US2044977A - Calculating machine - Google Patents

Description

June 23, 1936. c, M, F, FRlDEN 2,044,977

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 14, 1928 '7 Sheets-Sheet. 1

-INVENTOR By Ca /MEfiv'a/en ATTORNEYS June 23, 1936.- c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 14, '1928 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VE N TOR Carl I14. F: Fr'fl'den June 23, 1936. c. M. F. FRIDEN 2,044,977

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 14, 1928 '7 Sheeis-Sheet 4 FLE '7 I .'\"V EN TOR #44 ATTORNEYS June 23, 1936, g M F FRmEN 2&44377 CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 14, 1928 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 I N V EN TOR A TTORN Y June 23, E936. c. M. F. FRHDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 14, 1928 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 FIEUILE viz/110m III/1111111111,

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Flt-ELLE- June 23, 1936.

Mafarc. M, F. FRIDEN 2,044,977

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 14, 1928 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 FIE J E Praduaf Rgisfer' INVENTOR ar/ Fv'den Carl M. F. Frlden, Oakland, Calif., assignor to Marchant Calculating Machine Company, Emeryville, Calif., a corporation of California Application January 14, 1928, Serial No. 246,67?

12 Claims. (01. 235137) The invention relates to calculating machines Figure 6 is a section taken on the line 8-6 adapted to perform problems in addition, sub- Fig.2.

traction, multiplication and division.

An object of the invention is to provide a cal- Fig. 2.

Figure is an end view of a portion of the machine, parts of the casing being broken away and The machine shown in the patent and in the culating machine having a product register and other parts being shown in section, to show the 6 a grand total register in which a plurality of mechanism for controlling the application of products may be accumulated. power for the purpose of transferring values from.

Another object of the invention is to provide the products register to the grand total register means for simultaneously clearing the product and operating the tens carrying mechanism of register and transferring the values registered the grand total register. 0 therein to the grand total register. Figure 8 is a section through the grand total Another object of the invention, is to provide register, showing the tens carrying mechanism power operated means, under the control of the in inoperative position. operator, for clearing the product register and Figure 9 is a similar view showing the tens car- 16 transferring the values therein to the grand total rying mechanism in operative position. I register. Figure 10 is a cross section of the grand total Another object of the invention is to provide register, taken on the line l0l0 Fig. 11, showmeans which, in its initial operation, transfers ing the means which is set by a transitional carry values from the product register to the grand toof one numeral wheel to cause the operation of tal register and which, in its further operation, the tens carrying mechanism to advance the nu- 20 operates the tens carrying mechanism of the meral wheel of the next higher order, one step. grand total register. Figure 11'is a front elevation of a portion of A further object of the invention is to provide the grand total register, showing the tens cara tens carrying mechanism in association with the rying mechanism.

grand total register, which is operable subse- Figure 12 is a cross section taken on the line quent to the introduction of the complete value l2-l2 Fig. 2, showing the zero resetting means into the grand total register, from the product associated with the product and grand total register. registers.

The invention possesses other advantageous Figure 13 is a longitudinal section taken on the features, some of which with the foregoing, will line 13-13 Fig. 12. 30 be set forth at length in the following description, Figure 14 is a section taken on the line I l- II, in which I shall outline'in full that form of the Fig. 2, showing themounting of the grand total invention which I have selected for illustration register shaft. l in the drawings accompanyingand forming'part Figure.15,is a section taken on'the line I5-l5,

of'thepresent specification. -In said drawings, Fig. 2, showing the one direction .clutch in the 35 I have shown one embodiment. of my invention, .grand t ta register haftg but'it "is understoodthat I do not limit myself to Figure 16 isa diagrammatic representation of such form, since the invention, as set forth in the, the driving mechanism for operating the zero Claims, y be embodied a plurality f ormsresetting device of the product register and the 40 Referring to said drawings! I tens carrying mechanism of the grand total reg- 40 Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section through ister. k

, a portion of the calculating machine, showing the The invention relates to calculating machines 7 grand total registenthe product register, and the of the type shownin my United States Letters actuator for introducing values .into the product Patent Number 1,643,710of September'2'7, 1927,.

