US20230299268A1 - Lead Alloy, Lead Storage Battery Electrode, Lead Storage Battery, and Power Storage System - Google Patents

Lead Alloy, Lead Storage Battery Electrode, Lead Storage Battery, and Power Storage System Download PDF

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Publication number
US20230299268A1
US20230299268A1 US18/325,329 US202318325329A US2023299268A1 US 20230299268 A1 US20230299268 A1 US 20230299268A1 US 202318325329 A US202318325329 A US 202318325329A US 2023299268 A1 US2023299268 A1 US 2023299268A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
lead
storage battery
electrode
lead alloy
foil
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Pending
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US18/325,329
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English (en)
Inventor
Hiroshi Kaneko
Miho Yamauchi
Yoshiaki Ogiwara
Jun Furukawa
Keizo Yamada
Ayano Koide
Atsushi Sato
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
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Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Furukawa Electric Co Ltd, Furukawa Battery Co Ltd filed Critical Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
Assigned to FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO., LTD., THE FURUKAWA BATTERY CO., LTD. reassignment FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YAMAUCHI, MIHO, FURUKAWA, JUN, KOIDE, Ayano, SATO, ATSUSHI, YAMADA, KEIZO, KANEKO, HIROSHI, OGIWARA, YOSHIAKI
Publication of US20230299268A1 publication Critical patent/US20230299268A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
    • C22C11/06—Alloys based on lead with tin as the next major constituent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/12—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of lead or alloys based thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M10/18—Lead-acid accumulators with bipolar electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/56—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M4/685—Lead alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H01M4/73—Grids for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lead alloy, a lead storage battery electrode, a lead storage battery, and a power storage system.
  • An electrode of a lead storage battery includes an electrode lead layer made of a lead alloy, and an active material disposed on the surface of the electrode lead layer.
  • a roller is used in some cases, and the lead storage battery electrode is manufactured such that a foil of a lead alloy to constitute an electrode lead layer is attached to a substrate by pressing the foil of the lead alloy against the substrate with the roller.
  • the thickness of an electrode lead layer of a conventional lead storage battery is around 1 mm, but the thickness is requested to be 0.5 mm or less, for example.
  • the foil of the lead alloy might extend when force is applied to the foil of the lead alloy with the roller at the time of manufacture of the lead storage battery electrode. Therefore, there is a concern that an edge part of the foil of the lead alloy may deviate from a predetermined part of the substrate (hereinafter also referred to as “positional deviation”) at the time the foil of the lead alloy is attached to the substrate, or wrinkles or breakage caused by local extension may occur in the foil of the lead alloy.
  • JP Patent Publication Nos. S56-172546 U1 and S58-164214 A for example, but the technology is not applicable to the foil of the lead alloy used for the lead storage battery electrode.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a lead alloy that is difficult to cause extension even when force is applied. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a lead storage battery electrode, a lead storage battery, and a power storage system each having a high productivity.
  • a lead alloy according to a first aspect of the present invention is a lead alloy in which the half width of a (311) diffraction peak in a diffraction chart obtained by analyzing the lead alloy by an X-ray diffraction method is 1.4 or more times the half width of a (311) diffraction peak in a diffraction chart obtained by analyzing powder of pure lead by the X-ray diffraction method.
  • a lead storage battery electrode includes an electrode lead layer made of the lead alloy according to the first aspect and an active material disposed on the surface of the electrode lead layer.
  • a lead storage battery according to a third aspect of the present invention includes the lead storage battery electrode according to the second aspect.
  • a power storage system includes the lead storage battery according to the third aspect and is configured to store electricity in the lead storage battery.
  • the lead alloy according to the present invention is a lead alloy in which the half width of a (311) diffraction peak in a diffraction chart obtained by analyzing the lead alloy by the X-ray diffraction method is 1.4 or more times the half width of a (311) diffraction peak in a diffraction chart obtained by analyzing powder of pure lead by the X-ray diffraction method, so that extension is difficult to occur even when force is applied to the lead alloy.
