US20240052657A1 - Modular Dwelling Unit Having Vertically Spaced Zones - Google Patents
Modular Dwelling Unit Having Vertically Spaced Zones Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20240052657A1 US20240052657A1 US18/450,383 US202318450383A US2024052657A1 US 20240052657 A1 US20240052657 A1 US 20240052657A1 US 202318450383 A US202318450383 A US 202318450383A US 2024052657 A1 US2024052657 A1 US 2024052657A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- dwelling
- zone
- modular
- unit
- modules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004795 extruded polystyrene foam Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241001251094 Formica Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004622 sleep time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036578 sleeping time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/005—Modulation co-ordination
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to dwelling units. More particularly, it relates to a compact, modular dwelling unit with spaces convertible between configurations for different uses. In addition, it relates to modular dwelling units that are adapted to be combined horizontally and vertically into multiple-unit buildings.
- the disclosure provides a modular dwelling with a dwelling unit.
- the dwelling unit includes a rectangular base, four exterior walls extending from the base to the roof, and at least one entrance through one of the exterior walls.
- the dwelling unit also includes a utility zone disposed above the base, a residential zone disposed above the utility zone, a storage zone above the dwelling zone, a mechanical zone above the storage zone, and lifting devices in the mechanical zone adapted to raise and lower furnishings between the storage zone and the dwelling zone.
- the dwelling includes two or more dwelling units that are placed side by side and/or stacked vertically.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a dwelling unit according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of three of the embodiments of FIG. 1 combined into a single building.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of 14 of the embodiments of FIG. 1 combined into a one-story building.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the 28 of the embodiments of FIG. 1 combined into a two-story building.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the 42 of the embodiments of FIG. 1 combined into a three-story building.
- FIG. 6 A is a perspective view of several of the three-story buildings of FIG. 6 combined into a larger building.
- FIG. 7 is an end plan view showing exemplary examples of four vertical zones in a dwelling according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a dwelling unit according to the present disclosure with the walls removed to show an exemplary interior design.
- FIG. 8 A is a perspective view of several exemplary modules combined into a multi-dwelling building according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a top plan view of an exemplary embodiment of the lifters in the mechanical zone of the embodiment of FIG. 8 .
- FIG. 10 A is a top plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a dwelling according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 B is a top plan view of another exemplary embodiment of a dwelling according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a top plan view of two of the embodiments of FIG. 13 A combined to form a single dwelling unit.
- FIG. 12 A is a top perspective view of the dwelling zone of a second exemplary embodiment of a dwelling having five modules according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 12 B is a top perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 12 A reconfigured for sleep.
- FIG. 12 C is a top perspective view of two of the embodiments of FIG. 12 A combined into a single dwelling.
- FIG. 12 D is a top perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 12 C reconfigured for sleep.
- FIG. 13 A is a top perspective view of the dwelling zone two of a third exemplary embodiments of a dwelling having four modules and combined into a single dwelling according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13 B is a top perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 13 A reconfigured for sleep.
- FIG. 14 A is a top perspective view of the dwelling zone of two of a fourth exemplary embodiments of a dwelling having three modules and combined into a single dwelling according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 B is a top perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 14 A reconfigured for sleep.
- FIG. 15 A is a top perspective view of the dwelling zone of two of a fifth exemplary embodiments of a dwelling having two modules and combined into a single dwelling according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 15 B is a top perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 15 A reconfigured for sleep.
- FIG. 16 A is cross-sectional partial perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a connection system for vertically and horizontally connecting segments of a modular building according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 16 B is another cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 16 A .
- FIG. 16 C is a top perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a top piece used with the embodiment of FIG. 16 A .
- FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a connection system for vertically connecting segments of a modular building according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 17 A is a side cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 18 is a side view of the locking pin used in the embodiment of FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the upper pin receiver of FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 19 A is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 19 .
- FIG. 19 B is a bottom view of the embodiment FIG. 19 .
- FIG. 19 C is a first side cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 19 .
- FIG. 19 D is a second side cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 19 .
- FIG. 19 E is a bottom cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 19 .
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a lower pin receiver in the embodiment of FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 20 A is a first side cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 20 .
- FIG. 20 B is a second side cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 20 .
- FIG. 20 C is a bottom cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 20 .
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a locking bolt in the embodiment of FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a system for horizontally joining together four modules or dwelling units according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 22 .
- FIG. 24 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a system for joining together two modules or dwelling units.
- FIG. 25 is an exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 24 .
- FIG. 26 is partial perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 24 for joining two units together vertically.
- FIG. 27 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a floor panel according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a wall panel according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 29 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a female receiver for an exemplary embodiment of a lifter connection according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 30 is a perspective view of exemplary embodiments of a male connector and actuating motor of the lifter connection of FIG. 29 .
- FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a kitchen and utility insert showing the kitchen side according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a third exemplary embodiment of a kitchen and utility insert showing the utility side according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional side plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a system for attaching a wire to a cabinet or other fixture to be lowered into the living space according to the present disclosure.
- panel is meant to refer to a cuboid of homogenous or non-homogenous material used as at least a partial divider of a space.
- track is meant to refer to a strip of material formed so as to allow movement along a given path in a consistent manner.
- track follower is meant to refer to a small piece of material that is attached to a panel and rides in the track.
- a track follower keeps the panel material in line with the track and forces the panel to follow the path set by the track as the track follower moves along the track.
- divider is meant to refer to the plurality of panels used to the divide the space.
- overhead position is meant to refer to any space above the space to be divided. Preferably, this space will be above the ceiling, but is not restricted to this.
- line is meant to refer to any device or material that is long, cylindrical, thin, flexible, and having a high tensile strength. Preferably, this will be a braided wire, but ropes, cords, string, twine, cable, strand, chains and combinations thereof may be used as well.
- sound dampeners is meant to refer to a passive material or an active device used to diminish the sound transfer through the divider.
- gasket is meant to refer to any material used to make a seal between two abutting surfaces. Gaskets may also be sound dampeners.
- locking mechanism is meant to refer to any mechanism designed to reversibly hold a plurality of objects together to prevent the dislocation of their current positions.
- winch As used herein, “winch,” “hoist,” “lift,” “winching device,” “hoisting device,” and “lifting device” are meant to refer to an apparatus that can be actuated to selectively raise and lower an object. These terms are generally interchangeable except for where specifically noted herein.
- spool is meant to refer to a generally cylindrical member that rotates to wind a line thereon.
- line is meant to refer to a cable, cord, wire, or other suitable interchangeable generally elongated, flexible, member that winds onto the spool.
- Fixture is meant to refer to home furnishings and utilities that are not adapted to be put into storage.
- typical fixtures include, but not limited to, sinks, oven/stove, refrigerator/freezer, bath/shower, toilet, and kitchen island. In some embodiments, these examples may be storable and not fixtures.
- furniture is meant to refer to home furnishings that are intended to be placed into the storage. This includes furnishings that are lowered down to floor level or near to floor level to make room for other furniture. Examples of typical furniture include, but are not limited to, tables, seats, couches, beds, dressers, closets, pantries, and exercise equipment. In some embodiments, these examples may be fixtures and not adapted for storage.
- heatings is meant to refer to both furniture and moveable appliances, such as television screens, exercise equipment, lighting and the like.
- the present disclosure relates to compact dwelling units for individuals and families.
- the disclosed dwelling units are designed with spaces that can be converted to different uses. For example, sleeping space may be converted into living room, office, exercise, dining, or entertainment space as needed by replacing the bed with other furniture.
- the dwelling units include storage space into which furniture may be readily transferred when not in use.
- the dwelling unit comprises four vertical zones.
- the primary zone is a dwelling zone in which the residents live.
- a utility zone located below the dwelling zone holds plumbing, electrical lines, heat and cooling ducts, etc.
- a storage zone above the dwelling zone provides the storage space to and from which furniture is transferred.
- a mechanical zone above the storage zone contains lifting devices used to transfer the furniture.
- a modular dwelling unit is manufactured in a controlled environment and shipped to the building location for installation.
- the unit is shipped in two parts (top two zones and bottom two zones) for safety and to facilitate shipping on roadways with limited vertical clearance (a preferred embodiment is about 14 feet in height).
- the dwelling units are assembled from one or more modular rooms or modules.
- Each module has the same dimensions allowing them to be combined to form dwelling units of different sizes.
- a dwelling unit may comprise two or more modules placed end to end.
- the standardized size of modules also allows for the assembly of buildings with multiple dwellings by attaching dwellings side-to-side or stacking them top-to-bottom.
- the dwelling units are designed so that two single units may be combined into a single-family dwelling (referenced herein as a double unit).
- the dwelling units are designed so that two or more units may be combined into a single building with multiple family dwellings (containing single and/or double units). They may be combined horizontally (i.e., a single floor building) and vertically (i.e., a multifloored building).
- a multi-unit building may also be built providing common access points, common hallways, and communal spaces.
- a single unit 100 is shown installed on the lot of a traditional single family zoned property with a house.
- the dwelling may be referred to as an Auxiliary Dwelling Unit or ADU.
- dwelling unit 100 is designed as a standalone unit with all the needed features for its occupants. In a setting such as shown, the dwelling unit would most likely be connected to the primary residence's utility services but those could be provided separately.
- a single unit 100 may be provided with ample open, covered, or partially covered outdoor space for porch furniture and the like.
- each of the dwelling units 100 has an entrance/exit onto a common external porch area. Additional outdoor space, such as shown in FIG. 2 may also be provided.
