US2046961A - Insecticide - Google Patents
Insecticide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2046961A US2046961A US2046961DA US2046961A US 2046961 A US2046961 A US 2046961A US 2046961D A US2046961D A US 2046961DA US 2046961 A US2046961 A US 2046961A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- trichlorobenzene
- per cent
- value
- oil
- emulsion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000000749 insecticidal Effects 0.000 title description 8
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 title description 4
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000002588 toxic Effects 0.000 description 8
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940080237 Sodium Caseinate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002147 killing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000726750 Aphis rumicis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282832 Camelidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001635274 Cydia pomonella Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001414989 Thysanoptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000001260 Tropaeolum majus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004424 Tropaeolum majus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001058 adult Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000020127 ayran Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- A01N29/04—Halogen directly attached to a carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
- A01N61/02—Mineral oils; Tar oils; Tar; Distillates, extracts or conversion products thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to improvements in insecticidal compositions; and particularly to oil emulsions for use against insects, such as aphids, red spider, mealy bug, codling moth, thrips, etc.
- It is among the objects of the invention to provide an effective, inexpensive composition comprising a petroleum fraction and a second ingredient, having a greater toxic value than the oil emulsion compositions heretofore known in the art at concentrations non-injurious to foliage.
- V tained with an oil having a sulphonation value above 85, at concentration below 2 per cent.
- Trichlorobenzene used alone in an emulsion will produce severe burning at concentrations above 2.0
- the quantity of the petroleum fraction used will depend in general upon the sulphonation value thereof, the'higher this value, the more of the fraction required to obtain the same toxicity.
- petroleum fractions having a sulphonation value at, any point above 50, preferably between about and about 85.
- the per cent by weight of petroleum fraction in the finished emulsion ready for spraying will not exceed about 1.2 percent, and'the quantity of trichlorobenzene therein will not exceed about 0.4 per cent.
- the oil concentration is ordinarily below 1.2" per cent and preferably below 1.0 per cent.
- the concentration of trichlorobenzene is preferably below about 0.4. per cent and ordinarily about 0.2 per cent.
- concentration of both oil and trichlorobenzene as sprayed on foliage is far below that at which any burning effect will be encountered.
- the table shows the comparative mortality obtained by the use of varying concentrations of mixtures of oil-and trichlorobenzene as against the individual ingredients. All of the figures given in the table indicate percentages, the per- 15 centage of oil and of trichlorobenzene being those by weight present in the emulsion, as sprayed on the foliage. The per cent mortality was determined in the following manner?- Wingless adult females of the Aphis rum-icis 20 been sprayed for 15 seconds, the aphids were re- '25 moved from the flannel with a camels hair brush and placed on a nasturtium leaf mounted in a. wide-mouth bottle having a small amount of water in. the bottom thereof. The number of dead and living aphids on the leavesat the end 30 of 24 hours was then determined.
- a concentrate in which form the 55 emulsion is usually marketed, consisting of the following:
- Sodium caseinate is employed as an emsulsifying agent, but other salts of casein, such as the potassium, calcium, or ammonium salts can also be used, as well as other known emulsifiers, such as linoleates, oleates, etc.
- An emulsifying agent which will give an emulsion having a particle size of 6 to 8 microns in diameter is desirable, and the caseinates produce approximately this size of particle. If the emulsions have a much smaller particle size, they do not break rapidly enough to have the best killing effect.
- my improved insecticidal emulsion has a very high toxic value with an extremely low concentration of active ingredients; (2) it does not burn foliage at concentrations giving a high toxicity, even in very humid weather; and, (3) better colored fruit is obtained because the low concentration of oil in the finished emulsion does not cause the formation of thick oil films on fruit sprayed therewith, which may interfere with the natural coloration of the fruit by the sun's rays.
- composition of matter suitable for use as 25 a plant and tree spray comprising a petroleum fraction having a sulphonation value above 50, trichlorobenzene, a water soluble salt of casein, and water.
- composition of matter suitable foruse as a plant and tree spray comprising by weight Percent A petroleum fraction having a sulphonation value above 50 1.2 0.3 Trichlorobenzene 0.4 0.1 An emulsifying agent 004- 0.01 Water 98.36- 99.59
- a composition of matter suitable for use as a plant and tree spray containing from 0.5 to 1.0 per cent by weight of a petroleum fraction having a sulphonation value between about and about 85, from 0.2 to 0.5 per cent of trichlorobenzene, an emulsifying agent, and water.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
Patented July 7, 1936 UNITED STATES 2,040,061 msEc'rIcmn I Lindley E. Mme, Midland, Micln, assig'nor to T!- Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mick corporation of Michigan Y No Drawing. Application January 23, 1934,
- Serial No. 107,947
4 Claims. (01. 101-4 The invention relates to improvements in insecticidal compositions; and particularly to oil emulsions for use against insects, such as aphids, red spider, mealy bug, codling moth, thrips, etc.
It is among the objects of the invention to provide an effective, inexpensive composition comprising a petroleum fraction and a second ingredient, having a greater toxic value than the oil emulsion compositions heretofore known in the art at concentrations non-injurious to foliage.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention then consists of the composition of ingredientshereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.
It is an established fact thatinsecticidal emulsions containing slightly more than 2 per cent of a petroleum oil having a sulphonation value below 35 will burn foliage sprayed therewith. Certain foliage, such as that of the pear, apple, and other fruit trees in humid weather, will not safely tolerate even this low concentration of oil. A satisfactory killing effect can not be ob:-
V tained with an oil having a sulphonation value above 85, at concentration below 2 per cent. Trichlorobenzene used alone in an emulsion will produce severe burning at concentrations above 2.0
per cent and will not kill effectively even at this;
' cent of the weight of the petroleum fraction used.