  • an electrode lead layer in each of the lead storage battery electrode, the lead storage battery, and the power storage system according to the present invention is made of the lead alloy according to the present invention, and hereby, it is possible to manufacture the lead storage battery electrode, the lead storage battery, and the power storage system with high productivity.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view to describe a structure of a bipolar lead storage battery according to one embodiment of a lead storage battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view to describe one embodiment of a power storage system according to the present invention.
  • the lead storage battery 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 is a bipolar lead storage battery and includes first plate units each including a negative electrode 110 fixed to a first plate 11 having a flat-plate shape, second plate units each including an electrolytic layer 105 fixed to the inside of a second plate 12 having a frame-plate shape, a third plate unit including a bipolar electrode 130 fixed to the inside of a third plate 13 having a frame-plate shape, the bipolar electrode 130 including a positive electrode 120 formed on one surface of a substrate 111 and a negative electrode 110 formed on the other surface of the substrate 111 , and a fourth plate unit including a positive electrode 120 fixed to a fourth plate 14 having a flat-plate shape.
  • the lead storage battery 1 having a generally rectangular solid shape is formed.
  • the number of the second plate units to be laminated and the number of the third plate units to be laminated are set such that the power storage capacity of the lead storage battery 1 has a desired value.
  • the first to fourth plates 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 and the substrates 111 are made of well-known molding resin, for example.
  • the first to fourth plates 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 are fixed to each other by an appropriate method such that the inside of the lead storage battery 1 is sealed to prevent an electrolytic solution from flowing outside.
  • a negative terminal 107 is fixed to the first plate 11 , and the negative electrode 110 fixed to the first plate 11 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 107 .
  • a positive terminal 108 is fixed to the fourth plate 14 , and the positive electrode 120 fixed to the fourth plate 14 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 108 .
  • the electrolytic layer 105 is constituted by a glass-fiber mat impregnated with an electrolytic solution containing sulfuric acid, for example.
  • the negative electrode 110 includes a negative lead layer 102 made of a copper foil, for example, and a negative active material layer 104 disposed on the surface of the negative lead layer 102 .
  • the positive electrode 120 includes a positive lead layer 101 (corresponding to an “electrode lead layer” as a constituent feature of the present invention) made of a foil of a lead alloy according to the present embodiment (described later), and a positive active material layer 103 disposed on the surface of the positive lead layer 101 .
  • a positive lead layer 101 corresponding to an “electrode lead layer” as a constituent feature of the present invention
  • a positive active material layer 103 disposed on the surface of the positive lead layer 101 .
  • the positive electrode 120 and the negative electrode 110 are fixed to a front surface and a back surface of the substrate 111 , respectively, and are electrically connected thereto by an appropriate method.
  • each of the positive electrode 120 and the negative electrode 110 may be fixed to one surface of each of two substrates 111 , and the other surfaces of the two substrates 111 may be electrically connected and fixed to each other.
  • the bipolar electrode 130 as a lead storage battery electrode is constituted by the substrate 111 , the positive lead layer 101 , the positive active material layer 103 , the negative lead layer 102 , and the negative active material layer 104 .
  • a bipolar electrode is a single electrode that functions both as a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
  • the lead storage battery 1 has a battery configuration in which cell members are connected in series to each other by assembling the cell members such that the cell members are laminated alternately.
  • Each of the cell members being configured such that the electrolytic layer 105 is provided between the positive electrode 120 including the positive active material layer 103 and the negative electrode 110 including the negative active material layer 104 .
  • the present embodiment deals with a bipolar lead storage battery including a bipolar electrode as a single electrode that both functions as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, as an example of the lead storage battery, but the lead storage battery according to the present embodiment may be a lead battery including electrodes that function as a positive electrode and electrodes that function as a negative electrode separately such that positive electrodes and negative electrodes as different bodies are disposed alternately.
  • a power storage system can be constituted by using the lead storage battery 1 according to the present embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • An example of the power storage system is illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the power storage system in FIG. 2 includes an assembled battery including a plurality of lead storage batteries 1 (four lead storage batteries 1 in the example of FIG.
