US20230173636A1 - Method for polishing substrate including functional chip - Google Patents
Method for polishing substrate including functional chip Download PDFInfo
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- US20230173636A1 US20230173636A1 US18/161,707 US202318161707A US2023173636A1 US 20230173636 A1 US20230173636 A1 US 20230173636A1 US 202318161707 A US202318161707 A US 202318161707A US 2023173636 A1 US2023173636 A1 US 2023173636A1
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- polishing
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- insulating material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/12—Lapping plates for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/16—Lapping plates for working plane surfaces characterised by the shape of the lapping plate surface, e.g. grooved
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/31051—Planarisation of the insulating layers
- H01L21/31053—Planarisation of the insulating layers involving a dielectric removal step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/005—Control means for lapping machines or devices
- B24B37/013—Devices or means for detecting lapping completion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
- B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/304—Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/56—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation layers, coatings
- H01L21/561—Batch processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/56—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation layers, coatings
- H01L21/563—Encapsulation of active face of flip-chip device, e.g. underfilling or underencapsulation of flip-chip, encapsulation preform on chip or mounting substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
- H01L22/20—Sequence of activities consisting of a plurality of measurements, corrections, marking or sorting steps
- H01L22/26—Acting in response to an ongoing measurement without interruption of processing, e.g. endpoint detection, in-situ thickness measurement
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/56—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation layers, coatings
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- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/10—Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/15—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/16—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process of an individual bump connector
- H01L2224/161—Disposition
- H01L2224/16135—Disposition the bump connector connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip
- H01L2224/16145—Disposition the bump connector connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip the bodies being stacked
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/18—High density interconnect [HDI] connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/181—Encapsulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for polishing a substrate including a functional chip.
- a three-dimensional mounting technology that piles up a plurality of semiconductor chips in multi-layer and produces one package has been gathering attention.
- a three-dimensional mounting technology that stacks thin-plated semiconductor chips having similar functions or thin-plated semiconductor chips having different functions for improved integration and achieves high-density mounting of the semiconductor chips by providing electrical connections between the respective semiconductor chips.
- an interposer and an interconnection chip are used in a package having a three-dimensional structure for electrical connection between the semiconductor chips.
- For formation of a three-dimensional wiring structure there may be a case where a layer on which a semiconductor chip is disposed is sealed with an insulating material and a next wiring structure is formed on the insulating material.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for polishing an insulating material.
- a method that chemomechanically polishes a substrate including a functional chip includes: a step of disposing the functional chip on the substrate; a step of disposing an end point sensing element on the substrate; a step of sealing the substrate on which the functional chip and the end point sensing element are disposed with an insulating material; a step of polishing the insulating material; and a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished.
- the end point sensing element includes a reflection element.
- the method includes: a step of irradiating the reflection element with light; and a step of receiving light reflected by the reflection element.
- the method includes a step of fixing the end point sensing element to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive.
- the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate.
- the method includes: a step of forming a metal layer on the insulating material; and a step of polishing the metal layer.
- the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of: (1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor; (2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and (3) a change in polishing resistance.
- the method includes: a step of forming a barrier mold layer on the insulating material; and a step of forming a metal layer on the barrier mold layer.
- the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of: (1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor; (2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and (3) a change in polishing resistance.
- the method includes: a step of performing a process for wiring on the insulating material after the insulating material is polished; and a step of performing a surface treatment to improve hydrophilicity on a processed surface of the insulating material.
- a method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip is provided.
- the functional chip and an end point sensing element are disposed on the substrate, and the substrate is in a state of sealed with an insulating material.
- the method includes: a step of polishing the insulating material; and a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished.
- the end point sensing element includes a reflection element.
- the method includes: a step of irradiating the reflection element with light; and a step of receiving light reflected by the reflection element.
- the end point sensing element is fixed to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive.
- the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate.
- the substrate in the method according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 8 to the configuration 11, the substrate is in a state where a metal layer is formed on the insulating material.
- the method includes a step of polishing the metal layer.
- the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of: (1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor; (2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and (3) a change in polishing resistance.
- the substrate in the method according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 8 to the configuration 11, the substrate is in a state where a barrier mold layer is formed on the insulating material and further a metal layer is formed on the barrier mold layer.
- the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of: (1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor; (2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and (3) a change in polishing resistance.
- a method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip sealed with an insulating material includes: a step of irradiating a top surface of the functional chip with light through the insulating material; a step of receiving light reflected by the top surface of the functional chip; and a step of determining an end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in the received light.
- the method further includes: a step of dispersing the light reflected by the top surface of the functional chip; and a step of determining the end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in relative reflectance of each wavelength of the light reflected by the top surface of the functional chip.
- the light to be irradiated has a wavelength of a visible light area or an infrared light area.
- the method includes a step of determining the end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in intensity of the received light.
- a method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip sealed with an insulating material includes: a step of irradiating the substrate with light such that the light is totally reflected by a surface of the substrate; a step of receiving light totally reflected by the surface of the substrate; and a step of determining an end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in the received light.
- a computer-readable recording medium that records a program is provided.
- the program When the program is executed by a control device to control an operation of a substrate polishing apparatus, the program causing the control device to control the substrate polishing apparatus and to execute the method according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 1 to the configuration 18.
- a program that causes a control device including a computer to execute the method according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 1 to the configuration 18 is provided.
- a substrate is provided.
- the substrate includes a functional chip, an insulating material, and an end point sensing element.
- the insulating material covers the functional chip.
- the end point sensing element includes a reflection element.
- the end point sensing element is fixed to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive.
- the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate.
- a metal layer is formed on the insulating material.
- a barrier mold layer is formed on the insulating material, and a metal layer is further formed on the barrier mold layer.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing describing a method for polishing a substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 5 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 7 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 8 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a configuration of a CMP apparatus according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 17 A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 17 B is a drawing of enlarging a part near an adapter of the optical end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 17 A .
- FIG. 17 C is a drawing of enlarging a part near the adapter of the optical end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 17 A .
- FIG. 1 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- a logic chip 102 such as a CPU and a GPU, and/or a memory chip 104 , and the like are disposed on a Copper Clad Laminate (CCL) base 100 .
- CCL Copper Clad Laminate
- chips including predetermined functions, such as the logic chip and the memory chip will be referred to as functional chips.
- an end point sensing element 200 is disposed on a surface on an upper side of the functional chip at the highest position from a surface of the CCL base 100 .
- the end point sensing element 200 is a reflective film 202 disposed on the memory chip 104 .
- the reflective film 202 can be, for example, a coating of a metal film applied on a top surface of the functional chip.
- the polishing of the insulating material 106 can be chemomechanically polished (CMP).
- CMP can use a general CMP apparatus. Any CMP apparatus can be used, and, for example, the known CMP apparatus may be used.
- an end point of the polishing can be sensed using the end point sensing element 200 .
- the end point sensing element 200 is the reflective film 202 , the end point sensing can be optically performed.
- a CMP apparatus 300 includes a light source 302 to irradiate the reflective film 202 with light, such as a laser, and includes a sensor 304 to receive reflected light from the reflective film 202 .
- a distance from the reflective film 202 is measured with the reflected light from the reflective film 202 , the polishing is performed up to a polishing target position 108 , and the polishing is terminated.
- An end point position of the insulating material 106 is preferably, for example, ⁇ 10 ⁇ m or less from the polishing target position 108 .
- the polishing target position 108 can be set to, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m from the top surface of the chip at the uppermost position where the reflective film 202 is disposed.
- the reflective film 202 is used as the end point sensing element 200 in the above-described embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1
- a fluorescent material, resin containing a fluorescent material, or the like can be used instead of the reflective film 202 .
- the fluorescent material or the resin containing the fluorescent material may be applied over only the surface on the upper side of the functional chip at the highest position from the surface of the CCL base 100 as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- the fluorescent material or the resin may be applied over the whole surface of the substrate.
- the fluorescent material or the resin containing the fluorescent material may be applied over only a part of the surface or may be applied over the whole surface.
- the whole substrate is sealed with the insulating material 106 .
- the light source 302 selects a light having a wavelength causing the fluorescent material to generate fluorescent light.
- the sensor 304 measures intensity of the fluorescent light from the fluorescent material applied over the top surface of the functional chip at the highest position. The intensity of the fluorescent light changes depending on a thickness of the insulating material 106 disposed on the fluorescent material.
- the thickness of the insulating material 106 can be detected from the detected intensity of the fluorescent light, and the end point of the polishing of the insulating material 106 can be sensed.
- a wavelength filter can be used to detect only the fluorescent wavelength by the sensor 304 .
- the intensity of the fluorescent wavelength may be detected using a spectroscope.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- a reflective plate 204 as the end point sensing element 200 is fixed to the surface on the upper side of the functional chip 102 or 104 at the highest position from the surface of the CCL base 100 among the functional chips 102 and 104 .
- the reflective plate 204 can be fixed to the top surface of the functional chip 102 or 104 using, for example, an adhesive.
- a plate-shaped member on which metal coating is applied can be used as the reflective plate 204 .
- this embodiment can be configured similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- the logic chip 102 such as a CPU and a GPU, and/or the memory chip 104 , and the like are disposed on the Copper Clad Laminate (CCL) base 100 .
- CCL Copper Clad Laminate
- a dummy element 206 unrelated to a function of a device formed on the substrate is disposed as the end point sensing element 200 .
- the dummy element 206 is disposed such that a top surface of the dummy element 206 is disposed at a position higher than the top surface of the functional chip at the highest position from the surface of the CCL base 100 .
- the top surface of the dummy element 206 may be configured as the reflective film 202 as in the embodiment of FIG. 1 , or the reflective plate 204 as in the embodiment of FIG. 2 may be mounted to the top surface of the dummy element 206 .
- the dummy element 206 can be mounted to the CCL base 100 with an adhesive. Alternatively, the dummy element 206 may be adhered with a bump similarly to the other functional chips 102 and 104 .
- the adhesion with the bump in a step identical to that of the other functional chips 102 and 104 allows a decrease in mounting error of the functional chips 102 and 104 with the dummy element 206 .
- the dummy element 206 can be disposed at any position, the dummy element 206 needs to be disposed at a position where the dummy element 206 does not hinder the other functional chips.
- a plurality of the dummy elements 206 may be disposed.