- the single dwelling unit 100 includes a floored exterior along at least the end with the entrance which may become an internal hallway in larger combinations of dwelling units, such as shown below in FIGS. 4 - 6 A .
- FIGS. 4 - 6 A multiple dwelling units 100 are combined to form a single-story, multi-unit building 200 .
- the building comprises a single story with fourteen dwelling units (rotated 90° from the orientation shown in FIGS. 1 - 3 ), which may be arranged as single or double units.
- Such a collection of dwelling units may be referred to as an apartment complex.
- Internal common hallways (shown with skylights 201 ) provide access to individual dwelling units.
- a single entrance 202 at the front of the building leads to a first hallway 203 down the length of the building that is crossed by a second hallway 204 that extends the width of the building.
- the second hallway which comprises the end porch area of a single dwelling unit, provides access to individual dwelling units in similar fashion to the common porch of FIG. 2 .
- the fourteen dwelling units are doubled to twenty-eight by placing a second story of fourteen more units directly above the units in FIG. 4 .
- the front of the building 300 has been expanded to provide common space on each floor for the building occupants.
- an elevator and/or stairs preferably with a lift for handicapped residents may be added (e.g., to the end of the first hallway space) to provide access to the upper floor(s).
- FIG. 6 a third story has been added to the building 300 to bring its size to forty-two dwelling units.
- FIG. 6 A dwelling units like that in FIG. 6 are adjoined into significantly larger buildings for a larger community.
- the modular dwelling unit is divided vertically 100 into four zones: utility 110 , residential 120 , storage 130 , and mechanical 140 , from bottom to top.
- the utility zone contains substantially all the electrical, plumbing, and HVAC ductwork connections for the dwelling unit.
- the residential zone is designed for human occupancy.
- the storage zone is adapted to store various furniture pieces (including storage compartments for clothing, food, etc.) when such is not needed in the dwelling zone.
- the mechanical zone contains the lifters and associated cables and other hardware used to raise and lower the various furniture pieces into and out of the storage zone.
- the mechanical zone includes electrical connections to power the lifters, ceiling lights, and to provide power to some furniture (e.g., video screens) when lowered for use.
- the vertical dimensions for the zones are utility about 16 inches, living about 95 inches, storage about 48 inches, and mechanical about 9 inches.
- FIG. 8 an assembled dwelling unit 100 is shown with the walls removed to show the interior.
- the storage space contains various closets and cabinets and a bed.
- Module 500 has a length twice its width, preferably 8.25 feet by 16.5 feet.
- the modules may for all or part of a dwelling unit or may be adapted for public use as hallways or gathering spaces (e.g., kitchen, dining room, entertainment rooms, etc.).
- the furnishings, dividers, and anything else that is intended to be raised or lowered is connected or connectable to a hoisting device comprising a motor, spool, and line.
- a hoisting device comprising a motor, spool, and line.
- multiple hoisting devices are used to raise and lower the same object.
- Useful hoisting devices are disclosed in 63/372,327 titled “Winch with Supporting Rod” filed 23 Aug. 2022; Ser. No. 18/060,532 titled “Winch with Multiple Spools on Single Driveshaft” filed 30 Nov. 2022; Ser. No. 18/060,534 titled “Winch with Helical Groove and Line Guide” filed 30 Nov. 2022; Ser. No.
- hoisting devices 141 are attached to the furniture (not shown) via lines 142 that may pass through one or more pulleys 143 .
- the hoists 141 and pulleys 143 may be placed at different heights to facilitate spacing for more hoists.
- a dwelling unit is constructed from a plurality of modular rooms or modules that are combined to form the dwelling.
- the unit is constructed with a single frame subdivided into rooms.
- the dwelling unit 1100 (or residential zone) contains three basic sections: living 1110 , flex 1120 , and bathroom 1130 .
- the dimensions of the three rooms are 7′ by 10′, 11′ by 10′, and 7′ by 10′.
- the residential zone preferably includes at least one module or room adaptable as two or more of a bedroom, living room, dining room, entertainment room, and office, among other possibilities.
- dividing walls may be lowered into place separating one modular room from another.
- the flex space includes the kitchen area and may include an oven/stove, dining space, pantry, cabinets, refrigerator/freezer, and a kitchen island and/or desk with built-in seating.
- the flex room may also be converted to a sleeping area.
- the flex room includes a large sliding wall (or section of the side wall), preferably glass, that may be used as an exit in a single module unit or as a connection between two adjacent modules combined into a single dwelling.
- the bathroom includes the bathroom, laundry appliances, and storage above (this may be closets, drawers, or shelves for towels or laundry detergent, etc.).
- the utility room also includes a doorway for entry and exit from the module or dwelling unit. As discussed above, when the modules are combined into a multi-unit building, these doors become the primary and often only entrance or exit for the module.
- furnishings that require plumbing connections are permanent fixtures meaning that they are not raised or lowered into the storage zone. However, they may be designed to be raised or lowered in place based on the needs of the occupants (e.g., for a person in a wheelchair).
- the dwelling unit may have more or fewer sections.
- FIGS. 12 A-D a unit with five sections is shown. From left to right, the modules are a porch, vista room, living room, kitchen, and bathroom/utility room. In these embodiments, all of the modular rooms are 8′ 3′′ square, which facilitates making them interchangeable to create different configurations.
- the dwelling unit is shown configured for daytime or non-sleep time use. Going from left to right, the units are configured as an outside covered porch or patio, a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, and a bathroom/utility room. In various exemplary embodiments a patio/entry space half the width of the room modules is provided on the right side of the unit. In a preferred embodiment, the room modules are 8′ 3′′ wide by 8′ 3′′ long.
- FIG. 12 B the dwelling unit of FIG. 12 A is reconfigured for night (i.e., for sleeping).
- the porch is now enclosed and configured with a bed for sleeping.
- the vista and living rooms are similarly configured.
- FIG. 12 C the dwelling unit 1100 of FIG. 12 A is connected to a mirror image of itself to create a double unit. The same five sections are duplicated on the other side.
- the dwelling unit 1100 of FIG. 12 C has dividers 1101 lowered to separate the two halves of the double unit.
- the units may be converted as shown in FIG. 12 B .
- FIGS. 13 A-B a double unit version of a four-room dwelling unit 1200 is shown.
- the four sections, from left to right, are a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, and a bathroom/utility room.
- the porch/patio is not included.
- this dwelling unit may be a single unit as well as the double unit shown.
- FIG. 13 B the daytime configuration of FIG. 13 A is converted to a night or sleep configuration.
- the resident has the option of dividing different sleep spaces or not as desired for couple, children, guests, etc.
- the dwelling unit 1300 is a double unit and comprises three sections or modules.
- the dwelling unit 1300 In the daytime configuration shown in FIG. 14 A , there is a dining, kitchen, and bathroom/utility room.
- the dining room may also be converted into a living room or similar space.
- the nighttime configuration shown in FIG. 14 B , converts the dining room into bedrooms. As with the other embodiments, this embodiment may be a single or double unit.
- FIGS. 15 A-B an even smaller embodiment is shown.
- this embodiment there are only two rooms: a kitchen/dining room and the bathroom/utility room.
- FIG. 15 B shows the same embodiment with the dining space converted into a sleeping space. As with other embodiments, this may be transformed into a double unit.
- none of the appliances or furnishings in the kitchen and toilet modules is raised into the storage zone.
- the space above the kitchen and toilet may be provided with one or more beds and used as a loft for sleeping.
- the unit includes an “open” space outside the entrance to the unit that is half the width of a module. For a single or small number of units together, this may provide a patio space. When the units are combined into a building with multiple units, this space becomes a hallway providing access to units.
- the units are preferably arranged so that the hallway is the width of a single module by connecting units such that two hallways are combined with entrances across the hallway.
- a utility box with circuit breakers, water main valve, etc. is located in or accessible from the hallway/entry space.
- room modules are constructed using a common frame design comprising stainless steel.
- modules are attached together horizontally using a system like that described in more detail below. The same type of system may be used to connect one unit to another.
- the modular room frames include the dwelling zone and the utility zone. In such embodiments, the storage and mechanical zones are assembled and shipped separately and are placed on top of the dwelling zone after it is shipped and installed on a foundation.
- the modular dwelling unit is constructed with a steel frame to which sidewalls, roofs, ceilings floors, foundations, etc. are attached.
- individual room modules comprising the utility and dwelling zones and another for the storage and mechanical zones are assembled individually and then are joined together horizontally for shipment to the building site. The assembled lower modules are installed on the site and the upper assembled modules are then installed on top of that.
- the dwelling units are installed on a concrete foundation or slab supporting a plurality of pilings. In other embodiments, the dwelling units are supported on pilings without a cement foundation. In preferred embodiments, the pilings are configured such that there is a piling at each corner of a modular room or module. In such an embodiment, the number of pilings depends on the number of modules/rooms in the unit. In a preferred embodiment, the dwelling may be provided with decking adapted to be placed on an end or side of the unit that is the same dimensions as the modular rooms and uses the same piling system. This facilitates the replacement of decks with adjoined units in the event a unit or complex of multiple units is to be expanded.
- connection to the piling attachment system is adapted for adjustment in any direction in the horizontal plane.
- Bolts connecting the pilings and building pass through slots rather than holes allowing the connecting pieces to slide relative to the bolt.
- each module is adapted to include a locking mechanism at each corner in the same pattern as the pilings.