  • an alternating-current power to direct-current power (AC-DC) converter 6 configured to perform AC-DC conversion at the time of charge and discharge of the assembled battery
  • a current sensor 3 provided between the assembled battery and the AC-DC converter 6 and configured to measure a charge-discharge current at the time of charge and discharge of the assembled battery
  • a voltage sensor 4 configured to measure the voltage of the assembled battery
  • a storage-state monitoring device 2 configured to receive measurement data transmitted from the current sensor 3 and the voltage sensor 4 and perform a state determination on the assembled battery and a warning determination based on the measurement data thus received
  • an energy management system 5 configured to receive storage-state information transmitted from the storage-state monitoring device 2 based on a result of the state determination or the warning determination thus performed and determine whether the assembled battery is charged or discharged based on the storage-state information thus received.
  • the energy management system 5 determines whether the assembled battery is charged or discharged, based on the storage-state information received from the storage-state monitoring device 2 , and transmits a signal to instruct execution of charge or discharge to the AC-DC converter 6 .
  • the AC-DC converter 6 receives a signal to instruct execution of discharge
  • the AC-DC converter 6 converts direct-current power discharged from the assembled battery into alternating-current power and outputs the alternating-current power into a commercial power system 7 .
  • the AC-DC converter 6 converts alternating-current power input from the commercial power system 7 into direct-current power and charges the assembled battery. Note that the number of the lead storage batteries 1 connected in series is determined by an input voltage range of the AC-DC converter 6 .
  • the foil is made of a lead alloy according to the present embodiment.
  • the lead alloy according to the present embodiment is a lead alloy in which the half width of a (311) diffraction peak in a diffraction chart obtained by analyzing the lead alloy by an X-ray diffraction method is 1.4 or more times the half width of a (311) diffraction peak in a diffraction chart obtained by analyzing powder of pure lead by the X-ray diffraction method.
  • a ratio Wa/Wp (hereinafter also referred to as a “half-width ratio”) between the half widths is 1.4 or more.
  • the half-width ratio is 1.4 or more, the lead alloy is maintained at a high dislocation density. On this account, the lead alloy according to the present embodiment is difficult to cause overall extension or local extension even when force is applied to the lead alloy. It is necessary for the half-width ratio to be 1.4 or more, but in order for extension to be more difficult to occur when force is applied, the half-width ratio is preferably 1.7 or more. Further, the half-width ratio is preferably 10 or less.
  • the lead alloy according to the present embodiment is difficult to cause overall extension or local extension even when force is applied to the lead alloy. Therefore, when a foil of a lead alloy to constitute the positive lead layer 101 is made of the lead alloy according to the present embodiment, the thickness of the positive lead layer 101 can be reduced (e.g., 0.5 mm or less). That is, in a case where the bipolar electrode 130 is manufactured such that the foil of the lead alloy to constitute the positive lead layer 101 is attached to the substrate 111 by pressing the foil of the lead alloy against the substrate 111 with a roller, extension might occur in the foil of the lead alloy due to force applied by the roller. However, when the foil of the lead alloy is made of the lead alloy according to the present embodiment, extension is difficult to occur even when force is applied to the lead alloy.
  • Extension is difficult to occur in the foil of the lead alloy according to the present embodiment even when the thickness of the foil of the lead alloy is small (e.g., 0.5 mm or less). Further, because local extension is difficult to occur, even when the thickness of the foil of the lead alloy is small, the foil of the lead alloy is difficult to wrinkle or break. Accordingly, at the time when the foil of the lead alloy is attached to the substrate 111 , a positional deviation, wrinkles, or breakage is difficult to occur in the foil of the lead alloy.
  • the effectiveness of the lead alloy according to the present embodiment is more remarkable as the thickness of the foil of the lead alloy is smaller. Further, the positional deviation easily increases as the dimension of the foil of the lead alloy is larger. Therefore, the effectiveness of the lead alloy according to the present embodiment is more remarkable as the dimension of the foil of the lead alloy is larger.
