US2023364A - Metal coated ferrous article and process of making it - Google Patents

Metal coated ferrous article and process of making it Download PDF

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Publication number
US2023364A
US2023364A US740231A US74023134A US2023364A US 2023364 A US2023364 A US 2023364A US 740231 A US740231 A US 740231A US 74023134 A US74023134 A US 74023134A US 2023364 A US2023364 A US 2023364A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
wire
cadmium
ferrous
hot
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US740231A
Inventor
Frederick M Crapo
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Indiana Steel & Wire Co
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Indiana Steel & Wire Co
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Priority claimed from US556631A external-priority patent/US1984335A/en
Application filed by Indiana Steel & Wire Co filed Critical Indiana Steel & Wire Co
Priority to US740231A priority Critical patent/US2023364A/en
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Publication of US2023364A publication Critical patent/US2023364A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/38—Wires; Tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S439/00—Electrical connectors
    • Y10S439/931—Conductive coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]

Definitions

  • This composite coating is of great advantage, because of thef high resistance whichrk the cadmium exterior offer-sto corrosion, especially to those types of corrosion of which a salt atmosphere is typical, while the under coatof zinc not only adheres well to the ferrous base and is relatively inexpensive but in addition lfurnishes an excellent base for the electroplated cadmium of the outer coat.
  • the coating processes may be either continuous or by batches; but I prefer the continuous process, especially for wire. f
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged perspective view of a wire coatedin accordance with my invention, with the coatings much magnifled in thickness, and without any attempt to' indicate any inter-alloying; and
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a continuous process forcoating ⁇ ferrous wire in accordance with my invention;
  • the wire to be coated may be a ferrous wire of any character, prepared for coating in' any desired manner.
  • I have not shown the wire- 5 drawing apparatus, since it is well understood; and r so indicate the wire Il! as coming from a pay-out reel I I.
  • the wire I0 may pass through an annealing furnace I2, Y V and then through cleaning and/or uxing baths 1o I3 and I4, for preparative purposes. These preparatory treatments are conventional, and may be varied as desired.
  • the wire Ill is passed through albath I5 of molten zinc; in which passage molten zinc 15 adheres tol and alloys with the surface of, the wire to provide the usual hot-galvanizing.
  • the zinccoated wire after it yemerges from the bath I5 of molten zinc may pass through a wipe I6. Also, although it is not essential to my invention, the zinc-coated wire may now receive a heat treatment if desired, as by being passed through a heat-treating furnace 30. f A
  • the wire produced is hotgalvanized wire, and'may be of any type.
  • the hot-galvanized coating thereon forms the ⁇ first part of the coating of my present invention.
  • the hot-galvanized wire is now treated to apply the second part of myv coating thereto. This treatment may be made immediately after the wire has been hot-galvanized, in the same continuous process; or it may be applied at somelater time, although I deem that less desirable.
  • the second half of the coating is applied in the same continuous process.
  • the hot-galvanized wire Il after/leaving the bath I5 of molten zinc, and the 'wipe Ii and/or heat-treating furnace 3l if they are used, is desirably passed through a cleaning 40 bath I'I, of any suitable character, to prepare the wire for the subsequent coating.
  • the wire I! y then passes to the 'second coating apparatus, for
  • electro-plating bath IIA which-I prefer an electro-plating bath IIA.
  • the moving wire is the cathode, being connected to the negative side of a suitable electric supply-circuit IS, as by trolleys 2l.
  • the plating bathl also has a suitable anode 2l connected v f to the positive side of the su ly-circuit. I have indicated this electro-plating th, as well as the 50 other baths shown, merely tically; as
  • the now double-coated wire may l pass, through an intervening washing bath 22 and over or through a drier 23 desired, to a take- 55 up reel 2l; by which take-up reel the power is applied for moving the wire.
  • the electro-plating bath I8 contains an electrolyte suitable for plating cadmium on to the already hot-galvanized wire; and the anode 2l is of suitable material for such cadmium plating.
  • the second part of the coating is a coating of comparatively pure cadmium.
  • the hot-galvanized ferrous wire furnishes a good base for this electro-deposition of cadmium.
  • This second part of the coating may be as heavy as desired, so that the total may be a heavy coating when and if desired; and the outer surface of thiscoating is of substantially ⁇ pure cadmium
  • the nature of the electrolyte in the electroplating bath I8 may vary in accordance with the known processes for cadmium plating; and so may the current density used for. plating.
  • My invention is not limited to any specific character of electro-deposition, or to any specic electrolyte or current density so long as they are suitable for electro-plating cadmium; but is intended to include not only electro-deposition of cadmium following hot-galvanizing with zinc, but also to include other types of cadmium coating than hotdipping, applied at a temperature below the melting point of cadmium to a wire or other ferrous article-which has been hot-galvanized.
  • the general nature of the resultant article, such as wire, is indicated in Fig. 1.
  • the ferrous core 25 is the initial ferrous wire, to which a galf vanized coating 26 of zinc is applied by any available hot-dipping process of galvanizing; and over the zinc coating 26 is-an outer cadmium coating 21 applied at a temperature below the melting point of cadmium by a process other than hot- 1.
  • a coated ferrous wire comprising aferrous base-wire having a hot-galvanized coating of zinc thereon, and over that an electro-deposited coating substantially wholly of cadmium.
  • a ferrous-coatedarticle as set forth in claim V1 in which the hot-galvanized coating of zinc is forth in claim 4, inwhichrthe first coating is i wiped before the second is applied.

