US2031904A - Machine parts and apparatus intended for high temperature operation - Google Patents
Machine parts and apparatus intended for high temperature operation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2031904A US2031904A US536940A US53694031A US2031904A US 2031904 A US2031904 A US 2031904A US 536940 A US536940 A US 536940A US 53694031 A US53694031 A US 53694031A US 2031904 A US2031904 A US 2031904A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- molybdenum
- chromium
- centrifugal casting
- machine parts
- high temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
Definitions
- This invention relates to machine parts and apparatus intended for operation upon metals heated to a high temperature, which causes the machine parts to be subjected in use to considerable variations in temperature.
- machine parts are centrifugal casting moulds, and matrices, swaging sockets, rollers, pressing plungers and dies for use at high temperatures.
- chromium nickel or chromium molybdenum steel alloys of somewhat the following composition have hitherto been regarded as the most suitable materials:
- Chromium-nickel steel alloys containing about 0.3% carbon, about 1.5 to 2% nickel and about 0.5 to 1% chromium, and.
- Chromium-molybdenum steel alloys containing about 0.3% carbon, about 1.0 to 1.3% chromium and about 0.35% molybdenum.
- centrifugal casting moulds can be increased up to 100% if they are made of steel alloys which contain up to about 0.3% carbon, more than about 2.1% chromium, more than about 0.15% molybdenum with or without an amount of nickel up to about 2%. Some or all of the molybdenum may be replaced by about twice as much tungsten.
- the improvement in the durability of the centrifugal casting moulds is believed to be due to the fact that on account of the increased chr0- mium and reduced carbon content the occurrence on the surface of a network of cracks due to stresses set up by heat is retarded and reduced.
- the occurrence of these cracks in existing centrifugal casting moulds is a source of anxiety.
- the improvement is believed to be also due to the fact that even after the formation of the cracks they are practically prevented from spreading and enlarging themselves by virtue of the substantially higher yield point due to the higher chromium content and the addition of molybdenum. It is found that particularly durable centrifugal casting moulds can be produced if the moulds'during the process for improving their properties, i. e.
- a steel alloy may be mentioned which contains about 0.16% carbon, about 2.4% chromium and 0.38% molybdenum with or without an amount of nickel up to about 0.5%.
- the addition of molybdenum can be replaced by an addition of tungsten twice as large, 1. e. by about 0.76% tungsten; it is also found to be advantageous to add up to about 0.4% vanadium for the purpose of further increasing the yield point.
- the steel alloys mentioned above are not only suitable for the production of centrifugal casting moulds but also for the production of all those machine parts or apparatus which have to work at high temperatures and aresubjected to considerable temperature variations, that is to say for the production of such articles as pressing matrices, swaging sockets, rollers, pressing plungers and pressing dies for use at high temperatures.
- a steel alloy which contains about 0.21% carbon, about 2.53% chromium, about 0.42% molybdenum and about 0.28% vanadium.
- a steel alloy is particularly suitable for example which contains about 0.28% carv bon, about 2.01% chromium, about 1.08% nickel and about 0.48% molybdenum.
- centrifugal casting mould made from a steel alloy containingabout, 0.16% carbon, about 2.4% chromium, about 0.38% molybdenumand up to about 0.5% nickel. 5.
- a centrifugal casting mould composed of a steel alloy containing up to about 0.3% of car-,
- a centrifugal casting mould composed of a steel alloy containing up to about 0.3% of carbon
- a centrifugal casting mould composed of a steel alloy containing up to about 0.3% carbon, about 2.1 to 4.5% of chromium, about 0.15 to 0.8%
Description
Patented Feb. 25, 1935 "UNITED STATES .MACHINE PARTs AND APPARATUS IN- TENDED FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE or.
ERATION Fritz Rittershau sen and Heinz Korschan, Essen,
Germany, assignors to Fried. Krupp Aktiengesellschaft, Essen-on-the-Ruhr, Germany No Drawing. a, Application May 12, 1931, Serial No. 536,940. In Germany June 6, 1930 Claims.