  • the bipolar electrode 130 can be manufactured smoothly, and the bipolar electrode 130 or the lead storage battery 1 can be manufactured with high productivity.
  • the thickness of the positive lead layer 101 can be reduced, so that the internal volume of the lead storage battery 1 can be used efficiently.
  • the present embodiment deals with, as an example, the lead storage battery 1 in which the positive lead layer 101 is made of the foil of the lead alloy according to the present embodiment, and the negative lead layer 102 is made of a well-known lead foil, but reversely to this example, the positive lead layer 101 may be made of a well-known lead foil, and the negative lead layer 102 may be made of the foil of the lead alloy according to the present embodiment, or the positive lead layer 101 and the negative lead layer 102 may be both made of the foil of the lead alloy according to the present embodiment.
  • the lead alloy according to the present embodiment may be a lead alloy containing tin between 0.4% by mass and 2% by mass, inclusive, and bismuth of 0.004% by mass or less with the balance of lead and unavoidable impurities.
  • the lead alloy according to the present embodiment may be a lead alloy containing tin between 0.4% by mass and 2% by mass, inclusive, bismuth of 0.004% by mass or less, and at least one of calcium of 0.1% by mass or less, silver of 0.05% by mass or less, and copper of 0.05% by mass or less with the balance of lead and unavoidable impurities.
  • the alloy compositions as described above can provide a lead alloy that is difficult to extend even when force is applied.
  • the lead alloy contains tin, an excellent adhesion property is achieved between the positive lead layer 101 made of the lead alloy and the positive active material layer 103 .
  • the content of tin in the lead alloy is preferably between 0.4% by mass and 2.0% by mass, inclusive, and more preferably between 0.6% by mass and 1.8% by mass, inclusive.
  • the lead alloy contains calcium, silver, or copper, the lead alloy has minute crystal grains. Accordingly, when the lead alloy contains tin and at least one of calcium, silver, and copper, it is possible to yield an effect that the strength of the lead alloy is raised, and the lead alloy is hard to deform.
  • calcium, silver, and copper may be added to the lead alloy positively, but even if they are not added positively, they may be contained as unavoidable impurities due to mixing from base metal or the like. Respective maximum amounts of calcium, silver, and copper that can be contained as the unavoidable impurities are 0.012% by mass in some embodiments of the invention.
  • the lead alloy contains bismuth
  • moldability of the lead alloy by rolling or the like tends to decrease. That is, bismuth is one of impurities that are preferably not contained in the lead alloy according to the present embodiment as much as possible. Therefore, the content of bismuth in the lead alloy is preferably 0.004% by mass or less, and most preferably 0% by mass. However, in consideration of the cost of the lead alloy, the content of bismuth is preferably 0.0004% by mass or more.
  • the lead alloy may contain an element other than lead, tin, calcium, silver, copper, and bismuth.
  • This element is an impurity contained in the lead alloy unavoidably, and the total content of the element other than lead, tin, calcium, silver, copper, and bismuth in the lead alloy is preferably 0.01% by mass or less, and most preferably 0% by mass.
  • the foil of the lead alloy to constitute the positive lead layer 101 by using rolling with reference to an example.
  • the foil of the lead alloy is manufactured by rolling after a heat treatment, it is possible to control a crystalline structure ((311)) of the lead alloy.
  • the rolling and the heat treatment are described just as examples of a control method of controlling the crystalline structure ((311)) in the lead alloy according to the present embodiment, and the crystalline structure may be controlled by a method other than the rolling and the heat treatment.
  • This example deals with a method of manufacturing the foil of the lead alloy by first performing the heat treatment and then performing the rolling. This heat treatment is performed such that, after a heat treatment at a first stage, a heat treatment at a second stage to maintain a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time is performed without cooling to a room temperature.
  • the temperature is preferably between 290° C. and 320° C., inclusive, and more preferably between 295° C. and 310° C., inclusive.
