US2054896A - Reflector system for ultrashort electric waves - Google Patents

Reflector system for ultrashort electric waves Download PDF

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Publication number
US2054896A
US2054896A US686635A US68663533A US2054896A US 2054896 A US2054896 A US 2054896A US 686635 A US686635 A US 686635A US 68663533 A US68663533 A US 68663533A US 2054896 A US2054896 A US 2054896A
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reflector
primary antenna
antenna
primary
emitter
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Expired - Lifetime
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US686635A
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Dallenbach Walter
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MEAF Machinerieen en Apparaten Fabrieken NV
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MEAF Machinerieen en Apparaten Fabrieken NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination

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  • This invention relates to a reflector arrangement for ultra-short electric waves.
  • l is the primary emitter, an electric dipole, fed by the high frequency circuit 2.
  • the emitter I is disposed approximately in the focus of a parabolic mirror 3 and produces therefore a more or less bundled ray, as indicated by the boundary lines 4.
  • a stray ray indicated by the lines 5 is sent forth towards the front by the reflector and lost with respect to the useful ray 4.
  • a secondary emitter I is arranged a certain distance which depends upon the wavelength and is preferably determined experimentally by measuring, at a suflicient distance, the intensity of radiation with respect to the reflector axis and, simultaneously, bringing the dipole 1 and the emitter l closer together up to the point where maximum intensity of the useful ray is attained.
  • the increase in output made possible by such an arrangement amounts at least to twice the normal output and, at all events, is greater than the increase that can be effected by a supplementary reflector.
  • the arrangement according to the invention permits of various changes. It is not necessary to have the dipole l fed by a high frequency circuit, since the dipole I may also be disposed inside a transmitting tube or valve which itself is located almost in the focus of the parabolic reflector. In this case, owing to the extent of the glass bulb, it is sometimes not possible to bring the secondary emitter close to the primary emitter so as to insure maximum intensification of the emission, and for this reason it is advisable to dispose both the secondary and the primary emitters in the bulb of the sending tube.
  • an electric dipole l a magnetic dipole, preferably in the form of a closed circuit.
  • FIG. 2 Another arrangement is shown in Fig. 2 in which a magnetic di-pole 8 (closed oscillatory circuit) is provided in the main reflector 3 as a primary emitter. An electric di-pole I0 is used as a secondary emitter. Both the di-poles 8 and I0 are enclosed in a common vacuum vessel l3. If the circuit 8 represents an oscillatory generator, the secondary circuit can be brought close to this generator and also at a most suitable distance with respect to the primary circuit in the case of very short waves.
  • the axes of the electric and magnetic di-poles must be disposed perpendicularly to one another, that is, the axis of the electric di-pole is preferably positioned in the plane of the circuit and perpendicularly to the direction of propagation of the bundled or grouped ray, concentrically with the mirror axis.
  • Another possibility of combination consists in providing an electric dipole to serve as primary emitter and a magnetic dipoleto act as secondary emitter.
  • Still another embodiment of the invention provides that instead of the parabolic reflector another reflector arrangement be used which is capable of influencing the electromagnetic rays coming from the emitter with respect to extension in space, and particularly of bundling them.
  • a reflector system may, for instance comprise a number of electric dipoles disposed parallel to the transmitting electric dipole on a parabolic curve.
  • parabolic curve l2 extending in a plane vertically to the extent of the dipoles and having as axis the connecting line of the centers from I to I.
  • the invention is of particular interestto the communication art employing electric waves in the centimeter and decimeter sphere.
  • a system for transmitting or receiving ultra-short electromagnetic waves comprising a substantially parabolic wave-reflector, a primary antenna, a reflector antenna consisting of a single wire'tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna', said primary antenna being disposed substantially at the focus of said parabolic reflector and spaced from said reflector antenna a distance substantially equal to one-fourth the wave length, said reflector antenna being disposed on the side opposite the apex of said parabolic reflector, whereby stray radiation passing from the primary antenna is thrown back on said parabolic reflector.
  • a system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a metal reflector designed as a rotary paraboloid, a rodshaped primary antenna arranged adjacent the focal point perpendicularly and symmetrically to the axis of the reflector, and a single rod-shaped secondary antenna tuned to the frequency of the primary antenna and arranged parallel to the primary antenna and symmetrical to the axis of the reflector, said secondary antenna being spaced from the primary antenna on the side opposite the apex of the reflector a distance less than onefour'th of the wave length whereby the stray ray emitted from the primary antenna is thrown back on said reflector.
  • a system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a metal reflector designed as a rotary paraboloid, a rodshaped primary antenna arranged adjacent the focal point perpendicularly and symmetrically to the axis of the reflector a high frequency circuit intersecting the apex of the reflector and connected to the primary antenna, a single rods' haped secondary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and arranged parallel to the primary antenna and symmetrical to the axis of the reflector, said secondary antenna being spaced from the primary antenna on the. side opposite the apex'of the reflector a distance less than one-fourth of the wave length whereby the stray ray emitted from the primary antenna is thrown back on the metal reflector.
  • a system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a wave reflector including rod-shaped conductors arranged on a parabolic cylindrical surface, a primary antenna in the focal line of said reflector, and a single secondary antenna in a plane through the primary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and spaced from the primary antenna on the side opposite the apex of said reflector a distance less than one-fourth of a plane through the primary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and spaced from the primary antenna on the side opposite the apex of the reflector a distance less than one-fourth of the wave length whereby the stray ray emitted from the primary antenna is thrown back on the reflector.
  • a system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a substantially parabolic wave reflectorand a primary antenna designed as a closed oscillatory circuit, the primary antenna being disposed adjacent the focal point of the reflector, a single secondary antenna in a plane through the primary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and spaced from the primary antenna on the side opposite the apex of the reflector a distanceless than one-fourth of the wave length whereby the stray ray emitted from the primary antenna is thrown back on said reflector.
  • a system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a substantially parabolic wave reflector and a primary thrown back on said reflector.
  • a system as claimed in claim 7 characterized in that said secondary antenna is arranged inside of said electron tube.
  • a system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a substantiallyparabolic metal'reflector and a closed oscillatory circuit as a primary antenna provided in an electron tube adjacent the focal point of the reflector, leading-in wires to said tube passing through the apex of the reflector, and a single rod-shaped secondary antenna in a plane through the primary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and arranged within the electron tube symmetrically to the axis of the reflector and spaced from said primary antenna a WALTER DALLENBACH.

