Critical patent/BE394586A/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US594779A priority patent/US2065570A/en
Priority to FR750290D priority patent/FR750290A/fr
Priority to DER87338D priority patent/DE740591C/de
Priority to GB5700/33A priority patent/GB407521A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2065570A publication Critical patent/US2065570A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/36—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
    • H01J29/39—Charge-storage screens
    • H01J29/43—Charge-storage screens using photo-emissive mosaic, e.g. for orthicon, for iconoscope
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/913—Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
    • Y10T428/2438—Coated
    • Y10T428/24388—Silicon containing coating

Definitions

  • nvvm TOE SanflrdEEssig H/SATTOF/VEK Patented Dec. 29 1936 UNITED STATES ELECTRODE STRUCTURE SanfordfF. Essig, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application February 24, 1932, Serial No. 594,779
  • My invention relates to improvements in methods of making mosaic electrode structure of the general type used in cathode ray apparatus for developing picture signals in the art of television, an example of which i's described in detail in the copending application of Vladimir K. Zwory'kin, filed May 1, 1930, hearing Serial No. 448,834, and assigned to the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company.
  • Mosaic electrode structure of the character referred to comprises an insulating supporting base'member to which are applied or which carries individual, minute, photosensitive, electri- 'callyconductive elements insulated from each other and spaced uniformly apart.
  • the object to be transmitted is illuminated and an image thereof is projected onto the photosensitive surface of the mosaic structure. Electron emission then to scan the surface thereof at the rate of 16 to 20 times persecond.
  • the eifectiveness of the apparatus in-developing picture signals, which correspond faithfully with the light image of the object, is dependent in large part upon the capability of the minute individual elements to store up linearly and retain their electrostatic charges until they are struck by the electron ray.
  • a suitable insulating base member such as a sheet of mica or an aluminum sheet coated with a layer of aluminum-oxide, is coated on one side thereof with a thin layer of an electrically-conductive material.
  • Heat is then applied in such degree and for such length of time as is required to develop such a surface tension in the material that individual and minute portions thereof draw up in the form of particles, droplets or globules spaced from each other, the number of particles or globules. and the average size thereof in a unit area being sufficient to satisfy the operating requirements referred to above in the way of detail of picture reproduction.
  • This action in other words, might be explained as a general breaking-up of the continuous film of electrically-conductive material into the individual, minute and closely spaced particles or globules.
  • the globules are then provided with an insulating coating which, if the material used is silver, is in the form of a silver-oxide coating over each of the silver particles or globules.
  • globules are then photosensitized in any well-- known manner, during which step any leakage paths between adjacent particles or globules are removed.
  • Figure l is a fragmentary, perspective and highly-magnified view of the materials at the first step in the process of manufacture
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are fragmentary, elevational and highly-magnified views, illustrative of the second step
  • Fig. 4 isa plan view in perspective of Fig. 3, on a reduced scale.
  • Figs. 5, 6, and '7 are fragmentary, sectional and highly-magnifled views, illustrative of the third, fourth and fifth steps, respectively.
  • a silver compound such as silver-oxide or' silver-carbonate
  • a supporting base member of any suitable insulating material such as a sheet ID of mica.
  • the silver compound may be applied by spraying, dusting, brushing, flowing, printing on to the supporting base with or without the use of a mask, or in any other suitable manner, to form a thin layer of the ..compound on one side of the mica sheet.
  • the layer of silver compound by the dusting method it is proposed to place the mica sheet l0 under a bell jar, and inject very small particles or grains l2 of silver-oxide or silvercarbonate to form a fog, the particles then being permitted to settle onto the upper face of the mica sheet to form a film, the thickness of which is only of the order of several times the size of a grain of the compound.
  • the particles of the silver compound are taken from a supply made by grinding silver-oxide or silver-carbonate until the grains are of about the same size of those in talcum powder.
  • the mica sheet with the thin silver-coinpound is then removed, and inserted into a furnace, at
  • a temperature of the order of 800 degrees centigrade for a period of the order of 15 seconds, after which the structure is removed and allowed to cool.
  • temperature and period of time have been found to be suflicient to substantially completely reduce the silver compound to metallic silver, and to cause the formation of minute, individual globules or particles of the silver spaced from each other and sufiicient in number per unit area to satisfy the operating requirements.
  • the second step in my improved method it is believed that the minute ,,grains i 2 of the silver compound, closely packed to constitute in eifect a continuous, thin layer on the mica sheet, are each reduced to metallic silver and the silver particles, under the intense,
  • the next and third step in the present exemplification of my invention consists in oxidation of the silver particles or globules to form on each an insulating oxide film of definite thickness.
  • the structure is mounted in the ray apparatus, the tube is evacuated, and oxygen admitted in sufllcient amount to completely carry out the oxidation step. In some cases, it has been determined that oxygen at a pressure of one tenth of a millimeter of mercury is adequate for this purpose.
  • the electrode structure is then subjected to a high-frequency field of suillcient intensity to cause ionization of the oxygen atoms. This action causes a film 26 of silver-oxide of definite thickness to form on each of the silver globules.