- the insulating material 106 can be, for example, resin and a glass material. After the sealing with the insulating material 106 , the insulating material 106 is polished such that the insulating material 106 becomes flat.
- the polishing of the insulating material 106 can be chemomechanically polished (CMP).
- CMP can use a general CMP apparatus. Any CMP apparatus can be used, and, for example, the known CMP apparatus may be used.
- an end point of the polishing can be sensed using the dummy element 206 as the end point sensing element 200 . In the embodiment of FIG.
- the end point sensing can be optically performed as described above.
- the polishing target position 108 for example, as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- a distance L 1 from the top surface of the functional chip at the highest position from the surface of the CCL base 100 is determined.
- a height difference L 3 between the top surface of the functional chip at the highest position from the surface of the CCL base 100 and the top surface of the dummy element 206 is preliminarily measured.
- the height difference L 3 can be measured with any position sensor, a confocal microscope, or the like after disposing the functional chips 102 and 104 and the dummy element 206 on the CCL base 100 and before molding with the insulating material 106 .
- a distance L 2 between the top surface of the dummy element 206 and the polishing target position 108 is calculated such that the polishing target position 108 becomes L 1 .
- polishing the insulating material 106 is polished, polishing the insulating material 106 until a distance from the top surface of the dummy element 206 to the surface of the insulating material 106 becomes L 2 ensures polishing the insulating material 106 up to the polishing target position 108 .
- the polishing target position 108 as the end point can be set to, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m from the top surface of the chip at the uppermost position where the reflective film 202 is disposed.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a method when a wiring layer is formed on the flattened insulating material 106 and the wiring layer is polished.
- the insulating material 106 is polished up to the polishing target position 108 by the method similar to the methods of the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 .
- a pattern for wiring is formed on the flattened insulating material 106 afterwards.
- formation of a via 110 for longitudinal wiring, formation of a pattern 112 for lateral wiring, and the like are performed by exposure, etching, and the like.
- a metal layer 114 such as copper, is formed on the pattern-formed insulating material 106 (the state illustrated in FIG. 4 ). Afterwards, an unnecessary part of the metal layer 114 is removed through polishing.
- the polishing of the metal layer 114 can be performed by CMP. It is important that a metal does not remain on the polished surface after the metal layer 114 is polished in the polishing of the metal layer 114 . The presence of the residual metal on the surface of after polishing possibly generates a leak current or causes deterioration of the element. Therefore, regarding the polishing target position 108 , the polishing target position 108 can be determined such that the metal layer 114 is removed and a part of the insulating material 106 is polished.
- the polishing target position 108 can be set to the insulating material 106 side by about 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m from a boundary surface between the metal layer 114 and a layer of the insulating material 106 .
- the end point sensing of the polishing can be performed through observation of a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor, which detects an eddy current occurred in the metal layer 114 .
- the end point sensing may be performed through observation of a change in reflected light from the metal layer 114 by an optical sensor.
- the end point sensing can be performed through observation of a change in polishing resistance generated at a part where the material changes from the metal layer 114 to the insulating material 106 or a change in torque of a driving mechanism of the CMP apparatus.
- the polishing may be performed for a predetermined period for polishing up to the above-described polishing target position 108 .
- the known end point sensing may be employed.
- FIG. 5 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- the insulating material 106 is polished up to the polishing target position 108 by the method similar to the methods of the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 .
- a barrier mold layer 116 is subsequently formed on the flattened insulating material 106 (the state of the drawing on the upper side in FIG. 5 ).
- the barrier mold layer 116 is made of an insulating material.
- a material having a weight density different from that of the insulating material 106 below the barrier mold layer 116 is used for the barrier mold layer 116 such that a friction force during polishing becomes different between the barrier mold layer 116 and the insulating material 106 .
- the barrier mold layer 116 can be formed as a layer thinner than the layer of the insulating material 106 .
- the barrier mold layer 116 can be formed so as to have a thickness around 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- a pattern for wiring on the barrier mold layer 116 is formed. As the pattern for wiring, formation of the via 110 for longitudinal wiring, formation of the pattern 112 for lateral wiring, and the like are performed by exposure, etching, and the like.
- the metal layer 114 such as copper, is formed on the pattern-formed insulating material 106 . Afterwards, an unnecessary part of the metal layer 114 is removed through polishing.
- the drawing on the lower side in FIG. 5 illustrates a state of removing the metal layer 114 .
- the polishing of the metal layer 114 can be performed by CMP. In the polishing of the metal layer 114 by CMP, when the metal layer 114 is removed and the barrier mold layer 116 is exposed, a polishing resistance changes. Therefore, the change in polishing resistance can be used for the end point sensing of polishing to remove the metal layer 114 by CMP.
- the excessive polishing removes the barrier mold layer 116 , the insulating material 106 , which is disposed further below the barrier mold layer 116 , is exposed, and thus the polishing resistance changes further. Therefore, the excessive polishing can be sensed from the change in polishing resistance at the change from the barrier mold layer 116 to the insulating material 106 .
- FIG. 6 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- the insulating material 106 is polished up to the polishing target position 108 by the method similar to the methods of the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 .
- a pattern for wiring is formed on the flattened insulating material 106 afterwards.
- formation of the via 110 for longitudinal wiring, formation of the pattern 112 for lateral wiring, and the like are performed by exposure, etching, and the like (the state of FIG. 6 ). Afterwards, exposure of light and laser improves hydrophilicity of the surface of the insulating material 106 .
- This process ensures improving close contact of the metal layer 114 as a conductive material performed thereafter.
- the formation of the metal layer 114 and the like subsequent to this can be performed similarly to the embodiment described in FIG. 4 .
- the process of improving hydrophilicity may be added to the embodiment described in FIG. 5 or other embodiments.
- FIG. 7 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- the substrate includes the Copper Clad Laminate (CCL) base 100 including a penetration wiring 150 .
- the CCL base 100 including the penetration wiring 150 is flattened by, for example, CMP.
- the end point sensing element 200 is disposed on the flattened top surface of the CCL base 100 .
- the end point sensing element 200 is the reflective plate 204 .
- the reflective plate 204 can be fixed on the CCL base 100 using, for example, an adhesive. Afterwards, the CCL base 100 on which the reflective plate 204 is disposed is sealed with the insulating material 106 .
- the insulating material 106 can be, for example, resin and a glass material as already described. After the sealing with the insulating material 106 , the insulating material 106 is polished such that the insulating material 106 becomes flat. The end point sensing of the polishing of the insulating material 106 can be performed by detection of the reflected light of the light or the laser by the sensor as already described in FIGS. 1 , 2 , and the like.
- the reflective plate 204 can be disposed at any position in the embodiment of FIG. 7 , the reflective plate 204 needs to be disposed at a position where the reflective plate 204 does not hinder the other functional chips and the like. A plurality of the reflective plates 204 may be disposed. In the embodiment of FIG. 7 , instead of the reflective plate 204 , the dummy element 206 illustrated in FIG. 3 may be disposed.
- FIG. 8 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a method when a wiring layer is formed on the flattened insulating material 106 and the wiring layer is polished.
- the insulating material 106 is polished up to the polishing target position 108 by the method similar to the method of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- a pattern for wiring is formed on the flattened insulating material 106 afterwards.
- formation of the via 110 for longitudinal wiring, formation of the pattern 112 for lateral wiring, and the like are performed by exposure, etching, and the like.
- the metal layer 114 a conductive material such as copper, is formed on the pattern-formed insulating material 106 (the state illustrated in the drawing on the upper side in FIG. 8 ). Afterwards, an unnecessary part of the metal layer 114 is removed through polishing.
- the polishing of the metal layer 114 can be performed by CMP. The polishing of the metal layer 114 can be performed similarly to the polishing described in the embodiment of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 9 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a method when layers of a plurality of the insulating materials 106 including wiring layers are formed.
- a first layer C1 of the insulating material 106 formed on the CCL base 100 can be formed by the method similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 .
- the reflective plate 204 is fixed to the flattened top surface of the first layer C1.
- the reflective plate 204 can be fixed to the top surface of the first layer C1 using, for example, an adhesive.
- the insulating material 106 is formed, and, as described in FIG.
- the pattern for wiring is formed, the metal layer 114 is formed, and the metal layer 114 is polished, thus forming a second layer C2.
- a third layer C3 can be similarly formed.
- the number of layers of the insulating materials 106 including the wiring layers can be formed by any given number.
- the functional chips such as the logic chip 102 and the memory chip 104 , are disposed on the third layer C3. As illustrated in FIG. 9 , a wiring between these functional chips may be performed with an interconnection chip 118 and an interposer.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an example of mounting the wirings and the functional chips only on one side surface of the CCL base 100 , as another embodiment, the wirings and the functional chips may be mounted on both surfaces of the CCL base 100 .
- a longitudinal wiring for taking out the wiring from the interposer and the interconnection chip 118 to outside a package mold may be formed.
- the longitudinal wiring can be formed by any method, and, for example, can be performed by the methods disclosed in this specification.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an example of mounting the wirings and the functional chips on both surfaces of the CCL base 100 and includes longitudinal wirings 120 for taking out the wirings from the interconnection chips 118 to outside the package mold.
- the package illustrated in FIG. 10 can be formed by a combination of the methods disclosed in this specification.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a configuration of the CMP apparatus 300 according to one embodiment.
- the CMP apparatus 300 includes a substrate holding head 21 , a bearing ball 3 , a head shaft 2 , a polishing plate 38 , a polishing cloth 39 , a first air supply line 36 , a second air supply line 62 , a first air regulator R1, a second air regulator R2, a pure water supply line 46 , and a pure water regulator R4.
- the polishing device 1 further includes a head fixing member 4 , a connecting shaft 48 , an air cylinder 5 , a piston 14 , a third air supply line 51 , a third air regulator R3, a rotation pipe 6 , a timing pulley 7 , a timing belt 8 , a timing pulley 10 , a motor 9 , an abrasive liquid supply nozzle 13 , and the like.
- the substrate holding head 21 is engaged with the head shaft 2 via the bearing ball 3 .
- the head shaft 2 is engaged with the head fixing member 4 via a bearing (not illustrated) to be movable up and down and rotatably, and connected to the piston 14 in the air cylinder 5 via a connecting shaft 48 and a connecting rod 61 .
- the air cylinder 5 is connected to the third air supply line 51 .
- the third air supply line 51 is connected to a compressed air source 42 via a third valve V 3 and a third air regulator R3.