Description

f Dec. 3, 1935.
F. M. cRAPo METAL COATED FERROUS ARTICLE AND PROCESS OF MAKING IT original Filed Aug. 12, 1931 i, M WNMMQLPOBM m M M @N l5@ or W I @LOUQLxfQL W ,WW/ 5 1A NN N\ $1 Nm: NN 08N ,1N New. A NN N v w 1 1 I I 11 q. 1|.|.. 1 11H w .wwuwmu J 1 MMWMH 1:--
. 1|l S3 s is@ .fl ism 5am, Sum, 51@ awww ,5.85 @@Mwsm @ESSE .\Q\\ BSN 53: @En susan 1&9@ AW LSuSm l sstnnsh" mfmr Patented Dec. 3, 1935 UNITED s'labrlsv METAL COATED FEBROUS ARTICLE AND PROCESS F MAKING IT Frederick M. Crapo, Muncie, Ind., 'asslgno'r to Indiana Steel & Wire Company, Muncie, Ind., a corporation of Indiana original application August i2, 1931, serial No.
Divided and'A this application August 17, i934, serial No. 740,231
s claims. (Ci. sin-68.2)
It is the object of my invention to produce on ferrous articles, and especially on ferrous wire,
an improved metallic coating of which the Vpart next to the ferrous metal is a zinc coating applied by the hot-galvanzing process, and of which the outer part is substantially pure cadf Morelspecifically, it is my object to make possible a heavy coating, in-which-the outer surface is of a very pure cadmium while'the inner part is of zinc iirmly associated with theferrous base by inter-"alloying This present application is a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 556,631, filed August 12, 1931, which resulted in Patent No. 1,984,335, granted December 11, 1934.
In carrying out my invention, I apply the coating in two parts. 'I'he first part is a zinc-coating, applied by the hot-galvanizing process, whereiny there is a certain inter-alloying between the zinc firmly joined to the article byits adhesion to the surface produced by the lhot-galvanizing. As a result I am able to get a heavy coating, of whichthe inner part of zinc is alloyed rmly withthe ferrous base, while the outer part is of comparatively pure cadmium. This composite coating is of great advantage, because of thef high resistance whichrk the cadmium exterior offer-sto corrosion, especially to those types of corrosion of which a salt atmosphere is typical, while the under coatof zinc not only adheres well to the ferrous base and is relatively inexpensive but in addition lfurnishes an excellent base for the electroplated cadmium of the outer coat.
In carrying .out my invention, whether on fer- 'tous wire'v or other ferrous articles, the coating processes may be either continuous or by batches; but I prefer the continuous process, especially for wire. f
The accompanying drawing 'illustrates nLv invention. In such drawing, Fig. 1 is an enlarged perspective view of a wire coatedin accordance with my invention, with the coatings much magnifled in thickness, and without any attempt to' indicate any inter-alloying; and Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a continuous process forcoating `ferrous wire in accordance with my invention;
I will describe my invention infconnectionhwitli,
theI continuous process indicated in Fig. 2,
although it is not limited tof-a continuous process'.
The wire to be coated may be a ferrous wire of any character, prepared for coating in' any desired manner. I have not shown the wire- 5 drawing apparatus, since it is well understood; and r so indicate the wire Il! as coming from a pay-out reel I I. From that pay-out reel the wire I0 may pass through an annealing furnace I2, Y V and then through cleaning and/or uxing baths 1o I3 and I4, for preparative purposes. These preparatory treatments are conventional, and may be varied as desired. After 'the preparatory treatments, the wire Ill is passed through albath I5 of molten zinc; in which passage molten zinc 15 adheres tol and alloys with the surface of, the wire to provide the usual hot-galvanizing. If desired, although it is noty necessary, the zinccoated wire after it yemerges from the bath I5 of molten zinc may pass through a wipe I6. Also, although it is not essential to my invention, the zinc-coated wire may now receive a heat treatment if desired, as by being passed through a heat-treating furnace 30. f A
Up to this point, the wire produced is hotgalvanized wire, and'may be of any type. Y The hot-galvanized coating thereon forms the` first part of the coating of my present invention.'
The hot-galvanized wire is now treated to apply the second part of myv coating thereto. This treatment may be made immediately after the wire has been hot-galvanized, in the same continuous process; or it may be applied at somelater time, although I deem that less desirable.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, the second half of the coating is applied in the same continuous process. The hot-galvanized wire Il, after/leaving the bath I5 of molten zinc, and the 'wipe Ii and/or heat-treating furnace 3l if they are used, is desirably passed through a cleaning 40 bath I'I, of any suitable character, to prepare the wire for the subsequent coating. The wire I! y then passes to the 'second coating apparatus, for
