US2034009A - Treatment of filaments, threads, and the like - Google Patents
Treatment of filaments, threads, and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2034009A US2034009A US573421A US57342131A US2034009A US 2034009 A US2034009 A US 2034009A US 573421 A US573421 A US 573421A US 57342131 A US57342131 A US 57342131A US 2034009 A US2034009 A US 2034009A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- spinning
- liquid
- nozzle
- coagulating liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
- D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in the treatment of filaments, threads, ribbons, films and the like with liquids and is primarily concerned with a new process for the production of filaments, threads, ribbons, films and other products by wet or semi-wet spinning processes.
- liquids are applied to filaments, threads and the like by the longitudinal travel of the filaments and the like in contact with and transverse to a surface supplied with a film of liquid.
- the invention is most valuable in its application to the spinning of artificial filaments and other products, and in this application a spinning solution is extruded through a coagulating medium in such a way that the filaments carry with them an amount of liquid insufiicient to cause them to cling together.
- the spinning solution may be extruded through a film of coagulating liquid of limited thickness.
- the exterior surface of the spinning nozzle may be continuously supplied with such a liquid so as to form a film through which the spinning solution has to be extruded.
- the new spinning nozzles provided with such means for supplyng liquid form part of the present invention.
- the invention may be carried into effect in a large number of ways, and the following methods are only instanced as examples of methods of achieving the advantages of the invention.
- the under side of a spinning nozzle adapted tospin downwards, though not necessarily vertically downwards is covered and continuously supplied with 5 an adhering film of coagulating liquid.
- the film of coagulating liquid before spinning commences completely covers the extrusion orifices of the nozzle, and when spinning is started the filaments falling or being drawn through the film 10 of coagulating liquid carry with them a small quantity of the liquid insufficient by reason of the surface tension of the liquid itself to cause them to cling together.
- the maximum permissible thickness of the 16 film of coagulating liquid will be dependent on the size of the jet orifices and therefore on the denier of the filaments being spun and also upon the distance apart of the individual jet orifices, and to a lesser extent on the coefficient of the 20 surface tension between the coagulating liquid and the incipient filaments.
- the jet orifices may be formed at the centre or towards the centre, say in a ring round the centre,
- the cup-shaped member may, for example, be notched at intervals round its circumference, so as to permit the coagulating liquid to flow slowly in the form of a film round the entire outside surface of the hemispherical nozzle.
- the rate at which the coagulating liquid is supplied to the outside surface of the nozzle during spinning is adjusted so that the film of coagulating liquid does not tend to form in drops over the jet orifices or in other words the filaments are extruded at a sufficient rate to carry away the whole of the coagulating liquid supplied.
- the filaments are formed as is usual in the wet spinning process in a body of coagulating liquid, and in this preferred form they carry this coagulating liquid as a kind of sheath or outside layer for some distance during their travel. They may then be treated according to dry spinning processes so as to evaporate the solvent from the spinning solution and also to evaporate the coagulating liquid supplied to the nozzle.
- the above method of carrying the invention into effect consists in bringing a body of coagulating liquid from the outside towards the ring of spinning jets or orifices.
- the invention is not of course limited tosuch an arrangement of the jet orifices or to such a means of bringing the coagulating liquid thereto.
- the jet orifices may be spread over a substantially fiat surface or over a surface of any convenient shape, but preferably they are so arranged that substantially equal amounts of coagulating liquid are capable of contacting with each of the filaments in the moment of their formation.
- Another method of carrying the invention into effect consists in supplying coagulating liquid to the inside of a ring of jet orifices, so as to cover the nozzle face with a film as before.
- a coagulating liquid may be supplied both from the inside and outside of a. ring of orifices. Further the orifices may be arranged in line along a wedge-shaped jet, i. e. a jet of more or less triangular crosssection. The coagulating liquid may then be caused to flow in the form of a film down the outside of the two faces of the wedge towards the edge along which the jet orifices are arranged. Or again a similar arrangement may be adopted in the case of a single line or a plurality of lines of orifices arranged in a nozzle having a semicylindrical shape.
- 1,883,423 filed 2nd January, 1929 may be considered to be jets of this type and are very suitable for use in the present invention.
