US2049821A - Sound record and sound recording and reproducing means - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 4, 1936. c. w. NYSTRCM 2,049,821

SOUND RECQRD AND SOUND RECORDING AND REPRODUCING MEANS Filed Marh 16, 1952 4 SEeets-Sheet 1 l' I: -21. Z5

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Aug. 4, 1936. c. w NYSTROM 2,049,821

SOUND RECORD AND SOUND RECORDING AND REPRODUCING MEANS Filed March 16, 1932 w 4 Shets-Sheet 2 Aug. 4, 1936. c. w.-NYsTR6M 2,049,821

SOUND RECORD AND SOUND RECORDING AND REPRODUCING MEANS Filed March 16, 1952' 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 [NVEN T08 Pus ies Au 4, less "um-ran; STATES PATENT I owes SOUND :asconn AND sounn RECORDING AND BEPBODUCING MEANS Carl Wilhelm Nystriim, mums, Sweden Application March 16', 1932, Serial No. 599,30"! 1 In Sweden April 2, 1931 i Claims. (01. 274-4)) This invention relates to sound records and sound recording and reproducing means. In ap-v more when the cutter or stylus moves from the, outer parts of the disk tothe centre. As a result" 15 the recording of a certain sound at the 'peripli- 1 eralparts of the disk requires an essentially larger length of the recordthan if the same sound was recorded at the innerparts of the disk. It will be obvious that this means an ingo eifective utilization of the record disk, especially of its peripheral parts. A principal object of'the inventionis to enable a better utilization of the surface of the disk by said disk in such a manner that the 25 point or points engaging the recording tool hereinaftr called the cutter,. or'the reproducing member, hereinafter called the stylus, is. or are imparted a substantially" constant tangential velocity, so that the recording of a certain sound so always occupies an equal length of the record at any distance from the centre of the disk. In

this way arecord disk of the usualsize can receive about 200% more sound wave records than hitherto, so that the material of the disk is util- '35 ized more efliciently. Owing to the fact that the tangential velocity 'of the points engaging the cutter or the stylus or equivalent tools may be",

, v kept at a constant and comparatively low value the wear of the disk and the tool is reduced, and 40 the friction between the disk and the tool does not cause such inconvenient noise as, in the known kind ofrecord disks, the outer points of which rotate at comparatively-high velocities.

A further-object of the invention is to enable.

.45 the employmentof the known kind of records in a reproducing apparatus according to the inv vention.

The invention alsoprovides means for positively moving the cutter or the stylus in a de- I 50 termined relation to the driving gear of the dis a v v I I I oreover the invention has for its object to providemeans for automatically disengagingthe driving gear when the cutter or stylus reaches 65 the utmost peripheral parts of thedisk.

bearing 28, preferably Further objects and advantages of theinven tion will be described with reference to the. ac= companying drawings, which illustratethe invention in some preferred embodiments, and in which Figure ,1 represents a side view of an apparatus embodying my invention,

Figure 2 a plan view thereof with certain parts I omitted, v Figure 3 a vertical section through a driving 10 disk and 1 1 Figure 4 a plan view thereof, .Figures 5 and 6 detail views,

Figure 7 anend elevation, and

Figure 8 a plan of the driving gear, l5

Figures 9 and 10 part sectional side and plan views'similar to Figures 1 and 2 respectively of a modified construction,

Figure 11 a further ,modi fled embodiment, Figure 12 a part of the apparatus shown in Figures 9 and. 10 dra to a larger scale, and

Figure 13 a carrier for the reproducing and recording tools; I

Referring to Figures land 2, I5 is a support comprising a base plate It and two stationary bearings l1, l8 and carrying a frame construction for the driving mechanism. The frame comprises three substantially parallel shafts 20, 2|, 22 of'which the, two outer shafts 20, 22 are fixed at their ends to two arms 23, 24, so that the whole construction forms a parallelogram 25, mounted to turn on the shaft 22, which is Journalled in the stationary bearings l1, I of the plate It. The shaft 2|, which is provided with a slot I4 is rotatably mounted in the arms 8 23, 24 and carries a'friction wheel 21, rigidly attached to a slidable sleeve 26 and having a pin or roller (not shown) fitting into the slot l4.