. registeia; U I v 4 to which reference is hereby made for a dis- 45 Figure 2. is a .vertical longitudinal section]- closure, of a complete calculating machine of this I through. the longitudinally movable carriage type, since features of the calculating machine. showing the product register and the grand total not involved in the present invention arenot dis register. closed inthis application; ;"I'he present--inven- .50 QFigureB ijs asection taken onthe line 3-3 tion relatesparticularlyto'the-incorporation in rigizg j ,"the maemiiao'fa rand total'register, which is Figure 4is a'section' taken on the line 4-4 associated'with the product register and-Jwith Fig. 2. I the means for transferring registered values from Figure 5 is a, section taken on the line 5-5 the product register to the-grand total register.

present application is arranged to be driven by an electric motor, but it is to be understood, that the invention is equally well applicable to a hand driven machine. The calculating machine comprises a suitable frame upon which are arranged the various instrumentalities which cooperate to produce a complete calculating machine. The machine includes a reversible, rotary actuator 2, which is fully described in said patent, into which values are introduced, preferably by the depression of keys, and which, on rotation, transfer the introduced values to the numeral wheels of the product register, which, for the purpose of making direct action of the selected values on the figure discs of highest value possible, is disposed in parallel displaceable relation to the axis of the actuator. The product register is mounted in a carriage which is displaceable longitudinally into registry with the actuating elements of the actuator, in different numerical order.

The actuator comprises a plurality of actuating elements 3, which cooperate, on rotation of the actuator in either direction, with the intermediate wheels 4 of the product register. This register comprises a series of numeral wheels 5, each wheel being provided on one side with a gear 6 which is in mesh with its associated intermediate gear 4. Each numeral wheel 5 is provided with a transfer lever 1 which is moved to operative position by a projection 8 carried by the numeral wheels and which is returned to inoperative position by a. restoring cam carried by the actuator. Tens carrying pins 9 carried by the actuator, serve to move the numeral wheel of the next higher order, one step, on rotation of the actuator when the transfer lever I has been moved to operative position. This is well understood in the art and is fully disclosed in my said patent above referred to. Means are provided for causing the numeral wheels 5 to move in a step by step movement and to prevent their overthrow when driven by the actuating elements 3. For this purpose, an escapement latch I2 is provided for each numeral wheel. The plurality of latches are rotatably mounted on a rod or shaft l3 and each latch is provided at one end with a tooth l4 adapted to engage between adjacent teeth of the gear 6 and at the other end, with a tooth l5 adapted to engage between adjacent teeth of the intermediate gear 4. The escapement latches are normally held in spring pressed engagement with the teeth of the gear 6, by the springs l6 seated in the rocking bar H, the function of which will appear hereinafter. Upon rotation of the intermediate gear 4 by the actuator element 3, the escapement latch I2 is rocked, causing a step by step movement of the numeral wheel 5.

The numeral wheels 5 are rotatably mounted on a normally stationary, hollow shaft 2| (Fig. 12 and Fig. 13) in which is disposed a stationary inner shaft 22 provided with a longitudinal groove 23. Each numeral wheel has an enlarged bore and disposed in the bore is a tooth 24 which,

projected ball engages the tooth 24 and carries the numeral wheel back to zero position, at which position, the ball 25 recedes into the groove 23, thereby moving out of engagement with the tooth 24. The groove 23 and the holes 25 are formed on the upper side of the inner and outer shafts 22 and 2| respectively. The product register is reset to zero by rotating the outer hollow shaft 2| and this shaft may be rotated by hand or by an electric motor. Secured to the end of the hollow shaft 2| (Fig. 4) is a disc 28 having a notch therein in which is disposed the end of the rocking lever 29 which is secured to the end of the bar l1. The lever 29 is urged into engagement with the disc 28 by the spring 3| and, on the initial rotational movement of the disc 28, the lever 29 is rocked against the pressure of the spring 3|, rocking the bar I1 and thereby moving the springs l6 therein from engagement with the escapement latch l2, thereby permitting ready rotation of the numeral wheels 5, by rotation of the zero resetting shaft 2|.

Mounted in the carriage adjacent the product register is a grand total register comprising a series of numeral wheels 33, these numeral wheels preferably being in alinement with the numeral wheels 5 of the product register. The numeral wheels 33 are rotatably mounted on a normally stationary rotatable shaft 34 and each numeral wheel 33 is provided on one side with a gear 35 which is normally out of mesh with the intermediate gear 4 and which is movable into mesh with said intermediate gear, as will be set forth hereinafter. Each numeral wheel 33 is provided with a spring-pressed detent 36 which engages between two adjacent teeth of the gear 35 to prevent overthrow of the numeral wheels and to cause said wheels to move with a step by step movement. The numeral wheels 33 are provided with zero resetting devices which are identical with the zero resetting devices of the product register and which comprise a tooth 31 on the inner periphery of the enlarged bore of the numeral wheels 33, the ball 38 seated in a hole in the hollow shaft 34- and the inner normally stationary shaft 39 which is provided with a longitudinal groove in which the balls are normally seated. As in the product register, the balls 33 are normally seated in the holes in the 'outer shaft 34 which holes are disposed along the upper side of the shaft 34, so that the balls are normally held by gravity below the outer periphery of the shaft 34. Relative movement of the shaft 34 with respect to the shaft 39, forces the balls outward so that their circular path intersects the inwardly projecting tooth 31. The grand total register numeral wheels 33 are reset to zero by rotating the outer shaft 34 while the inner shaft 39 is held stationary.