This invention relates to machine parts and apparatus intended for operation upon metals heated to a high temperature, which causes the machine parts to be subjected in use to considerable variations in temperature. Examples of such machine parts are centrifugal casting moulds, and matrices, swaging sockets, rollers, pressing plungers and dies for use at high temperatures.-
For centrifugal casting moulds, that is to say for moulds for the production of gray cast iron pipes by the centrifugal casting process, chromium nickel or chromium molybdenum steel alloys of somewhat the following composition have hitherto been regarded as the most suitable materials:
(a) Chromium-nickel steel alloys containing about 0.3% carbon, about 1.5 to 2% nickel and about 0.5 to 1% chromium, and.
'(b) Chromium-molybdenum steel alloys containing about 0.3% carbon, about 1.0 to 1.3% chromium and about 0.35% molybdenum.
Extensive researches have, however, shown that the durability of centrifugal casting moulds can be increased up to 100% if they are made of steel alloys which contain up to about 0.3% carbon, more than about 2.1% chromium, more than about 0.15% molybdenum with or without an amount of nickel up to about 2%. Some or all of the molybdenum may be replaced by about twice as much tungsten.
The improvement in the durability of the centrifugal casting moulds is believed to be due to the fact that on account of the increased chr0- mium and reduced carbon content the occurrence on the surface of a network of cracks due to stresses set up by heat is retarded and reduced. The occurrence of these cracks in existing centrifugal casting moulds is a source of anxiety. The improvement is believed to be also due to the fact that even after the formation of the cracks they are practically prevented from spreading and enlarging themselves by virtue of the substantially higher yield point due to the higher chromium content and the addition of molybdenum. It is found that particularly durable centrifugal casting moulds can be produced if the moulds'during the process for improving their properties, i. e. during hardening and tempering, are tempered to about 700 C. and allowed to cool from this temperature in the furnace. This cooling in the furnace from about -700 C. results in the reduction of the internal nearly complete absence of stress in centrifugal I casting moulds produced in this way brings with it the advantage, which is very substantial in the production of centrifugal cast pipes, that the moulds are not distorted during the centrifugal process. I As a practical example of a composition spe cially suitable for the production of centrifugal casting moulds a steel alloy may be mentioned which contains about 0.16% carbon, about 2.4% chromium and 0.38% molybdenum with or without an amount of nickel up to about 0.5%. The addition of molybdenum can be replaced by an addition of tungsten twice as large, 1. e. by about 0.76% tungsten; it is also found to be advantageous to add up to about 0.4% vanadium for the purpose of further increasing the yield point.
The steel alloys mentioned above are not only suitable for the production of centrifugal casting moulds but also for the production of all those machine parts or apparatus which have to work at high temperatures and aresubjected to considerable temperature variations, that is to say for the production of such articles as pressing matrices, swaging sockets, rollers, pressing plungers and pressing dies for use at high temperatures.
As an example of a composition suitable for the production of a hot pressing die a steel alloy may be mentioned which contains about 0.21% carbon, about 2.53% chromium, about 0.42% molybdenum and about 0.28% vanadium. For hot rollers a steel alloy is particularly suitable for example which contains about 0.28% carv bon, about 2.01% chromium, about 1.08% nickel and about 0.48% molybdenum.
What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-
1. Articles which in their normal use are subjected to high temperatures or large temperature variations, said articles being composed of a steel alloy containing up to about 0.3% carbon, 1 about 2.1 to 4.5% chromium, about 0.15 to 0.8% molybdenum, up to about 0.4% vanadium and up to 2% nickel. D
2. Articles as specified in claim 1 in which the molybdenum content is replaced at least partly by about twice as much tungsten.
3. As a new article of manufacture a centrifugal casting mould made from a steel alloy containing about 0.16% carbon, about 2.4% chromium and about 0.38% molybdenum.