Associated with the wheel 21 (Figure '1) is a a ball-bearing slidably 4 mounted onthe shaft 2| and surrounded by a clamping ring 29 which is clamped to the roller- .bearing 28 by means of a screw 30. The clamping ring 29 carries at its upper end a U-shaped, bar 3| (Figures -'1 and 8) having angular ends, each provided with a guide roller l2 and respectively adapted to run on shafts," and 22 of said parallelogram, so that the bar 3| is maintained in a substantially horizontal posi- 5'0 tion in relation to the parallelogram 25. shown on the drawings the roller 33 may also be provided with flanges 34 bearing .on the shaft 20 in order to guide the bar II transversely.

Pivotally attached to the bar. ii at 36 is a yoke 35, the opposite endof which carries an angular piece 31 having at its lower horizontal end 38 an adjustment screw bearing on the lower surface of the bar 3|. The yoke 35 is caused to occupy a substantially fixed position in relation to the bar 3| by means of a spring 40 attached at .one end to the bar 3| and at its other end fixed to the horizontal part 38 of the angular piece 31. The elevational position of the yoke 35 in relation to the bar 3| and the parallelogram maybe controlled by the adjustment screw 3!. The yoke carries at its upper side a rotatable roller 45, provided with peripheral annular cams, grooves or the like (Figures 2 and 8). It will be understood that the means de-, scribed compels the friction wheel 21 together with the bar 3|, yoke 35 and sleeve 25 toslide on the shaft 2|.

Rotation is imparted to the shaft 2| from a spring motor, an electric motor or other suitable power unit, by the interposition of a. gear 50, which may consist of a toothed wheel rigidly mounted on the shaft 2|. The toothed wheel 50 may be omitted, in ;which event the shaft 2| is directly connected to the power unit. By means of the engagement of the slot l4 with the pin or roller projecting therein from the friction wheel 21 the rotation of the shaft 2| causes the wheel 21 to be rotated whilst permitting the said wheel ,at the same time, to slide along the shaft 2| for the purpose described below.

' Fixed to the plate It is a bracket 4| carrying a disk I! which is rotatably Journalled in a bearing 42 of the bracket 4| by means of an axle Above the bearing 42- of the bracket 4| the axle 43 of the rotatable disk I! extends upwardly and this extension carries a plate" rotating together with the disk l3. The plate It is adapted to support the disk or surface (not shown) adapted to receive or reproduce sound records, the latter disk usually simply being called the record or "the record disk."

As stated hereinbefore the parallelogram 25 is mounted to swing about the shaft 2| in the bearings l1, l8. By the aid of eccentric means, preferably comprising arod 43 and two eccentric sheaves" and 48 supported by arms 50, the parallelogram 25 may be lifted or raised to cause the friction wheel 21 to enga e the disk I! and rotate it. e

To permit a yielding engagement of the wheel 21 with the disk I! spring means 45 (Figure l) are provided attached to the arms 23, 24 and bearing on the eccentric sheaves 41, 48 respectively.

The wheel 21 is adapted to be displaced in asubstantially radial direction on the disk I. si

'multaneously with its being rotated. For this purpose one surface of the disk II (in the embodiment illustrated the lower surface) is pro- 1 vided with a spiral groove 44 (shown in Figure 4 as a series of concentric circles for convenience in drawing) the pitch ofwhich may correspond to'the pitch of the sound wave record on the record disk, which usually has eighty spiral turns or more to the inch. The spiral groove 44 in which the several turns of the spiral are spaced preferably at equal distances from each other, is adapted to effect the radial displacement of the wheel 21, preferably by means of an intercoupled member engaging the groove 44 and associated with the wheel 21. The radial displacement of the wheel 21 will always be con stant, if the spiral 44 has equally spaced turns.

' In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1-8 Preferably the peripheral surfaces of the cams or grooves are of V-shaped cross section to facilitate engagement. Instead of the roller 45 there may be provided needles, pins or plane cams but such devices will cause a certain noise owing to the sliding friction against the disk. The roller 45.is mounted-so as to make contact with the disk l9 prior to the engagement between the wheel 21 and the disk I! upon lifting the parallelogram. By setting the adjustment screw 39 and the spring 40 a very exact adjustment of the position of the roller 45 in relation to the friction wheel 21 and the spiralgroove disk l9 respectively may be established so that the roller 45 will engage the disk i9 at the desired moment.