- the system for connecting one floor to another above or below is similar to the system for placing the first floor on the pilings.
- the locking mechanism also is used to connect individual units to adjacent units on the same floor as well. Because the modules are preferably assembled off-site, it is important that the locking mechanism be designed for easy connection when lowering one module on top of another.
- FIGS. 16 A-C an embodiment of a system 400 for vertically and horizontally connecting building sections is shown.
- the system 400 may be used to connect the bottom of a unit to a foundation or piling, to connect one unit on top of another, or to connect one zone to another within a unit.
- the system also functions as a horizontal connection between modules in a unit or between adjacent units.
- an upper piece 401 and lower piece 402 are connected by a frustoconical sleeve 403 .
- the frustoconical shape is preferred to make it easier to align and attach components vertically.
- a bolt (not shown) is passed through the sleeve and connected to a nut (not shown) in the bottom piece.
- a horizontal connector 410 is attached to the bottom piece 402 of one module or unit and extends over to an adjacent module unit. It is locked in place with one or more bolts (not shown).
- FIG. 16 C an embodiment of a cap piece 420 is shown.
- This piece is not designed to connect with a unit above but only horizontally. It can be shaped to connect four units or modules, as shown in FIG. 16 C , or adapted to connect two units or modules.
- FIGS. 17 and 17 A another embodiment of a system for vertically connecting building sections is shown.
- the system may be used to connect the bottom of a unit to a foundation or piling, to connect one unit on top of another, or to connect one zone to another within a unit.
- the locking mechanism 430 comprises a bottom pin receiver 431 , a locking pin(s) 432 , a top pin receiver 433 , and a locking bolt 434 .
- the lower receiver 431 is attached to or built into the top of a module.
- the upper pin receiver 433 is attached to or built into the bottom of a module.
- the locking pin 432 is cylindrical which permits it to fit into the receivers regardless of rotational position.
- the locking pin 432 comprises a tapered tip 435 to facilitate connecting modules.
- the locking pin 432 further comprises an annular groove 436 .
- the top of the locking pin 432 is threaded for connection to the male pin receiver. In such embodiments, it is also adapted for easy installation with a pair of flattened surfaces for interaction with a wrench or similar tool for threading into the male pin receiver.
- a top pin receiver 433 is shown.
- a top pin receiver 433 is connected to each bottom corner of a module.
- the top pin receiver is secured to the module by one or more bolts or other connectors (not shown) via bolt holes 437 . In other embodiments, it may be welded to the module or may be an integral part of it.
- FIGS. 20 - 20 C an exemplary embodiment of a bottom pin receiver 431 is shown.
- the lower receiver is part of the module.
- the bottom pin receiver 431 comprises a circular receiving slot 438 with a tapered section adapted to receive the locking pin 432 .
- the lower receiver also includes one or more threaded locking bolt holes 439 adapted to receive the locking bolt. After the locking pin is inserted into the lower receiver, it is locked in place by inserting locking bolt 434 (see FIG. 21 ) into the receiver where it engages with the annular groove 436 of the locking pin 432 .
- FIG. 21 an exemplary embodiment of a locking bolt 434 is shown.
- the locking bolt is threaded near its head. Only this portion needs to be threaded to lock the bolt in place.
- FIGS. 22 - 23 an exemplary embodiment of another system 600 for connecting modules and dwelling units is shown.
- Adjacent modules are attached horizontally by plate 610 .
- Plate 610 is attached to the modules by bolts 611 .
- the plates are also secured by vertical pins 620 , which are also used to join modules vertically.
- plate 610 is adapted to connect two modules rather than 4.
- a second plate 630 is secured by screws, bolts, or other connectors to the sides of the module walls.
- Locking pin 620 is connected to the lower module via a hole, preferably with a threaded connection.
- Locking pin 620 has a frustoconical top to facilitate lowering the upper module onto it.
- the dwelling is designed such that single units can be combined into large, multi-family dwellings. Because the exterior walls of many such units will be on the interior of a larger building, they are inaccessible from outside the unit. Similarly, the utility, storage, and mechanical zones are inaccessible from outside the unit. Therefore, these spaces are installed and accessible for maintenance or repair from the interior of the dwelling. For this reason, the dwelling is designed with a plurality of removable wall and floor panels allowing access to the utility zone and to the inside of walls. In various exemplary embodiments, outside walls may be covered with a variety of facades such as are used in conventional buildings.
- floor panel 440 comprises two rigid panels 441 , preferably made from fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), sandwiched around a layer of insulation 442 .
- FRP fiber-reinforced polymer
- the floor panel 440 comprises Formica sheets and foam insulation 442 .
- the insulation comprises expanded polystyrene (XPS) foam.
- wall panel 450 comprises two rigid panels 451 , preferably made from fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) or stainless steel, sandwiched around a layer of insulation 452 .
- wall panel 450 comprises an interior panel made of Formica, an insulated layer comprising a vacuum panel such as used in refrigeration, and an outer wall panel made from stainless steel.
- the insulation comprises expanded polystyrene (XPS) foam.
- the layers are attached using two-sided tape such as that produced by 3M Corporation.
- the panel 450 comprises (from top to bottom as shown) G10 fiberglass, foam, G10 fiberglass, and VHB tape.
- the preferred rigid panels for floor or wall panels comprise, for example, a stiff layer of G10 fiberglass (0.030′′-0.090′′), Formica, FRP, or plastic, etc. glued to the Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Rigid Foam (example Owens Corning FOAMULAR 150 1 in. ⁇ 4 ft. ⁇ 8 ft. R-5) and on the opposing side another stiff layer of material like G10 fiberglass (0.030′′-0.090′′), Formica, FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), or plastic, etc. glued to the foam on that side.
- XPS Extruded Polystyrene
- Rigid Foam example Owens Corning FOAMULAR 150 1 in. ⁇ 4 ft. ⁇ 8 ft. R-5
- another stiff layer of material like G10 fiberglass (0.030′′-0.090′′), Formica, FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), or plastic, etc. glued to the foam on that side.
- the stiff layer of material can be glued onto the foam with various gluing methods (i.e., hot melt plastic glues, epoxies, contact cement, construction glues etc.). Once the stiff layers are glued onto the XPS foam the member becomes a composite member having significant more strength than the foam by itself or the stiff members by themselves.
- This composite material offers many advantages since it has insulating properties it can be used in flooring and, in some configurations, it is strong enough to be used as the sub-floor that can be walked on and furniture placed on. It can also be used in walls and ceilings as well as an insulative outer layer to protect the building.
- the insulation for the interior of floor and wall panels comprises foams such as discussed above or vacuum insulated panels (VIP). VIP panels allow for much better insulation than the foam materials that are available.
- composites appropriate for floor and/or wall panels include, but are not limited to, Formica or Formica like materials on both sides of an XPS foam; G10 or fiberglass like materials on both sides of an XPS foam; Graphite fiber sheets, Kevlar, or other fiber composite type sheets glued to both sides of the XPS foam; fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or similar type materials glued to both sides of the SPX foam; and plastic layers like polyethylene, acetal, nylon, PVC, polycarbonate, acrylic, polypropylene, PTFE, etc. again glued to the XPS foam. Fiber reinforced plastics, rubbers, or fiber reinforced rubbers can also be used.
- doorways between the units are needed.
- Exemplary apparatus and systems for this purpose are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 11,359,372 titled “Systems for Reversibly Dividing a Space” filed on 20 Jun. 2019 now and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/806,779, published as US 2022-0307260, and titled “System for Reversibly Dividing a Space” filed on 14 Jun. 2022, the disclosures of which are included herein in their entireties by reference.
- Cables provide an efficient and effective medium for raising and lowering features but having cables extending from the top of a component such as a couch or table up to the ceiling is unsightly, an obstacle, and poses potential danger.
- various exemplary embodiments include a system for raising and lowering components that does not require a permanent connection to the component. Rather the lifting mechanism may be detached from the component and raised back into the storage space above the ceiling.
- the receiver includes a central opening 461 into which a connector may be lowered. It further includes one or two channels 462 for receiving locking pins.
- the connector includes a rod 465 with two locking pins 466 extending from opposite sides.
- the rod 465 is adapted for insertion into the receiver opening 461 with the pins 466 entering the channels 462 .
- the rod may be rotated such that the locking pins engage with the channels such that when the rod is lifted, the locking pins engage with the top of the channel and lift the receiver and connected component with it.
- the rod is rotated to disengage the pins with the channel allowing the rod to be raised back into the storage zone.
- the rod is part of a component or other mechanism that is raised and lowered with cables as described above.
- the roof is designed to collect and drain water, whether from natural sources or a leak from a unit above.
- the modules have roof sections that function much like a tub to collect water, direct it to a drain, and dispose of the water. Water may be discharged outside the building, into sewage drains, or stored for later use (e.g., irrigation).
- FIGS. 26 - 27 show an exemplary embodiment of such a construct that includes an over/stove top, kitchen sink, and refrigerator/freezer on one side and a bathroom sink and space for stacked washer/dryer on the other side.
- the kitchen fixtures are height adjustable to accommodate occupants of varying heights and the handicapped.
- the module includes a sink, oven, stove, and a small counter space.
- the kitchen module may include an island/table with more storage and counter space.
- the construct also includes refrigerator/freezer space above the sink and oven.
- pantry space is provided by storage units kept in the storage zone above the kitchen when not being accessed by the occupants.
- the bathroom side of the assembly includes a sink and space for a stacking washer and dryer.