4. As a new article of manufacture a centrifugal casting mould made from a steel alloy containingabout, 0.16% carbon, about 2.4% chromium, about 0.38% molybdenumand up to about 0.5% nickel. 5. A centrifugal casting mould composed of a steel alloy containing up to about 0.3% of car-,
bon, about 2.1 to 4.5% of chromium, and about 0.15 to 0.8% of molybdenum.
6. A centrifugal casting mould composed of a steel alloy containing up to about 0.3% of carbon,
about 2.1 to 4.5% of chromium, about 0.15 to 0.8% of molybdenum, and up to 2% of nickel.
'7. A centrifugal casting mould as specified in claim 5, in which the molybdenum content is replaced at least partly by about twice as much 15 tungsten.
8. A centrifugal casting mould as specified in claim 6, in which the molybdenum content is replaced at least partly by about twice as much tungsten.
9. A centrifugal casting mould composed of a steel alloy containing up to about 0.3% carbon, about 2.1 to 4.5% of chromium, about 0.15 to 0.8%
of molybdenum and up to about 0.4% of vanadium.
10. A centrifugal casting mould as specified in claim 9, in which the molybdenum content is replaced at least partly by about twice as much tungsten.
FRITZ RITIERSHAUSEN. HEINZ KQRSCHAN.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2031904X | 1930-06-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2031904A true US2031904A (en) | 1936-02-25 |
Family
ID=7981801
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US536940A Expired - Lifetime US2031904A (en) | 1930-06-06 | 1931-05-12 | Machine parts and apparatus intended for high temperature operation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2031904A (en) |
AT (1) | AT134828B (en) |
CH (1) | CH158001A (en) |
GB (1) | GB371633A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3254991A (en) * | 1962-06-29 | 1966-06-07 | Republic Steel Corp | Steel alloy and method of making same |
US4216014A (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1980-08-05 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Low temperature steel alloy |
WO2004067783A2 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-12 | Ellwood National Forge Company | Eglin steel - a low alloy high strength composition |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE746189C (en) * | 1938-08-06 | 1944-06-08 | Stahlschmidt & Co Kom Ges | Steel alloy for hot processing tools |
DE898316C (en) * | 1938-12-07 | 1953-11-30 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Hot work tools |
US2576229A (en) * | 1941-03-12 | 1951-11-27 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Steel for tools operating at elevated temperatures |
DE952820C (en) * | 1941-03-13 | 1956-11-22 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Chrome-vanadium-tungsten-molybdenum steel alloys for hot work tools, especially press dies |
US2895861A (en) * | 1957-05-28 | 1959-07-21 | Creusot Forges Ateliers | Process for improving stress corrosion cracking resistance of alloyed steel in hydrogen sulphide atmosphere |
US4919735A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1990-04-24 | National Forge Company | Khare pipe mold steel |
-
1931
- 1931-05-12 US US536940A patent/US2031904A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1931-05-15 GB GB14428/31A patent/GB371633A/en not_active Expired
- 1931-05-15 AT AT134828D patent/AT134828B/en active
- 1931-05-15 CH CH158001D patent/CH158001A/en unknown
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3254991A (en) * | 1962-06-29 | 1966-06-07 | Republic Steel Corp | Steel alloy and method of making same |
US4216014A (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1980-08-05 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Low temperature steel alloy |
WO2004067783A2 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-12 | Ellwood National Forge Company | Eglin steel - a low alloy high strength composition |
US20040250931A1 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-12-16 | Ellwood National Forge Company | Eglin steel - a low alloy high strength composition |
EP1594997A2 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2005-11-16 | Ellwood National Forge Company | Eglin steel - a low alloy high strength composition |
EP1594997A4 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2006-11-02 | Ellwood Nat Forge Company | Eglin steel - a low alloy high strength composition |
US7537727B2 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2009-05-26 | Ellwood National Forge Company | Eglin steel—a low alloy high strength composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB371633A (en) | 1932-04-28 |
AT134828B (en) | 1933-10-10 |
CH158001A (en) | 1932-10-31 |
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