which-I prefer an electro-plating bath IIA. In this bath the moving wire is the cathode, being connected to the negative side of a suitable electric supply-circuit IS, as by trolleys 2l. The plating bathl also has a suitable anode 2l connected v f to the positive side of the su ly-circuit. I have indicated this electro-plating th, as well as the 50 other baths shown, merely tically; as
they may take any suitable form. From the electro-platingbath, the now double-coated wire may l pass, through an intervening washing bath 22 and over or through a drier 23 desired, to a take- 55 up reel 2l; by which take-up reel the power is applied for moving the wire.
The electro-plating bath I8 contains an electrolyte suitable for plating cadmium on to the already hot-galvanized wire; and the anode 2l is of suitable material for such cadmium plating. In
consequence, the second part of the coating is a coating of comparatively pure cadmium. As already stated, the hot-galvanized ferrous wire furnishes a good base for this electro-deposition of cadmium. This second part of the coating may be as heavy as desired, so that the total may be a heavy coating when and if desired; and the outer surface of thiscoating is of substantially` pure cadmium The nature of the electrolyte in the electroplating bath I8 may vary in accordance with the known processes for cadmium plating; and so may the current density used for. plating. My invention is not limited to any specific character of electro-deposition, or to any specic electrolyte or current density so long as they are suitable for electro-plating cadmium; but is intended to include not only electro-deposition of cadmium following hot-galvanizing with zinc, but also to include other types of cadmium coating than hotdipping, applied at a temperature below the melting point of cadmium to a wire or other ferrous article-which has been hot-galvanized. l
The general nature of the resultant article, such as wire, is indicated in Fig. 1. The ferrous core 25 is the initial ferrous wire, to which a galf vanized coating 26 of zinc is applied by any available hot-dipping process of galvanizing; and over the zinc coating 26 is-an outer cadmium coating 21 applied at a temperature below the melting point of cadmium by a process other than hot- 1. A coated ferrous article, comprising a ferrous base'having a hot-galvanized coating of zincA thereon, and over that an electro-deposited coating substantially wholly of cadmium. l
2. A coated ferrous wire, comprising aferrous base-wire having a hot-galvanized coating of zinc thereon, and over that an electro-deposited coating substantially wholly of cadmium.
3. The process of coating a ferrous article, l which consists in applying toit a zinc coating by the hot-galvanizing process, and applying to the hot-galvanized ferrous article by electro-deposition a coating substantially wholly of cadmium."
4. The process of coating a ferrous wire, which consists in passing it successively through a bath of molten zinc and through an electro-plating bath containing a suitable electrolyte for depositing a coating substantially wholly of cadmium.
5. A ferrous-coatedarticle as set forth in claim V1, in which the hot-galvanized coating of zinc is forth in claim 4, inwhichrthe first coating is i wiped before the second is applied.
FREDERICK M.- CRAPO.
US740231A 1931-08-12 1934-08-17 Metal coated ferrous article and process of making it Expired - Lifetime US2023364A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2606650A (en) * 1945-04-23 1952-08-12 Martin E Evans Continuous wire drawing machine
US2848596A (en) * 1954-08-02 1958-08-19 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Welding-rod
US2909648A (en) * 1956-06-29 1959-10-20 Lincoln Electric Co Metallic vapor shielded electric arc welding
US3112213A (en) * 1959-12-28 1963-11-26 Armco Steel Corp Differentially coated galvanized strip
US3525848A (en) * 1968-10-23 1970-08-25 Ford Motor Co Wear resistant device for utilization in a welding operation and a method of making the same
US3555240A (en) * 1966-11-23 1971-01-12 Oerlikon Buehrle Elektroden Filled welding rod
US3642457A (en) * 1968-05-31 1972-02-15 Chromalloy American Corp Multimetal corrosion-resistant diffusion coatings
US5859406A (en) * 1996-01-16 1999-01-12 Simon; R. E. Welding rod method and apparatus

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2606650A (en) * 1945-04-23 1952-08-12 Martin E Evans Continuous wire drawing machine
US2848596A (en) * 1954-08-02 1958-08-19 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Welding-rod
US2909648A (en) * 1956-06-29 1959-10-20 Lincoln Electric Co Metallic vapor shielded electric arc welding
US3112213A (en) * 1959-12-28 1963-11-26 Armco Steel Corp Differentially coated galvanized strip
US3555240A (en) * 1966-11-23 1971-01-12 Oerlikon Buehrle Elektroden Filled welding rod
US3642457A (en) * 1968-05-31 1972-02-15 Chromalloy American Corp Multimetal corrosion-resistant diffusion coatings
US3525848A (en) * 1968-10-23 1970-08-25 Ford Motor Co Wear resistant device for utilization in a welding operation and a method of making the same
US5859406A (en) * 1996-01-16 1999-01-12 Simon; R. E. Welding rod method and apparatus

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