The sound wave records may be made on the record disk by a suitablerecording member such as a cutting tool or a cutter (not shown in Figures1-8) actuating the surface of the record disk. In using-the apparatusfor reproducing the sound records from the disk whom a duplicate copy thereof the cutter is replaced by a reproducingtool such as a stylus. g

In the starting position of the parts the friction wheel 21 and the roller 45 may be placedat the inner turns of the spiral 44 on the groove disk I9, but it will be obvious that the starting position also may be arranged at the'outer turns in which event the wheel 21 is displaced to the centre of the disk i9.

In the event that the starting position of the friction wheel Hand of the roller 45 is arranged at the inner turns of the spiral 44 it is preferred to provide means to automatically indicate the proper. starting position. For this purpose the sleeve is provided with an annularshallow groove 5|: with whicha pivotable lever 52 (Figures 1, 2, 5,6) will engage when the groove 5| is in alignment with the said lever. This position corresponds to thestarting position. The lever 52 is pivoted upon a. collar 53 mounted to swing about the shaft 20, Pine 54, 55 are adapted to starting position the lever 52.1s caused to be.

lifted by the conical surface and enters the shallow groove 5| so that further inward 'displacement of the sleeve will be checked thus indicating that the starting position is reached. Since the groove 5| has a shallow shape the lever 52 can easily slide out'of engagement with the groove. at the-beginning of the outwardly radial displacement of the sleeve of roller 45 and the spiral groove 44.

28 by means go The operation of the apparatus will be understood with reference to the drawings. If a constant-velocity of' rotation is imparted to the friction-wheel 21 the groove disk-I9 engaging with this wheel by friction will obtain a'speed of rotation corresponding to. the constant peripheral velocity of the wheel 21. Atthe same time the wheel 21 is displaced in radial direction in relation tothe disk It, by means of the 7 roller 45 engaging and rolling in' the spiral groove 44."Ob'vious1y this displacement may be effected either from the inner parts of the disk i9 towards its periphery, or from the peripheral parts of the disk towards its centre.v In this '75 of the wheel 21 on the driving disk 19 so that in the event that the displacement is eflected from the inner 'parts to the peripheryof the disk the speed of rotation of the record disk decreases as the wheel 21 moves towards the peripheral parts. It will be clear that the tangential or linear velocity of the points of the disk, 19 engaging the friction wheel 21 at every'instant will be maintained at a constant value.

Provided that the radial displacement of the cutter or stylus is performed at the same speed as the displacement of the'wheel 21, the linear or tangential velocity of the point or points of the record disk engaging the cutter or'stylus will alsobe constant so .that a certain sound recorded the radial displacement of thewheel 21 ceases. .To this end the sleeve 26 is provided with a second groove 51, with which the lever. 52 engages to lock the sleeve in its position when the sleeve is moved inwardly to'a sufllcient degree.

To limit the inward displacement of the sleeve the forward surface of the groove 51 is provided with a shoulder or wall 58. In this position of the sleeve 28 the roller eventually may fallinto a cavity 59 (Figure 3) of the disk it inside the turns of the spiral 44 which now is. not

aifected by the roller.

The friction wheel 21 and if desired also. the

disk i9 may be coated with a suitable friction material such as caoutchouc, leather'or the like.

Also the engaging parts may be provided with rough surfaces.

' It will be understood that the spiral groove with oil to reduce the friction.

Figures 9, 10, 1'1, and 12 illustrate modified constructions of the invention. As shown in Figures 9 and 10 the friction wheel 21 is provided with peripheral annular concentric grooves, cams 52.0r the like which replace the cams of the roller 5 described with reference to Figures 1-8; In this embodiment the roller 45 is omitted and the friction wheel 21 is adapted not only to, drive the disk 19, by

friction but alsoto engage the spiral groove '44 1-8 the points of the disk 19 engaging the wheel 21- will be rotated at a constant linear velocity if the wheel 21 rotates with constant velocity of rotation. The sleeve 26 is arranged in the same manner and has the same object as described above in connection with the const i;

tion shown in Figures 1-8.

