US2054895A - Short wave radiation - Google Patents

Short wave radiation Download PDF

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Publication number
US2054895A
US2054895A US677733A US67773333A US2054895A US 2054895 A US2054895 A US 2054895A US 677733 A US677733 A US 677733A US 67773333 A US67773333 A US 67773333A US 2054895 A US2054895 A US 2054895A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
axis
sender
mirror
reflector
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US677733A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dallenbach Walter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MEAF Machinerieen en Apparaten Fabrieken NV
Original Assignee
MEAF Machinerieen en Apparaten Fabrieken NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Publication of US2054895A publication Critical patent/US2054895A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave

Definitions

  • the radiated energy will preferably be reception in other directions, but such arrangeemitted in the equatorial plane MNF while only 20 ments fail to give satisfaction in view of the invery slight portions of the rays will fall into the creasing use of receiving devices.
  • angular space PFQ where the radiation leaves the By producing a wave of peculiar structure the mirror without being reflected and concentrated.
  • An electromagnetic oscillator such as an eleccording to Fig. 1, which produces greater concentric or magnetic dipole, has an axis of symmetry tration of the rays in the interest of secrecy and in which it practically does not radiate at all. in order to avoid interference with adjacent sta-
  • the rays emitted by it extend chiefly vertically tions.
  • the new arrangement 30 to the axis in the equatorial plane and decrease makes it possible to reflect practically the entire in the direction towards the pole in the square radiated energy emitted by the sender ST on the of the cosine of the geographical latitude.
  • the new arrangement affords another tionof propagation into which the rays were to advantage. The energy emitted by the radiator be thrown.
  • the axis of leaves the mirror without passing over the radisymmetry of an aerial is, therefore, as a rule, ator again, as is always the case with arrangeoriented vertically to the earths surface.
  • concentration of hitherto customary type a coupling will thereradiation for instance by means of reflectors.
  • the new arrangement further possesses a speadvance may be made by arranging the axis of cial feature by supplying a ray of a certain strucsymmetry of the emitter in a different way if a ture, The intensity of radiation is greatest on a reflector is used.
  • cylindrical face having the axis X-X and the By way of example, the invention is illustrated circle above the diameter MN'as cross section, 55
  • the magnetic lines of force are circles about the axis X-X, but the electric lines of force extend as cross sectional lines of torus faces which also have the axis of symmetry X-X for their axis of'rotation. In Fig. 3, this is shown in perspecti the general arrangement being the same as in Fig. 1.
  • the points of greatest intensity of radiation are located on the circular cylinder'constructed above the diameter MN with the axis X-X.
  • a section made vertically to the axis of this circular cylinder represents a magnetic line of force H.
  • the intensity of the magnetic field strength along such a line of force H varies for a certain length of time periodically in the direction of the axis X-X in so far as the field strength, dropping from maximum to zero, attains after half a wave length the maximum value in opposite direction.
  • the electric field strength for points near the circular cylinder of maximum'intensity of radiation is chiefly radially directed, i. e., in distances length with maximum intensity or outwardly. At distances amounting to a few wave lengths from the cross sectional surface MN the 'maxima of magnetic field strength will coincide with the maxima of electric field strength.
  • Magnetic and electric field strengths are, therefore, arranged relative to one another as indicated by the vectors E and H.
  • the novel arrangement of the emitter relative to themirror thus permits the formation of a tube-like ray which possess the advantage of extremely sharp concentration and which permits reception by another station only if transmitting and receiving stations are accurately adjusted to one another.
  • Fig. 2 shows an arrangement in which the electric dipole is replaced by amagnetic dipole in the form of a circular conductor disposed in the focus coaxially with the mirror and traversed by a high frequency current.
  • This arrangement shows the lines of force disposed in a manner coinciding with that of Fig. 3, provided the magnetic lines of force are substituted for the electric lines.
  • the arrangement described in connection with a transmitter can be used also for a mirror system intended for reception, provided that the the tube-like form mentioned above, since only in this case will an emitter adjusted with its axis of symmetry to the direction of propagation respond.
  • the formation of the beam according to the invention compared with an ordinary plane may therefore be likened to a safety key while the plane wave represents an ordinary key.
  • the highly complicated structure of the beam compared with a plane wave requires a corresponding adaptation of the reception to the transmitted wave and thus protectsthe receiving station to a very high degree against responding due to any electromagnetic interferences of other kinds, so that reception is rendered free from interferences.
  • Rays of the kind described are particularly suited also for electric train protection.
  • Theemitters disposed in the mirror may be tubes or serials connected with tubes by high frequency circuits.
  • a parabolic mirror having coinciding axes of metry