- a pressure of the air cylinder 5 is regulated to be a predetermined pressure by the third air regulator R3.
- the pressure of the air cylinder 5 causes the piston 14 to move up and down, the up-down movement of the piston 14 causes the connecting shaft 48 and the substrate holding head shaft 2 to move up and down via the connecting rod 61 to separate a substrate W held to a lower surface of the substrate holding head 21 from the polishing plate 38 or push the substrate W to the polishing plate 38 .
- a top surface of the substrate holding head 21 and a lower end surface of the head shaft 2 form a ball bearing housing the bearing ball 3 .
- the substrate holding head 21 is tiltable around the bearing ball 3 with respect to the polishing plate 38 or the polishing cloth 39 via the bearing ball 3 .
- the bearing ball 3 is positioned at the center of the head shaft 2 .
- the rotation pipe 6 is mounted to the head shaft 2 , and the rotation pipe 6 includes the timing pulley 7 on its outer periphery.
- the timing pulley 7 is connected to the timing pulley 10 disposed on the motor 9 fixed to the head fixing member 4 (also referred to as an arm) via the timing belt 8 . Accordingly, by rotatably driving the motor 9 , the rotation pipe 6 and the head shaft 2 are integrally rotated via the timing belt 8 and the timing pulley 7 , and the rotation of the head shaft 2 rotates the substrate holding head 21 .
- the head fixing member 4 has one end swingably supported by a swing shaft 64 . The rotation from the head shaft 2 is not transmitted to the connecting shaft 48 .
- the CMP apparatus 300 includes a control device 900 , and various sensors and an operation mechanism disposed in the CMP apparatus 300 can be controlled by the control device 900 .
- the control device 900 can include a general computer including an input/output device, an arithmetic device, a storage device, and the like.
- a computer program to operate the methods described in this specification is installed on the control device 900 .
- This computer program may be stored in a non-volatile recording medium, and the program may be delivered to the computer by various communications technologies.
- the substrate to be polished is held to the lower surface of the substrate holding head 21 by vacuum suction.
- the polishing plate 38 is disposed on the lower side in the vertical direction of the substrate holding head 21 .
- the polishing cloth 39 is pasted to the top surface of the polishing plate 38 .
- the polishing cloth 39 is configured so as to be in contact with a polished surface of the substrate. In the polishing cloth 39 , the surface in contact with the polished surface of the substrate W is the polished surface.
- the substrate holding head 21 is connected to the air supply line 62 .
- the air supply line 62 is connected to the compressed air source 42 via a valve V 2 and the air regulator R2, and connected to a vacuum exhaust source 49 via a valve V 0 .
- a desired pressure can be given to a back surface of the substrate (a surface on the side opposite to the polished surface) held to the substrate holding head 21 , and this pressure pushes the substrate to the polishing plate 38 .
- the back surface of the substrate held to the substrate holding head 21 can be vacuumized, and the vacuum suction of the substrate W to the substrate holding head 21 can be performed.
- the polishing plate 38 can include a sensor to sense the end point of the polishing of the substrate.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a part of the polishing plate 38 where the sensor 304 is disposed.
- the sensor 304 illustrated in FIG. 12 is an optical sensor, and the light source 302 is further disposed in the polishing plate 38 .
- the sensor 304 and the light source 302 are configured to perform wired or wireless communications with the control device 900 ( FIG. 11 ).
- a cutout 39 - 2 is provided in a part of the polishing cloth 39 .
- a view port 306 is disposed at a position of the cutout 39 - 2 .
- the light source 302 irradiates the substrate during polishing with light via the view port 306 , and the sensor 304 can sense the reflected light from the substrate.
- the end point of the polishing of the substrate can be sensed from a change in reflectance of the substrate during polishing and the like.
- the sensor 304 can be one including a spectroscope, such as Fabry-Perot spectroscope. Additionally, with the use of a fiber sensor as the sensor 304 , a plurality of the sensors 304 and the light sources 302 may be disposed in the polishing plate 38 .
- the sensors 304 and the light sources 302 may be disposed at the center and the peripheral portion of the polishing plate 38 , and the end point of the polishing of the substrate W may be determined by monitoring signals from both of the sensors 304 and the light sources 302 .
- the use of the plurality of sensors 304 and light sources 302 ensures monitoring a film thickness at a plurality of areas of the polished surface of the substrate W. Polishing conditions can be regulated based on the signals from the plurality of sensors 304 such that end points of polishing of the plurality of areas of the substrate W become the same timing.
- the CMP apparatus 300 illustrated in FIG. 11 and an end point sensing sensor illustrated in FIG. 12 can be used for the above-described methods for polishing the substrate and methods for sensing the end point of substrate polishing. Additionally, the CMP apparatus 300 illustrated in FIG. 11 and the end point sensing sensor illustrated in FIG. 12 can be used for a method for sensing an end point of substrate polishing by another method. The following describes some methods for sensing the end point of substrate polishing.
- FIG. 13 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.
- the logic chip 102 such as a CPU and a GPU, and/or the memory chip 104 , and the like are disposed on the Copper Clad Laminate (CCL) base 100 .
- the end point sensing element 200 such as the reflective film 202 , is not disposed on the substrate illustrated in FIG. 13 .
- the CCL base 100 on which the functional chips 102 and 104 are mounted is sealed with the insulating material 106 .
- the insulating material 106 can be, for example, resin and a glass material. After the sealing with the insulating material 106 , the insulating material 106 is polished such that the insulating material 106 becomes flat.
- the polishing of the insulating material 106 can be chemomechanically polished (CMP).
- CMP chemomechanically polished
- the polishing can be performed using the CMP apparatus 300 including the optical end point sensing sensor illustrated in FIG. 12 .
- the light source 302 irradiates the surface of the chip at the highest position among the functional chips 102 and 104 with light, and the sensor 304 receives the reflected light.
- the sensor 304 receives the reflected light. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
- the reflected light can be dispersed to measure the thickness of the insulating material 106 from a relative reflectance of each wavelength of the reflected light.
- the light irradiated from the light source 302 to the insulating material 106 on the substrate is reflected by the surface of the insulating material 106 and also reflected by the surface of the functional chip at the highest position (the memory chip 104 in the example of FIG. 13 ).
- An interference of the lights reflected at the different positions changes the relative reflectance of each wavelength of the lights detected by the sensor 304 according to the thickness of the insulating material 106 . Therefore, the detection of the relative reflectance allows measuring the thickness of the insulating material 106 on the functional chip 102 or 104 .
- the light source 302 and the sensor 304 illustrated in FIG. 12 can be used as the end point sensing sensors of the substrate during polishing.
- the end point position of the insulating material 106 is preferably, for example, ⁇ 10 ⁇ m or less from the polishing target position 108 .
- the polishing target position 108 can be set to, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m from the top surface of the chip 104 at the uppermost position.
- a Fabry-Perot spectroscope or the like can be used as the spectroscope. Any light source, such as a laser diode and an LED, can be used as the light source 302 .
- the wavelength range of the light source 302 can include, for example, 500 nm to 800 nm.
- a wavelength range from 200 nm to 500 nm, which is a short wavelength can also be used according to the film thickness and a film type of the insulating material 106 , the target for irradiation, and the like.
- the measurement of the intensity of the light also allows sensing the end point of substrate polishing.
- the light source 302 irradiates the functional chip 102 or 104 at the highest position on the substrate with light and the sensor 304 senses the reflected light.
- the intensity of the reflected light changes depending on the thickness of the insulating material 106 disposed on the functional chip 102 or 104 . Accordingly, by preliminarily measuring the intensity of the reflected light when the thickness of the insulating material 106 reaches the polishing target position 108 by preliminary experiment, the light source 302 and the sensor 304 illustrated in FIG.
- the end point sensing sensors of the substrate during polishing can be used as the end point sensing sensors of the substrate during polishing.
- a spectroscope is unnecessary different from the case where the above-described relative reflectance is measured for end point sensing.
- an integration of all wavelength components is measured as the intensity of the reflected light.
- the intensity of the reflected light at a specific wavelength for example, any wavelength of 500 nm or less
- any light source such as a laser diode and an LED, can be used as the light source 302 .
- the light source 302 preferably includes a wavelength range (for example, a wavelength of 500 nm or less) where the reflectance at the surface (for example, silicon) of the functional chip 102 or 104 is high. Additionally, as the light source 302 , a monochromatic light source at a specific wavelength (for example, any wavelength of 500 nm or less) may be used.
- infrared light (for example, the wavelength of 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m) can be used as the light source 302 and the thickness of the insulating material 106 and the end point of polishing can be sensed using an infrared spectroscope.
- a reflectance of the infrared light at the surface of the functional chip 102 or 104 is different from a reflectance of the infrared light at the surface of the insulating material 106 (for example, resin). Therefore, depending on the thickness of the insulating material 106 formed on the functional chip 102 or 104 , spectral intensity of the reflected light received by the sensor 304 changes. Thus, the thickness of the insulating material 106 can be detected by the spectrum change of the reflected light.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a part of the polishing plate 38 where the sensor 304 is disposed.
- the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 14 includes two light sources 302 a and 302 b .
- the respective light sources 302 a and 302 b are positioned so as to irradiate the surface of the substrate (not illustrated) during polishing with light.
- the sensor 304 is positioned so as to receive scattered light of the light irradiated to the substrate.
- the end point detection mechanism according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 14 may include a spectroscope.
- the sensor 304 and the light source 302 are configured to perform wired or wireless communications with the control device 900 ( FIG.
- the cutout 39 - 2 is provided in a part of the polishing cloth 39 .
- the view port 306 is disposed at a position of the cutout 39 - 2 .
- the light source 302 irradiates the substrate during polishing with light via the view port 306
- the sensor 304 can sense the scattered light from the substrate.
- the view port 306 may be absent. In such a case, the detection can be performed while pure water is supplied to a depressed portion of the polishing plate 38 where the light sources 302 a and 302 b and the sensor 304 are disposed.
- the end point detection mechanism according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 14 can be used for the above-described polishing methods and end point sensing.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a part of the polishing plate 38 where the sensor 304 is disposed.
- the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 15 includes the one light source 302 , a first sensor 304 a , and a second sensor 304 b .
- the light source 302 is positioned so as to irradiate the substrate with light at an angle at which the light is totally reflected by the surface of the substrate.
- the second sensor 304 b is positioned so as to receive the totally reflected light.