  • the next and fourth step consists in photosensitizing each of the oxidized silver particles or globules, for which purpose the tube is evacuated to remove any residual oxygen, and a caesium .capsule previously mounted in the container, is
  • This step causes deposition of caesium
  • the tube is connected to a continuously-operating highvacuum pump, and baked at a temperature of from 200 to 225 degrees centigrade until the particles or globules have substantially the maximum degree of photosensitivity, as indicated by effecting such further removal of the caesium on the latter as to appreciably change the degree of photosensltivity thereof.
  • the usual metal electron gun disposed in the neck of the tube is maintained, by a high-frequency field, at a temperature sufficiently above that at which caesium begins to vaporize, thereby preventing condensation of the caesium vapor on the metal parts of the gun.
  • the pure metal may be applied directly to form a film on the'insulating base member. This may be done in any suitable manner such as by chemical deposition by the so-called Brashear process, by evaporation in a vacuum from a molten bead of the metal, by sputtering in 'a partial vacuum. This also may be done by the so-called Schoop process of spraying with the metal.
  • the second step and the remaining oxidizing and photosensitizing steps are then carried out as before explained.
  • the steps in the method of preparing a cathode ray tube having a mosaic electrode structure having isolated microscopic particles supported upon fan insulating base and mounted within a cathode ray tube to be photosensitized which comprise the steps of' depositing a layer of alkali metal coating the particles only, and maintaining, during the period inwhichthealkali metal is deposited, the cathode ray source within thetube at a temperature above the vaporizing alkali metal be- ,temperature of the photosensitive alkali metal.
  • the additional steps comprising subjecting the cathode ray gun within the tube during the period of depositing the alkali metal to a high frequency field.
  • a mosaic photosensitive electrode structure which comprises an insulating base, a plurality of isolated metallic particles microscopic in size formed upon the insulating base, an oxide layer upon each isolated particle, and a photosensitive material upon the oxide layer formed upon the particles only.”
  • the process of forming a mosaic light sensitive surface on a heat resisting nonconducting base which comprises applying a metal compound to the base, heating the heat resisting non-conducting base surface and the metal compound to a temperature of the order of 800 C. to reduce the compound to a metal so as to thereby form on the base isolated metallic particles each of minute size, applying a layer of alkali metal upon the entire surface and subsequently heating the surface at a reduced temperature to remove the alkali metal between the'particles.
  • steps in the process of forming a mosaic surface upon an insulating base which comprise applyingto the base a material from which through heat treatment microscopic particles of electrically conductive material may be derived and then applying heat of sufficient intensity to the coated base to ca'rry'the temperature of the base surface to a value of the order of 800 C. within a time period of the order of seconds to form a plurality of microscopic sized particles each isolated one from the other.
  • the process of forming sensitive surface on a non-conducting base whichcomprises applying to the non-conducting base a material from which through heat treatment particles of microscopic size of electrically conductive material may be derived, heating the"coated base member to cause the I particles each isolated one from the other, applying a layer of alkali metal upon the entiresurface and then removing the alkali metal between the produced isolated microscopic sized electrically conductive particles.
  • a mosaic photo-sensitive electrode struc- I h ture which comprises an insulating base. a plurality of isolated metallic particles each microscopic 15.
  • the steps in the process of forming a mosaic surface on an insulating base which comprise applying a metal compound to the base and then reducing the compound to a plurality in size formed upon the insulating base, said parof isolated metallic particles microscopic in size upon the base by the application of heat, the temperature of the surface of the insulating base being limited to a value of the order of 800* C. for a time period not exceeding fifteen seconds.
  • a mosaic photosensitivewlectrode struc-' ture which comprises an insulating base, a plu rality of isolated metallic particles each microscopic in size formedfupon the insulating base, said metallic particles being substantially inactive under normal conditions of temperature and V -pressure and formed from the metal in which the surface tension is greater than the molecular adhesion to the base, ⁇ and a photosensitive'material coating the particles 0 19.
  • the steps in the process of forming a mosaic surface on a, heat resisting. insulating base which comprise" applying to the base a material from which through heat treatment microscopic size particles of electrically conducting material may be derived, the said material having a melting point higher than 800 C., then heating the heat resisting insulated base surface and the material to a temperature of the order of 800 C. to form on the base a plurality of isolated particles each of microscopic size, and limiting the duration of heating to a time period of the order of 15 seconds.
  • steps in the process of forming a mosaic on an insulating base member which comprise applying a metal compound to the base, then heating the insulating base surface and the metal compound to a temperature of the order of 800 C. to-reduce the compound to a metal and thereby to form on the basea plurality of isolated particles each ofminute size, and dis continuing the heating upon the formation of the isolated particles by heat reduction.
  • steps in the process of forming a mosaic electrode surface on an insulating base which include applying an electrically conducting metal to the base, heating the metal to cause the formation of a plurality of isolated metallic particles each of microscopic size upon the base, applying photoelectric material to the surface subsequent to the production of the isolated particles thereupon and removing the photoelectric material in the area between the isolated particles.

