US2028877A

US2028877A - Roof structure

Info

Publication number: US2028877A
Application number: US637328A
Authority: US
Inventors: Oscar H Pocock; Rossetti Louis
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1932-10-11
Filing date: 1932-10-11
Publication date: 1936-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 1953-01-28

Description

am 2 o. H. PococK Err AL ROOF STRUCTURE Filed O Ot. 11, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 lNvENTo BY l ATTORNEY Jan. 28, E936. o, H. PococK E-r A1.

ROOF STRUCTURE Filed Oct. l1, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 lNvENTo ATTORNEY Jn., 28, 11936.. o H. PococK 11T AL.

ROOF STRUCTURE Filed oct. 11, 1932 s sheds-sheet 4 @OHL ATTORNEY Jam. 28, 1936.v o H, PococK ET AL ROOF S TRUCTURE Filed OCL. ll, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet. 5

1 l I i l I l l l l I l I l I l l l l |.|.P||I|||Illll |||||lll| INVENTOR QW, #i/ BY 4 1%/ rum ATTORNEY f FIC-).10

Patented Jan. 28, 1936 UNET Finiti? QFFICE ROOF STRUCTURE Application October il,

i3 Claims.

The main objects of this invention are toy provide a roof structure that will admit light from all directions and provide a uniformly intense illumination over the entire area of a building covered by same; to provide a roof structure that will admit light from all directions and practically eliminate shadows within the entire area of a building covered by the same; to provide a `roof structure having bi-directional monitors therein that will exhaust foul air from a building covered by the same by means of the effect of wind blowing from any direction; to provide a roof structure having bidirectional monitors therein that will efficiently exhaust foul air from a building covered by the same by means of the effect of the difference in temperature of the air inside and outside of the building and the effect of wind blowing from any direction; to provide a roof structure having lighting and Ventilating means uniformly distributed over the entire roor" area; to provide a roof structure having bi-direetional uniformly distributed lighting and venti'- lating means that will permit a building covered by the same to be placed in any direction on any site without reference to prevailing winds or eX- posure to sunlight and obtain ancient natural light and ventilation therefrom; to provide a roof structure having means for eincient natural light and ventilation in the form oi b-directional monitors at various elevations in respect to the main roof level and at the same time take economic advantage of main cantilever trusses and shallow longitudinal and transverse trusses in supporting the same; to provide a roof structure affording highly efficient natural light and ventilation by means of oi-directional uniformly distributed monitors having sash therein which may be automatically or manually-opened and closed as required by directional changes of the wind to maintain leeward sash openings thereby causing continual and eicient exhausting of foul air from a building so covered.

Other objects and advantages of our invention will become apparent by reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, in which:-

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the roof of a building indicating one embodiment cf our invention showing the general arrangement of monitors.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the roof of a building indicating another embodiment of our invention showing the general arrangement of monitors on a relatively narrow building.

Fig. 3 indicates various wind directions for the 1932, Serial No. 637,328

purpose of defining the operation of monitor and side wall sash in Fig. l and Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a sectional perspective taken on line 5 4 of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is a sectional perspective taken on line 5 5 5 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a section taken on lines 6 6 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 9 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Fig. '7 is a section taken on lines 1 1 of Fig. 1 10 and Fig. 9 looking in the direction indicated by he arrows.

Fig. 8 is a section taken on lines 8 8 of Fig. l, Fig. 2 and Fig. 9 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the roof of a building indicating still another embodiment of our invention showing the general arrangement of monitors on a relatively Wide building.

Fig. 10 indicates various wind directions for 20 the purpose oi defining the operation of monitor and side wall sash in Fig. 9.

In the construction shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4, Fig.