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Description

Sept. 22, 1936. w. DALLENBACH 2,054,895
'. REFLECTOR SYSTEM FOR ULTRASHORT ELECTRIC WAVES Filed Aug. 24, 1953 Patented Sept. 22, 1936 PATENT OFFICE REFLECTOR SYSTEM FOR ULTRASHORT ELECTRIC WAVES Walter Ditllenbach, Berlin-Charlottenburg, Germany, assignor to N. V. Machinerieen-en Apparaten Fabrieken Meal, Utrecht, Netherlands Atalanta August 24, 1933, Serial No. 686,635 In Germany September 16, 1932 9 Claims.
This invention relates to a reflector arrangement for ultra-short electric waves.
It is known already to increase the effect of a parabolic reflector used for instance for forming a pencil of rays in conjunction with an emitter for electromagnetic waves by throwing back to the emitter or to the reflector that portion of the rays emitted by the sender concerned which does not strike the reflector by means of a supplementary reflector. In this way energy otherwise lost by stray radiation can be utilized either for stimulating the transmitter or by being added to the useful concentrated ray by reflection, which is emitted by the main reflector.
Experiments have shown that an effect similar to that produced by a supplementary reflector can be attained by employing a secondary emitter, such as an electric dipole, instead of the supplementary reflector.
It has been proposed to build up such supplementary reflectors from dipoles arranged at a distance tothe right and left of the axis of symmetry of the main reflector. However, this arrangement involves considerable interference with the useful radiation coming from the reflectors. As experiments have proved, a maximum of directional effect and intensity of useful radiation will be attained if, according to the invention, the secondary emitters are arranged in the shadow of the primary emitter, i. e., on the axis of symmetry of the reflector. Simultaneously, the use of only one secondary emitter affords the advantage of simplicity.
By way of example, the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Figures 1, 2 and 3 show various embodiments of the invention in diagram.
Referring first to Fig. 1, l is the primary emitter, an electric dipole, fed by the high frequency circuit 2. The emitter I is disposed approximately in the focus of a parabolic mirror 3 and produces therefore a more or less bundled ray, as indicated by the boundary lines 4. In addition to this ray, a stray ray indicated by the lines 5 is sent forth towards the front by the reflector and lost with respect to the useful ray 4. Parallel to the primary emitter l and concentrically with respect to the reflec or axis 6 a secondary emitter I is arranged a certain distance which depends upon the wavelength and is preferably determined experimentally by measuring, at a suflicient distance, the intensity of radiation with respect to the reflector axis and, simultaneously, bringing the dipole 1 and the emitter l closer together up to the point where maximum intensity of the useful ray is attained. Experiments have proved that the increase in output made possible by such an arrangement amounts at least to twice the normal output and, at all events, is greater than the increase that can be effected by a supplementary reflector.
The arrangement according to the invention permits of various changes. It is not necessary to have the dipole l fed by a high frequency circuit, since the dipole I may also be disposed inside a transmitting tube or valve which itself is located almost in the focus of the parabolic reflector. In this case, owing to the extent of the glass bulb, it is sometimes not possible to bring the secondary emitter close to the primary emitter so as to insure maximum intensification of the emission, and for this reason it is advisable to dispose both the secondary and the primary emitters in the bulb of the sending tube.
It is further possible to employ instead of an electric dipole l a magnetic dipole, preferably in the form of a closed circuit.
Another arrangement is shown in Fig. 2 in which a magnetic di-pole 8 (closed oscillatory circuit) is provided in the main reflector 3 as a primary emitter. An electric di-pole I0 is used as a secondary emitter. Both the di-poles 8 and I0 are enclosed in a common vacuum vessel l3. If the circuit 8 represents an oscillatory generator, the secondary circuit can be brought close to this generator and also at a most suitable distance with respect to the primary circuit in the case of very short waves.
It will be noted that in this embodiment, the axes of the electric and magnetic di-poles must be disposed perpendicularly to one another, that is, the axis of the electric di-pole is preferably positioned in the plane of the circuit and perpendicularly to the direction of propagation of the bundled or grouped ray, concentrically with the mirror axis.
Another possibility of combination, not shown, consists in providing an electric dipole to serve as primary emitter and a magnetic dipoleto act as secondary emitter.
Still another embodiment of the invention provides that instead of the parabolic reflector another reflector arrangement be used which is capable of influencing the electromagnetic rays coming from the emitter with respect to extension in space, and particularly of bundling them. Such a reflector system may, for instance comprise a number of electric dipoles disposed parallel to the transmitting electric dipole on a parabolic curve.
parabolic curve l2 extending in a plane vertically to the extent of the dipoles and having as axis the connecting line of the centers from I to I.
In all the arrangements described best effects will be produced if the secondary emitter is tuned to the frequency of the primary emitter.
The arrangement described in connection with emitters can be used equally well for receivers.
The invention is of particular interestto the communication art employing electric waves in the centimeter and decimeter sphere.