In order to transfer values from the numeral wheels 5 to the numeral wheels 33, it is necessary to bring these wheels into engagement and, in the present instance, this is accomplished by moving the grand total register bodily transversely to bring the gear wheels 35 into mesh with the intermediate gear wheels 4. To permit this bodily movement of the grand total register, the outer shaft 34, on which the numeral wheels 33 are rotatably mounted, is provided at its ends with squared portions 42 which seat in straight-sided slots 43 (Fig. 14) formed in hubs 44 and 44' which are rotatably mounted in the frame of the carriage. The hubs 44 and 44' normally stationary and the slots therein are normally parallel to a line connecting the axes of the shafts 22 and 39. Normally, the axis of the shaft 34 is in alinement with the axis of rotation of the hubs 44, so that when the hubs are rotated, the shaft 34 is also rotated. In this normal position, the gears 35 of the grand total register are out of mesh with the gears 4.

Means are provided for moving the grand total register bodily, transversely into cooperative relation with the product register. Adjacent each end, the shaft 34 is journalled in slides 46 (Fig. 6) which are slidable in the direction of the line intersecting the axes of the shafts 22 and 39 and which slides are normally held in elevated or raised position by the springs 41. Projecting from each slide is a pin 48 which is engaged bya lever 49, the

other end of which is in engagement with a cam secured to a driven shaft 2| arranged in the carriage so that upon the initial rotational movement of the shaft 2|, the lever 49 is rocked to move the slide 46 downward to bring the gears 35 into mesh with the intermediategears 4. At the completion of a rotation of the shaft 2|, the springs 41 return the grand total register to its normal or elevated position. The driven shaft 2| (Figs. 2 and 5) is journalled in the frame of the carriage and is provided with a gear 53 which is given one complete revolution during the operation of transferring values from the product register to the grand total register. Journalled in the frame of the carriage is a driving shaft 54 to the end of which is secured a gear 55 which is in mesh with a gear 56. Mounted on the same shaft with and secured to the gear 56, so that they all rotate in unison, are two mutilated gears 51 and 58. The gear 51 is co-planar with and is adapted to mesh with the gear 53, these two gears having the same number of teeth, in this instance ten teeth, so that the shaft 2| is given one complete rotation for each complete rotation of the gear 56. The gear 58 is co-planar with andis adapted to mesh with the gear 6| which is secured to the hub 44 which carries one end of the hollow shaft 34. In the particular construction shown herein,

- it is desirable that the hub 44' be given two complete revolutions for each revolution of the gear 56 and therefore, the gear 58 is provided with twenty teeth and the gear 6 is provided with ten teeth. The gears 51 and 58 are so arranged with respect to each other and with respect to the gears 53 and 6|, that, upon rotation of the gear 56, the gear 57 first meshes with and rotates the gear 53 for one revolution, and moves out of mesh with the gear 53 before the gear 58 moves into mesh with the gear 6|. Further, during the time that the gear 58 is in mesh with the gear 6|, the gear 51 is always out of engagement with the gear 53. Values are transferred from the numeral wheels of the product register to the numeral wheels of the grand total register, by resetting the numeral wheels of the product register to zero; the movement of the numeral wheels 5 during this operation serving to transfer the values to the numeral wheels of the grand totalregister, through the gears 6, 4, and 35. The shaft 2 to which the gear 53 is secured, is the zero resetting shaft of the product register. The initial rotational movement of this shaft serves to move the grand total register into engagement with the product register and the further movement of this shaft serves to transfer the values from the product register to the grand total register and at the completion of one rotation of the shaft 2|, the product register is moved to elevated or normal position. The tens carrying mechanism of the grand total register,