The combined friction and feeding wheel 21 is attached to a non-rotatable journal casing 63, which is displaced in the radial direction by the 'otheror freeend has a. handle 19 which. projects wheel. One end of the'casing' 63 is provided with a U-shaped member 54 (Figure 9) carrying two guide rollers 85 and 65 adapted to roll on opposite sides of the shaft 20 of the parallelogram 25 so that the movement of the wheel 21 is 5 uided. 1

In' the embodiment shown 'in-Flgures l-8 the a wheel 21 is lifted up to the disk 19 by means of .an eccentric device which is hand operated. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate an automatic device for the same purpose adapted to disengage the wheel 21 and the grooved disk 19 at a desired distance from the centre of the disk. Such automatic device enables the disengagement to be effected just at the desired distance which is important if record disks of different sizes are used.

The disengaging means comprises a yoke 81 and adapted to engage -a bell crank lever 11 20 (Figure 12) pivoted at 12. The rod 68 is connected to an eccentric device. similar to that shown in Figures 1 and '2 and co-operating with the arms 23, 24 or another partof the parallelo-- gram 25' through the intermediary of spring 25 means Ill, thus controlling the position of the parallelogram; With the wheel 21 in engagement with the disk 19 the parallelogram is maintained in its upper position by said eccentric device and in this position of the parts aroller 30 13 attached .to the lower end of the bell crank .lever 1| (Figure 12) is just below the yoke 61.

Also the upper end of the lever H is terminated by a roller 1| on the lower side of the shaft 20. The pivot 12 of the bell crank lever 85 1lis mounted in a frame 15 slidably mounted on twobars 16, 11. The frame 15 is moved on the bars by means of a yielding plate 18, one end .of which is attached to the frame 15- whilst-the 40 through a slotted guide plate 80. The guide plate is provided with several vertical slots 8|, 5|", 8",- 8i ,'in which the handle 18 fits and is maintained therein by the yielding action of the plate 18,- thus enabling the frame 15 to be set in different determined positions.

When it is. desired to make a sound wave record in a record disk carried by the plate 51 or when it is desired to.reproduc'e the records the friction wheel 21 is placed, say in its inner 50 position and during the rotation it is displaced successively to the peripheral parts'of the disk 19. The rollers 55, 65- are then running on their axle 20. After a predetermined time the wheel 21 has been displaced so far that the-roller 65' 55 engages the roller- 14 of the bell crank lever ll (Figure 12) so that the lever 11 is caused to rotate about its pivot-12 in a clockwise direction. The lower roller 13 is now lifted and causes the 'axle 5| and the eccentric gear to be turned so so that the whole parallelogram is lowered under the influence of its ownweight. As a result of this movement the wheel 21 is disen aged from the disk I! and the rotation of the latter will then cease. By suitably setting the frame 15 65 carrying the bell crank lever 11' the described disengaging gear may be released just at the moment when the wheel 21 reaches the periphery of the record used. If it is desired to use a rec- 0rd of greater or smaller size, the frame 15 may be set in another position by means of the guide plate 80.

In apparatuses of the kind described it is very important that the cutter or equivalent member for recording sound waves and the stylus or stylus) equivalent member for reproducing such records are always exactly in the same position in relation to the wheel 21 since if the contrary be the case there would not be exact correspondence with respect to the speed of the engaging point of the record disk during recording and reproducing respectively. To overcome this difficulty able on a horizontal axle in a bifurcated lever 85. The lever 85 is fixed to a bracket 88, which is pivotable about two pivots 81, 88. The bracket 86 is fixed to a support 88 adapted to support the carrier 88 of the box 8| of the cutter (or the By suitable adjustment of the transmission described the cutter and the stylus may be caused to take up exactly the same position in relation to the wheel 21, and this relative position is maintained during the displacement of the wheel 21 owing to the positive movement between the said parts. of course, the stylus or cutter will move on a circular line, whereas the wheel 21 moves on a straight line but the slight irregularity of the relative positions caused by these facts has no practical importance.

Figure ll illustrates a further embodiment of the invention. As shown the parallelogram 25 in this case only comprises two shafts82, 88, the

' plate 6| itself which meansa simplification of the construction. The plate 8| is carried by a bracket 68 supporting the plate by means of a roller bearing 88. v

The positive movement between the stylus (or the cutter) and the wheel 21 is adapted to be eflected as a parallel straight line movement sol that the slight irregularity caused by the circular movement of the stylus -(or cutter) is avoided. Tothis purpose a lever 88, connected to the hub of the friction wheel 21 in adapted to follow the radial displacement of the wheel.