- the panel above the sink is preferably hinged to allow access to and/or viewing of wiring, plumbing, etc. in the interior of the assembly.
- a variety of furnishings are available for use only as needed.
- furnishings are stored above the dwelling zone in the storage zone.
- some fixtures are lowered down to the floor to make room for furniture to be lowered.
- a tabletop may drop down to floor level using a mechanism built into the utility zone below the floor.
- the actuators for lowering and raising fixtures to and from floor level are in their legs.
- the actuators are column lifters. The number of column lifters used for a particular fixture will vary based on the size and weight of the fixture.
- an exemplary embodiment of an attachment mechanism 470 is shown.
- a cabinet, closet, or other storage compartment is attached at or near the bottom to a wire 471 that is used to raise and lower the cabinet.
- the connection is accessible via the bottom of the cabinet to allow access to the connection after installation. This allows the cabinet to be disconnected from the wires and removed for cabinet and lifter repair or replacement.
- at least two wires 471 on two corners are attached to the cabinet.
- the wire 471 is attached to a pin 472 that is dropped down a channel along a corner of the cabinet.
- the pin 472 includes a threaded bolt section 473 at its bottom. The pin passes through a narrow point and a nut 474 is attached to the bolt securing it in place. The nut may also be used to adjust the position of the pin relative to the bottom of the cabinet to level the cabinet.
- the table and seating portion of the bench drop down to the floor to make room for a bed that is lowered into place.
- he backrest of the bench is fixed and becomes a headboard for the bed.
- the backrest is lowered with the bench and/or may fold down over the bench.
- the fixtures are supported by column lifters installed in the utility zone.
- a bed is adapted to be lowered into the space above the lowered bench and table.
- the bed is articulating between sleeping and sitting positions (i.e., like a hospital bed).
- the bed is sized and positioned to leave a pathway along one side of the room.
- the dwelling is intended to be wheelchair accessible, and the pathway is sufficient for a wheelchair to pass.
- storage units are lowered into various parts of the dwelling.
- closets may be provided in the bathroom or bedroom modules, pantries in the kitchen, shelves for sheets or towels in the bedroom or bathroom, and so forth.
- the storage unit may be adapted to serve as a closet, dresser, pantry, etc.
- the storage container comprises a door that opens and closes vertically and is counterbalanced with a weight to help maintain the door in an open position and make it easier to open and close.
- the wires used to raise and lower the storage unit also pass through the edges of the door and serve as guides for raising and lowering the door.
- furniture that is lowered from the storage zone are preferable lowered using a cable and winch system.
- the cables are located at the edge of the dwelling zone.
- the cables are affixed to just one side of the furniture piece, such as a bed frame, and guides (e.g., C-shaped channels) are provided along the walls and the furniture is raised and lowered in cantilever fashion.
- the dwelling unit contains a heat pump to provide heated or cooled air to HVAC ducts located in the utility zone.
- the heat pump is located at the end of the dwelling opposite the bathroom module with access to outside air (i.e., this end of the dwelling is typically an outside wall). Air is drawn from outside the dwelling, conditioned, and distributed to one or more vents in the dwelling floor.
- the HVAC system includes a humidifier and/or dehumidifier.
- the HVAC system is designed for continuous operation rather than the typical cycle of on/off used in most systems.
- the system comprises, among other things, a variable speed fan capable of operating at low speed to maintain a flow of heated or cooled air into the dwelling sufficient to maintain a desired temperature without overheating or overcooling.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
A modular dwelling is disclosed that includes a dwelling unit, a rectangular base, four exterior walls extending from the base to the roof, and at least one entrance through one of the exterior walls. The dwelling unit also includes a utility zone disposed above the base, a residential zone disposed above the utility zone, a storage zone above the dwelling zone, a mechanical zone above the storage zone, and lifting devices in the mechanical zone adapted to raise and lower furnishings between the storage zone and the dwelling zone. Preferably, the modular dwelling includes multiple dwelling units arranged side by side and/or stacked vertically.
Description
- This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/371,485 titled “Dwelling Unit Having Vertically Spaced Zones” filed on 15 Aug. 2022, which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The present disclosure relates to dwelling units. More particularly, it relates to a compact, modular dwelling unit with spaces convertible between configurations for different uses. In addition, it relates to modular dwelling units that are adapted to be combined horizontally and vertically into multiple-unit buildings.
- Open space available for development of new housing is increasingly difficult to find in American cities and in many other cities around the world. In many crowded cities, existing available living space can be very small due to the need to fit more people in the same space. For that reason, it would be of great benefit to design living spaces that provide more functionality in limited living space. For example, much of the space in a conventional home is taken up by bedrooms that are vacant about two thirds of the time. It would be beneficial to be able to adapt these spaces to be more usable during non-sleeping time. The present disclosure addresses designs for dwellings with smaller footprints that have the amenities of larger homes and methods of constructing the same.
- In a first aspect, the disclosure provides a modular dwelling with a dwelling unit. The dwelling unit includes a rectangular base, four exterior walls extending from the base to the roof, and at least one entrance through one of the exterior walls. The dwelling unit also includes a utility zone disposed above the base, a residential zone disposed above the utility zone, a storage zone above the dwelling zone, a mechanical zone above the storage zone, and lifting devices in the mechanical zone adapted to raise and lower furnishings between the storage zone and the dwelling zone.
- Preferably, the dwelling includes two or more dwelling units that are placed side by side and/or stacked vertically.
- Further aspects and embodiments are provided in the foregoing drawings, detailed description, and claims.
- The following drawings are provided to illustrate certain embodiments described herein. The drawings are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of claimed inventions and are not intended to show every potential feature or embodiment of the claimed inventions. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale; in some instances, certain elements of the drawing may be enlarged with respect to other elements of the drawing for purposes of illustration.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a dwelling unit according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of three of the embodiments ofFIG. 1 combined into a single building. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of 14 of the embodiments ofFIG. 1 combined into a one-story building. -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the 28 of the embodiments ofFIG. 1 combined into a two-story building. -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the 42 of the embodiments ofFIG. 1 combined into a three-story building. -
FIG. 6A is a perspective view of several of the three-story buildings ofFIG. 6 combined into a larger building. -
FIG. 7 is an end plan view showing exemplary examples of four vertical zones in a dwelling according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a dwelling unit according to the present disclosure with the walls removed to show an exemplary interior design. -
FIG. 8A is a perspective view of several exemplary modules combined into a multi-dwelling building according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of an exemplary embodiment of the lifters in the mechanical zone of the embodiment ofFIG. 8 . -
FIG. 10A is a top plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a dwelling according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 10B is a top plan view of another exemplary embodiment of a dwelling according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 11 is a top plan view of two of the embodiments ofFIG. 13A combined to form a single dwelling unit. -
FIG. 12A is a top perspective view of the dwelling zone of a second exemplary embodiment of a dwelling having five modules according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 12B is a top perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 12A reconfigured for sleep. -
FIG. 12C is a top perspective view of two of the embodiments ofFIG. 12A combined into a single dwelling. -
FIG. 12D is a top perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 12C reconfigured for sleep. -
FIG. 13A is a top perspective view of the dwelling zone two of a third exemplary embodiments of a dwelling having four modules and combined into a single dwelling according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 13B is a top perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 13A reconfigured for sleep. -
FIG. 14A is a top perspective view of the dwelling zone of two of a fourth exemplary embodiments of a dwelling having three modules and combined into a single dwelling according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 14B is a top perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 14A reconfigured for sleep. -
FIG. 15A is a top perspective view of the dwelling zone of two of a fifth exemplary embodiments of a dwelling having two modules and combined into a single dwelling according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 15B is a top perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 15A reconfigured for sleep. -
FIG. 16A is cross-sectional partial perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a connection system for vertically and horizontally connecting segments of a modular building according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 16B is another cross-sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 16A . -
FIG. 16C is a top perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a top piece used with the embodiment ofFIG. 16A . -
FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a connection system for vertically connecting segments of a modular building according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 17A is a side cross-sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 17 . -
FIG. 18 is a side view of the locking pin used in the embodiment ofFIG. 17 . -
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the upper pin receiver ofFIG. 17 . -
FIG. 19A is a top view of the embodiment ofFIG. 19 . -
FIG. 19B is a bottom view of the embodimentFIG. 19 . -
FIG. 19C is a first side cross-sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 19 . -
FIG. 19D is a second side cross-sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 19 . -
FIG. 19E is a bottom cross-sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 19 . -
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a lower pin receiver in the embodiment ofFIG. 17 . -
FIG. 20A is a first side cross-sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 20 . -
FIG. 20B is a second side cross-sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 20 . -
FIG. 20C is a bottom cross-sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 20 . -
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a locking bolt in the embodiment ofFIG. 17 . -
FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a system for horizontally joining together four modules or dwelling units according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 22 . -
FIG. 24 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a system for joining together two modules or dwelling units. -
FIG. 25 is an exploded perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 24 . -
FIG. 26 is partial perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 24 for joining two units together vertically. -
FIG. 27 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a floor panel according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a wall panel according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 29 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a female receiver for an exemplary embodiment of a lifter connection according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 30 is a perspective view of exemplary embodiments of a male connector and actuating motor of the lifter connection ofFIG. 29 . -
FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a kitchen and utility insert showing the kitchen side according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a third exemplary embodiment of a kitchen and utility insert showing the utility side according to the present disclosure. -
FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional side plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a system for attaching a wire to a cabinet or other fixture to be lowered into the living space according to the present disclosure. - The following description recites various aspects and embodiments of the inventions disclosed herein. No particular embodiment is intended to define the scope of the invention. Rather, the embodiments provide non-limiting examples of various compositions, and methods that are included within the scope of the claimed inventions. The description is to be read from the perspective of one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, information that is well known to the ordinarily skilled artisan is not necessarily included.