6, Fig. '7 and Fig. 8 a building is provided with a roof il which may be bounded on all sides with the usual parapet walls I2. Groups of continuous U-shaped monitors I3 are generally distributed over the entire area of the building. The roofs lil of the continuous U-shaped monitors I3 are vertically spaced above the general roof level I i at such a distance that permits the use of vertical sash I5 on all sides of the said continuous U-shaped monitors I3. Intermediate monitors or A-frames It are spaced between the transverse portions of the continuous U-shaped monitors I3. The roofs Il' of the monitors or A-frames Iii are vertically spaced above the general roof level Ii at a lesser height than the continuous U-shaped monitor roofs I Li. Sash I8 is provided inthe sides of the monitors or A-rames I8, the 40 said sash I8 being preferably of a fixed type. A main longitudinal monitor I9 is spaced between the ends of the groups of continuous U-shaped monitors i3. The root 2i) of the main longitudinal monitor I9 is vertically spaced above the gen- 45 eral roof level I l at such a distance that permits the use of vertical sash 2l on the side thereof. The said roof 2G of the main longitudinal monitor I9 is at a relatively higher level than the continuous U-shaped monitor roofs Ill. The vertical sash 5o l5 of the continuous U-shaped monitors I3 and the Vertical sash 2| of the main longitudinal monitor I9 contain pivotal units 22 which may be opened or closed as hereinafter specified. The building upon which the roof is constructed is enclosed by means of the usual walls 23 and the usual side wall sash r24vcontaining pivotal units which may be opened or closed as hereinafter specified.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are transverse sections showing one half of the building indicated in Fig. 1

and Fig. 4, the said building being symmetrical about the line 25 in Fig. 6 and the line 26 in Fig.

7. The main transverse cantilever trusses arev supported on interior columns 28. The center transverse trusses 29 are supported by the cantilever ends 39 of the cantilever trusses 2l. The side transverse trusses 3i are supported bythe cantilever ends 32 of the cantilever trusses 2'I and at the wall the said side transverse trusses 3! are supported on the wall columns 33.

High longitudinal trusses 34 support the roofs I4 of the continuous U-shaped monitors I3. Low longitudinal trusses 35 support the low' roof II and the intermediate monitors or A-frames I6. Low longitudinal trusses 36 support the low roof II and the main longitudinal monitor I9. LOW longitudinal trusses 3l support the' side band of low roof `I I between the outside wall of the continuous U'shaped monitor I3 and the parapet wall I2. Main transverse cantilever trusses El,

Vand high longitudinal trusses Sliserve as monitor Wall framing in additionto carrying their respective roof and monitor roof loads.

VThe entire system of continuous transverse trusses 2l, 2s', and 3i in addition to supporting their share of the roof and monitors serve as a 'system of transverse bracing. The entire system Vof klongitudinal trusses Sii, 35, 3S, and' 3l in addition to supporting their share of the roof and monitors serve as a system of longitudinal bracing. Though but one system of roof framing has been shown and described, arrangement and detail thereof may be altered to suit special conditions without departing from the spirit of this invention. Y

Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 indicate another embodi- Yment of our invention appliedrto a relatively narrow building inV which the roof H may be bounded on all sides'with the usual parapet wall I2. A continuous S-shaped monitor 38 is Vgen- `erally distributed over the entire area of the building. The roof I4 of the continuous S- shaped monitor 38 is vertically spaced above the general roof level l I at such a distance that permits the use of vertical sash i5 on all sides of the said "continuous SV-shaped monitor 38. Intermediate monitors or A-frames I6 are provided between the transverse portions of the continuous S-shaped mnitor'36. The roofs I'I of the intermediate monitors or A-frames I6 are vertically spaced above the general roof level i at a lesser height than the continuous S-shaped monitor Yroof I4.v Sash I 8 is provided in the sides of the monitors orV A-frames I6, the said sash I8 being preferably of a iixed type. The vertical Vsash I of the continuous S-shaped monitor 38 contains pivotal units 22 which may be opened or closed as hereinafter specied. The building upon which the roof is constructed is enclosed by means of the usual walls 23 and the usual sidewall sash 24 containing pivotal units 22 which may be opened or closed as hereinafter specied. The structural features of this embodiment of our invention are typical with the construction shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 as may be noted by referring to Fig. Zand Fig. 5. l