- the coagulating liquid may be supplied to the interior of the circular line of jets by way of the recessed portion of the nozzle or more advantageously to both the exterior and the interior of the jets.
- a further means of carrying the invention into effect consists in continuously supplying with a film of coagulating liquid of the requisite thickness the upper surface of a spinning nozzle adapted to spin upwardly.
- the nozzle may for example be planar or concave or even convex.
- the coagulating liquid may be supplied to the centre of the jet and in the first case either to the outside or to the centre or both, while it is most convenient in the case of a concave jet to supply the liquid from the exterior edges of the jet.
- line jets may be used and suitable methods of supplying the coagulating liquid will be obvious from the above description.
- the coagulating liquid supplied to the nozzle should be of lower volatility at the spinning temperature than the solvent of the spinning solution. Further it is preferable that it should not act so as to exercise too great a precipitating action upon the filaments during their formation unless a matt effect is desired. For this reason I prefer to employ as the coagulating liquid a liquid having a high plasticizing power for the cellulose acetate or other cellulose ester or ether or other base of the spinning solution, and I refer broadly in this connection to the coagulating liquids described in U. S. applications S. Nos. 402,785 filed 26th October 1929 and 418,414 filed 3rd January 1930.
- solvents preferably organic and preferably of relatively low volatility
- solvents may be employed in aqueous or alcoholic solution in relatively high concentration.
- ethyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, diethyl tartrate, monoand di-acetin, dioxane, lactic acid and the like may be applied in aqueous or alcoholic solution in a concentration of 25-65%.
- Liquid plasticizing agents as for example tricresyl phosphate or the isomeric xylene mono-methyl sulphonamides, or liquid mixtures of plasticizing agents with solvents and/or nonsolvents for the cellulose derivative may also be employed.
- FIG. 1 to 8 of the accompanying drawing illustrate forms of nozzle in accordance with the present invention, Figures 1, 3, 5 and 7 being elevations partly in section, and Figures 2, 4, 6 and 8 being the corresponding plans or inverted plans.
- Fig. 9 shows a side elevational view of a modified arrangement for carrying out the present invention.
- a hemispherical spinning jet I 0 secured in the usual manner to a spinning head is adapted to extrude filaments H through a film of liquid adhering toits convex surface and supplied from a trough l2 surrounding the jet.
- the jet holes are shown at l3 and the trough l2 supplies the liquid by means of the notches Id.
- the size of the notches [4 determines the rate at which the coagulating liquid is supplied from the trough l2 to the filaments H.
- Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a nozzle adapted to spin a line of filaments.
- the nozzle I5 is wedgeshaped and has the spinning orifices l6 distributed along its lower edge.
- the jet is provided with a trough l! in which notches [8 are cut so as to allow a film of liquid to trickle outside the surface of the nozzle in a similar manner to that described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
- Figures 5 and 6 illustrate a nozzle adapted for upward spinning.
- the nozzle i9 may be attached to the spinning head by means of a swivel joint. The nozzle is started up so as to spin downwardly, is then turned upwards by means of the swivel joint, and the trough 2
- Figures '7 and 8 illustrate the type of nozzle claimed in U. S. Patent No. 1,883,423 provided with means for supplying a film of coagulating liquid in accordance with the present invention.
- the nozzle 23 provided with an annular troughshaped portion 24 with a ring of jet holes 25 is supplied with spinning solution through the ducts 26.
- the interior tube 2'! supplies coagulating liquid through a series of holes 28 to the interior surface 29 inside the ring of jet holes.
- the rate of flow of the coagulating liquid through the tube 21 and the holes 28 may be suitably adjusted by providing the source of supply with a needle valve or other means of regulation.
- the filaments or other products after passage through the film or other thin layer of coagulating liquid may be treated according to dry spinning processes, especially in the case of spinning solutions containing cellulose acetate or other cellulose ester or ether, in which application the present invention is the most valuable.
- Other cellulose esters and ethers which may be contained in the spinning solution include cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butylrate, cellulose nitrate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose.
- the filaments after having been'dried, for example in an ordinary dry spinning cell or metier, may be wound by any suitable methods, for example directly on bobbins in or outside the spinning cell, or may be twisted and wound, for example by means of cap spinning devices, see U. S. Patent No.