- The following terms and phrases have the meanings indicated below, unless otherwise provided herein. This disclosure may employ other terms and phrases not expressly defined herein. Such other terms and phrases shall have the meanings that they would possess within the context of this disclosure to those of ordinary skill in the art. In some instances, a term or phrase may be defined in the singular or plural. In such instances, it is understood that any term in the singular may include its plural counterpart and vice versa, unless expressly indicated to the contrary.
- As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference to “a substituent” encompasses a single substituent as well as two or more substituents, and the like.
- As used herein, “for example,” “for instance,” “such as,” or “including” are meant to introduce examples that further clarify more general subject matter. Unless otherwise expressly indicated, such examples are provided only as an aid for understanding embodiments illustrated in the present disclosure and are not meant to be limiting in any fashion. Nor do these phrases indicate any kind of preference for the disclosed embodiment.
- As used herein, “panel” is meant to refer to a cuboid of homogenous or non-homogenous material used as at least a partial divider of a space.
- As used herein, “track” is meant to refer to a strip of material formed so as to allow movement along a given path in a consistent manner.
- As used herein, “track follower” is meant to refer to a small piece of material that is attached to a panel and rides in the track. A track follower keeps the panel material in line with the track and forces the panel to follow the path set by the track as the track follower moves along the track.
- As used herein, “divider” is meant to refer to the plurality of panels used to the divide the space.
- As used herein, “overhead position” is meant to refer to any space above the space to be divided. Preferably, this space will be above the ceiling, but is not restricted to this.
- As used herein, “line” is meant to refer to any device or material that is long, cylindrical, thin, flexible, and having a high tensile strength. Preferably, this will be a braided wire, but ropes, cords, string, twine, cable, strand, chains and combinations thereof may be used as well.
- As used herein, “sound dampeners” is meant to refer to a passive material or an active device used to diminish the sound transfer through the divider.
- As used herein, “gasket” is meant to refer to any material used to make a seal between two abutting surfaces. Gaskets may also be sound dampeners.
- As used herein, “locking mechanism” is meant to refer to any mechanism designed to reversibly hold a plurality of objects together to prevent the dislocation of their current positions.
- As used herein, “winch,” “hoist,” “lift,” “winching device,” “hoisting device,” and “lifting device” are meant to refer to an apparatus that can be actuated to selectively raise and lower an object. These terms are generally interchangeable except for where specifically noted herein.
- As used herein, “spool” is meant to refer to a generally cylindrical member that rotates to wind a line thereon.
- As used herein, “line” is meant to refer to a cable, cord, wire, or other suitable interchangeable generally elongated, flexible, member that winds onto the spool.
- As used herein, “fixture” is meant to refer to home furnishings and utilities that are not adapted to be put into storage. Examples of typical fixtures include, but not limited to, sinks, oven/stove, refrigerator/freezer, bath/shower, toilet, and kitchen island. In some embodiments, these examples may be storable and not fixtures.
- As used herein, “furniture” is meant to refer to home furnishings that are intended to be placed into the storage. This includes furnishings that are lowered down to floor level or near to floor level to make room for other furniture. Examples of typical furniture include, but are not limited to, tables, seats, couches, beds, dressers, closets, pantries, and exercise equipment. In some embodiments, these examples may be fixtures and not adapted for storage.
- As used herein, “furnishings” is meant to refer to both furniture and moveable appliances, such as television screens, exercise equipment, lighting and the like.
- The present disclosure relates to compact dwelling units for individuals and families. In various exemplary embodiments, the disclosed dwelling units are designed with spaces that can be converted to different uses. For example, sleeping space may be converted into living room, office, exercise, dining, or entertainment space as needed by replacing the bed with other furniture. To accomplish this, the dwelling units include storage space into which furniture may be readily transferred when not in use.
- In various exemplary embodiments, the dwelling unit comprises four vertical zones. The primary zone is a dwelling zone in which the residents live. A utility zone located below the dwelling zone holds plumbing, electrical lines, heat and cooling ducts, etc. A storage zone above the dwelling zone provides the storage space to and from which furniture is transferred. Finally, a mechanical zone above the storage zone contains lifting devices used to transfer the furniture.
- In various exemplary embodiments, a modular dwelling unit is manufactured in a controlled environment and shipped to the building location for installation. In one embodiment, the unit is shipped in two parts (top two zones and bottom two zones) for safety and to facilitate shipping on roadways with limited vertical clearance (a preferred embodiment is about 14 feet in height).
- In various exemplary embodiments, the dwelling units are assembled from one or more modular rooms or modules. Each module has the same dimensions allowing them to be combined to form dwelling units of different sizes. For example, a dwelling unit may comprise two or more modules placed end to end. The standardized size of modules also allows for the assembly of buildings with multiple dwellings by attaching dwellings side-to-side or stacking them top-to-bottom.
- In various exemplary embodiments, the dwelling units are designed so that two single units may be combined into a single-family dwelling (referenced herein as a double unit). In various exemplary embodiments, the dwelling units are designed so that two or more units may be combined into a single building with multiple family dwellings (containing single and/or double units). They may be combined horizontally (i.e., a single floor building) and vertically (i.e., a multifloored building). In a preferred embodiment, a multi-unit building may also be built providing common access points, common hallways, and communal spaces.
- Referring to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , asingle unit 100 according to the present disclosure is shown installed on the lot of a traditional single family zoned property with a house. In such embodiments, the dwelling may be referred to as an Auxiliary Dwelling Unit or ADU. In various exemplary embodiments, dwellingunit 100 is designed as a standalone unit with all the needed features for its occupants. In a setting such as shown, the dwelling unit would most likely be connected to the primary residence's utility services but those could be provided separately. As shown inFIG. 2 , asingle unit 100 may be provided with ample open, covered, or partially covered outdoor space for porch furniture and the like. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , three of the dwelling units ofFIGS. 1 and 2 are combined to form a singlemulti-family dwelling building 200. In this configuration, each of the dwellingunits 100 has an entrance/exit onto a common external porch area. Additional outdoor space, such as shown inFIG. 2 may also be provided. Thesingle dwelling unit 100 includes a floored exterior along at least the end with the entrance which may become an internal hallway in larger combinations of dwelling units, such as shown below inFIGS. 4-6A . - Now referring to
FIGS. 4-6A , multiple dwellingunits 100 are combined to form a single-story,multi-unit building 200. In the embodiment ofFIG. 4 , the building comprises a single story with fourteen dwelling units (rotated 90° from the orientation shown inFIGS. 1-3 ), which may be arranged as single or double units. Such a collection of dwelling units may be referred to as an apartment complex. Internal common hallways (shown with skylights 201) provide access to individual dwelling units. In the illustrated embodiment, asingle entrance 202 at the front of the building leads to afirst hallway 203 down the length of the building that is crossed by asecond hallway 204 that extends the width of the building. In this configuration, the second hallway, which comprises the end porch area of a single dwelling unit, provides access to individual dwelling units in similar fashion to the common porch ofFIG. 2 . - Referring more specifically to
FIG. 5 , the fourteen dwelling units are doubled to twenty-eight by placing a second story of fourteen more units directly above the units inFIG. 4 . In addition, the front of thebuilding 300 has been expanded to provide common space on each floor for the building occupants. In various exemplary embodiments, an elevator and/or stairs (preferably with a lift for handicapped residents) may be added (e.g., to the end of the first hallway space) to provide access to the upper floor(s). - Now referring to
FIG. 6 , a third story has been added to thebuilding 300 to bring its size to forty-two dwelling units. Now referring toFIG. 6A , dwelling units like that inFIG. 6 are adjoined into significantly larger buildings for a larger community. - Vertical Zones
- In various exemplary embodiments, the modular dwelling unit is divided vertically 100 into four zones:
utility 110, residential 120,storage 130, and mechanical 140, from bottom to top. The utility zone contains substantially all the electrical, plumbing, and HVAC ductwork connections for the dwelling unit. The residential zone is designed for human occupancy. The storage zone is adapted to store various furniture pieces (including storage compartments for clothing, food, etc.) when such is not needed in the dwelling zone. The mechanical zone contains the lifters and associated cables and other hardware used to raise and lower the various furniture pieces into and out of the storage zone. In some embodiments, the mechanical zone includes electrical connections to power the lifters, ceiling lights, and to provide power to some furniture (e.g., video screens) when lowered for use. - Now referring to
FIG. 7 , an exemplary embodiment of thedwelling unit 100 is illustrated. In a preferred embodiment, the vertical dimensions for the zones are utility about 16 inches, living about 95 inches, storage about 48 inches, and mechanical about 9 inches. - Now referring to
FIG. 8 , an assembleddwelling unit 100 is shown with the walls removed to show the interior. The storage space contains various closets and cabinets and a bed. - Now referring to
FIG. 8A , a building assembled frommultiple modules 500.Module 500 has a length twice its width, preferably 8.25 feet by 16.5 feet. In such building, the modules may for all or part of a dwelling unit or may be adapted for public use as hallways or gathering spaces (e.g., kitchen, dining room, entertainment rooms, etc.). - Lifters
- In preferred embodiments, the furnishings, dividers, and anything else that is intended to be raised or lowered is connected or connectable to a hoisting device comprising a motor, spool, and line. In some embodiments, multiple hoisting devices are used to raise and lower the same object. Useful hoisting devices are disclosed in 63/372,327 titled “Winch with Supporting Rod” filed 23 Aug. 2022; Ser. No. 18/060,532 titled “Winch with Multiple Spools on Single Driveshaft” filed 30 Nov. 2022; Ser. No. 18/060,534 titled “Winch with Helical Groove and Line Guide” filed 30 Nov. 2022; Ser. No. 18/060,536 titled “Winch with Spool and Remote Tensioning Wheel” filed 20 Nov. 2022; Ser. No. 18/060,539 titled “Hoisting Device with Multiple Line Types on Driveshaft” filed 30 Nov. 2022; and Ser. No. 18/060,553 titled “Winch with Line Guide Driven by Wound Line” filed 30 Nov. 2022; each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
- Now referring to
FIG. 9 , an exemplary embodiment of amechanical zone 140 is shown. In a preferred embodiment, hoistingdevices 141 are attached to the furniture (not shown) vialines 142 that may pass through one ormore pulleys 143. Thehoists 141 andpulleys 143 may be placed at different heights to facilitate spacing for more hoists. - Rooms
- In various exemplary embodiments, a dwelling unit is constructed from a plurality of modular rooms or modules that are combined to form the dwelling. In other embodiments, the unit is constructed with a single frame subdivided into rooms.