which is operated by the gear 6|, is then brought into operation to carry tens into the grand total register, so that the value appearing therein is the correct accumulated value. The grand total register is provided with tens carrying means which are operated by rotation of the hollow shaft 34 and the inner shaft 39. The tens carrying members for the successive numeral wheels of the product register must necessarily be spaced apart angularly, so that they are successively brought into operation during the rotation of the shaft. I have found that in a grand total register having nine numeral wheels, that the tens 'carrying mechanism is fully operated by one rotation of the shaft, but since it is usually desirable to provide a grand total register having at least twelve numeral wheels, I have provided means for giving the tens carrying shaft two complete revolutions, thereby providing for the operation of all of the tens carrying devices. Should more than twenty wheels be required in the grand total register, it will be necessary to so proportion the gears 58 and GI, that the shaft 34 is given three complete rotations.

Each numeral wheel 33 (Fig. is provided on the side opposite the gear and adjacent the numeral wheel of next higher order. with a pin or projection 63. Pivoted on a shaft parallel to the shaft of the grand total register, are a plurality of arms 64 which extend into the spaces between the successive numeral wheels, there being one arm associated with each numeral wheelf The arm is provided on its under surface, ad-

jacen't its inner end, with a cam tooth 65 against which the pin 63 lies, when the numeral wheel is in zero position. The additive direction of movement of the numeral wheel is counter-clockwise. and, when the numeral wheel has moved nine steps in an additive direction, the projection 63 is in contact with the other side of the cam tooth 65. One more additive movement of the numeral wheel, causes the projection 63 to force the cam tooth 65 upward, so that in a movement of the numeral wheel from nine to zero, the arm 64 is rocked upward, in which position it is temporarily retained by means comprising the spring pressed ball 64 (Figure 1) inset in the shaft supporting arm 64 and pressed against the inside of the hub of arm 64. The arm is provided on its inner end with a curved shoe 6'! having a bevelled forward edge 68. Under the action of the projection 63, on the numeral wheel, the shoe 6! is moved outward, substantially, radially from inoperative to operative position. Secured to the shaft 34 between each two numeral wheels is a disc H and pivoted to the disc is a lever 12 which is normally held in outward position against the stop 13 by a spring I4. The lever I2 is provided with two pins, the pin '|5,projecting from one side of the lever and the pin 16 projecting from the other side. The pin 15 projects on the side of the disc which lies toward the numeralwheel of lower order and is disposed in a recess or cut-out portion inthe disc. The pin 16 lies on the side adjacent the numeral wheel of next higher order and is coplanar with the gear ,wheel 35 which is secured to said numeral wheel of next higher order. The pin 15 is normally disposed in a circular plane which lies outside the plane of the shoe 61, when the shoe is in its inner position. When the shoe pin I6 is so disposed, that when the lever I2 is in its outer position, that the pin passes the teeth of the gear 35 and when the lever I2 is moved to its inner position, the pin I6 engages a tooth of the gear 35. The lever I2 is held depressed by the shoe 61 and the shoe is of such length that the lever is held depressed for a suiiicient time to cause the pin 16 to move the gear 35 and consequently the numeral wheel 33 one step. As the pin I5 passes out from under the shoe 61, the spring I4 moves the lever I2 outward, moving the pin 16 from engagement with the tooth of the numeral wheel 35.

The disc II also carries means for restoring the transfer arm 64 to inner or inoperative position, after the shoe 60 thereon has functioned to cause a transitional carry to the numeral wheel of next higher order. Secured to or formedon the disc ll, preferably substantially diametrically opposite the pin I5 is a cam I8 which, on further rotation of the disc, contacts with the shoe 68 and moves the shoe inward to the inoperative position shown in Figure 10.

In transferring values from the product register to the grand total register, one or more of the numeral wheels of the grand total register will pass through zero, moving the associated shoes 61 outward. The transitional carry to the respective numeral wheels of next higher order, is accomplished by rotation of the shafts 34 and 39, the rotation of the shaft 39 being necessary in order to prevent the operation of the zero resetting means. Rotation of the shaft 34 causes rotation of the discs II secured thereto and such rotation causes the pins I5 to coact with the extended shoes 61, and efl'ect the transitional carry to the numeral wheels of next higher order. The levers I2 are respectively spaced apart angularly on the successive discs so that the transitional carry is successively performed on the successive discs of increasing numerical order. The completion of the rotation of the discs brings the cam I8 into operation to return the transfer arm 64 to normal inoperative position. The shaft 34 is given one or more complete rotations depending upon the number of numeral wheels in the grand total register. The shafts 34 and 39 are yieldingly coupled together by spring pressed balls 0| carried by the shaft 39 and projecting into recesses in the shaft 34, the springs being sufliciently strong to resist the load of the tens carrying mechanism so that theballs serve to normally cause thetwo shafts to rotate together, but being sufficiently weak to permit rotation of the outer shaft while the inner shaft is held stationary in the zero resetting operation. As has been set forth hereinbefore, the grand total register is reset to zero by rotating the outer shaft 34 while holding the inner shaft 39 stationary.