- the first sensor 304 a is positioned so as to receive the scattered light on the surface of the substrate.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a part of the polishing plate 38 where the sensor 304 is disposed.
- the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 15 includes the one light source 302 , a first sensor 304 a , and a second sensor 304 b .
- the light source 302 and the second sensor 304 b can include driving mechanisms (not illustrated) configured to adjust an incidence angle of light to the surface of the substrate.
- the end point detection mechanism using the total reflection illustrated in FIG. 15 is usable when the material changes at the target polishing position.
- the end point detection mechanism is usable to remove the metal layer 114 stacked on the insulating material 106 .
- a total reflection angle at the metal layer 114 and a total reflection angle when the metal layer 114 is removed and the insulating material 106 disposed below the metal layer 114 is exposed are different. This allows a detection of the removal of the metal layer 114 from the change in light intensity of the received light.
- the totally reflected light may be measured by the second sensor 304 b , or the scattered light may be measured by the first sensor 304 a , or both may be measured.
- the view port 306 as illustrated in FIG. 14 does not exist. This is because of preventing the total reflection of light by the surface of the view port 306 .
- the detection can be performed while pure water is supplied to the depressed portion of the polishing plate 38 where the light source 302 and the sensors 304 a and 304 b are disposed.
- a relationship between a refractive index A of a medium in contact with the surface of the target for polishing, such as water or pure water, and a refractive index B of the surface of the substrate, such as the insulating material 106 needs to meet: refractive index A > refractive index B.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a part of the polishing plate 38 where the sensor 304 is disposed.
- the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 16 uses the total reflection similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 15 .
- the light irradiated from the light source 302 is reflected by a first mirror 308 a and guided to the surface of the substrate.
- the first mirror 308 a is positioned so as to orient the light to the substrate at an angle at which the light is totally reflected by the surface of the substrate.
- the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 16 includes a second mirror 308 b .
- the second mirror 308 b is positioned so as to guide the light totally reflected by the surface of the substrate during polishing to the second sensor 304 b .
- the first mirror 308 a and the second mirror 308 b can include driving mechanisms (not illustrated) configured to adjust an incidence angle of light to the surface of the substrate.
- Other configurations of the end point detection mechanism of FIG. 16 can be configured similarly to the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 15 .
- the end point detection mechanism using the total reflection illustrated in FIG. 16 is usable when the material changes at the target polishing position, similarly to the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 15 .
- FIG. 17 A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 17 A illustrates a part of the polishing plate 38 where the sensor 304 is disposed, for clarification, the polishing plate 38 and the polishing cloth 39 are not illustrated.
- the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 17 A similarly to the other optical end point detection mechanisms, includes the light source 302 and the sensor 304 .
- the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 17 A further includes an adapter 310 .
- the adapter 310 can be made of a high refractive index material, such as an optical plastic.
- a refractive index of the adapter 310 is preferably larger than the refractive index of the insulating material 106 on the surface of the substrate as the target for polishing.
- the adapter 310 can be formed into a block having an approximately rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the adapter 310 can be disposed so as to be in contact with or close to the surface of the substrate as the target for polishing.
- the adapter 310 includes a first optical fiber 312 a and a second optical fiber 312 b .
- the first optical fiber 312 a and the light source 302 are disposed such that the first optical fiber 312 a receives the light from the light source 302 .
- the second optical fiber 312 b is disposed so as to receive the light left from the first optical fiber 312 a and reflected by a boundary between the adapter 310 and the surface of the substrate.
- the second optical fiber 312 b and the sensor 304 are disposed such that the sensor 304 receives the light left from the second optical fiber 312 b .
- the first optical fiber 312 a and the second optical fiber 312 b may be configured as optical fibers having identical apertures or may be configured as optical fibers having different apertures.
- the second optical fiber 312 b may be configured as an optical fiber having the aperture larger than that of the first optical fiber 312 a .
- an array type optical sensor for example, a photodiode array may be built into the adapter 310 .
- the light source 302 , the sensor 304 , and the adapter 310 are configured to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate while holding the relative positions.
- these units are mounted to the polishing plate 38 with a moving mechanism (not illustrated).
- FIG. 17 B is a drawing of enlarging a part near the adapter 310 of the optical end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 17 A .
- the first optical fiber 312 a is disposed such that the light left from the first optical fiber 312 a enters a boundary surface of the adapter 310 at an incident angle ⁇ .
- the incident angle ⁇ is set to be larger than a critical angle ⁇ 1 determined by the refractive index of the adapter 310 and a refractive index of water or pure water, and smaller than a critical angle ⁇ 2 determined by the refractive index of the adapter 310 and a refractive index of a material of the surface of the substrate (for example, the insulating material 106 ) as the target for polishing.
- the end point of substrate polishing can be detected using the optical end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 17 A as follows.
- the logic chip 102 such as a CPU and a GPU, and/or the functional chip, such as the memory chip 104 , are disposed on the Copper Clad Laminate (CCL) base 100 .
- the CCL base 100 on which these functional chips 102 and 104 are disposed is sealed with the insulating material 106 .
- the insulating material 106 can be, for example, resin and a glass material. The following describes a method for polishing the insulating material 106 up to the polishing target position 108 using the end point detection mechanism illustrated in FIG. 17 A .
- the adapter 310 is moved in the direction of the substrate until in contact with the surface of the substrate.
- a position of the adapter 310 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate is fixed.
- the surface of the substrate is roughly polished in this state, thus flattening the surface of the substrate.
- the adapter 310 is moved toward the substrate again such that the adapter 310 is in close contact with the flattened surface of the substrate.
- An amount of polishing by the rough polishing can be calculated from the moving distance of the adapter 310 .
- a distance between the position of the adapter 310 and the flattened surface of the substrate at the start of rough polishing may be measured by another method to calculate the amount of polishing of the rough polishing.
- FIGS. 17 A and 17 B illustrate the state. Polishing is additionally performed in this state.
- the light source 302 irradiates the surface of the substrate with light through the first optical fiber 312 a .
- the detection of the reflected light passing through the second optical fiber 312 b by the sensor 304 ensures measuring the amount of polishing of the substrate.
- the adapter 310 in a state of starting polishing, the adapter 310 is in contact with the insulating material 106 on the surface of the substrate.
- the light enters the insulating material 106 from the adapter 310 at the incident angle ⁇ .
- the incident angle ⁇ is smaller than the critical angle ⁇ 2 , which is determined by the refractive index of the adapter 310 and the refractive index of the insulating material 106 ; therefore, the light is not totally reflected by the surface of the insulating material 106 .
- a clearance is generated between the insulating material 106 on the surface of the substrate and the adapter 310 . As the polishing proceeds, polishing liquid and pure water enter this clearance.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the light is larger than the critical angle ⁇ 1 , which is determined by the refractive index of the adapter 310 and the refractive index of water or pure water; therefore, the light is totally reflected by the boundary between the adapter 310 and the pure water. Accordingly, as the polishing proceeds, the intensity of the reflected light detected by the sensor 304 increases. By preliminarily calibrating a relationship between the amount of polishing and the intensity of the reflected light when the reflection transitions from partial reflection to the total reflection, the amount of polishing can be determined from the change in intensity of the reflected light detected by the sensor 304 .
- the insulating material 106 can be polished up to the polishing target position 108 . Note that the above-described end point detection of polishing is similarly applicable also to a case where the target for polishing is a semiconductor material, such as Si and SiO2, in addition to the insulating material 106 described above.
Abstract
To terminate polishing at an appropriate position, an end point position of the polishing is sensed. According to one embodiment, a method that chemomechanically polishes a substrate including a functional chip is provided. The method includes: a step of disposing the functional chip on the substrate; a step of disposing an end point sensing element on the substrate; a step of sealing the substrate on which the functional chip and the end point sensing element are disposed with an insulating material; a step of polishing the insulating material; and a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished.
Description
- This application is a divisional application of U.S. Pat. Application No. 16/643,124 filed Feb. 28, 2020, which is a U.S. National Phase Application of International Pat. Application No. PCT/JP2018/030894 filed Aug. 22, 2018, which claims benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2017/170302 filed Sep. 5, 2017, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present invention relates to a method for polishing a substrate including a functional chip.
- To achieve downsizing and improved performance of electronics products, a three-dimensional mounting technology that piles up a plurality of semiconductor chips in multi-layer and produces one package has been gathering attention. There has been also invented a three-dimensional mounting technology that stacks thin-plated semiconductor chips having similar functions or thin-plated semiconductor chips having different functions for improved integration and achieves high-density mounting of the semiconductor chips by providing electrical connections between the respective semiconductor chips. There may be a case where an interposer and an interconnection chip are used in a package having a three-dimensional structure for electrical connection between the semiconductor chips. For formation of a three-dimensional wiring structure, there may be a case where a layer on which a semiconductor chip is disposed is sealed with an insulating material and a next wiring structure is formed on the insulating material.
- PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-287803
- As described above, to form the three-dimensional wiring structure including the embedded chip, there may be a case where the wiring structure is formed on the insulating material. Therefore, a surface of the insulating material needs to be flattened. A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) to flatten the surface of the insulating material can be used. With the use of the CMP for polishing the insulating material, to terminate the polishing at an appropriate position, an end point position of the polishing needs to be sensed. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for polishing an insulating material.
- According to the
configuration 1, a method that chemomechanically polishes a substrate including a functional chip is provided. The method includes: a step of disposing the functional chip on the substrate; a step of disposing an end point sensing element on the substrate; a step of sealing the substrate on which the functional chip and the end point sensing element are disposed with an insulating material; a step of polishing the insulating material; and a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished. - According to the configuration 2, in the method according to the
configuration 1, the end point sensing element includes a reflection element. The method includes: a step of irradiating the reflection element with light; and a step of receiving light reflected by the reflection element. - According to the
configuration 3, in the method according to theconfiguration 1 or the configuration 2, the method includes a step of fixing the end point sensing element to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive. - According to the configuration 4, in the method according to any one of the configurations of the
configuration 1 to theconfiguration 3, the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate. - According to the
configuration 5, in the method according to any one of the configurations of theconfiguration 1 to the configuration 4, the method includes: a step of forming a metal layer on the insulating material; and a step of polishing the metal layer. When the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of: (1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor; (2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and (3) a change in polishing resistance. - According to the configuration 6, in the method according to any one of the configurations of the
configuration 1 to the configuration 4, the method includes: a step of forming a barrier mold layer on the insulating material; and a step of forming a metal layer on the barrier mold layer. When the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of: (1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor; (2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and (3) a change in polishing resistance. - According to the configuration 7, in the method according to any one of the configurations of the
configuration 1 to the configuration 6, the method includes: a step of performing a process for wiring on the insulating material after the insulating material is polished; and a step of performing a surface treatment to improve hydrophilicity on a processed surface of the insulating material. - According to the configuration 8, a method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip is provided. The functional chip and an end point sensing element are disposed on the substrate, and the substrate is in a state of sealed with an insulating material. The method includes: a step of polishing the insulating material; and a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished.