- Now referring to
FIGS. 10A-B , exemplary embodiments of the dwelling unit are shown. In various exemplary embodiments, the dwelling unit 1100 (or residential zone) contains three basic sections: living 1110,flex 1120, andbathroom 1130. In an exemplary embodiment, the dimensions of the three rooms are 7′ by 10′, 11′ by 10′, and 7′ by 10′. - The residential zone preferably includes at least one module or room adaptable as two or more of a bedroom, living room, dining room, entertainment room, and office, among other possibilities. In various exemplary embodiments, dividing walls may be lowered into place separating one modular room from another.
- Now referring to
FIG. 11 , the flex space includes the kitchen area and may include an oven/stove, dining space, pantry, cabinets, refrigerator/freezer, and a kitchen island and/or desk with built-in seating. In some embodiments, the flex room may also be converted to a sleeping area. In a preferred embodiment, the flex room includes a large sliding wall (or section of the side wall), preferably glass, that may be used as an exit in a single module unit or as a connection between two adjacent modules combined into a single dwelling. - The bathroom includes the bathroom, laundry appliances, and storage above (this may be closets, drawers, or shelves for towels or laundry detergent, etc.). In a preferred embodiment, the utility room also includes a doorway for entry and exit from the module or dwelling unit. As discussed above, when the modules are combined into a multi-unit building, these doors become the primary and often only entrance or exit for the module.
- In various preferred embodiments, furnishings that require plumbing connections (e.g., sinks, toilet, shower, washers) are permanent fixtures meaning that they are not raised or lowered into the storage zone. However, they may be designed to be raised or lowered in place based on the needs of the occupants (e.g., for a person in a wheelchair).
- In various other embodiments, the dwelling unit may have more or fewer sections. Referring to
FIGS. 12A-D , a unit with five sections is shown. From left to right, the modules are a porch, vista room, living room, kitchen, and bathroom/utility room. In these embodiments, all of the modular rooms are 8′ 3″ square, which facilitates making them interchangeable to create different configurations. - Referring to
FIG. 12A , the dwelling unit is shown configured for daytime or non-sleep time use. Going from left to right, the units are configured as an outside covered porch or patio, a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, and a bathroom/utility room. In various exemplary embodiments a patio/entry space half the width of the room modules is provided on the right side of the unit. In a preferred embodiment, the room modules are 8′ 3″ wide by 8′ 3″ long. - Referring to
FIG. 12B , the dwelling unit ofFIG. 12A is reconfigured for night (i.e., for sleeping). The porch is now enclosed and configured with a bed for sleeping. The vista and living rooms are similarly configured. - Referring now to
FIG. 12C , thedwelling unit 1100 ofFIG. 12A is connected to a mirror image of itself to create a double unit. The same five sections are duplicated on the other side. - Referring now to
FIG. 12D , thedwelling unit 1100 ofFIG. 12C hasdividers 1101 lowered to separate the two halves of the double unit. For sleeping, the units may be converted as shown inFIG. 12B . - Referring now to
FIGS. 13A-B , a double unit version of a four-room dwelling unit 1200 is shown. The four sections, from left to right, are a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, and a bathroom/utility room. In this embodiment, the porch/patio is not included. Just as with the embodiment ofFIG. 13A , this dwelling unit may be a single unit as well as the double unit shown. - Referring now to
FIG. 13B , the daytime configuration ofFIG. 13A is converted to a night or sleep configuration. The resident has the option of dividing different sleep spaces or not as desired for couple, children, guests, etc. - Now referring to
FIGS. 14A-B , another embodiment is shown. In this embodiment, thedwelling unit 1300 is a double unit and comprises three sections or modules. In the daytime configuration shown inFIG. 14A , there is a dining, kitchen, and bathroom/utility room. In various exemplary embodiments, the dining room may also be converted into a living room or similar space. - The nighttime configuration, shown in
FIG. 14B , converts the dining room into bedrooms. As with the other embodiments, this embodiment may be a single or double unit. - Now referring to
FIGS. 15A-B , an even smaller embodiment is shown. In this embodiment, there are only two rooms: a kitchen/dining room and the bathroom/utility room. -
FIG. 15B shows the same embodiment with the dining space converted into a sleeping space. As with other embodiments, this may be transformed into a double unit. - In alternative embodiments, none of the appliances or furnishings in the kitchen and toilet modules is raised into the storage zone. In these embodiments, the space above the kitchen and toilet may be provided with one or more beds and used as a loft for sleeping.
- In various exemplary embodiments, different combinations of the five sections shown in
FIGS. 12A-D may be combined into other combinations, which may include any number of sections including duplicate sections in the same unit. In preferred embodiments, the kitchen with dining and sleeping capability and the bathroom with utility are considered the minimum necessary for a dwelling. In various exemplary embodiments, the unit includes an “open” space outside the entrance to the unit that is half the width of a module. For a single or small number of units together, this may provide a patio space. When the units are combined into a building with multiple units, this space becomes a hallway providing access to units. The units are preferably arranged so that the hallway is the width of a single module by connecting units such that two hallways are combined with entrances across the hallway. In various exemplary embodiments, a utility box with circuit breakers, water main valve, etc. is located in or accessible from the hallway/entry space. - In various exemplary embodiments, room modules are constructed using a common frame design comprising stainless steel. In various exemplary embodiments, modules are attached together horizontally using a system like that described in more detail below. The same type of system may be used to connect one unit to another. In various exemplary embodiments the modular room frames include the dwelling zone and the utility zone. In such embodiments, the storage and mechanical zones are assembled and shipped separately and are placed on top of the dwelling zone after it is shipped and installed on a foundation.
- Construction Methods
- In various exemplary embodiments, the modular dwelling unit is constructed with a steel frame to which sidewalls, roofs, ceilings floors, foundations, etc. are attached. In various exemplary embodiments, individual room modules comprising the utility and dwelling zones and another for the storage and mechanical zones are assembled individually and then are joined together horizontally for shipment to the building site. The assembled lower modules are installed on the site and the upper assembled modules are then installed on top of that.
- Pilings and Building Connections
- In various exemplary embodiments, the dwelling units are installed on a concrete foundation or slab supporting a plurality of pilings. In other embodiments, the dwelling units are supported on pilings without a cement foundation. In preferred embodiments, the pilings are configured such that there is a piling at each corner of a modular room or module. In such an embodiment, the number of pilings depends on the number of modules/rooms in the unit. In a preferred embodiment, the dwelling may be provided with decking adapted to be placed on an end or side of the unit that is the same dimensions as the modular rooms and uses the same piling system. This facilitates the replacement of decks with adjoined units in the event a unit or complex of multiple units is to be expanded.
- Accurate placement of pilings is notoriously difficult. In order to address this problem, the connection to the piling attachment system is adapted for adjustment in any direction in the horizontal plane. Bolts connecting the pilings and building pass through slots rather than holes allowing the connecting pieces to slide relative to the bolt. By putting perpendicular slots in top and bottom components, full direction of movement is provided.
- In various exemplary embodiments, multiple floors are assembled by locking the bottom of one unit to the top of another unit. In a preferred embodiment, each module is adapted to include a locking mechanism at each corner in the same pattern as the pilings. In various exemplary embodiments, the system for connecting one floor to another above or below is similar to the system for placing the first floor on the pilings. In various exemplary embodiments, the locking mechanism also is used to connect individual units to adjacent units on the same floor as well. Because the modules are preferably assembled off-site, it is important that the locking mechanism be designed for easy connection when lowering one module on top of another.