The hub 44 in which the end of the shaft 34 is non-rotatably seated, is provided with a stubshaft 83 journalled in the frame of the carriage and splined thereto is a spring pressed member -84 which forms part of a one direction clutch,

that is, a clutch which operates to transmit movement in one direction of rotation only. The other clutch part 85 is provided with a shaft 86 journalled in the frame of the carriage and on the end of the shaft there is secured a gear 01 which meshes with a gear 88 which is secured to the shaft 89 of the crank handle 9|, the shaft 34 is rotated in a clockwise direction for the purpose of operating the tens carrying mechanism and is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction for the purpose of resetting the numeral wheels 33 to zero. The one direction clutch composed of the members 84 and 85 transmits rotation in'a counter clockwise direction only so that the crank handle 9| is not rotated during the tens carrying operation.

During the zero resetting operation, it is necessary that the inner shaft 39 remainstationary and means are provided whereby the initial rotational movement of the crank handle 9| locks the inner shaft 39 against rotation. Journalled within the alined hollow shafts 83 and 06 isa stub shaft 92 having a half-round end which engages a half-round end of the shaft 39, so that by holding the shaft 92 against rotation, the shaft 39 is also held against rotation.- The outer end of the shaft 9-2 is squared or otherwise made unround, so that it may readily be engaged by a locking mechanism. Secured to the shaft 09 (Fig. 4) is a cam 93 against which bears a pin 94 which is secured to a slide 95 having a seat 96 in its end which is adapted'to engage the nonround end 91 of the shaft 92 and hold said shaft against rotation. Normally, the shaft 92 is free to rotate, but on the initial movement of the crank 9|, the slide 95 is moved to cause the seat 96 to engage the ends 91 of the shaft 92 and thereby hold said shaft against rotation during the time that the crank arm is out of neutral or M full-cycle position.

The present machine is particularly designed for motor drive and means have been provided under the control of the operator, for causing the .motor to drive the mechanism for the required floating shaft 95 which is in turnsplined to the driving hub 96, which is journalled in the frame of the machine, thereby providing a telescopic.- driving connection between the driving hub 96 and the driving shaft 54 of the carriage mec The machine is driven by a motor I02 (Fig. 16) which drives through suitable reduction gearing. to the gear I03. Secured to the shaft of gear I03 is a ratchet pinion I04 (Fig. 7) which forms part of a clutch, the other part comprising the clutch housing I05. Secured to the clutch housing is a gear I06 which meshes with a gear I0'l rotatably mounted on the shaft I 06 and which in turn meshes with a gear I09 which is secured to the driving hub 96 (Fig. 2). The ratchet pinion I04 is driven during the time of operation of 4 the motor and means are provided for controlling the connection of the ratchet pinion with the gear I09. Journalled on the shaft which carries the pinion I04 is a clutch housing I05 in full cycle position by the clutch lever m which extends through the aperture in the housing and engages the foot II3 on the pawl. Connected to the lever H4 is a control lever 5 which extends quired in transferring values from the product register to the grand total register, it is necessary, in the present construction, that the clutch housing I 05 rotate a plurality of times, in the present instance three times, and means are provided for holding the clutch control lever 'I I4 out of engagement with the clutch housing for three revolutions, even though the key I I6 has been previously released. In operation, however, it is customary to merely tap the key H6 and to rely on the mechanism for stopping the clutch housing in full cycle position after the required number of revolutions thereof. Secured to the gear IIl'I is a cam I2I. and secured to the shaft I22, to which the control lever H5 is secured, is a cam lever I23 which bears against the face of the cam I2I. The cam I2I is provided with a low face corresponding to the full cycle stop position of the clutch housing. During the first rotation of the clutch housing, after it has been released by depression of the key I I 6, the low face of the cam moves away from the end of the cam lever I23, so that this lever holds the control lever H5 in depressed position, slightly less than three rotations of the clutch housing, at which time, the low portion of the cam again rides under the cam lever permitting the spring I I! to move the clutch control lever H4 into engagement with the clutch I I3 of the pawl I I2, stopping the clutch housing and the various instrumentalities on the carriage which are driven thereby in full cycle position.