1. A system for transmitting or receiving ultra-short electromagnetic waves, comprising a substantially parabolic wave-reflector, a primary antenna, a reflector antenna consisting of a single wire'tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna', said primary antenna being disposed substantially at the focus of said parabolic reflector and spaced from said reflector antenna a distance substantially equal to one-fourth the wave length, said reflector antenna being disposed on the side opposite the apex of said parabolic reflector, whereby stray radiation passing from the primary antenna is thrown back on said parabolic reflector.
2. A system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a metal reflector designed as a rotary paraboloid, a rodshaped primary antenna arranged adjacent the focal point perpendicularly and symmetrically to the axis of the reflector, and a single rod-shaped secondary antenna tuned to the frequency of the primary antenna and arranged parallel to the primary antenna and symmetrical to the axis of the reflector, said secondary antenna being spaced from the primary antenna on the side opposite the apex of the reflector a distance less than onefour'th of the wave length whereby the stray ray emitted from the primary antenna is thrown back on said reflector.
3. A system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a metal reflector designed as a rotary paraboloid, a rodshaped primary antenna arranged adjacent the focal point perpendicularly and symmetrically to the axis of the reflector a high frequency circuit intersecting the apex of the reflector and connected to the primary antenna, a single rods' haped secondary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and arranged parallel to the primary antenna and symmetrical to the axis of the reflector, said secondary antenna being spaced from the primary antenna on the. side opposite the apex'of the reflector a distance less than one-fourth of the wave length whereby the stray ray emitted from the primary antenna is thrown back on the metal reflector.
4'. A system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a wave reflector including rod-shaped conductors arranged on a parabolic cylindrical surface, a primary antenna in the focal line of said reflector, and a single secondary antenna in a plane through the primary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and spaced from the primary antenna on the side opposite the apex of said reflector a distance less than one-fourth of a plane through the primary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and spaced from the primary antenna on the side opposite the apex of the reflector a distance less than one-fourth of the wave length whereby the stray ray emitted from the primary antenna is thrown back on the reflector.
6. A system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a substantially parabolic wave reflectorand a primary antenna designed as a closed oscillatory circuit, the primary antenna being disposed adjacent the focal point of the reflector, a single secondary antenna in a plane through the primary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and spaced from the primary antenna on the side opposite the apex of the reflector a distanceless than one-fourth of the wave length whereby the stray ray emitted from the primary antenna is thrown back on said reflector.
7. A system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a substantially parabolic wave reflector and a primary thrown back on said reflector.
8. A system as claimed in claim 7 characterized in that said secondary antenna is arranged inside of said electron tube.
9. A system for transmitting or receiving ultrashort electromagnetic waves comprising a substantiallyparabolic metal'reflector and a closed oscillatory circuit as a primary antenna provided in an electron tube adjacent the focal point of the reflector, leading-in wires to said tube passing through the apex of the reflector, and a single rod-shaped secondary antenna in a plane through the primary antenna tuned to the frequency of said primary antenna and arranged within the electron tube symmetrically to the axis of the reflector and spaced from said primary antenna a WALTER DALLENBACH.
US686635A 1932-09-16 1933-08-24 Reflector system for ultrashort electric waves Expired - Lifetime US2054896A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2425716A (en) * 1937-07-24 1947-08-19 Research Corp Electromagnetic horn
US2463569A (en) * 1943-11-17 1949-03-08 Raytheon Mfg Co Apparatus for treating gaseous media
US2474384A (en) * 1944-04-28 1949-06-28 Philco Corp High-frequency radiant energy absorbing device
US2477694A (en) * 1940-06-15 1949-08-02 Csf Radio waves radiators
US2486620A (en) * 1943-10-25 1949-11-01 Us Navy Antenna system for short waves
US2509283A (en) * 1945-10-25 1950-05-30 Rca Corp Directive antenna system
US2520945A (en) * 1943-08-18 1950-09-05 Sperry Corp Wave transmission apparatus
US2532919A (en) * 1947-04-21 1950-12-05 Johnson William Arthur Radio aerial system, and particularly directive aerial system
US2532920A (en) * 1947-04-21 1950-12-05 Johnson William Arthur Radio aerial system, and particularly directive aerial system
US2551586A (en) * 1945-08-09 1951-05-08 Lee R Dobler Antenna system
US2638547A (en) * 1945-09-18 1953-05-12 Us Navy Electromagnetic wave controlling apparatus
US2926349A (en) * 1957-03-29 1960-02-23 Jack H Jensen Corner reflector antenna
US2982962A (en) * 1953-08-19 1961-05-02 Gen Railway Signal Co Antenna system
US3031664A (en) * 1959-10-01 1962-04-24 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Polarisation screen and filter for radio waves
US3271552A (en) * 1963-02-01 1966-09-06 Litton Prec Products Inc Microwave heating apparatus
US3483563A (en) * 1965-10-13 1969-12-09 Collins Radio Co Combination vertically-horizontally polarized paracylinder antennas