- Now referring to
FIGS. 16A-C , an embodiment of a system 400 for vertically and horizontally connecting building sections is shown. The system 400 may be used to connect the bottom of a unit to a foundation or piling, to connect one unit on top of another, or to connect one zone to another within a unit. The system also functions as a horizontal connection between modules in a unit or between adjacent units. - Still referring to
FIG. 16A , anupper piece 401 andlower piece 402 are connected by afrustoconical sleeve 403. The frustoconical shape is preferred to make it easier to align and attach components vertically. A bolt (not shown) is passed through the sleeve and connected to a nut (not shown) in the bottom piece. - Referring to
FIGS. 16A-B , ahorizontal connector 410 is attached to thebottom piece 402 of one module or unit and extends over to an adjacent module unit. It is locked in place with one or more bolts (not shown). - Now referring to
FIG. 16C , an embodiment of acap piece 420 is shown. For the top of the unit, or top of units on the top floor, a different top piece is utilized. This piece is not designed to connect with a unit above but only horizontally. It can be shaped to connect four units or modules, as shown inFIG. 16C , or adapted to connect two units or modules. - Now referring to
FIGS. 17 and 17A , another embodiment of a system for vertically connecting building sections is shown. As with the prior embodiment, the system may be used to connect the bottom of a unit to a foundation or piling, to connect one unit on top of another, or to connect one zone to another within a unit. - Still referring to
FIGS. 17 and 17A , an exemplary embodiment of a pinningmechanism 430 is shown. Thelocking mechanism 430 comprises abottom pin receiver 431, a locking pin(s) 432, atop pin receiver 433, and alocking bolt 434. In various exemplary embodiments, thelower receiver 431 is attached to or built into the top of a module. Similarly, theupper pin receiver 433 is attached to or built into the bottom of a module. - Now referring to
FIG. 18 , an exemplary embodiment of alocking pin 432 is shown. In a preferred embodiment, the lockingpin 432 is cylindrical which permits it to fit into the receivers regardless of rotational position. Thelocking pin 432 comprises a taperedtip 435 to facilitate connecting modules. Thelocking pin 432 further comprises anannular groove 436. In a preferred embodiment, the top of thelocking pin 432 is threaded for connection to the male pin receiver. In such embodiments, it is also adapted for easy installation with a pair of flattened surfaces for interaction with a wrench or similar tool for threading into the male pin receiver. - Now referring to
FIGS. 19-19E , an exemplary embodiment of atop pin receiver 433 is shown. In various exemplary embodiments, atop pin receiver 433 is connected to each bottom corner of a module. In a preferred embodiment, the top pin receiver is secured to the module by one or more bolts or other connectors (not shown) via bolt holes 437. In other embodiments, it may be welded to the module or may be an integral part of it. - Now referring to
FIGS. 20-20C , an exemplary embodiment of abottom pin receiver 431 is shown. In various exemplary embodiments, the lower receiver is part of the module. Thebottom pin receiver 431 comprises acircular receiving slot 438 with a tapered section adapted to receive thelocking pin 432. The lower receiver also includes one or more threadedlocking bolt holes 439 adapted to receive the locking bolt. After the locking pin is inserted into the lower receiver, it is locked in place by inserting locking bolt 434 (seeFIG. 21 ) into the receiver where it engages with theannular groove 436 of thelocking pin 432. - Now referring to
FIG. 21 , an exemplary embodiment of alocking bolt 434 is shown. In various exemplary embodiments, the locking bolt is threaded near its head. Only this portion needs to be threaded to lock the bolt in place. - Now referring to
FIGS. 22-23 , an exemplary embodiment of another system 600 for connecting modules and dwelling units is shown. Adjacent modules are attached horizontally byplate 610.Plate 610 is attached to the modules bybolts 611. The plates are also secured byvertical pins 620, which are also used to join modules vertically. - Now referring to
FIGS. 24-25 , another exemplary embodiment of the connecting system is shown. In this embodiment,plate 610 is adapted to connect two modules rather than 4. Asecond plate 630 is secured by screws, bolts, or other connectors to the sides of the module walls. - Now referring to
FIG. 26 , an exemplary embodiment of a system for vertically connecting modules is shown. Lockingpin 620 is connected to the lower module via a hole, preferably with a threaded connection. Lockingpin 620 has a frustoconical top to facilitate lowering the upper module onto it. - Floors and Walls
- In various exemplary embodiments, the dwelling is designed such that single units can be combined into large, multi-family dwellings. Because the exterior walls of many such units will be on the interior of a larger building, they are inaccessible from outside the unit. Similarly, the utility, storage, and mechanical zones are inaccessible from outside the unit. Therefore, these spaces are installed and accessible for maintenance or repair from the interior of the dwelling. For this reason, the dwelling is designed with a plurality of removable wall and floor panels allowing access to the utility zone and to the inside of walls. In various exemplary embodiments, outside walls may be covered with a variety of facades such as are used in conventional buildings.
- Now referring to
FIG. 22 , an exemplary embodiment of a floor panel 440 is shown. In preferred embodiments, floor panel 440 comprises tworigid panels 441, preferably made from fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), sandwiched around a layer ofinsulation 442. In one embodiment, the floor panel 440 comprises Formica sheets andfoam insulation 442. In some embodiments, the insulation comprises expanded polystyrene (XPS) foam. - Now referring to
FIGS. 23-23A , an exemplary embodiment of a wall panel 450 is shown. In preferred embodiments, wall panel 450 comprises tworigid panels 451, preferably made from fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) or stainless steel, sandwiched around a layer ofinsulation 452. In one embodiment, wall panel 450 comprises an interior panel made of Formica, an insulated layer comprising a vacuum panel such as used in refrigeration, and an outer wall panel made from stainless steel. In other embodiments, the insulation comprises expanded polystyrene (XPS) foam. In some embodiments, the layers are attached using two-sided tape such as that produced by 3M Corporation. In a preferred embodiment (depicted inFIG. 23A ), the panel 450 comprises (from top to bottom as shown) G10 fiberglass, foam, G10 fiberglass, and VHB tape. - In various exemplary embodiments, the preferred rigid panels for floor or wall panels comprise, for example, a stiff layer of G10 fiberglass (0.030″-0.090″), Formica, FRP, or plastic, etc. glued to the Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Rigid Foam (example Owens Corning FOAMULAR 150 1 in.×4 ft.×8 ft. R-5) and on the opposing side another stiff layer of material like G10 fiberglass (0.030″-0.090″), Formica, FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), or plastic, etc. glued to the foam on that side. The stiff layer of material can be glued onto the foam with various gluing methods (i.e., hot melt plastic glues, epoxies, contact cement, construction glues etc.). Once the stiff layers are glued onto the XPS foam the member becomes a composite member having significant more strength than the foam by itself or the stiff members by themselves. This composite material offers many advantages since it has insulating properties it can be used in flooring and, in some configurations, it is strong enough to be used as the sub-floor that can be walked on and furniture placed on. It can also be used in walls and ceilings as well as an insulative outer layer to protect the building.
- Other material can be used instead of foam materials for the interior of the composite panels. In various exemplary embodiments, the insulation for the interior of floor and wall panels comprises foams such as discussed above or vacuum insulated panels (VIP). VIP panels allow for much better insulation than the foam materials that are available.
- Examples of composites appropriate for floor and/or wall panels include, but are not limited to, Formica or Formica like materials on both sides of an XPS foam; G10 or fiberglass like materials on both sides of an XPS foam; Graphite fiber sheets, Kevlar, or other fiber composite type sheets glued to both sides of the XPS foam; fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or similar type materials glued to both sides of the SPX foam; and plastic layers like polyethylene, acetal, nylon, PVC, polycarbonate, acrylic, polypropylene, PTFE, etc. again glued to the XPS foam. Fiber reinforced plastics, rubbers, or fiber reinforced rubbers can also be used.
- Raisable Doors, Walls, and Windows
- In various exemplary embodiments, it may be desirable to separate part of a dwelling from another, for purposes such as providing privacy or noise reduction. In embodiments where two units are combined to form a larger unit, doorways between the units are needed. It may also be desirable to remove or add walls between the units, such as to create open space or provide private space (e.g., for sleeping, etc.) as needed. Exemplary apparatus and systems for this purpose are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 11,359,372 titled “Systems for Reversibly Dividing a Space” filed on 20 Jun. 2019 now and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/806,779, published as US 2022-0307260, and titled “System for Reversibly Dividing a Space” filed on 14 Jun. 2022, the disclosures of which are included herein in their entireties by reference.
- Locking Mechanism
- Cables provide an efficient and effective medium for raising and lowering features but having cables extending from the top of a component such as a couch or table up to the ceiling is unsightly, an obstacle, and poses potential danger. For those reasons, various exemplary embodiments include a system for raising and lowering components that does not require a permanent connection to the component. Rather the lifting mechanism may be detached from the component and raised back into the storage space above the ceiling.
- Referring now to
FIG. 24 , an exemplary embodiment of afemale receiver 460 adapted for use in a component is shown. The receiver includes acentral opening 461 into which a connector may be lowered. It further includes one or twochannels 462 for receiving locking pins. - Now referring to
FIG. 25 , an exemplary embodiment of aconnector 463 andmotor 464 are shown. In one preferred embodiment, the connector includes arod 465 with two lockingpins 466 extending from opposite sides. Therod 465 is adapted for insertion into thereceiver opening 461 with thepins 466 entering thechannels 462. When the rod is inserted, the rod may be rotated such that the locking pins engage with the channels such that when the rod is lifted, the locking pins engage with the top of the channel and lift the receiver and connected component with it. When the component is lowered to the floor, the rod is rotated to disengage the pins with the channel allowing the rod to be raised back into the storage zone. In various exemplary embodiments, the rod is part of a component or other mechanism that is raised and lowered with cables as described above. - Roof
- In various exemplary embodiments, the roof is designed to collect and drain water, whether from natural sources or a leak from a unit above. The modules have roof sections that function much like a tub to collect water, direct it to a drain, and dispose of the water. Water may be discharged outside the building, into sewage drains, or stored for later use (e.g., irrigation).