- According to the configuration 9, in the method according to the configuration 8, the end point sensing element includes a reflection element. The method includes: a step of irradiating the reflection element with light; and a step of receiving light reflected by the reflection element.
- According to the
configuration 10, in the method according to the configuration 8 or the configuration 9, the end point sensing element is fixed to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive. - According to the configuration 11, in the method according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 8 to the
configuration 10, the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate. - According to the configuration 12, in the method according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 8 to the configuration 11, the substrate is in a state where a metal layer is formed on the insulating material. The method includes a step of polishing the metal layer. When the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of: (1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor; (2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and (3) a change in polishing resistance.
- According to the
configuration 13, in the method according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 8 to the configuration 11, the substrate is in a state where a barrier mold layer is formed on the insulating material and further a metal layer is formed on the barrier mold layer. When the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of: (1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor; (2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and (3) a change in polishing resistance. - According to the configuration 14, a method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip sealed with an insulating material is provided. The method includes: a step of irradiating a top surface of the functional chip with light through the insulating material; a step of receiving light reflected by the top surface of the functional chip; and a step of determining an end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in the received light.
- According to the configuration 15, in the method according to the configuration 14, the method further includes: a step of dispersing the light reflected by the top surface of the functional chip; and a step of determining the end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in relative reflectance of each wavelength of the light reflected by the top surface of the functional chip.
- According to the configuration 16, in the method according to the configuration 15, the light to be irradiated has a wavelength of a visible light area or an infrared light area.
- According to the configuration 17, in the method according to the configuration 14, the method includes a step of determining the end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in intensity of the received light.
- According to the configuration 18, a method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip sealed with an insulating material is provided. The method includes: a step of irradiating the substrate with light such that the light is totally reflected by a surface of the substrate; a step of receiving light totally reflected by the surface of the substrate; and a step of determining an end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in the received light.
- According to the configuration 19, a computer-readable recording medium that records a program is provided. When the program is executed by a control device to control an operation of a substrate polishing apparatus, the program causing the control device to control the substrate polishing apparatus and to execute the method according to any one of the configurations of the
configuration 1 to the configuration 18. - According to the configuration 20, a program that causes a control device including a computer to execute the method according to any one of the configurations of the
configuration 1 to the configuration 18 is provided. - According to the configuration 21, a substrate is provided. The substrate includes a functional chip, an insulating material, and an end point sensing element. The insulating material covers the functional chip.
- According to the configuration 22, in the substrate according to the configuration 21, the end point sensing element includes a reflection element.
- According to the configuration 23, in the substrate according to the configuration 20 or the configuration 21, the end point sensing element is fixed to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive.
- According to the configuration 24, in the substrate according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 21 to the configuration 23, the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate.
- According to the
configuration 25, in the substrate according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 21 to the configuration 24, a metal layer is formed on the insulating material. - According to the configuration 26, in the substrate according to any one of the configurations of the configuration 21 to the configuration 24, a barrier mold layer is formed on the insulating material, and a metal layer is further formed on the barrier mold layer.
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FIG. 1 is a drawing describing a method for polishing a substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 2 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 3 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 4 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 5 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 6 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 7 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 8 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 9 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 10 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a configuration of a CMP apparatus according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 13 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 17B is a drawing of enlarging a part near an adapter of the optical end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 17A . -
FIG. 17C is a drawing of enlarging a part near the adapter of the optical end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 17A . - The following describes embodiments of a method for polishing a substrate including a functional chip according to the present invention with reference to the attached drawings. In the attached drawings, identical or similar reference numerals are given to identical or similar components, and overlapping description regarding the identical or similar components may be omitted in the description of the respective embodiments. Features shown in the respective embodiments are applicable to other embodiments in so far as they are consistent with one another.
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FIG. 1 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1 , in a substrate, alogic chip 102, such as a CPU and a GPU, and/or amemory chip 104, and the like are disposed on a Copper Clad Laminate (CCL)base 100. In this specification, chips including predetermined functions, such as the logic chip and the memory chip, will be referred to as functional chips. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1 , among thefunctional chips CCL base 100. In the embodiment ofFIG. 1 , the end point sensing element 200 is a reflective film 202 disposed on thememory chip 104. The reflective film 202 can be, for example, a coating of a metal film applied on a top surface of the functional chip. After disposing thefunctional chips CCL base 100, theCCL base 100 on which thefunctional chips material 106. The insulatingmaterial 106 can be, for example, resin and a glass material. After the sealing with the insulatingmaterial 106, the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished such that the insulatingmaterial 106 becomes flat. Thereafter, fine lateral wiring and/or longitudinal wiring is performed on the insulatingmaterial 106; therefore, polishing the insulatingmaterial 106 to be flat is important. The polishing of the insulatingmaterial 106 can be chemomechanically polished (CMP). The CMP can use a general CMP apparatus. Any CMP apparatus can be used, and, for example, the known CMP apparatus may be used. When the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished by CMP, an end point of the polishing can be sensed using the end point sensing element 200. In the embodiment ofFIG. 1 , since the end point sensing element 200 is the reflective film 202, the end point sensing can be optically performed. For example, aCMP apparatus 300 includes alight source 302 to irradiate the reflective film 202 with light, such as a laser, and includes asensor 304 to receive reflected light from the reflective film 202. A distance from the reflective film 202 is measured with the reflected light from the reflective film 202, the polishing is performed up to a polishingtarget position 108, and the polishing is terminated. An end point position of the insulatingmaterial 106 is preferably, for example, ±10 µm or less from the polishingtarget position 108. The polishingtarget position 108 can be set to, for example, 10 µm to 500 µm from the top surface of the chip at the uppermost position where the reflective film 202 is disposed. - While the reflective film 202 is used as the end point sensing element 200 in the above-described embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 1 , as another embodiment, a fluorescent material, resin containing a fluorescent material, or the like can be used instead of the reflective film 202. The fluorescent material or the resin containing the fluorescent material may be applied over only the surface on the upper side of the functional chip at the highest position from the surface of theCCL base 100 as illustrated inFIG. 1 . Alternatively, after disposing thefunctional chips CCL base 100, the fluorescent material or the resin may be applied over the whole surface of the substrate. In the case where the fluorescent material or the resin containing the fluorescent material is applied over the surface on the upper side of thefunctional chip material 106. In such an embodiment, thelight source 302 selects a light having a wavelength causing the fluorescent material to generate fluorescent light. Thesensor 304 measures intensity of the fluorescent light from the fluorescent material applied over the top surface of the functional chip at the highest position. The intensity of the fluorescent light changes depending on a thickness of the insulatingmaterial 106 disposed on the fluorescent material. Therefore, the thickness of the insulatingmaterial 106 can be detected from the detected intensity of the fluorescent light, and the end point of the polishing of the insulatingmaterial 106 can be sensed. Note that a wavelength filter can be used to detect only the fluorescent wavelength by thesensor 304. Alternatively, the intensity of the fluorescent wavelength may be detected using a spectroscope. -
FIG. 2 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. In the embodiment ofFIG. 2 , a reflective plate 204 as the end point sensing element 200 is fixed to the surface on the upper side of thefunctional chip CCL base 100 among thefunctional chips functional chip FIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 3 , in the substrate, thelogic chip 102, such as a CPU and a GPU, and/or thememory chip 104, and the like are disposed on the Copper Clad Laminate (CCL)base 100. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 3 , separately from thefunctional chips CCL base 100. The top surface of the dummy element 206 may be configured as the reflective film 202 as in the embodiment ofFIG. 1 , or the reflective plate 204 as in the embodiment ofFIG. 2 may be mounted to the top surface of the dummy element 206. The dummy element 206 can be mounted to theCCL base 100 with an adhesive. Alternatively, the dummy element 206 may be adhered with a bump similarly to the otherfunctional chips functional chips functional chips functional chips CCL base 100, theCCL base 100 on which thefunctional chips material 106. The insulatingmaterial 106 can be, for example, resin and a glass material. After the sealing with the insulatingmaterial 106, the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished such that the insulatingmaterial 106 becomes flat. The polishing of the insulatingmaterial 106 can be chemomechanically polished (CMP). The CMP can use a general CMP apparatus. Any CMP apparatus can be used, and, for example, the known CMP apparatus may be used. When the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished by CMP, an end point of the polishing can be sensed using the dummy element 206 as the end point sensing element 200. In the embodiment ofFIG. 3 , since the top surface of the dummy element 206 is the reflective film 202 or the reflective plate 204, the end point sensing can be optically performed as described above. As the polishingtarget position 108, for example, as illustrated inFIG. 3 , a distance L1 from the top surface of the functional chip at the highest position from the surface of theCCL base 100 is determined. A height difference L3 between the top surface of the functional chip at the highest position from the surface of theCCL base 100 and the top surface of the dummy element 206 is preliminarily measured. The height difference L3 can be measured with any position sensor, a confocal microscope, or the like after disposing thefunctional chips CCL base 100 and before molding with the insulatingmaterial 106. A distance L2 between the top surface of the dummy element 206 and the polishingtarget position 108 is calculated such that the polishingtarget position 108 becomes L1. When the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished, polishing the insulatingmaterial 106 until a distance from the top surface of the dummy element 206 to the surface of the insulatingmaterial 106 becomes L2 ensures polishing the insulatingmaterial 106 up to the polishingtarget position 108. The polishingtarget position 108 as the end point can be set to, for example, 10 µm to 500 µm from the top surface of the chip at the uppermost position where the reflective film 202 is disposed. -