- the invention is of greatest value in its application to the spinning of artificial filaments and the like, it is by no means limited thereto, since it affords broadly a new means of applying liquids in limited quantities to filaments, threads or the like whether they are being formed in the process of applying the liquid or whether they have already been formed.
- the new process may be applied to the sizing or dyeing of continuous lengths of filaments or threads, and particularly filaments or threads of natural silk or of artificial silk, whether of the cellulosic type or of the cellulose derivative type.
- a row of filaments or threads proceeding for example from a suitable creel or from a line of spinning jets, may be caused to contact with the lower edge of an inclined surface or of a segment of a cylindrical surface or the like supplied continuously on its lower or upper side with a film or thin layer of a size or dyeing composition or other liquid to be applied, the filaments or threads thereby being caused to carry the liquid away from the surface.
- the lower edge of such a surface is provided or formed with guides so as to maintain the spacing of the filaments or threads and secure uniform application of the liquid.
- the lower edge of the surface may be formed as a series of teeth.
- Figure 9 illustrates such an application of the invention.
- An inclined member 36 is fitted with a trough 3
- Filaments, yarns or the like 32 to which it is required to apply a suitable sizing, dyeing or other liquid, are passed in contact with the lower end 33 of the member 30 which is provided with a series of notches adapted to separate the filaments or yarns 32 from each other, if such separation is desired.
- the filaments or yarns 32 are bent at a small angle on passing the lower edge 33 so as to maintain a good contact.
- Process for the production of artificial filaments comprising extruding a solution of cellulose acetate in a volatile solvent through a nozzle the exterior surface of which is continuously supplied with a film of a coagulating liquid consisting of a strong solution of a solvent for cellulose acetate, and completing the setting of the products in an evaporative medium.
- Process for the production of artificial filaments comprising extruding a solution of cellulose acetate in a volatile solvent through a nozzle, the exterior surface of which is continuously supplied with a film of a liquid selected from the group consisting of aqueous solutions of diacetone alcohol, ethyl lactate, and diethyl tartrate in concentration of 25-65%.
- Process for the production of artificial filaments comprising extruding a solution of cellulose acetate in a volatile solvent downwards through a nozzle, the exterior surface of which is continuously supplied with a film of a coagulating liquid selected from the group consisting of aqueous solutions of diacetone alcohol, ethyl lactate and diethyl tartrate in concentration of 25-65%.
- a spinning nozzle having a plurality of orifices and provided with a container contacting with its exterior surface and adapted to maintain a thin film of liquid on said surface.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB38434/30A GB370430A (en) | 1930-12-20 | 1930-12-20 | Improvements in the treatment of filaments, yarns, ribbons, and the like, made of orcontaining cellulose esters or ethers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2034009A true US2034009A (en) | 1936-03-17 |
Family
ID=10403405
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US573421A Expired - Lifetime US2034009A (en) | 1930-12-20 | 1931-11-06 | Treatment of filaments, threads, and the like |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2034009A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR725266A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB370430A (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2798252A (en) * | 1955-09-23 | 1957-07-09 | American Cyanamid Co | Spinnerette |
US3242529A (en) * | 1963-01-25 | 1966-03-29 | British Nylon Spinners Ltd | Melt-spinning apparatus with oppositely directed inert gas streams |
US4284598A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1981-08-18 | Monsanto Company | Method for making bicomponent filaments |
US4724109A (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1988-02-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for production of continuous inorganic fibers and apparatus therefor |
-
1930
- 1930-12-20 GB GB38434/30A patent/GB370430A/en not_active Expired
-
1931
- 1931-10-21 FR FR725266D patent/FR725266A/fr not_active Expired
- 1931-11-06 US US573421A patent/US2034009A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2798252A (en) * | 1955-09-23 | 1957-07-09 | American Cyanamid Co | Spinnerette |
US3242529A (en) * | 1963-01-25 | 1966-03-29 | British Nylon Spinners Ltd | Melt-spinning apparatus with oppositely directed inert gas streams |
US4284598A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1981-08-18 | Monsanto Company | Method for making bicomponent filaments |
US4724109A (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1988-02-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for production of continuous inorganic fibers and apparatus therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR725266A (fr) | 1932-05-10 |
GB370430A (en) | 1932-03-21 |
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