US2039219A - Haemacytometer - Google Patents

Haemacytometer Download PDF

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Publication number
US2039219A
US2039219A US661388A US66138833A US2039219A US 2039219 A US2039219 A US 2039219A US 661388 A US661388 A US 661388A US 66138833 A US66138833 A US 66138833A US 2039219 A US2039219 A US 2039219A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
haemacytometer
counting
liquid
cover glass
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Expired - Lifetime
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US661388A
Inventor
Hausser Carl Adolph
Hausser Anthony Adolph
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Priority to US661388A priority Critical patent/US2039219A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007Details
    • A61B5/150015Source of blood
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007Details
    • A61B5/150358Strips for collecting blood, e.g. absorbent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/02Adapting objects or devices to another
    • B01L2200/025Align devices or objects to ensure defined positions relative to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/06Fluid handling related problems
    • B01L2200/0642Filling fluids into wells by specific techniques
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/04Closures and closing means
    • B01L2300/041Connecting closures to device or container
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0822Slides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0406Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in haemacytometers, and a principal object of the invention is to provide a haemacytometer having novel means for rendering the operation of filling the chambers lesscritical, and whereby the charging operations of the chamber may be substantially uniform.
  • Figure 1 is a View in perspective of a haemacytometer made in accordance with our invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 2 2, Fig. 1, and
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional View similar to that of Fig. 2 illustrating a modification within the scope of the invention.
  • the cover-glass supporting tables 2 are adjoined on one side by the moats or channels 3, and on the opposite side by channels 5.
  • the upper surfaces of the counting chambersl I, I lie slightly below the upper surfaces of the tables 2, 2 so that when a flat cover glass'is o placed upon the latter tables, ⁇ a narrow space 6 is formed between the under surface of the glass and the upper surfaces of the table I to form the counting chamber.
  • the cover glass is designated by the reference numeral 'I inFig. 2, and is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1.
  • the blood solution is deposited upon these inclined surfaces and at Y the edges of the cover plate so as to contact the under surface of the cover glass as well as the said inclined surface whereby capillary action may tend to draw the solution into the counting chamber.
  • the 40 relatively large spaces formed between the outer ends of the cover glass and inclined surfaces 8 act as reservoirs which feed the counting chambers to the extent of their normal capacity, but which have no tendency to cause an overcharge 45 of the chambers.
  • the feeding action stops immediately after the chamber is completely lled. Since there is no danger of overcharging the counting chambers there need be no hesitation in depositing an ample quantity of the liquid upon the haemacytometer, and under charging with its attendant disadvantages may accordingly be readily avoided.
  • Our invention constitutes a substantial improvement in haemacytometers, in that it insures substantially uniformly good results and results that may be obtained by relatively inexperienced technicians.
  • the instruments could not be depended upon to give uniformly accurate readings except in the hands of experienced technicians, this being due largely to the diiculty in accurately charging the chambers. Since our invention has eliminated the critical nature of the charging operation, it is apparent that the utility of the instrument has been greatly improved.
  • the device is capable of modification from the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2 without departure from the invention, and in Fig. 3, We have illustrated a possible embodiment which while not as desirable as the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 will yet materially improve the charging characteristics of the haemacytometer and the tests made therewith.
  • the counting chamber tables have at their outer ends a relatively low portion 9 which, as illustrated, is in part overlaid by the cover glass 1, the space of greater depth between the surface 9 and the under surface of the cover glass adjoining the counting chamber 6 forming in effect a reservoir for the latter which feeds the counting chamber with suflicient liquid to completely ll it Without the same tendency to overcharge that was found in the prior forms of haemacytometer.
  • a haemacytometer comprising a table
  • a haemacytometer comprising a segregated counting-table surface terminating at one end in a downwardly extending incline, and means for supporting a cover glass in closely spaced relation to and above said surface with a free edge portion thereof in overlapped relation with said incline, the overlapped surfaces of said incline and cover defining a chamber the capacity of which is as great at least as that of the chamber formed between the cover and said countingtable surface and being adapted to receive a liquid and to feed said liquid by capillary action to the counting chamber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)

