Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
  • E02F9/26—Indicating devices
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
  • E02F5/003—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for uncovering conduits
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
  • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
  • E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
  • E02F5/104—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
  • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
  • E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
  • E02F5/104—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water
  • E02F5/107—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water using blowing-effect devices, e.g. jets

Definitions

• Viscose silk of high tenacity has already been made by spinning viscose into precipitating baths containing at least 45% of sulfuric acid monohydrate'.
• baths of the said composition not only allow of well spinning, but even yield a silk of a particularly high strength, if the baths-contain besides sulfuric acid considerable quantities of bisulfate and if the thread is stretched while being spun.
• the threads may be stretched either by stationary rods or by eyes or by other mechanical means, or they may be stretched by enhancing the speed of spinning or by the current of the spinning bath or by a prolonged passage through the bath.
• viscoses from alkali cellulose ripened for several days still yield strengths of up to 2 grams per denier, especially when they have a higher content of cellulose, viscoses from unripened alkali cellulose will always give higher strengths. stretched when particularly highly sulfided xanthogenates are used. It is advantageous to prevent any degradation of the cellulose during The thread can more easily be,
• the viscose prepared according to a or b is spun into a precipitating bath containing 28 per cent of. free sulfuric acid and being nearly sat urated with ammonium bisulfate and sodium bisulfate, through a spinning nozzle provided with 700 perforations, the width of each perforation being 0.1 mm.
• the viscose pump is thus adjusted to deliver about 9 com. of the viscose solution per minute.
• the length of passage of the threads in the bath may be 25 cm., while the length of passage in the air may be cm.
• the speed of draught is 30 in. per minute. Under these con ditions, a thread is obtainable having a total titer of deniers.
• the spinning temperature of the bath is 40 C. After leaving the precipitating bath, the thread is stretched over 3 eyes spaced apart in the form of a triangle.
• the strength of the threads obtained exceeds 350 grams per 100 deniers with an elongation of 6 to '7 per cent.
• the viscose is spun into a bath consisting of 28% of free sulfuric acid, 32% of ammonium bisulfate, 8% of sodium bisulfate and 32% of water while strongly stretching the freshly precipitated threads. During spinning the following working conditions are to be maintained:
• the threads obtained have a total titer of 120 deniers, a strength of over 300 grams per 100 deniers and an elongation of 7 to 8%.
• E rample 3
• a viscose from alkali cellulose which has ripened for a short time, for instance, for 12 hours, containing 9% of cellulose and 8% of alkali and having a viscosity of about 150 seconds determined in the ball viscosimeter (that is to say, a steel ball of 0.1 gram needs 150 seconds to pass through a tube of 18 mm. width and 20 cm. length filled with the viscose to be determined).
• the spinning bath consists of 24% of sulfuric acid, 35% of ammonium bisulfate, 12% of sodium bisulfate and 29% of water.
• the spinning temperature is 40 C.
• a spinning nozzle is used having 120' perforations, each perforation having a diameter of 0.09 mm.
• the length of passage of the thread in the setting bath is 25 cm. and that through the air 50 cm.
• the viscose pump delivers about 4 cm, per minute.
• the threads are stretched in the usual manner. They have a total titer of 120 deniers, a strength of 330, and an elongation of 6 to 7%.
• Example 4 The spinning bath consists of a solution of 39% of ammonium bisulfate, 11% of sodium bisulfate, 18 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and 32 per cent of water.
• a viscose according to Example 1 a is spun at 40 C., through a spinning nozzle provided with 120 perforations, each perforation having a diameter of 0.07 mm. while stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the speed of draught is 30 m. per minute, the length of passage through the bath is 25 cm. and that through the air cm.
• the viscose pump is thus adjusted to deliver 6 com. of the spinning solution per minute.
• the threads obtained have a total titer of 120 deniers, a strength of over 250 per deniers and an elongation of 6 to 7%.
• Example 1 a A viscose according to Example 1 a is spun at 45 C. under the same conditions as mentioned in the foregoing example, into a precipitating bath consisting of 12% of sulfuric acid monohydrate, 48% of ammonium bisulfate, 14% of sodium bisulfate and 26% of water, while strongly stretching.
• the threads obtained have a strength of 230 per 100 deniers and an elongation of 8.3%.
• the passages through the bath and through the air may be varied in certain limits.
• the first named may be, for instance, 10 to 50 cm. or even longer and the latter may vary between 50 and 200 cm.
• spinning nozzles there may be used, for instance, nozzles /0.05 (120 perforations of an individual diameter of 0.05 mm.) or nozzles 120/0.09, TOO/0.10 or 1000/0.10.
• the viscose pump may be adjusted with each spinning nozzle to deliver the quantity of spinning solution required for the desired total titer.
• a temperature between 30 to 50 C. is to be maintained during the spinning operation.
• this temperature likewise may be varied.
• Viscose solutions having a higher or smaller content of cellulose than those indicated in the examples, may be used.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from an unripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulating bath containing 10 to 30 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and at least 30 per cent of a bisulfate soluble in the acid bath, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from an unripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulating bath containing 10 to 30 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and at least 30 per cent of ammonium bisulfate, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from an unripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulating bath containing 10 to 30 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and at least 30 per cent of ammonium bisulfate and in addition an alkali metal bisulfate, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from an unripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulation bath containing 24 to 30 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and at least 30 per cent of ammonium bisulfate and in addition an alkali metal bisulfate, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from slightly ripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulating bath containing to 30 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and at least 30 per cent of a bisulfate soluble in the acid bath, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from slightly ripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulating bath containing 10 to 30 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and at least 30 per cent of ammonium bisulfate, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from slightly ripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulating bath containing 10 to 30 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and at least 30 per cent of ammonium bisulfate and in addition an alkali metal bisulfate, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from slightly ripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulation bath containing 24 to 30 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and at least 30 per cent of ammonium bisulfate, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artifical fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from slightly ripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulation bath containing 24 to 30 per cent of sulfuric acid monohydrate and at least 30 per cent of ammonium bisulfate and in addition an alkali metal bisulfate, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from unripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulating bath containing 28% of free sulfuric acid and being nearly saturated with ammonium bisulfate and sodium bisulfate, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from alkali cellulose which has ripened for twelve hours to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulating bath containing 24% of sulfuric acid, 35% of ammonium bisulfate, 12% of sodium bisulfate and 29% of water, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.
• the process of manufacturing artificial fibers of high tenacity which comprises causing a viscose prepared from unripened alkali cellulose to pass through suitably formed openings into a coagulating bath containing 12% of sulfuric acid, 48% of ammonium bisulfate, 14% of sodium bisulfate and 26% of water, and stretching the freshly precipitated threads.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)

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• 0
  • NL NL55651D patent/NL55651C/xx active
  • NL NL33975D patent/NL33975C/xx active
• 1931
  • 1931-02-26 US US518598A patent/US2044885A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1931-03-02 FR FR712411D patent/FR712411A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1931-03-06 GB GB7036/31A patent/GB361760A/en not_active Expired

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