The quantity of the petroleum fraction used will depend in general upon the sulphonation value thereof, the'higher this value, the more of the fraction required to obtain the same toxicity. I
can use petroleum fractions having a sulphonation value at, any point above 50, preferably between about and about 85. Ordinarily, the per cent by weight of petroleum fraction in the finished emulsion ready for spraying will not exceed about 1.2 percent, and'the quantity of trichlorobenzene therein will not exceed about 0.4 per cent.
In the composition. prepared according-to the present invention, the oil concentration is ordinarily below 1.2" per cent and preferably below 1.0 per cent. The concentration of trichlorobenzene is preferably below about 0.4. per cent and ordinarily about 0.2 per cent. Thus the concentration of both oil and trichlorobenzene as sprayed on foliage is far below that at which any burning effect will be encountered. Now, at such low concentrations of oil andjtrichlorobenzene it would be expected that the-toxicity of theemul- 6 sion would be very low. However, we have found that the toxicity of a mixture of a petroleum fraction and trichlorobenzene is far greater than that of the sum ofthe toxicities of the individual components, as shown in the following table. 10
The table shows the comparative mortality obtained by the use of varying concentrations of mixtures of oil-and trichlorobenzene as against the individual ingredients. All of the figures given in the table indicate percentages, the per- 15 centage of oil and of trichlorobenzene being those by weight present in the emulsion, as sprayed on the foliage. The per cent mortality was determined in the following manner?- Wingless adult females of the Aphis rum-icis 20 been sprayed for 15 seconds, the aphids were re- '25 moved from the flannel with a camels hair brush and placed on a nasturtium leaf mounted in a. wide-mouth bottle having a small amount of water in. the bottom thereof. The number of dead and living aphids on the leavesat the end 30 of 24 hours was then determined.
TableI I Composition 5 Mor- Moron tan 001100]:
W on 0 11301, $2;
1.00 00 1.00 00 0.15 55 0.25- 5 0.75 0.25 91 40 0.50 40 0 5 2 g 3% .5g g3 0.2 17 0.
The foregoing table shows that the incorporation of 0.25 per cent of trichlorobenzene with 0.75 per cent of oil having a sulphonation value of between 80 and 85, in an emulsion produces a toxic value of 97 as against the additive values ofthe substances, which is 55+5 or 60. Again, at 0.50 50 per cent of each ingredient, the toxic value of the mixture is 76 contrasted with 40+12 or 52, the additive value of the separate ingredients.
As an example of my improved insecticide, I
may prepare a concentrate, in which form the 55 emulsion is usually marketed, consisting of the following:
Ingredients 4 fifigf f Petroleum fraction (suiphonation value 80) -l Trichlorobenzene 20 Sodium mseinnte 2. 0 Water. 18. 0
Petroleum fraction 0.6
Trichlorobenzene 0.2 Sodium caseinate 0.02 Water I 99.18
Sodium caseinate is employed as an emsulsifying agent, but other salts of casein, such as the potassium, calcium, or ammonium salts can also be used, as well as other known emulsifiers, such as linoleates, oleates, etc. An emulsifying agent which will give an emulsion having a particle size of 6 to 8 microns in diameter is desirable, and the caseinates produce approximately this size of particle. If the emulsions have a much smaller particle size, they do not break rapidly enough to have the best killing effect.
The optimum percentage ranges of ingredients in my finished emulsion are as follows:
Percent by weight Petroleum fraction 1.2 0.3 Trichlorobenzene 0.4 0.1 Emulsifying agent 0.04- 0.01 Water 98.36- 99.59
Among the advantages of my improved insecticidal emulsion are: '(1) it has a very high toxic value with an extremely low concentration of active ingredients; (2) it does not burn foliage at concentrations giving a high toxicity, even in very humid weather; and, (3) better colored fruit is obtained because the low concentration of oil in the finished emulsion does not cause the formation of thick oil films on fruit sprayed therewith, which may interfere with the natural coloration of the fruit by the sun's rays.
2. A composition of matter suitable for use as 25 a plant and tree spray comprising a petroleum fraction having a sulphonation value above 50, trichlorobenzene, a water soluble salt of casein, and water.
3. A composition of matter suitable foruse as a plant and tree spray comprising by weight Percent A petroleum fraction having a sulphonation value above 50 1.2 0.3 Trichlorobenzene 0.4 0.1 An emulsifying agent 004- 0.01 Water 98.36- 99.59
4. A composition of matter suitable for use as a plant and tree spray containing from 0.5 to 1.0 per cent by weight of a petroleum fraction having a sulphonation value between about and about 85, from 0.2 to 0.5 per cent of trichlorobenzene, an emulsifying agent, and water.
LINDLEY E. mm.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2046961A true US2046961A (en) | 1936-07-07 |
Family
ID=3428018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US2046961D Expired - Lifetime US2046961A (en) | Insecticide |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2046961A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2465854A (en) * | 1944-08-26 | 1949-03-29 | Shell Dev | Insecticidal composition containing an aromatic unsaturated carbonyl compound |
-
0
- US US2046961D patent/US2046961A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2465854A (en) * | 1944-08-26 | 1949-03-29 | Shell Dev | Insecticidal composition containing an aromatic unsaturated carbonyl compound |
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