Description

Apr 2&5 1936. c, A. HAUssER ET AL 290399219 i HAEMACYTOMETER Filed March 17, 1955 Patented Apr. 28, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT `olflficl:
2,039,219 HAEMACYTOMETER Application March 17,
3 Claims.
This invention relates to improvements in haemacytometers, and a principal object of the invention is to provide a haemacytometer having novel means for rendering the operation of filling the chambers lesscritical, and whereby the charging operations of the chamber may be substantially uniform.
In the prior forms of haemacytometer, considerable diiiiculty has been experienced in accurately charging the chambers with the solution. In general, the tendency is to overcharge, or, in other words, to supply-the space between the cover glass and the counting table with solution in excess of that required to completely fill the chamber. Such overcharging may result in overow of the solution into the channels adjacent the counting chambers, which spoils the test and necessitates recharging, it having been found that tests conducted under overow conditions are unreliable. Another possible result of overcharging is a displacement of the coverglass from its normal position, since if surface tension of the liquid resists the tendency to overflow into the adjoining channels, the surplus liquid will tend to elevate the cover glass. This condition results in a too large count.
Frequently also attempts to avoid overcharging results in an undercharge. Where too small a quantity is deposited at the chamber entrance, the chamber will not be completely filled, or, at best, the charge will go in spasmodically, causing bubbles and uneven distribution because of the settling of the corpuscles during the slow movement of the liquid into the chamber.
We have discovered means whereby the charging operation may be made substantially independent of the amount of liquid deposited on the haemacytometer, whereby assurance may be had that the chamber will be completely and uniformly filled for all counting operations.
In the attached drawing, in which we have illustrated our invention:
Figure 1 is a View in perspective of a haemacytometer made in accordance with our invention;
Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 2 2, Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional View similar to that of Fig. 2 illustrating a modification within the scope of the invention.
With reference to the drawing, we have therein illustrated a haemacytometer conforming in all essential respects to the present generally accepted standard. The counting chambers designated by the reference numeral I are formed 1933, Serial No. 661,388
on tables extending transversely ofthe ,bodyof the haemacytometer, and are segregated from each other and from the adjacent cover-glass supporting tables 2, 2 by moats 3, 3 and 4. As illustrated, the cover-glass supporting tables 2 are adjoined on one side by the moats or channels 3, and on the opposite side by channels 5. The upper surfaces of the counting chambersl I, I lie slightly below the upper surfaces of the tables 2, 2 so that when a flat cover glass'is o placed upon the latter tables, `a narrow space 6 is formed between the under surface of the glass and the upper surfaces of the table I to form the counting chamber. The cover glass is designated by the reference numeral 'I inFig. 2, and is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1.
In accordance with the present invention and in a preferred embodiment we bevel the end portions of the counting chamber tables, as indicated at 8, to form an inclined surface extending o downwardly from one side of the counting chamber 6. These bevel surfaces are so relatively arranged with respect to the cover glass I that the edges of the latter project over the inner portions of the bevels, as shown in Fig. 2. 2
In utilizing a haemacytometer in accordance with our invention, the blood solution is deposited upon these inclined surfaces and at Y the edges of the cover plate so as to contact the under surface of the cover glass as well as the said inclined surface whereby capillary action may tend to draw the solution into the counting chamber. With a haemacytometer constructed as described, it is immaterial whether the amount of liquid introduced onto the surfaces 8 is greater than that required to completely fill the chamber 6, since while the liquid is rapidly drawn by capillary action into the chambers, the action stops immediately when the chambers are full, there being no tendency to overcharge. The 40 relatively large spaces formed between the outer ends of the cover glass and inclined surfaces 8 act as reservoirs which feed the counting chambers to the extent of their normal capacity, but which have no tendency to cause an overcharge 45 of the chambers. Thus While the liquid is drawn with great rapidity into the chamber, the feeding action stops immediately after the chamber is completely lled. Since there is no danger of overcharging the counting chambers there need be no hesitation in depositing an ample quantity of the liquid upon the haemacytometer, and under charging with its attendant disadvantages may accordingly be readily avoided.
Our invention constitutes a substantial improvement in haemacytometers, in that it insures substantially uniformly good results and results that may be obtained by relatively inexperienced technicians. Heretofore the instruments could not be depended upon to give uniformly accurate readings except in the hands of experienced technicians, this being due largely to the diiculty in accurately charging the chambers. Since our invention has eliminated the critical nature of the charging operation, it is apparent that the utility of the instrument has been greatly improved.
It will be apparent that the device is capable of modification from the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2 without departure from the invention, and in Fig. 3, We have illustrated a possible embodiment which while not as desirable as the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 will yet materially improve the charging characteristics of the haemacytometer and the tests made therewith. In this instance, the counting chamber tables have at their outer ends a relatively low portion 9 which, as illustrated, is in part overlaid by the cover glass 1, the space of greater depth between the surface 9 and the under surface of the cover glass adjoining the counting chamber 6 forming in effect a reservoir for the latter which feeds the counting chamber with suflicient liquid to completely ll it Without the same tendency to overcharge that was found in the prior forms of haemacytometer.
There may be still other modifications Without departure from the essential features of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
l. A haemacytometer comprising a table, and
means for supporting a cover glass above and in proximity to said table to form the counting chamber, a portion of said table over which an edge portion of the cover glass normally extends being recessed to form a reservoir chamber adjoining the counting chamber adapted to receive a liquid and to feed said liquid by capillary action to the counting chamber.
2. In a haemacytometer, the combination with relatively movable elements, and means for relatively positioning said elements to form a capillary space between opposed surfaces thereof constituting the counting chamber, the opposed surfaces of said elements diverging in part from a side of said chamber to form a reservoir chamber of greater depth than the counting chamber adjoining the latter, said reservoir chamber being adapted to receive a liquid and to feed said liquid by capilliary action to the counting chamber.
3. A haemacytometer comprising a segregated counting-table surface terminating at one end in a downwardly extending incline, and means for supporting a cover glass in closely spaced relation to and above said surface with a free edge portion thereof in overlapped relation with said incline, the overlapped surfaces of said incline and cover defining a chamber the capacity of which is as great at least as that of the chamber formed between the cover and said countingtable surface and being adapted to receive a liquid and to feed said liquid by capillary action to the counting chamber.
CARL ADOLPH HAUSSER. ANTHONY ADOLPH HAUSSER.
US661388A 1933-03-17 1933-03-17 Haemacytometer Expired - Lifetime US2039219A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3777283A (en) * 1972-04-21 1973-12-04 C Elkins Transparent slide for the examination of liquid specimens
USRE30007E (en) * 1974-08-15 1979-05-22 United States Surgical Corporation Hematocrit measurements by electrical conductivity
DE3333674A1 (en) * 1982-09-20 1984-03-22 V-Tech, Inc., 91720 Corona, Calif. CLEAR LABORATORY SLIDE
US4501496A (en) * 1982-05-07 1985-02-26 Griffin Gladys B Specimen slide for analysis of liquid specimens
US4505557A (en) * 1982-08-16 1985-03-19 Helena Laboratories, Inc. Microscope slide
US4607921A (en) * 1982-09-20 1986-08-26 V-Tech, Inc. Wet mount microscopic examination slide II
US4637693A (en) * 1985-07-23 1987-01-20 Icl Scientific Corp. Microscope inspection slide
USRE33826E (en) * 1985-07-23 1992-02-18 Hycor Biomedical, Inc. Microscope inspection slide
US5569607A (en) * 1994-03-22 1996-10-29 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Slide for the microscopic evaluation of liquid specimens
US5982534A (en) * 1997-06-18 1999-11-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Specimen illumination apparatus with optical cavity for dark field illumination
US20080194034A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-08-14 Celerus Diagnostics, Inc. Method And Apparatus For Automated Rapid Immunohistochemistry
US7595874B1 (en) 2006-02-08 2009-09-29 Sciperio, Inc. Method of condensed cell slide preparation and detection of rarely occurring cells on microscope slides
WO2009126685A2 (en) 2008-04-09 2009-10-15 Nexcelom Bioscience Systems and methods for counting cells and biomolecules