  • a cylindrical mirror disclosing a parabola in cross section may be employed. If in this arrangement the axis of the dipole is disposed again in the direction of propagation of the ray coming from the mirror, the wave leaving the mirror is no 15 longer rotation-symmetrical but. has a plane of symmetry, 1. e., the plane determined by the parabola and the direction of the surface lines of the cylinder.
  • the axis of the electric dipole is disposed vertically in the focus of a parabolic mirror adjusted with horizontal axis.
  • the beam leaving the mirror is then, over the entire cross section, approximately linearly polarized in such a way that at 25 all points of the cross section of the beam the electric field strength is directed approximately vertically and the magnetic field strength approximately horizontally, so that the beam corresponds accurately to a space.
  • a parabolic mirror having coinciding axes of symmetry and rotation a parabolic mirror is chosen whose cross section, vertically to the axis of symmetry, will produce an ellipse
  • the cross section of the tubular ray will also be elliptically deformed and, if the major axis of the elliptical cross section is extended to infinity, pass into the fall of the ray with the axis of symmetry.
  • a system for the transmission of messages by short electric waves consisting of a sender and a receiver, the sender .comprising a rotarysymmetrical reflector and an electric dipole, the receiver comprising a rotary-symmetrical refiector and an electric dipole, each dipole arranged in the focus of the associated reflector and extend ing in the direction of the axis of the reflector, whereby the sender produces a tubular parallel radiation field, the receiver receiving this tubular radiation field.
  • a system for the transmission of messages by short electric waves consisting of a sender and a receiver, the sender comprising a rotarysymmetrical reflector anda magnetic dipole, the receiver comprising a rotary-symmetrical reflector and a magnetic dipole, each magnetic dipole arranged in the focus of the associated reflector and its axis of symmetry coinciding with the axis whereby the sender produces a tubularradiation field, the receiver receiving this tubular radiation field.
  • a system for transmitting messages with short electric waves consisting of a sender and a receiventhe sender containing a rotary-sym- 1 rotation and syml0 plane wave limited as to 30 metrical reflector and a dipole, the receiver conup by the receiver practically over its entire cross taming a rotary-symmetrical reflector and a disection. pole, each dipole being disposed in the focal point 5.
  • a system for transmitting messages through of the associated reflector, and its axis of synrshort electric waves consisting of a sender and a metry coinciding with the axis of symmetry of receiver, the sender comprising a reflector and an s the reflector, whereby the sender generates a oscillator, the receiver comprising a reflector cortubular parallel radiating field, the receiver reresponding to the reflector of the sender and an ceives this tubular radiatinrfield.
  • oscillator which is disposed in the reflector of 4.
  • a system for transmitting messages through the receiver in the same position as the oscillator short electric waves consisting of a sender and a of the Sender n he eflecto 0f the S d each 10 receiver, the sender comprising a reflector and an oscillator dispos d in e focal P i f h oscillator, the receiver comprising a reflector corflector, its axis coinciding with the direction of responding to the reflector of the sender and an the m tt d a t n.
  • each oscillator disposed in the focal prises anon-homogeneous, parallel radiation field point of the reflector, its axis coinciding with the and substantially the entire cross section of the 145 direction 01 the emitted radiation, whereby the m e a i n m is taken p y th receiver sender produces a non-homogeneous parallel practically over its entire cross section.
  • radiation field and substantially the entire cross section of the emitted radiation beam is taken WALTER DALLENBAOH.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
US677733A 1932-07-06 1933-06-26 Short wave radiation Expired - Lifetime US2054895A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE408837X 1932-07-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2054895A true US2054895A (en) 1936-09-22

Family

ID=6422339

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US677733A Expired - Lifetime US2054895A (en) 1932-07-06 1933-06-26 Short wave radiation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2054895A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR757299A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB408837A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL38496C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2438343A (en) * 1942-07-09 1948-03-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp High-frequency radiation system
US2559092A (en) * 1940-02-29 1951-07-03 Reulos Rene Directional aerial
US2702858A (en) * 1945-09-19 1955-02-22 Foster John Stuart Rear paraboloid feed for round guide
US3009154A (en) * 1957-09-05 1961-11-14 Philco Corp Directive antenna system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2559092A (en) * 1940-02-29 1951-07-03 Reulos Rene Directional aerial
US2438343A (en) * 1942-07-09 1948-03-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp High-frequency radiation system
US2702858A (en) * 1945-09-19 1955-02-22 Foster John Stuart Rear paraboloid feed for round guide
US3009154A (en) * 1957-09-05 1961-11-14 Philco Corp Directive antenna system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR757299A (fr) 1933-12-22
NL38496C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB408837A (en) 1934-04-19

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