Fig.V 9 indicates still another embodiment of our invention applied to a relatively widebuilding-n which thereof I I maybe bounded on al1 sides with the usual parapet wall I2. Groups of continuous U-shaped monitors I3 are generally distributed along each side of the building. The roofs I4 of the continuous U-shaped monitors I3 are vertically spaced above the general roof level II at such a` distance that permits the use of vertical sash I5 on all sides of the said continuous U-shaped monitors i3. Intermediate monitors or A-frames i6 are spaced between the continu- Y ous U-shaped monitors I3. The roofs II of the monitors or A-frames I6 are vertically spaced above the general roofk level I at a lesser height than the continuous U-shaped monitor roofs I4. Sash I8 is provided in the sides of the monitors or A-frames I6, the said sash i8 being preferably of a xed type. A main longitudinal monitor I9 is located in spaced relation tov the'ends of each of the two groups of continuous U-shaped monitors I 3. The roofs 2li ci the main longitudinal monitors I9 are vertically spaced above the general roof level II at such a height that permits the use of vertical sash 2l on the sides thereof. The said roofs 29 of the main longitudinal monitors i9 are at a relative higher level than the continuous U-shaped monitor roofs I4. tral portion of the building a plurality of rtransverse rectangular monitors 39 are located 1n spaced relation to the transverse portions` of the continuous U-shaped monitors i3 and between the Vtwo main longitudinal monitors I9. The

rectangular monitors 39 are identical in detail with the transverse portion of the continuous U- shaped monitors I3. Intermediate monitors or A-frames 40 are spaced between the transverse Y monitors 39 and are identical Vin detailY with'the intermediate monitors or A-frames I6. 'The ver-V tical sash I5 of the continuous U-shaped monitors I3, vthe vertical sash I5` of the Vtransverse rectangular monitors 39 and the vertical sash 2I of longitudinal monitors I9 contain pivotal units 22 which maybe opened and closed, as hereinafter specified. The building upon which the Vroof is .constructed is enclosed by means of the usual walls 23 and the usual sidewall sash24 `con-- In the cen- E taining pivotal units 22 which may be opened or? 45 tors or a series of S-shaped or a series or I -shaped` monitors may be substituted or that the size and/or height of the monitors or portions of monitors may be varied to suit-special conditions with- Y out departing from the spirit of our invention.

Roof drainage is provided through interior catch basins 4I and exterior catch basins 42 down drain pipes '43 and thence to the usual sewer connection. The'roof structure is .so sloped that water on the roof will flow to the catch basins 42 and 3, the number and location of which are optional and vary according to specific require-V ments.

To describe the operation of the pivotal units 22 sash 2li it must be understood that to obtain eiicient naturalV ventilation openings must be pro-VV vided on the leeward side of monitors or lwalls in the upper part of the structure to exhaustV foul air and in the sidewalls on the Windward side in vthe lower partY of the Astructure to permit the en- I of monitor sash i5, monitor sash 2i and side Wall trance of fresh air; also openings in the lower portion of the side wall on the leeward side may act as fresh air inlets under certain weather conditions. At such times as there is litle or no wind action it is desirable to provide a maximum of -openings both in the monitors and in the lower portions of the side walls.

The operation of the said pivotal units 22 of monitor sash I5, monitor sash 2! and side wall sash 24, may be performed either by automatic or manual means or by any combination of automatic and manual means.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 9 various groups of pivotal units have been indicated by dotted lines.

Numerals

41, 48, 49, and E! designate groups of pivotal units 22 in monitor sash I5; numerals 5l and 52 designate groups of pivotal units 22 in monitor sash 2l and the

numerals

53, 54, 55, and v55 designate groups of pivotal units 22 in side wall sash 24.

Referring now to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 and assuming that the direction of the wind is as indicated by the arrow 44 of Fig. 3 then the groups of

pivotal units

41, 48, 50, and 5l are closed and groups oi

pivotal units

49, 52, 53, 55, are opened. Groups of

pivotal units

54 and 56 are preferably opened but may be partially or totally closed according to weather conditions.