-The lever 88 guided by means of rollers 88, I88

' on the bar 88 is angularly bent at IM to form a bracket I82 for the carrier I88 of the sound box 81 of the stylus. By means of this arrangement the stylus will be imparted a positive movement which is exactly parallel to' the radial displacement of the wheel 21.

Figure 13 illustrates a carrier for the box of the cutter and of the stylus. This carrier may be employed if the apparatus is to be used both as recording and reproducing apparatus. --'I'he hollow carrying memberof the cutter boxis indicated by I88 and is provided with screws I88, I88 in a fork I81 for the cutter box (not shown) so that the latter may be swung uphollow member I 84.

Since the member I84 and the box 81 are moving during the reproductionfthe member tem in resilient contact with said record driving disc is connected to a horn or the like by means of a flexible tube II8, preferably consisting of caoutchouc or resilient ring members.

It will be obvious that the groove disk I8 may be provided with a groove having a larger 5 pitch thanthat of' the record disk. In such event a velocity gear is required for the feeding mechanism.

The cutting tool or the cutter may be actuated as by a diaphragm subject to the action of sound waves or actuated .electromagnetically by electric impulses set up by the action of sound waves, as in a microphone. Also any other equivalent recording member may be used.

It will also be obvious that the stylus may be 15 substituted by an equivalent member serving the same purpose.

The record disk may be formed of any suitable material capable of being cut by a record cutter.

It will also be noted that as stated hereinbe- 20 fore the friction wheel 21 may be displaced from the outer parts of the disk I8 to theconstruction may bemade without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Having now describedmy invention, what I claim as new and desire to -secure by Letters 30v Patent is:-- r H -1. 'In a sound vibration transmitting apparatus,'a rotatable record driving disc having a f -spiral groove therein, a driving system comprising a rotatable body adapted to engage a sur- 36 face of the driving disc and having a ribbed guiding surface to engage said spiral groove, and means whereby said driving system is mounted for relative displacement with respect to said rotatable record driving disc comprising 40 a frame-like structure'z having a pair of arms each arranged-at opposite sides of the framelike structure, a driven shaft rotatably mounted on said armsand adapted to receive said driving system for radial displacement as said shaft rotates, a second shaft journalled on said frame and on which said driving system is pivotally. supported, and. means carried bysaid frame like structure for maintaining said driving sys- 2. In a sound vibration transmitting apparatus, a rotatable record driving disc having a. spiral groove therein, a driving system comprising a rotatableroller adapted to engage a surface of the record driving disc and a guide component having a ribbed surface to engage said spiral'groove, and means whereby saiddriving system is mounted for relative displacement with respect to said rotatable record driving disc comprising a frame-like structure having a pair of arms each arranged at opposite sides of the frame-like structure, a driven shaft rotatably mounted on said arms and adapted to receive-said driving system for radial displacement as said shaft rotates, two outer shafts arranged parallel to said driven shaft and fixed at the ends of said arms for supporting said driving system, one of said shafts journalled in bearings provided on the frame-like structure, a bearing member fixedly associated with said rotatable roller and carrying a- U-shaped bar, a guide roller at each end of said i i-shaped bar adapted to engage said outer shafts, a yoke member pivoted to said bar and carrying said guiding spiral groove therein, a driving system for saidrecord driving disc comprising a rotatable roller having a ribbed surface to engage said spiral groove, and means whereby said driving system is mounted for relative displacement with respect to said rotatable record driving disc comprising a frame-like structure having a pair of arms each arranged at opposite sides of the frame-like structure, a driven shaft rotatably mounted on said arms and adapted to receive said driving system for radial displacement as said shaft rotates, two outer shafts arranged parallel to said driven shaft,and fixed at the ends of said arms for supporting said driving system, one of said shafts journalled in bearings provided on the frame-like structure, abearing member fixedly associated with-said driving Y tem and carrying at one end, oppositely arranged 'guide rollers adapted to engage the other of said outer shafts, and means carried by said frame-like structure for maintaining said driv-. ing system in resilient contact withsaid record driving disc.

g 4. A sound vibration transmittingapparatus ,as described in claim 2 in which said means for maintaining said driving system inresilient contact with said record driving disc comprises, a device carried by the frame having eccentric portions to displace said driving system in a direction perpendicular to said record driving disc, and a resilient connection attached to said arms and bearing on said'eccentric portions.

- I CARL wrmmnu Mrs-mom. m

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