  • the temperature is preferably between 40° C. and 100° C., inclusive, and more preferably between 60° C. and 80° C., inclusive, and the heat treatment time is preferably two weeks or more, and more preferably three weeks or more.
  • the rolling reduction ratio is preferably 30% or more, and more preferably 50% or more.
  • Foils were each manufactured by performing the heat treatment on an ingot having a thickness of 8 mm and made of a lead alloy having an alloy composition shown in Table 1 and then performing rolling on the ingot.
  • the conditions of the heat treatment were that an ingot heated to 300° C. was put into a furnace maintained at a predetermined heat treatment temperature and maintained for a predetermined heat treatment time without cooling the ingot to a room temperature.
  • Heat treatment temperatures and heat treatment times were set as shown in Table 1.
  • Comparative Example 1 the condition of a heat treatment in Comparative Example 1 is that only heating to 300° C. is performed, and a subsequent heat treatment using a furnace is not performed. Further, Comparative Example 6 uses pure lead containing a small amount of bismuth instead of a lead alloy.
  • the condition of the rolling in Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and 6 is that an ingot having a thickness of 8 mm is rolled to manufacture a foil having a thickness of 0.25 mm.
  • the rolling reduction ratio of this rolling is 96.9%.
  • the condition of the rolling in Example 16 is that an ingot having a thickness of 8 mm is rolled to manufacture a foil having a thickness of 0.40 mm.
  • the rolling reduction ratio of this rolling is 95.0%.
  • the condition of the rolling in Example 17 is that an ingot having a thickness of 8 mm is rolled to manufacture a foil having a thickness of 0.10 mm.
  • the rolling reduction ratio of this rolling is 98.8%. Note that, in Comparative Example 5, a defect called an edge crack occurred in an end portion of a plate during the rolling, and therefore, no foil was obtained.
  • each of the foils in Examples 1 to 17 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and 6 was cut to manufacture three test pieces each having a width of 15 mm and a length of 100 mm.
  • the test pieces were manufactured such that the longitudinal direction of the test pieces was parallel to the rolling direction.
  • a tensile test was performed on each test piece at an elastic stress rate of 100 mm/min to find a 0.2% offset yield strength and a maximum tensile strength, and a resisting force (difficulty in extension upon application of force) to the applied force was evaluated.
  • the tensile direction of a test piece was a direction along the longitudinal direction of the test piece.
  • the average value of measurement results of three test pieces was regarded as the 0.2% offset yield strength and the maximum tensile strength of the test pieces. Results are shown in Table 1.
  • the foil in a case where a foil has a 0.2% offset yield strength of 20 MPa or more and a maximum tensile strength of 25 MPa or more, the foil is determined to have a sufficiently large resisting force to the applied force, so that the foil is evaluated as “OK” in Table 1. In a case where a foil has a 0.2% offset yield strength of less than 20 MPa and a maximum tensile strength of less than 25 MPa, the foil is determined to have an insufficient resisting force to the applied force, so that the foil is evaluated as “NG” in Table 1.
  • a foil has a 0.2% offset yield strength of 20 MPa or more and a maximum tensile strength of 25 MPa or more, overall extension or local extension is difficult to occur in the foil of the lead alloy even when force is applied.
  • the thickness of a positive lead layer made of the foil of the lead alloy can be reduced (e.g., 0.5 mm or less).
  • the foils of Examples 1 to 17 each have a half-width ratio of 1.4 or more, and therefore, it is found that the foils have a sufficiently large resisting force to the applied force (that is, extension is difficult to occur even when force is applied).
  • the foils of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and 6 each have a half-width ratio of less than 1.4, and therefore, it is found that the foils have an insufficient resisting force to the applied force.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
US18/325,329 2020-11-30 2023-05-30 Lead Alloy, Lead Storage Battery Electrode, Lead Storage Battery, and Power Storage System Pending US20230299268A1 (en)

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PCT/JP2021/041246 WO2022113731A1 (ja) 2020-11-30 2021-11-09 鉛合金、鉛蓄電池用電極、鉛蓄電池、及び蓄電システム

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