US2054628A - Fuel oil - Google Patents
Fuel oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2054628A US2054628A US675710A US67571033A US2054628A US 2054628 A US2054628 A US 2054628A US 675710 A US675710 A US 675710A US 67571033 A US67571033 A US 67571033A US 2054628 A US2054628 A US 2054628A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- copper
- fuel
- fuel oil
- ignition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
- C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
Definitions
- Fuel -oil containing such primers is used chiefly in connection with internal combustion engines of the so-called Diesel type inwhich ignition of the fuel is effected by the heat developed in the compression of the air and it has been previously proposed to add to fuel oil for such engines a small percentage of a primer which explodes when rapidly heated, the temperature at which it explodes being lower than the spontaneous ignition temperature of the fuel oil itself.
- Diesel type in which ignition of the fuel is effected by the heat developed in the compression of the air and it has been previously proposed to add to fuel oil for such engines a small percentage of a primer which explodes when rapidly heated, the temperature at which it explodes being lower than the spontaneous ignition temperature of the fuel oil itself.
- the beneficial action of such primers for shortening the period between the injection of the fuel oil and its ignition, and in eliminating bumping, has already been pointed out by previous workers.
- oxygenated organic compounds of copper e. g., copper salts of organic acids such as copper oleate, or the copper compound of acetyl acetone or of propionyl acetone, which are non-explosive in character and therefore more suitable for commercial use.
- copper salts of organic acids such as copper oleate
- copper compound of acetyl acetone or of propionyl acetone which are non-explosive in character and therefore more suitable for commercial use.
- these substances may be added to the oil in concentrations up to about 10%, but preferably smaller amounts of the order of 1-'5% are used.
- My primers are also valuable as additions to oils containing large quantities of aromatic bodies, which are characterized by high spontaneous ignition temperatures. I can thus use oils obtained by the destructive distillation or hydrogenation of coal or the like, which have hitherto been of little or no value as fuel oil for internal combustion engines.
- the invention contemplates the addition of two or more primers to the fuel oil, one of which is selected to lower the ignition temperature and another of which is selected to reduce the delay period.
- I may 5 add to a fuel oil of the Diesel type, for example middle oil produced by the destructive hydrogenation of coal, an oxygenated copper compound or'- compounds and an alkyl nitrate or nitrite.
- I may add to a middle oil produced 10 by-the destructive hydrogenation of coal, which oil was initially a spontaneous ignition temperature of 395 C., and a delay period of 2.8 seconds at 400 C. (measured in an experimental apparatus of the Moore typel 0.5% by weight of ethyl 1 onds, whilst 2% of copper oleate when added alone to the oil, reduces the spontaneous ignition temperature to 355 C., and the delay period at 400 C. to 1.9 seconds.
- a compression ignition fuel comprising a high boiling fuel oil of the type used as fuel for Diesel engines and two separate compounds, one ethyl nitrateand the other. an oxygenated organic compound of copper, each of said compounds being present in amounts of the order of 2.
- a compression ignition fuel comprising a high boiling heavy oil of the type used as fuel for Diesel engines, ethyl nitrate, and an oxygenated compound of copper, said compound being taken from the class consisting of copper oleate, copper acetyl acetone and copper propionyl acetone, each of said compounds being present in amounts of -the order of 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the resulting mixture.
- a compression. ignition fuel comprising a high boiling heavy ;oi1 of the type used as fuel v for Diesel enginesjethyl nitrate and copper oleate, said ethyl nitrate and copper oleate being present in amounts of the orderof 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the resulting mixture.
- a process of modifying a middle oil obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of coal so that it may be used as a compression ignition Iuel which comprises addingto said oil ethyl nitrate and a. compound of the group consisting of copper oleate, copper acetyl acetone and copper propionyl acetone, each oi. these compoundsbeing added in amounts of the order of 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the resulting mixture.
- a process of modifying a middleoil obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of coal so that 'it may be used as a compression ignition fuel which comprises adding to said oil ethyi'nitratc and copper oleate, each of these ingredients be ing added in amounts of'the order of 0.5%- to 5.0% by weight of the resulting mixture.
Description
Patented Sept. 15, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FUEL OIL No, Drawing. Application June 14, 1933, Serial No. 675,710. In Great Britain June 15, 1932 5 Claims. (Cl. 44-9) This invention relates to fuel oil and to primers therefor which are added to the fuel oil for the purpose of lowering its spontaneous ignition temperature and/or accelerating its combustion. Fuel -oil containing such primers is used chiefly in connection with internal combustion engines of the so-called Diesel type inwhich ignition of the fuel is effected by the heat developed in the compression of the air and it has been previously proposed to add to fuel oil for such engines a small percentage of a primer which explodes when rapidly heated, the temperature at which it explodes being lower than the spontaneous ignition temperature of the fuel oil itself. The beneficial action of such primers for shortening the period between the injection of the fuel oil and its ignition, and in eliminating bumping, has already been pointed out by previous workers.