Again referring to Fig. l and Fig. 3 and assuming that the direction of the wind is as indicated by the arrow 45 of Fig. 3 then the groups of pivotal 'units 41, 48, and 5l are closed and groups oi

pivvotal units

49, 59, 52, 53, 54, 55, and 55 are opened.

Still again referring to Fig. l and Fig. 3 and assuming that the direction of the wind is as indicated by the arrow 46 of Fig. 3 then the

pivotal units

41, 48, 49, 5l and 52 are closed and groups of

pivotal units

50, 54, and 55 are opened. Groups of

pivotal units

53 and 55 are preferably opened but may be partially or totally closed according to weather conditions.

Operation has been defined for

wind directions

44, 45, and 46 within one quadrant of the compass,

' operation when the wind direction is in the other quadrants of the compass is apparent by analogy.

When the velocity of the wind drops below a certain predetermined point, for example 5 miles per hour, which may be varied according to the season of the year and according to temperature, then all groups of pivotal units may be opened totally or partially and ventilation is obtained by means of the effect of the diierence in temperature of the air inside and outside the building, commonly termed stack action.

The operating of the groups of pivotal units 41 to 55 inclusive in the embodiment of our invention shown in Fig. 2 is identical to the operation described for the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. The operation of the groups of pivotal units 41 to 56 inclusive shown in Fig. 9 is identical to the operation described for the embodiment shown in Fig. l, the various wind directions being indicated in Fig. for convenience. Like reference numerals designate similar parts throughout the several views.

Although but a typical method of operation of the groups. of pivotal units has been described it is to be understood that special conditions may require a variation in the groupings of the pivotal units and their sequence of operation and that such special conditions may be provided for without departing from the spirit of this invention.

In practice it has been usual to locate manufacturing plants and other structures on their site with special reference to prevailing winds and direction of sunlight which often required expensive construction, undesirable arrangement of operations within the structures and complicated layout of railroad tracks and driveways to obtain full advantage of natural light and ven tilation. Buildings oriented to take advantage of prevailing winds for ventilation are inecient in ventilation when wind is from other directions than the prevailing one. If it were impossible to properly locate manufacturing plants or other structures with reference to prevailing winds and direction of sunlight due to the size of the plant, availability of railroad connections, operations within the structures, and the shape of the property, the project would require expensive construction to embody in the structures the necessary facilities to provide proper natural light and ventilation, or proper natural light and ventilation would be omitted resulting in either continuous expense in power ventilation and artificial lighting or undesirable working conditions.

Our invention is a distinct advancement in the art of roof structures in that we provide means for proper natural lighting and highly efficient Ventilating through controlled monitor and sidewall sash openings which may be applied to any structure without inconvenient arrangement or expensive special construction to suit the conditions of prevailing winds and the direction oi.' sunlight; and in addition to utilizing the iull value of the prevailing winds to provide natural ventilation our invention provides equally efficient natural ventilation with winds from any and varying directions. Also in our invention light is admitted from all directions which practically eliminates undesirable shadows. The above and all other advantages that may be obtained from the use of our invention is accomplished without great expense in that the supporting structure 0i.' the roof and generally distributed monitors serves a treble purpose; supporting the roof, bracing the building and in providing wall framing for a large proportion of the monitors.

Although but one specific embodiment and two modifications of this invention have been herein shown and described, it is to be understood that numerous details of construction may be altered or omitted without departing from the spirit of this invention as defined by the following claims.

We claim:-

1. A roof structure comprising a main roof, two continuous U-shaped monitors, intermediate monitors spaced between the transverse portions of the said continuous U-shaped monitors, and a main longitudinal monitor spaced between the two continuous U-shaped monitors.

2. A rooi` structure comprising a main roof, longitudinally disposed continuous U-shaped monitors, transversely disposed intermediate monitors spaced between the transverse portions of the said continuous U-shaped monitors and a main longitudinal monitor spaced between the continuous U-shaped monitors.