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3777283A (en) * 1972-04-21 1973-12-04 C Elkins Transparent slide for the examination of liquid specimens
USRE30007E (en) * 1974-08-15 1979-05-22 United States Surgical Corporation Hematocrit measurements by electrical conductivity
US4501496A (en) * 1982-05-07 1985-02-26 Griffin Gladys B Specimen slide for analysis of liquid specimens
US4505557A (en) * 1982-08-16 1985-03-19 Helena Laboratories, Inc. Microscope slide
DE3333674A1 (en) * 1982-09-20 1984-03-22 V-Tech, Inc., 91720 Corona, Calif. CLEAR LABORATORY SLIDE
FR2533324A1 (en) * 1982-09-20 1984-03-23 V Tech Inc BLADE FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
US4607921A (en) * 1982-09-20 1986-08-26 V-Tech, Inc. Wet mount microscopic examination slide II
US4637693A (en) * 1985-07-23 1987-01-20 Icl Scientific Corp. Microscope inspection slide
USRE33826E (en) * 1985-07-23 1992-02-18 Hycor Biomedical, Inc. Microscope inspection slide
US5569607A (en) * 1994-03-22 1996-10-29 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Slide for the microscopic evaluation of liquid specimens
US5982534A (en) * 1997-06-18 1999-11-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Specimen illumination apparatus with optical cavity for dark field illumination
US20080194034A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-08-14 Celerus Diagnostics, Inc. Method And Apparatus For Automated Rapid Immunohistochemistry
US20080213804A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-09-04 Celerus Diagnostics, Inc. Parallel Processing Fluidic Method and Apparatus for Automated Rapid Immunohistochemistry
US20080286753A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-11-20 Celerus Diagnostics, Inc. Wicking Cassette Method and Apparatus for Automated Rapid Immunohistochemistry
US20090004691A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2009-01-01 Celerus Diagnostics, Inc. Enhanced Fluidic Method and Apparatus for Automated Rapid Immunohistochemistry
US7838283B2 (en) 2005-04-21 2010-11-23 Celerus Diagnostics, Inc. Wicking cassette method and apparatus for automated rapid immunohistochemistry
US8034610B2 (en) 2005-04-21 2011-10-11 Celerus Diagnostics, Inc. Parallel processing fluidic method and apparatus for automated rapid immunohistochemistry
US8058010B2 (en) 2005-04-21 2011-11-15 Celerus Diagnostics, Inc. Enhanced fluidic method and apparatus for automated rapid immunohistochemistry
US8178350B2 (en) 2005-04-21 2012-05-15 Celerus Diagnostics, Inc. Method and apparatus for automated rapid immunohistochemistry
US7595874B1 (en) 2006-02-08 2009-09-29 Sciperio, Inc. Method of condensed cell slide preparation and detection of rarely occurring cells on microscope slides
WO2009126685A2 (en) 2008-04-09 2009-10-15 Nexcelom Bioscience Systems and methods for counting cells and biomolecules

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