FIG. 4 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.FIG. 4 illustrates a method when a wiring layer is formed on the flattened insulatingmaterial 106 and the wiring layer is polished. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 4 , the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished up to the polishingtarget position 108 by the method similar to the methods of the embodiments illustrated inFIG. 1 toFIG. 3 . In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 4 , a pattern for wiring is formed on the flattened insulatingmaterial 106 afterwards. As the pattern for wiring, formation of a via 110 for longitudinal wiring, formation of apattern 112 for lateral wiring, and the like are performed by exposure, etching, and the like. Then, for example, ametal layer 114, such as copper, is formed on the pattern-formed insulating material 106 (the state illustrated inFIG. 4 ). Afterwards, an unnecessary part of themetal layer 114 is removed through polishing. The polishing of themetal layer 114 can be performed by CMP. It is important that a metal does not remain on the polished surface after themetal layer 114 is polished in the polishing of themetal layer 114. The presence of the residual metal on the surface of after polishing possibly generates a leak current or causes deterioration of the element. Therefore, regarding the polishingtarget position 108, the polishingtarget position 108 can be determined such that themetal layer 114 is removed and a part of the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished. For example, the polishingtarget position 108 can be set to the insulatingmaterial 106 side by about 5 µm to 10 µm from a boundary surface between themetal layer 114 and a layer of the insulatingmaterial 106. When themetal layer 114 is polished by CMP, the end point sensing of the polishing can be performed through observation of a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor, which detects an eddy current occurred in themetal layer 114. Alternatively, the end point sensing may be performed through observation of a change in reflected light from themetal layer 114 by an optical sensor. Alternatively, the end point sensing can be performed through observation of a change in polishing resistance generated at a part where the material changes from themetal layer 114 to the insulatingmaterial 106 or a change in torque of a driving mechanism of the CMP apparatus. Note that, to avoid generating the residual metal on the surface after polishing, after sensing the boundary of the layers due to the change in layer by polishing, the polishing may be performed for a predetermined period for polishing up to the above-describedpolishing target position 108. Besides, the known end point sensing may be employed. -
FIG. 5 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5 , the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished up to the polishingtarget position 108 by the method similar to the methods of the embodiments illustrated inFIG. 1 toFIG. 3 . In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5 , abarrier mold layer 116 is subsequently formed on the flattened insulating material 106 (the state of the drawing on the upper side inFIG. 5 ). Thebarrier mold layer 116 is made of an insulating material. A material having a weight density different from that of the insulatingmaterial 106 below thebarrier mold layer 116 is used for thebarrier mold layer 116 such that a friction force during polishing becomes different between thebarrier mold layer 116 and the insulatingmaterial 106. Additionally, thebarrier mold layer 116 can be formed as a layer thinner than the layer of the insulatingmaterial 106. For example, thebarrier mold layer 116 can be formed so as to have a thickness around 10 nm to 10 µm. After forming thebarrier mold layer 116, a pattern for wiring on thebarrier mold layer 116 is formed. As the pattern for wiring, formation of the via 110 for longitudinal wiring, formation of thepattern 112 for lateral wiring, and the like are performed by exposure, etching, and the like. Then, for example, themetal layer 114, such as copper, is formed on the pattern-formed insulatingmaterial 106. Afterwards, an unnecessary part of themetal layer 114 is removed through polishing. The drawing on the lower side inFIG. 5 illustrates a state of removing themetal layer 114. The polishing of themetal layer 114 can be performed by CMP. In the polishing of themetal layer 114 by CMP, when themetal layer 114 is removed and thebarrier mold layer 116 is exposed, a polishing resistance changes. Therefore, the change in polishing resistance can be used for the end point sensing of polishing to remove themetal layer 114 by CMP. Additionally, when excessive polishing removes thebarrier mold layer 116, the insulatingmaterial 106, which is disposed further below thebarrier mold layer 116, is exposed, and thus the polishing resistance changes further. Therefore, the excessive polishing can be sensed from the change in polishing resistance at the change from thebarrier mold layer 116 to the insulatingmaterial 106. -
FIG. 6 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5 , the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished up to the polishingtarget position 108 by the method similar to the methods of the embodiments illustrated inFIG. 1 toFIG. 3 . In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 6 , a pattern for wiring is formed on the flattened insulatingmaterial 106 afterwards. As the pattern for wiring, formation of the via 110 for longitudinal wiring, formation of thepattern 112 for lateral wiring, and the like are performed by exposure, etching, and the like (the state ofFIG. 6 ). Afterwards, exposure of light and laser improves hydrophilicity of the surface of the insulatingmaterial 106. This process ensures improving close contact of themetal layer 114 as a conductive material performed thereafter. The formation of themetal layer 114 and the like subsequent to this can be performed similarly to the embodiment described inFIG. 4 . The process of improving hydrophilicity may be added to the embodiment described inFIG. 5 or other embodiments. -
FIG. 7 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. In the embodiment ofFIG. 7 , the substrate includes the Copper Clad Laminate (CCL)base 100 including apenetration wiring 150. TheCCL base 100 including thepenetration wiring 150 is flattened by, for example, CMP. The end point sensing element 200 is disposed on the flattened top surface of theCCL base 100. In the embodiment ofFIG. 7 , the end point sensing element 200 is the reflective plate 204. The reflective plate 204 can be fixed on theCCL base 100 using, for example, an adhesive. Afterwards, theCCL base 100 on which the reflective plate 204 is disposed is sealed with the insulatingmaterial 106. The insulatingmaterial 106 can be, for example, resin and a glass material as already described. After the sealing with the insulatingmaterial 106, the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished such that the insulatingmaterial 106 becomes flat. The end point sensing of the polishing of the insulatingmaterial 106 can be performed by detection of the reflected light of the light or the laser by the sensor as already described inFIGS. 1, 2 , and the like. Although the reflective plate 204 can be disposed at any position in the embodiment ofFIG. 7 , the reflective plate 204 needs to be disposed at a position where the reflective plate 204 does not hinder the other functional chips and the like. A plurality of the reflective plates 204 may be disposed. In the embodiment ofFIG. 7 , instead of the reflective plate 204, the dummy element 206 illustrated inFIG. 3 may be disposed. -
FIG. 8 includes drawings describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.FIG. 8 illustrates a method when a wiring layer is formed on the flattened insulatingmaterial 106 and the wiring layer is polished. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 8 , the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished up to the polishingtarget position 108 by the method similar to the method of the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 7 . In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 8 , a pattern for wiring is formed on the flattened insulatingmaterial 106 afterwards. As the pattern for wiring, formation of the via 110 for longitudinal wiring, formation of thepattern 112 for lateral wiring, and the like are performed by exposure, etching, and the like. Then, for example, themetal layer 114, a conductive material such as copper, is formed on the pattern-formed insulating material 106 (the state illustrated in the drawing on the upper side inFIG. 8 ). Afterwards, an unnecessary part of themetal layer 114 is removed through polishing. The polishing of themetal layer 114 can be performed by CMP. The polishing of themetal layer 114 can be performed similarly to the polishing described in the embodiment ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 9 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment.FIG. 9 illustrates a method when layers of a plurality of the insulatingmaterials 106 including wiring layers are formed. A first layer C1 of the insulatingmaterial 106 formed on theCCL base 100 can be formed by the method similar to the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 8 . Afterwards, the reflective plate 204 is fixed to the flattened top surface of the first layer C1. The reflective plate 204 can be fixed to the top surface of the first layer C1 using, for example, an adhesive. Afterwards, the insulatingmaterial 106 is formed, and, as described inFIG. 8 , further the pattern for wiring is formed, themetal layer 114 is formed, and themetal layer 114 is polished, thus forming a second layer C2. A third layer C3 can be similarly formed. The number of layers of the insulatingmaterials 106 including the wiring layers can be formed by any given number. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 9 , the functional chips, such as thelogic chip 102 and thememory chip 104, are disposed on the third layer C3. As illustrated inFIG. 9 , a wiring between these functional chips may be performed with aninterconnection chip 118 and an interposer. AlthoughFIG. 9 illustrates an example of mounting the wiring and the functional chips only on one side surface of theCCL base 100, as another embodiment, the wirings and the functional chips may be mounted on both surfaces of theCCL base 100. Moreover, a longitudinal wiring for taking out the wiring from the interposer and theinterconnection chip 118 to outside a package mold may be formed. The longitudinal wiring can be formed by any method, and, for example, can be performed by the methods disclosed in this specification.FIG. 10 illustrates an example of mounting the wirings and the functional chips on both surfaces of theCCL base 100 and includeslongitudinal wirings 120 for taking out the wirings from theinterconnection chips 118 to outside the package mold. The package illustrated inFIG. 10 can be formed by a combination of the methods disclosed in this specification. -
FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a configuration of theCMP apparatus 300 according to one embodiment. TheCMP apparatus 300 includes a substrate holding head 21, abearing ball 3, a head shaft 2, a polishingplate 38, a polishingcloth 39, a first air supply line 36, a second air supply line 62, a first air regulator R1, a second air regulator R2, a pure water supply line 46, and a pure water regulator R4. Thepolishing device 1 further includes a head fixing member 4, a connecting shaft 48, anair cylinder 5, a piston 14, a third air supply line 51, a third air regulator R3, a rotation pipe 6, a timing pulley 7, a timing belt 8, a timingpulley 10, a motor 9, an abrasiveliquid supply nozzle 13, and the like. - The substrate holding head 21 is engaged with the head shaft 2 via the
bearing ball 3. The head shaft 2 is engaged with the head fixing member 4 via a bearing (not illustrated) to be movable up and down and rotatably, and connected to the piston 14 in theair cylinder 5 via a connecting shaft 48 and a connecting rod 61. Theair cylinder 5 is connected to the third air supply line 51. The third air supply line 51 is connected to a compressed air source 42 via a third valve V3 and a third air regulator R3. A pressure of theair cylinder 5 is regulated to be a predetermined pressure by the third air regulator R3. - The pressure of the
air cylinder 5 causes the piston 14 to move up and down, the up-down movement of the piston 14 causes the connecting shaft 48 and the substrate holding head shaft 2 to move up and down via the connecting rod 61 to separate a substrate W held to a lower surface of the substrate holding head 21 from the polishingplate 38 or push the substrate W to the polishingplate 38. Furthermore, a top surface of the substrate holding head 21 and a lower end surface of the head shaft 2 form a ball bearing housing thebearing ball 3. The substrate holding head 21 is tiltable around the bearingball 3 with respect to the polishingplate 38 or the polishingcloth 39 via thebearing ball 3. Note that thebearing ball 3 is positioned at the center of the head shaft 2. - The rotation pipe 6 is mounted to the head shaft 2, and the rotation pipe 6 includes the timing pulley 7 on its outer periphery. The timing pulley 7 is connected to the timing