I have now found that excellent primers for fuel oil are provided by oxygenated organic compounds of copper, e. g., copper salts of organic acids such as copper oleate, or the copper compound of acetyl acetone or of propionyl acetone, which are non-explosive in character and therefore more suitable for commercial use. These substances may be added to the oil in concentrations up to about 10%, but preferably smaller amounts of the order of 1-'5% are used.
My primers are also valuable as additions to oils containing large quantities of aromatic bodies, which are characterized by high spontaneous ignition temperatures. I can thus use oils obtained by the destructive distillation or hydrogenation of coal or the like, which have hitherto been of little or no value as fuel oil for internal combustion engines.
Thus an oil fraction boiling up to 300 C., ob-
tained by the destructive hydrogenation of coal,
0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the resulting mixture.
was tested in a Moore apparatus and found to have a spontaneous ignition temperature of 400 C., the delay period between injection and ignition at this temperature being three seconds. By adding 2% of copper oleate to the oil the spontaneous ignition temperature was reduced to 355 C. and the delay period to 1.9 seconds. By adding 1% of the copper compound of propionyl acetone to another sample of the oil, the spontaneous ignition temperature was reduced to 365 C. and the delay period to 2.2 seconds- Certain of the substances which it has been suggested to add as primers lower the ignition. temperature of the oil but have a relatively small effect on the' delay period, whilst with other substances the delay period is reduced but the ignition temperature is not lowered to the desired extent. In one of its forms the invention contemplates the addition of two or more primers to the fuel oil, one of which is selected to lower the ignition temperature and another of which is selected to reduce the delay period. Thus, I may 5 add to a fuel oil of the Diesel type, for example middle oil produced by the destructive hydrogenation of coal, an oxygenated copper compound or'- compounds and an alkyl nitrate or nitrite.
For example, I may add to a middle oil produced 10 by-the destructive hydrogenation of coal, which oil was initially a spontaneous ignition temperature of 395 C., and a delay period of 2.8 seconds at 400 C. (measured in an experimental apparatus of the Moore typel 0.5% by weight of ethyl 1 onds, whilst 2% of copper oleate when added alone to the oil, reduces the spontaneous ignition temperature to 355 C., and the delay period at 400 C. to 1.9 seconds.
The above description and speciflcexamples are illustrative only. Any variation therefrom or modification thereof which conforms to the spirit of the invention is included within the scope of the claims.
I claim: r
1. A compression ignition fuel comprising a high boiling fuel oil of the type used as fuel for Diesel engines and two separate compounds, one ethyl nitrateand the other. an oxygenated organic compound of copper, each of said compounds being present in amounts of the order of 2. A compression ignition fuel comprising a high boiling heavy oil of the type used as fuel for Diesel engines, ethyl nitrate, and an oxygenated compound of copper, said compound being taken from the class consisting of copper oleate, copper acetyl acetone and copper propionyl acetone, each of said compounds being present in amounts of -the order of 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the resulting mixture.
3. A compression. ignition fuel comprising a high boiling heavy ;oi1 of the type used as fuel v for Diesel enginesjethyl nitrate and copper oleate, said ethyl nitrate and copper oleate being present in amounts of the orderof 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the resulting mixture.
4. A process of modifying a middle oil obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of coal so that it may be used as a compression ignition Iuel which comprises addingto said oil ethyl nitrate and a. compound of the group consisting of copper oleate, copper acetyl acetone and copper propionyl acetone, each oi. these compoundsbeing added in amounts of the order of 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the resulting mixture.
5. A process of modifying a middleoil obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of coal so that 'it may be used as a compression ignition fuel which comprises adding to said oil ethyi'nitratc and copper oleate, each of these ingredients be ing added in amounts of'the order of 0.5%- to 5.0% by weight of the resulting mixture.
' DONALD ALBERT HOWE. v
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2054628X | 1932-06-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2054628A true US2054628A (en) | 1936-09-15 |
Family
ID=10897263
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US675710A Expired - Lifetime US2054628A (en) | 1932-06-15 | 1933-06-14 | Fuel oil |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2054628A (en) |
-
1933
- 1933-06-14 US US675710A patent/US2054628A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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