3. A roof structure comprising a main roof, longitudinally disposed continuous U-shaped monitors, transversely disposed intermediate monitors spaced between the transverse portions of the said continuous U-shaped monitors, a main longitudinal monitor spaced between the said continuous U-shaped monitors, the said monitors being vertically disposed at a plurality of distances above the said main roof.

4. A roof structure comprising a main roof, a continuous S-shaped monitor and intermediate -moriitors spaced between the transverse portions of the said continuous S-shaped'monitor.

5. A roof structure comprising a 'main roof,

'a longitudinally disposed continuous S-shaped monitor and intermediate monitors spaced between the transverse portions of the said continuous S-shaped monitors, tine said monitors being vertically disposed at a plurality of distances above the said main roof.

6. A roof structure comprising a main roof and a series of monitors uniformly distributed over the main roof, the said series of monitors comprising aV continuous U-shaped monitor along Y each side or" the said roof structure, a plurality of transverse rectangular monitors along the cen- "ter of the said roof structure located in spaced relation to the transverse portions of tne said con-` tinuous U-snaped monitors, intermediate transverse monitors spacedV between the transverse portions of the'said continuous U-shaped monitors, intermediate transverse monitors spaced between the transverse rectangular monitors and vlongitudinal monitors spaced between the trans- Verse ends of the continuous U-sl'iaped monitors and the ends of the transverse rectangular monitors.

'7. A roof structure comprising a main roof and Y a series of monitors uniformly distributed over the main roof, the said series of monitors comprising a continuous U-sliaped monitor along each-side of the said roof structure, plurality of transverse rectangular monitors along the center of the said roof structure located inspaced relation to the transverse portions of tbe said continuous U-shaped monitors, intermediate transverse monitors spaced between the transverse 4portions of the said. continuous U-shaped monitors, intermediate transverse monitors spaced between the transverse rectangular monitors and `longitudinal monitors spaced between the ends Yof the continuous U-shaped monitors and the ends of the transverse rectangular monitors, the said monitors being vertically Vdisposed at aplurality of distances above the main roof.

' 8. A roor structure comprising a main roof, a series of iii-directional monitors uniformly distributed thereon said monitors extending longitudinally in a plurality of directions, a series of cantilever transverse trussesv and longitudinal trusses sup-porting and bracingthe said main and Vmonitor roofs, the roofs of the said monitors spaced at a plurality of distances above the main roof, vmonito-r walls between the main and monitor roofs, sash in the said monitor walls and piv- 'otal ventilating units in the said sash capable of being operated manually or automatically raccording to the direction of passing air currents and various weather conditions. i

9. A roof structure comprising a substantially level main roof, longitudinally disposed continuous U-shaped monitors, transversely disposed .intermediate monitors spaced between the transverse portions of the said continuous U-shaped monitors, a main longitudinal monitor spaced bei tween the said continuous U -shaped monitors, the said monitors being vertically disposed at a plurality of distances above the said main roof.

1'0. A roof structure comprisinga substantially level main roof, a longitudinally disposed continuous S-snaped monitor and intermediate monitors spaced between the transverse Vportions, of the said continuous S-shaped monitors, tne said monitors being vertically disposed at a piurality distances above the said main roof.

11. A roof structure comprising a. substantially level main roof and a series of monitors uniformly distributed over the main roof the said series of monitors comprising a continuous U-shaped monitor along each side of the said roof structure, a plurality of transverse rectangular monitors along the center of the said roof structure located in spaced relation to the transverse portions of the said continuous U-shaped monitors,

intermediate transverse monitors spaced between the transverse portions of the said continuousY U-shaped monitors, intermediate transverse monitors spaced between the transverse rectangular monitors and longitudinal monitors spaced between the' transverse ends of the continuous U- Vsliaped monitors and the ends ofthe transverse OSCAPL H. POCOCK. LOUIS ROSSETTI.