pulley 10 disposed on the motor 9 fixed to the head fixing member 4 (also referred to as an arm) via the timing belt 8. Accordingly, by rotatably driving the motor 9, the rotation pipe 6 and the head shaft 2 are integrally rotated via the timing belt 8 and the timing pulley 7, and the rotation of the head shaft 2 rotates the substrate holding head 21. The head fixing member 4 has one end swingably supported by aswing shaft 64. The rotation from the head shaft 2 is not transmitted to the connecting shaft 48. - The
CMP apparatus 300 includes acontrol device 900, and various sensors and an operation mechanism disposed in theCMP apparatus 300 can be controlled by thecontrol device 900. Thecontrol device 900 can include a general computer including an input/output device, an arithmetic device, a storage device, and the like. A computer program to operate the methods described in this specification is installed on thecontrol device 900. This computer program may be stored in a non-volatile recording medium, and the program may be delivered to the computer by various communications technologies. - In the
CMP apparatus 300 illustrated inFIG. 11 , the substrate to be polished is held to the lower surface of the substrate holding head 21 by vacuum suction. As illustrated inFIG. 11 , the polishingplate 38 is disposed on the lower side in the vertical direction of the substrate holding head 21. The polishingcloth 39 is pasted to the top surface of the polishingplate 38. The polishingcloth 39 is configured so as to be in contact with a polished surface of the substrate. In the polishingcloth 39, the surface in contact with the polished surface of the substrate W is the polished surface. - As illustrated in
FIG. 11 , the substrate holding head 21 is connected to the air supply line 62. The air supply line 62 is connected to the compressed air source 42 via a valve V2 and the air regulator R2, and connected to a vacuum exhaust source 49 via a valve V0. In a state where the valve V0 is closed and the second valve V2 is opened, a desired pressure can be given to a back surface of the substrate (a surface on the side opposite to the polished surface) held to the substrate holding head 21, and this pressure pushes the substrate to the polishingplate 38. Additionally, by opening the valve V0 with the valve V2 closed, the back surface of the substrate held to the substrate holding head 21 can be vacuumized, and the vacuum suction of the substrate W to the substrate holding head 21 can be performed. - In the
CMP apparatus 300 illustrated inFIG. 11 , the polishingplate 38 can include a sensor to sense the end point of the polishing of the substrate.FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.FIG. 12 illustrates a part of the polishingplate 38 where thesensor 304 is disposed. Thesensor 304 illustrated inFIG. 12 is an optical sensor, and thelight source 302 is further disposed in the polishingplate 38. Thesensor 304 and thelight source 302 are configured to perform wired or wireless communications with the control device 900 (FIG. 11 ). In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 12 , a cutout 39-2 is provided in a part of the polishingcloth 39. Aview port 306 is disposed at a position of the cutout 39-2. Thelight source 302 irradiates the substrate during polishing with light via theview port 306, and thesensor 304 can sense the reflected light from the substrate. The end point of the polishing of the substrate can be sensed from a change in reflectance of the substrate during polishing and the like. As one embodiment, thesensor 304 can be one including a spectroscope, such as Fabry-Perot spectroscope. Additionally, with the use of a fiber sensor as thesensor 304, a plurality of thesensors 304 and thelight sources 302 may be disposed in the polishingplate 38. For example, thesensors 304 and thelight sources 302 may be disposed at the center and the peripheral portion of the polishingplate 38, and the end point of the polishing of the substrate W may be determined by monitoring signals from both of thesensors 304 and thelight sources 302. The use of the plurality ofsensors 304 andlight sources 302 ensures monitoring a film thickness at a plurality of areas of the polished surface of the substrate W. Polishing conditions can be regulated based on the signals from the plurality ofsensors 304 such that end points of polishing of the plurality of areas of the substrate W become the same timing. - The
CMP apparatus 300 illustrated inFIG. 11 and an end point sensing sensor illustrated inFIG. 12 can be used for the above-described methods for polishing the substrate and methods for sensing the end point of substrate polishing. Additionally, theCMP apparatus 300 illustrated inFIG. 11 and the end point sensing sensor illustrated inFIG. 12 can be used for a method for sensing an end point of substrate polishing by another method. The following describes some methods for sensing the end point of substrate polishing. -
FIG. 13 is a drawing describing the method for polishing the substrate according to one embodiment. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 13 , in the substrate, thelogic chip 102, such as a CPU and a GPU, and/or thememory chip 104, and the like are disposed on the Copper Clad Laminate (CCL)base 100. Different from the substrate illustrated inFIG. 1 , the end point sensing element 200, such as the reflective film 202, is not disposed on the substrate illustrated inFIG. 13 . In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 13 , after thefunctional chips CCL base 100, theCCL base 100 on which thefunctional chips material 106. The insulatingmaterial 106 can be, for example, resin and a glass material. After the sealing with the insulatingmaterial 106, the insulatingmaterial 106 is polished such that the insulatingmaterial 106 becomes flat. The polishing of the insulatingmaterial 106 can be chemomechanically polished (CMP). For example, the polishing can be performed using theCMP apparatus 300 including the optical end point sensing sensor illustrated inFIG. 12 . In the embodiment ofFIG. 13 , thelight source 302 irradiates the surface of the chip at the highest position among thefunctional chips sensor 304 receives the reflected light. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 13 , the reflected light can be dispersed to measure the thickness of the insulatingmaterial 106 from a relative reflectance of each wavelength of the reflected light. The light irradiated from thelight source 302 to the insulatingmaterial 106 on the substrate is reflected by the surface of the insulatingmaterial 106 and also reflected by the surface of the functional chip at the highest position (thememory chip 104 in the example ofFIG. 13 ). An interference of the lights reflected at the different positions changes the relative reflectance of each wavelength of the lights detected by thesensor 304 according to the thickness of the insulatingmaterial 106. Therefore, the detection of the relative reflectance allows measuring the thickness of the insulatingmaterial 106 on thefunctional chip material 106 reaches the polishingtarget position 108 by preliminary experiment, thelight source 302 and thesensor 304 illustrated inFIG. 12 can be used as the end point sensing sensors of the substrate during polishing. When the thickness of the insulatingmaterial 106 reaches the polishingtarget position 108, the polishing is terminated. The end point position of the insulatingmaterial 106 is preferably, for example, ±10 µm or less from the polishingtarget position 108. The polishingtarget position 108 can be set to, for example, 10 µm to 500 µm from the top surface of thechip 104 at the uppermost position. As the spectroscope, a Fabry-Perot spectroscope or the like can be used. Any light source, such as a laser diode and an LED, can be used as thelight source 302. The wavelength range of thelight source 302 can include, for example, 500 nm to 800 nm. As the wavelength of thelight source 302, a wavelength range from 200 nm to 500 nm, which is a short wavelength, can also be used according to the film thickness and a film type of the insulatingmaterial 106, the target for irradiation, and the like. - Regarding
FIG. 13 , while the above-described method senses the end point of substrate polishing from the change in relative reflectance of the reflected light, the measurement of the intensity of the light also allows sensing the end point of substrate polishing. In such a method, thelight source 302 irradiates thefunctional chip sensor 304 senses the reflected light. The intensity of the reflected light changes depending on the thickness of the insulatingmaterial 106 disposed on thefunctional chip material 106 reaches the polishingtarget position 108 by preliminary experiment, thelight source 302 and thesensor 304 illustrated inFIG. 12 can be used as the end point sensing sensors of the substrate during polishing. When the intensity of the reflected light is measured to sense the end point of substrate polishing, a spectroscope is unnecessary different from the case where the above-described relative reflectance is measured for end point sensing. In this case, an integration of all wavelength components is measured as the intensity of the reflected light. Note that the intensity of the reflected light at a specific wavelength (for example, any wavelength of 500 nm or less) may be measured using a spectroscope. In the measurement of the intensity of the reflected light, any light source, such as a laser diode and an LED, can be used as thelight source 302. Note that thelight source 302 preferably includes a wavelength range (for example, a wavelength of 500 nm or less) where the reflectance at the surface (for example, silicon) of thefunctional chip light source 302, a monochromatic light source at a specific wavelength (for example, any wavelength of 500 nm or less) may be used. - In the method for polishing the substrate illustrated in
FIG. 13 , infrared light (for example, the wavelength of 1 µm to 3 µm) can be used as thelight source 302 and the thickness of the insulatingmaterial 106 and the end point of polishing can be sensed using an infrared spectroscope. A reflectance of the infrared light at the surface of thefunctional chip material 106 formed on thefunctional chip sensor 304 changes. Thus, the thickness of the insulatingmaterial 106 can be detected by the spectrum change of the reflected light. -
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.FIG. 14 illustrates a part of the polishingplate 38 where thesensor 304 is disposed. The end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 14 includes twolight sources light sources sensor 304 is positioned so as to receive scattered light of the light irradiated to the substrate. The end point detection mechanism according to the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 14 may include a spectroscope. Thesensor 304 and thelight source 302 are configured to perform wired or wireless communications with the control device 900 (FIG. 11 ). In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 14 , the cutout 39-2 is provided in a part of the polishingcloth 39. Theview port 306 is disposed at a position of the cutout 39-2. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 14 , thelight source 302 irradiates the substrate during polishing with light via theview port 306, and thesensor 304 can sense the scattered light from the substrate. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 14 , theview port 306 may be absent. In such a case, the detection can be performed while pure water is supplied to a depressed portion of the polishingplate 38 where thelight sources sensor 304 are disposed. The end point detection mechanism according to the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 14 can be used for the above-described polishing methods and end point sensing. -
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.FIG. 15 illustrates a part of the polishingplate 38 where thesensor 304 is disposed. The end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 15 includes the onelight source 302, afirst sensor 304 a, and asecond sensor 304 b. Thelight source 302 is positioned so as to irradiate the substrate with light at an angle at which the light is totally reflected by the surface of the substrate. Additionally, thesecond sensor 304 b is positioned so as to receive the totally reflected light. Thefirst sensor 304 a is positioned so as to receive the scattered light on the surface of the substrate. In the embodiment ofFIG. 15 , thelight source 302 and thesecond sensor 304 b can include driving mechanisms (not illustrated) configured to adjust an incidence angle of light to the surface of the substrate. The end point detection mechanism using the total reflection illustrated inFIG. 15 is usable when the material changes at the target polishing position. For example, as described inFIG. 4 andFIG. 8 , the end point detection mechanism is usable to remove themetal layer 114 stacked on the insulatingmaterial 106. A total reflection angle at themetal layer 114 and a total reflection angle when themetal layer 114 is removed and the insulatingmaterial 106 disposed below themetal layer 114 is exposed are different. This allows a detection of the removal of themetal layer 114 from the change in light intensity of the received light. In this case, the totally reflected light may be measured by thesecond sensor 304 b, or the scattered light may be measured by thefirst sensor 304 a, or both may be measured. Note that in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 15 , theview port 306 as illustrated inFIG. 14 does not exist. This is because of preventing the total reflection of light by the surface of theview port 306. Additionally, in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 15 , since theview port 306 is not used, the detection can be performed while pure water is supplied to the depressed portion of the polishingplate 38 where thelight source 302 and thesensors - Note that as a total reflection condition, a relationship between a refractive index A of a medium in contact with the surface of the target for polishing, such as water or pure water, and a refractive index B of the surface of the substrate, such as the insulating