Landscapes

  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US594779A 1932-02-24 1932-02-24 Electrode structure Expired - Lifetime US2065570A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE394586D BE394586A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1932-02-24
US594779A US2065570A (en) 1932-02-24 1932-02-24 Electrode structure
FR750290D FR750290A (fr) 1932-02-24 1933-02-08 Perfectionnements aux électrodes en mosaïque
DER87338D DE740591C (de) 1932-02-24 1933-02-22 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer photoelektrischen Vielzellentafel
GB5700/33A GB407521A (en) 1932-02-24 1933-02-24 Improvements in or relating to mosaic electrode structures for use in cathode ray apparatus for television and similar purposes and to methods of manufacture of the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US594779A US2065570A (en) 1932-02-24 1932-02-24 Electrode structure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2065570A true US2065570A (en) 1936-12-29

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ID=24380369

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US594779A Expired - Lifetime US2065570A (en) 1932-02-24 1932-02-24 Electrode structure

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US (1) US2065570A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE394586A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE740591C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR750290A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB407521A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429933A (en) * 1945-08-08 1947-10-28 Western Electric Co Image translating device
US2476590A (en) * 1943-07-03 1949-07-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cathode coating
US2539410A (en) * 1944-10-06 1951-01-30 Farnsworth Res Corp Method of forming a glass film on metal
US2602921A (en) * 1946-10-12 1952-07-08 Sperry Corp Aircraft traffic control system
DE899393C (de) * 1935-03-20 1953-12-10 Electrical & Musical Ind Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung von photoaktivierten Mosaikschirmen, insbesondere fuer Kathodenstrahlsenderoehren
US2945089A (en) * 1943-08-30 1960-07-12 Sturdy Cage Projects Inc Microwave television system
US3449162A (en) * 1965-09-17 1969-06-10 Analytic Systems Co Method of making oxygen measuring cells
US4357368A (en) * 1978-12-26 1982-11-02 Rca Corporation Method of making a photosensitive electrode and a photosensitive electrode made thereby

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE896952C (de) * 1935-05-12 1953-11-16 Emi Ltd Speichernder Kathodenstrahlbildabtaster mit einseitiger Speicherelektrode
US2429089A (en) * 1943-10-13 1947-10-14 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Production of electrical condenser plates
US2560151A (en) * 1944-12-23 1951-07-10 Svenska Elektronror Ab Method of coating electrical contact pins
CN115650767B (zh) * 2022-09-30 2024-04-19 安徽锐光电子科技有限公司 云母片喷银热处理变色方法

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE899393C (de) * 1935-03-20 1953-12-10 Electrical & Musical Ind Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung von photoaktivierten Mosaikschirmen, insbesondere fuer Kathodenstrahlsenderoehren
US2476590A (en) * 1943-07-03 1949-07-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cathode coating
US2945089A (en) * 1943-08-30 1960-07-12 Sturdy Cage Projects Inc Microwave television system
US2539410A (en) * 1944-10-06 1951-01-30 Farnsworth Res Corp Method of forming a glass film on metal
US2429933A (en) * 1945-08-08 1947-10-28 Western Electric Co Image translating device
US2602921A (en) * 1946-10-12 1952-07-08 Sperry Corp Aircraft traffic control system
US3449162A (en) * 1965-09-17 1969-06-10 Analytic Systems Co Method of making oxygen measuring cells
US4357368A (en) * 1978-12-26 1982-11-02 Rca Corporation Method of making a photosensitive electrode and a photosensitive electrode made thereby

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE740591C (de) 1943-10-23
FR750290A (fr) 1933-08-08
GB407521A (en) 1934-03-22
BE394586A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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