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2982961A (en) * 1957-03-20 1961-05-02 Calvin C Jones Dual feed antenna
US3096520A (en) * 1958-03-06 1963-07-02 Hermann W Ehrenspeck Endfire array
PT104638A (en) * 2009-06-22 2010-12-22 Alexandre Tiago Batista De Alves Martins PROPULSION SYSTEM USING THE VACUUM ANTIGRAVITY FORCE AND APPLICATIONS.

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2425716A (en) * 1937-07-24 1947-08-19 Research Corp Electromagnetic horn
US2477694A (en) * 1940-06-15 1949-08-02 Csf Radio waves radiators
US2520945A (en) * 1943-08-18 1950-09-05 Sperry Corp Wave transmission apparatus
US2486620A (en) * 1943-10-25 1949-11-01 Us Navy Antenna system for short waves
US2463569A (en) * 1943-11-17 1949-03-08 Raytheon Mfg Co Apparatus for treating gaseous media
US2474384A (en) * 1944-04-28 1949-06-28 Philco Corp High-frequency radiant energy absorbing device
US2551586A (en) * 1945-08-09 1951-05-08 Lee R Dobler Antenna system
US2638547A (en) * 1945-09-18 1953-05-12 Us Navy Electromagnetic wave controlling apparatus
US2509283A (en) * 1945-10-25 1950-05-30 Rca Corp Directive antenna system
US2532920A (en) * 1947-04-21 1950-12-05 Johnson William Arthur Radio aerial system, and particularly directive aerial system
US2532919A (en) * 1947-04-21 1950-12-05 Johnson William Arthur Radio aerial system, and particularly directive aerial system
US2982962A (en) * 1953-08-19 1961-05-02 Gen Railway Signal Co Antenna system
US2926349A (en) * 1957-03-29 1960-02-23 Jack H Jensen Corner reflector antenna
US3031664A (en) * 1959-10-01 1962-04-24 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Polarisation screen and filter for radio waves
US3271552A (en) * 1963-02-01 1966-09-06 Litton Prec Products Inc Microwave heating apparatus
US3483563A (en) * 1965-10-13 1969-12-09 Collins Radio Co Combination vertically-horizontally polarized paracylinder antennas

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FR757228A (en) 1933-12-22
GB399770A (en) 1933-10-12

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