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine, a register comprising a plurality of numeral wheels, a shaft on which said wheels are rotatably mounted, a disc secured to the shaft and positioned intermediate the numeral wheels, a tens carrying armassociated with a numeral wheel, means carried by the numeral wheel, for moving the arm to operative position and means carried by the disc adapted on rotation of the shaft to be engaged by said operatively positioned arm to cause a tens carry to the next numeral wheel.

2. In a calculating machine, a register comprising a plurality of numeral wheels, a shaft on which said wheels are rotatably mounted, a disc secured to the shaft and positioned intermediate the numeral wheels, a tens carrying arm associated with the numeral wheels, means carried by a numeral wheel for moving the arm to operative position, a lever carried by said disc adapted on rotation of the shaft to be engaged by said operatively positioned arm to transmit the rotational movement of the disc to the next numeral wheel and means carried by the disc for restoring the arm to inoperative position.

3. In a calculating machine, a register comprising a series of numeral wheels, a shaft on which said wheels are rotatably mounted, a disc secured to the shaft and positioned between two numeral wheels, a tens carrying arm arranged to be moved from inoperative to operative position by a transitional carry of the numeral wheel of lower order, a lever carried by the disc adapted on rotation of the shaft to be engaged by said operatively positioned arm and moved into driving engagement with the numeral wheel of higher order. 7

4. In a calculating machine, a register comprising a plurality of numeral wheels, a shaft on which said wheels are rotatably mounted, and tens carrying means operated by rotation of said shaft for positively driving said Wheels.

5. In a calculating machine, a register comprising a plurality of numeral wheels, a shaft on which said wheels are rotatably mounted, a disc secured to the shaft and interposed between two numeral wheels, a lever pivoted to said disc, pins disposed on opposite sides of said lever, an arm normally disposed in inoperative position, means operative on a'transitional carry in the numeral wheel of lower order'for moving said arm into operative position for engagement by one of said pins, said engagement serving to move the other pin into operative engagement with the numeral wheel of next higher order and hold said pin in engagement with said wheel to cause said wheel to advance one number and means carried by the disc arranged to restore the arm to inoperative position.

6. In a calculating machine, a register comprising a series of numeral wheels, a hollow shaft on which said wheels are rotatably mounted, an inner shaft, tens carrying means associated with said wheels and arranged to be actuated by rotation of both shafts in one direction and zero resetting means associated with said wheels and arranged to be actuated by rotation of the ho1- low shaft in the opposite direction.

'7. In a calculating machine, a register comprising a series of numeral wheels, a hollow shaft on which said wheels are rotatably mounted, an inner shaft, tens carrying means associated with said wheels and arranged to be actuated by rotation of both shafts, -zero resetting means associated with said wheels and arranged to be actuated by rotation of the hollow shaft, and means for holding the inner shaft against rotation during the zero resetting rotation of the hollow shaft.

8. In a calculating machine, numeral wheels, a hollow shaft on which said wheels are rotatably mounted, an inner shaft, tens carrying means associated with said wheels and arranged to be actuated by rotation of both shafts, resetting means associated with said wheels and arranged to be actuated by rotation of the hollow shaft, means v for rotating said hollow shaft, and means actuated by said last named means upon initial movement thereof for locking said inner shaft against rotation.

9. In a calculating machine, a rotatable shaft, registering wheels mounted thereon, means for restraining said wheels against rotation with said shaft, and tens carrying means driven by the rotation of said shaft and comprising means for rigidly clutching said wheels to said shaft to overcome said restraining means.

10. In a calculating machine, a rotatable shaft, registering wheels mounted thereon, means for rotating said shaft while said wheels remain stationary, and means controlled by said wheels for coupling certain of said wheels to said shaft in tens carrying operations.

11. In a calculating machine, a rotatable shaft, registering wheels mounted thereon, tens carrying actuators interspersed between said wheels and operable by said shaft, means for rotating said shaft while said wheels remain stationary, and and operable by said shaft, means for rotating means for successively coupling said wheels to said shaft whilesaid-wheels remain stationary", said actuators tor rotation thereby in tens carryand means comprising cams settable by said ing operations. wheels for thereafter coupling said wheels to said 12. In a calculating machine, arotatable shaft, actuators tor rotation thereby in tens carrying 5 registering wheels mounted thereon, tens carryoperations.

in: actuators interspersed between said wheels 7 CARL M. 1 FRIDEN.

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