- Fixtures and Furniture
- In various exemplary embodiments, some kitchen and bathroom/utility room features are built separately and placed in the building frame after assembly.
FIGS. 26-27 show an exemplary embodiment of such a construct that includes an over/stove top, kitchen sink, and refrigerator/freezer on one side and a bathroom sink and space for stacked washer/dryer on the other side. In some embodiments, the kitchen fixtures are height adjustable to accommodate occupants of varying heights and the handicapped. - Now referring to
FIG. 26 , an embodiment of a construct with kitchen fixtures. The module includes a sink, oven, stove, and a small counter space. The kitchen module may include an island/table with more storage and counter space. The construct also includes refrigerator/freezer space above the sink and oven. In various exemplary embodiments, pantry space is provided by storage units kept in the storage zone above the kitchen when not being accessed by the occupants. - Now referring to
FIG. 27 , the opposite side of the assembly is shown. The bathroom side of the assembly includes a sink and space for a stacking washer and dryer. The panel above the sink is preferably hinged to allow access to and/or viewing of wiring, plumbing, etc. in the interior of the assembly. - In various exemplary embodiments, a variety of furnishings (e.g., beds, chairs, tables, counter, couches, exercise equipment, etc.) are available for use only as needed. In various exemplary embodiments, furnishings are stored above the dwelling zone in the storage zone. In various exemplary embodiments, some fixtures are lowered down to the floor to make room for furniture to be lowered. For example, a tabletop may drop down to floor level using a mechanism built into the utility zone below the floor. In preferred embodiments, the actuators for lowering and raising fixtures to and from floor level are in their legs. In preferred embodiments, the actuators are column lifters. The number of column lifters used for a particular fixture will vary based on the size and weight of the fixture.
- Now referring to
FIG. 28 , an exemplary embodiment of anattachment mechanism 470 is shown. In this example, a cabinet, closet, or other storage compartment is attached at or near the bottom to awire 471 that is used to raise and lower the cabinet. Furthermore, the connection is accessible via the bottom of the cabinet to allow access to the connection after installation. This allows the cabinet to be disconnected from the wires and removed for cabinet and lifter repair or replacement. In a preferred embodiment, at least twowires 471 on two corners are attached to the cabinet. In various preferred embodiments, thewire 471 is attached to apin 472 that is dropped down a channel along a corner of the cabinet. Thepin 472 includes a threadedbolt section 473 at its bottom. The pin passes through a narrow point and anut 474 is attached to the bolt securing it in place. The nut may also be used to adjust the position of the pin relative to the bottom of the cabinet to level the cabinet. - In an exemplary embodiment, the table and seating portion of the bench drop down to the floor to make room for a bed that is lowered into place. In some embodiments, he backrest of the bench is fixed and becomes a headboard for the bed. In other embodiments, the backrest is lowered with the bench and/or may fold down over the bench. In various exemplary embodiments, the fixtures are supported by column lifters installed in the utility zone.
- In exemplary embodiments, a bed is adapted to be lowered into the space above the lowered bench and table. In preferred embodiments, the bed is articulating between sleeping and sitting positions (i.e., like a hospital bed). In various exemplary embodiments, the bed is sized and positioned to leave a pathway along one side of the room. In preferred embodiments, the dwelling is intended to be wheelchair accessible, and the pathway is sufficient for a wheelchair to pass.
- In various exemplary embodiments, storage units are lowered into various parts of the dwelling. For example, closets may be provided in the bathroom or bedroom modules, pantries in the kitchen, shelves for sheets or towels in the bedroom or bathroom, and so forth. The storage unit may be adapted to serve as a closet, dresser, pantry, etc. In various exemplary embodiments, the storage container comprises a door that opens and closes vertically and is counterbalanced with a weight to help maintain the door in an open position and make it easier to open and close. In various exemplary embodiments, the wires used to raise and lower the storage unit also pass through the edges of the door and serve as guides for raising and lowering the door.
- In various exemplary embodiments, furniture that is lowered from the storage zone are preferable lowered using a cable and winch system. For safety and aesthetic reasons, it is preferred not to have cables in the dwelling zone. Therefore, in preferred embodiments, the cables are located at the edge of the dwelling zone. The cables are affixed to just one side of the furniture piece, such as a bed frame, and guides (e.g., C-shaped channels) are provided along the walls and the furniture is raised and lowered in cantilever fashion.
- In various exemplary embodiments, the dwelling unit contains a heat pump to provide heated or cooled air to HVAC ducts located in the utility zone. In preferred embodiments, the heat pump is located at the end of the dwelling opposite the bathroom module with access to outside air (i.e., this end of the dwelling is typically an outside wall). Air is drawn from outside the dwelling, conditioned, and distributed to one or more vents in the dwelling floor. In preferred embodiments, there is at least one air inlet inside the dwelling through which the heat pump also draws air to facilitate air circulation. In various preferred embodiments, the HVAC system includes a humidifier and/or dehumidifier.
- In various exemplary embodiments, the HVAC system is designed for continuous operation rather than the typical cycle of on/off used in most systems. The system comprises, among other things, a variable speed fan capable of operating at low speed to maintain a flow of heated or cooled air into the dwelling sufficient to maintain a desired temperature without overheating or overcooling.
- All patents, published patent applications, and other publications referred to herein are incorporated herein by reference. The invention has been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. Nevertheless, it is understood that many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. A modular dwelling, comprising:
a dwelling unit, comprising:
a rectangular base;
four exterior walls extending from the base to the roof;
at least one entrance through one of the exterior walls;
a utility zone disposed above the base;
a residential zone disposed above the utility zone;
a storage zone above the dwelling zone;
a mechanical zone above the storage zone; and
lifting devices in the mechanical zone adapted to raise and lower furnishings between the storage zone and the dwelling zone.
2. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , comprising at least two dwelling units attached side-to-side.
3. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , comprising at least two dwelling units attached top-to-bottom.
4. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , wherein the dwelling unit comprises at least two modules.
5. The modular dwelling of claim 4 , wherein one of the at least two modules is a convertible module adapted for conversion to different configurations.
6. The modular dwelling of claim 5 , wherein the convertible module is converted into different configurations by raising or lowering furnishings between the dwelling zone and the storage zone.
7. The modular dwelling of claim 6 , wherein the convertible room is converted into a bedroom by lowering a bed into the convertible room.
8. The modular dwelling of claim 4 , wherein each of the at least two modules have the same dimensions.
9. The modular dwelling of claim 7 , wherein each of the at least two modules are about 8.25 feet wide by 16.5 feet long.
10. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , wherein the lifting devices comprise a motor, a spool, and a line.
11. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , wherein the at least one entrance is located in an end of the dwelling unit.
12. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , wherein the at least one entrance is located in a side of the dwelling unit.
13. The modular dwelling of claim 2 , further comprising at least one passage between the at least two dwelling units attached side-to-side.
14. The modular dwelling of claim 13 , wherein the passage comprises a panel that is moved to open the passage.
15. The modular dwelling of claim 14 , wherein the panel is raised into the storage zone.
16. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , wherein the height of the utility zone is about 16 inches.
17. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , wherein the height of the dwelling zone is about 95 inches.
18. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , wherein the height of the storage zone is about 48 inches.
19. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , wherein the height of the mechanical zone is about 9 inches.
20. The modular dwelling of claim 1 , wherein the height of the dwelling is about 14 feet.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/450,383 US20240052657A1 (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | Modular Dwelling Unit Having Vertically Spaced Zones |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202263371485P | 2022-08-15 | 2022-08-15 | |
US18/450,383 US20240052657A1 (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | Modular Dwelling Unit Having Vertically Spaced Zones |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20240052657A1 true US20240052657A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
Family
ID=89847012
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US18/450,383 Pending US20240052657A1 (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | Modular Dwelling Unit Having Vertically Spaced Zones |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240052657A1 (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-08-15 US US18/450,383 patent/US20240052657A1/en active Pending
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
RU2634132C2 (en) | Method and system for building construction | |
CN104204373B (en) | The Prefabricated block of building | |
US20220202637A1 (en) | Assembling Negative Pressure Isolation Chamber | |
JP2018178536A (en) | House | |
CN201605664U (en) | Container suite room | |
US20240052657A1 (en) | Modular Dwelling Unit Having Vertically Spaced Zones | |
JP2023051007A (en) | House structure | |
US20240156274A1 (en) | System for Raising and Lowering Furniture | |
US11365540B2 (en) | Functional modular building cartridges and methods | |
CN2903255Y (en) | Movable small house | |
JP2023055964A (en) | Wall surface furnitecture and room structure | |
CN101769082B (en) | Container suite | |
US20210032861A1 (en) | Retractable tent | |
JP2009127339A (en) | Structure of container house | |
WO2020211803A1 (en) | Assembled device | |
JP2008184801A (en) | Prefabricated simple house | |
CN105625753A (en) | Small-type and mini-type house type | |
JP3230398U (en) | Housing | |
Guyer et al. | An Introduction to Architectural Design | |
JP7488411B1 (en) | Housing | |
US20230027944A1 (en) | Systems and methods for a dwelling layout | |
JP2023149621A (en) | Dwelling house | |
JP2005351054A (en) | Room unit by function, and building with room unit by function | |
KR20210116107A (en) | Structure for apartment house | |
JP2007075556A (en) | Construction method of bathing space by movable bathtub |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |