US2050434A

US2050434A - Incinerator

Info

Publication number: US2050434A
Application number: US32558A
Authority: US
Inventors: Frank F Hopkins
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1935-07-22
Filing date: 1935-07-22
Publication date: 1936-08-11
Anticipated expiration: 1953-08-11

Description

jatentecl Aug. 1v1, 193

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

My invention relates to incinerators. It is particularly designed as an incinerator for garbage, and may be used to advantage for like material which is of moist character and difcult to burn.

It is an object of the invention to provide an incinerator of this type which is elicient and which will consume comparatively large quantities of material, and in this connection it is an object to provide means for efficiently and eiectively drying out the material, and automatically delivering the dried material to a burning grate.

It is an object to provide such an incinerator which by proper provision for circulation of water heated at the burning grate, and by p-roviding for p-roper circulation of gases and air through the mass to be dried and burned, will properly dry the mass` of materials prior to their reaching the burning grate, so that they may be effectively and rapidly burned there.

It is an object to provide in conjunction with such an incinerator a bumper grate which receives upon it the mass of material delivered to the incinerator, and which will deliver such material to a drying grate and thence to a burning grate, and which will thus not only protect the drying grate from the immediate load and shock of discharge of the material upon it, but will hold the material above the drying grate for a time, before delivering it to the drying grate, to permit circulation of gases through the material.

It is an object to provide an incinerator of the character described, which may be constructed simply and cheaply, and which has units which are of a character permitting easy access, repair and replacement, as needed.

It is an object to control circulation of air and gases within such an incinerator, thereby 40 to control drying of the material.

My invention comprises the novel incinerator and the novel parts thereof, as shown in the accompanying drawings, described in this specification, and as will be more particularly defined 45 by the claims which terminate the same.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown my invention incorporated in a form which is at present preferred by me.

Figure 1 is a cross section through such an incinerator, taken on a vertical plane, substantially on the line I-I of Figure 2.

`Figure 2 is an elevation, with parts broken away, looking at the machine from the discharge side.

Figure 3 is a plan View, with parts broken away, to show the interior arrangement and the water circulation system.

Figure 4 is a detail section on line 4 4 of Figure 1.

The enclosure may be of any suitable form and 5 type of construction. As shown, the enclosure, generally designated by the numeral I, is formed with an outer wall I0 and an interior lining II which may be of fire brick or other refractory material. This enclosure is provided with a l0 charging opening I2 adjacent one side, or, as shown, n the top, and has an opening at I3 for the discharge of gases. It should also be provided with openings such as the opening I4 through which may be raked bottles, cans and 15 like noncombustible matter, openings I5 and I6 for the admission of air, and openings I1 for inspection or for the admission of air. These several openings are closed by suitable doors, permitting the openings tobe left open or closed, as 20 may be desired.

Within the chamber thus dened is supported a burning grate 2. Preferably this is at the side of the chamber opposite the charging opening I2, and it may be supported at one side upon a 25 wall I8 having checkered brickwork apertures I9 at its upper edge for the passage of gases from the space thus dened between the wall I8 and the adjacent side of the chamber. Extending upwardly from4 the burning grate, and also rest- 30 ing upon the wall, is a drying grate 3, which eX- tends to a point substantially beneath the charging opening I2, and which is shown as supported in the opposite wall of the chamber. Immediately beneath the charging opening I2 35 and spaced somewhat above this end of the drying grate 3 is a bumper grate 4. Preferably this is also inclined somewhat so that material delivered through the charging opening I2 and falling upon the bumper grate 4 will slide or fall 40 by gravity off the bumper grate onto the drying grate, which is of considerable length, but the bumper grate will protect the drying grate from the direct shock and load of the mass of material, and because the bumper grate is of less inclination than the drying grate, and is spaced above the drying grate, the moist material is held back until it dries somewhat, and until the drier material on the drying grate slides down the greater inclination of the latter, and makes room for more of the material from above. A free space is left between the grates 3 and 4 through which air or hot gases may pass through a relatively thin part of the mass of 55 material, as may be seen in Figure 1. Furthermore, the material on the drying grate is in no places a thick bed, since the feed to this grate is controlled as described above, and hot gases will pass with comparative freedom through the materials on the drying grate.

It is preferred that each of the

grates

2, 3 and 4, at least the burning grate 2 and the drying grate 3, be formed as water conduits, and be connected for circulation of water which is heated at the burning grate through the drying grate, and, in the form shown, through the bumper grate 4 also. This may be accomplished by forming these grates of the pipes 20, 39 and 46, respectively, connecting headers 2I and 22, 3| and 32, 4I and 42, respectively. Thus the construction of these grates is simplied, and the removal and replacement of defective pipes is facilitated. The water is not primarily for the purpose of. preventing burning out of the grates, but rather to conduct heat from the hottest part of the incinerator--namely, the grate 2-to the drying grate, by suitable water connections between the two grates.

Water is admitted to the burning grate by the supply connection 25 (see Figures 2 and 3). It circulates through the burning grate, and by the connection at 35 it is led into the header 3| and thence circulates through the drying grate. By the connection at 45 it may be led to the header 4i, and thence circulated through the bumper grate 4, to be discharged at 52. By this circulation of hot water the material resting on the grates. 3 and 4 is dried, and this action may be assisted by passage of air entering through the openings I6 or I1 through the grates, the air becoming heated by its passage over the hot pipes of the grates and by the temperature within the chamber, or this action may be facilitated by passage of hot gases from a starting burner 6 disposed in the space beneath the burning grate 2. The starting burner 6 may be an oil burner, and may be employed only to start the combustion and to preliminarily dry out the rst material supplied, the hot gases passing through the openings I9 and circulating through the grate 3 and the grate 4 to dry out the material thereon, or it may be continued in operation so long as may be necessary to insure proper drying and combustion of the material on the grate 2.

A certain amount of heat developed at the burningv grate 2 heats air in the small chamber immediately beneath it. By controlling movement of air from this chamber, the drying of material on the grate 3 is controlled, or the combustion of material on the grate 2 is assured. Thus, a shutter 1, having apertures registrable with spaces between bricks which constitute the apertures I9, is slidable by a bar 'II to open or close the apertures I9, as desired. When the apertures I9 are thus closed, all heat is concentrated on material on the grate 2. This condition would prevail at starting. After combustion is well started, the apertures I9 may be opened, and hot gases pass out through them from beneath the grate 2, and pass upward through the grate 3 and the material resting thereon.

The grates 3 and 4 being inclined, the material as dried will move by gravity down the grates and onto the-burning grate 2, where it will be consumed, and thus the incinerator is continuous in operation, and tests have shown that it will satisfactorily consume large quantities of garbage material in a short time.

What I claim as my invention is:

l. An incinerator of the character described, comprising an enclosure defining a chamber, a burning grate supported in said chamber, a drying grate supported in said chamber and disposed to deliver materials to the burning grate, each of said grates being formed solely of tubes constituting water conduits, and being connected for circulation of Water heated by material consumed at the burning grate to and through the drying grate, to dry the material resting thereon.

2. An incinerator of the character described, comprising an enclosure defining a chamber, a plurality of, connected tubes constituting a burning grate, and disposed at one side in the lower part of the chamber, a plurality of connected tubes inclined upwardly from the burning grate d towards the opposite side of the chamber, and constituting a drying grate, and means connecting said grates for circulation of water heated at the burning grate through the drying grate, to dry the material resting thereon.

3. An incinerator of the character described, Y

comprising an enclosure defining a chamber, and having a charging opening adjacent one side, a burning grate supported at and extending inwardly part way from the opposite side and in the lower portion of the chamber, a drying grate inclined upwardly from the inner edge of the burning grate to a point substantially beneath the charging opening, and a bumper grate supported in saidchamber spaced immediately above the drying grate and beneath the charging opening. u

for passage of gases, a burning grate spanning l the space between said wall and the adjacent side of the chamber, a drying grate inclined upwardly from said wall towards the opposite side of the chamber, a bumper grate projecting from the latter side of the chamber, below the charging opening and spaced above the drying grate, the several grates being formed as water conduits, and being connected for circulation of Water heated at the burning grate to the drying and bumper grates, to dry the materials resting theref.

on, and a starting burner disposed in the space beneath the burning grate.

6. An incinerator of the character described,

comprising an enclosure defining a chamber, al

Wall upstanding from its bottom adjacent one side, said wall being apertured adjacent its upper edge for passage of gases, a burning grate spanning the space between said wall and the adjacent side of the chamber, a drying grate inclined upwardly from said wall towards the opposite side of the chamber, a starting burner in the space beneath the burning grate, and shutter means controlling the opening and closing of the apertures in said wall.

' FRANK F. HOPKINS.