material 106, needs to meet: refractive index A > refractive index B. -
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment.FIG. 16 illustrates a part of the polishingplate 38 where thesensor 304 is disposed. The end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 16 uses the total reflection similar to the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 15 . In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 16 , the light irradiated from thelight source 302 is reflected by afirst mirror 308 a and guided to the surface of the substrate. Thefirst mirror 308 a is positioned so as to orient the light to the substrate at an angle at which the light is totally reflected by the surface of the substrate. The end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 16 includes a second mirror 308 b. The second mirror 308 b is positioned so as to guide the light totally reflected by the surface of the substrate during polishing to thesecond sensor 304 b. Thefirst mirror 308 a and the second mirror 308 b can include driving mechanisms (not illustrated) configured to adjust an incidence angle of light to the surface of the substrate. Other configurations of the end point detection mechanism ofFIG. 16 can be configured similarly to the end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 15 . The end point detection mechanism using the total reflection illustrated inFIG. 16 is usable when the material changes at the target polishing position, similarly to the end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 15 . -
FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the optical end point detection mechanism according to one embodiment. AlthoughFIG. 17A illustrates a part of the polishingplate 38 where thesensor 304 is disposed, for clarification, the polishingplate 38 and the polishingcloth 39 are not illustrated. The end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 17A , similarly to the other optical end point detection mechanisms, includes thelight source 302 and thesensor 304. The end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 17A further includes anadapter 310. Theadapter 310 can be made of a high refractive index material, such as an optical plastic. A refractive index of theadapter 310 is preferably larger than the refractive index of the insulatingmaterial 106 on the surface of the substrate as the target for polishing. Theadapter 310 can be formed into a block having an approximately rectangular parallelepiped shape. Theadapter 310 can be disposed so as to be in contact with or close to the surface of the substrate as the target for polishing. Theadapter 310 includes a firstoptical fiber 312 a and a secondoptical fiber 312 b. The firstoptical fiber 312 a and thelight source 302 are disposed such that the firstoptical fiber 312 a receives the light from thelight source 302. The secondoptical fiber 312 b is disposed so as to receive the light left from the firstoptical fiber 312 a and reflected by a boundary between theadapter 310 and the surface of the substrate. The secondoptical fiber 312 b and thesensor 304 are disposed such that thesensor 304 receives the light left from the secondoptical fiber 312 b. The firstoptical fiber 312 a and the secondoptical fiber 312 b may be configured as optical fibers having identical apertures or may be configured as optical fibers having different apertures. For example, to increase a yield, the secondoptical fiber 312 b may be configured as an optical fiber having the aperture larger than that of the firstoptical fiber 312 a. Additionally, instead of the secondoptical fiber 312 b, an array type optical sensor (for example, a photodiode array) may be built into theadapter 310. Thelight source 302, thesensor 304, and theadapter 310 are configured to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate while holding the relative positions. For example, these units are mounted to the polishingplate 38 with a moving mechanism (not illustrated). -
FIG. 17B is a drawing of enlarging a part near theadapter 310 of the optical end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 17A . As illustrated inFIG. 17B , the firstoptical fiber 312 a is disposed such that the light left from the firstoptical fiber 312 a enters a boundary surface of theadapter 310 at an incident angle θ. The incident angle θ is set to be larger than a critical angle θ1 determined by the refractive index of theadapter 310 and a refractive index of water or pure water, and smaller than a critical angle θ2 determined by the refractive index of theadapter 310 and a refractive index of a material of the surface of the substrate (for example, the insulating material 106) as the target for polishing. - The end point of substrate polishing can be detected using the optical end point detection mechanism illustrated in
FIG. 17A as follows. As one example, as illustrated inFIG. 17A , in the substrate as the target for polishing, thelogic chip 102, such as a CPU and a GPU, and/or the functional chip, such as thememory chip 104, are disposed on the Copper Clad Laminate (CCL)base 100. TheCCL base 100 on which thesefunctional chips material 106. The insulatingmaterial 106 can be, for example, resin and a glass material. The following describes a method for polishing the insulatingmaterial 106 up to the polishingtarget position 108 using the end point detection mechanism illustrated inFIG. 17A . - First, the
adapter 310 is moved in the direction of the substrate until in contact with the surface of the substrate. When theadapter 310 contacts the substrate, a position of theadapter 310 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate is fixed. The surface of the substrate is roughly polished in this state, thus flattening the surface of the substrate. After the surface of the substrate is flattened, theadapter 310 is moved toward the substrate again such that theadapter 310 is in close contact with the flattened surface of the substrate. An amount of polishing by the rough polishing can be calculated from the moving distance of theadapter 310. Alternatively, a distance between the position of theadapter 310 and the flattened surface of the substrate at the start of rough polishing may be measured by another method to calculate the amount of polishing of the rough polishing. - Next, when the
adapter 310 is brought into close contact with the flattened surface of the substrate, the position of theadapter 310 in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate is fixed.FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate the state. Polishing is additionally performed in this state. At this time, thelight source 302 irradiates the surface of the substrate with light through the firstoptical fiber 312 a. The detection of the reflected light passing through the secondoptical fiber 312 b by thesensor 304 ensures measuring the amount of polishing of the substrate. As illustrated inFIG. 17B , in a state of starting polishing, theadapter 310 is in contact with the insulatingmaterial 106 on the surface of the substrate. As described above, the light enters the insulatingmaterial 106 from theadapter 310 at the incident angle θ. As described above, the incident angle θ is smaller than the critical angle θ2, which is determined by the refractive index of theadapter 310 and the refractive index of the insulatingmaterial 106; therefore, the light is not totally reflected by the surface of the insulatingmaterial 106. As the polishing proceeds, as illustrated inFIG. 17C , a clearance is generated between the insulatingmaterial 106 on the surface of the substrate and theadapter 310. As the polishing proceeds, polishing liquid and pure water enter this clearance. As described above, the incident angle θ of the light is larger than the critical angle θ1, which is determined by the refractive index of theadapter 310 and the refractive index of water or pure water; therefore, the light is totally reflected by the boundary between theadapter 310 and the pure water. Accordingly, as the polishing proceeds, the intensity of the reflected light detected by thesensor 304 increases. By preliminarily calibrating a relationship between the amount of polishing and the intensity of the reflected light when the reflection transitions from partial reflection to the total reflection, the amount of polishing can be determined from the change in intensity of the reflected light detected by thesensor 304. Thus, the insulatingmaterial 106 can be polished up to the polishingtarget position 108. Note that the above-described end point detection of polishing is similarly applicable also to a case where the target for polishing is a semiconductor material, such as Si and SiO2, in addition to the insulatingmaterial 106 described above. - The embodiments of the present invention have been described above based on some examples in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention without limiting the present invention. The present invention can be changed or improved without departing from the gist thereof, and of course, the equivalents of the present invention are included in the present invention. It is possible to arbitrarily combine or omit respective components according to claims and description in a range in which at least a part of the above-described problems can be solved, or a range in which at least a part of the effects can be exhibited.
-
- 100 CCL base
- 102 logic chip
- 104 memory chip
- 106 insulating material
- 108 polishing target position
- 114 metal layer
- 116 barrier mold layer
- 118 interconnection chip
- 200 end point sensing element
- 202 reflective film
- 204 reflective plate
- 206 dummy element
Claims (5)
1. A substrate comprising:
a functional chip;
an insulating material that covers the functional chip; and
an end point sensing element.
2. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein
the end point sensing element includes a reflection element.
3. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein
the end point sensing element is fixed to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive.
4. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein
the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate.
5. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein
a metal layer is formed on the insulating material.
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US18/161,707 US20230173636A1 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2023-01-30 | Method for polishing substrate including functional chip |
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JP2017170302A JP6860451B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2017-09-05 | How to polish a substrate with a functional chip |
JP2017-170302 | 2017-09-05 | ||
PCT/JP2018/030894 WO2019049659A1 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2018-08-22 | Method for polishing substrate provided with functional chip |
US202016643124A | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | |
US18/161,707 US20230173636A1 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2023-01-30 | Method for polishing substrate including functional chip |
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US16/643,124 Division US11597051B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2018-08-22 | Method for polishing substrate including functional chip |
PCT/JP2018/030894 Division WO2019049659A1 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2018-08-22 | Method for polishing substrate provided with functional chip |
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US5234868A (en) * | 1992-10-29 | 1993-08-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for determining planarization endpoint during chemical-mechanical polishing |
JPH09139369A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-05-27 | Hitachi Ltd | Manufacture of semiconductor device and polishing device used for the manufacture |
JP2000124601A (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-04-28 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing printed wiring board |
MY139405A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2009-09-30 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Printed circuit board and method for its production |
JP3141939B2 (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2001-03-07 | 日本電気株式会社 | Metal wiring formation method |
JP2004056854A (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-02-19 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Power supply device |
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US20050173259A1 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-11 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Endpoint system for electro-chemical mechanical polishing |
JP2007214402A (en) | 2006-02-10 | 2007-08-23 | Cmk Corp | Semiconductor element and printed wiring board with built-in semiconductor element |
JP4899604B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2012-03-21 | ソニー株式会社 | Three-dimensional semiconductor package manufacturing method |
KR101381341B1 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2014-04-04 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | Processing end point detection method, polishing method, and polishing apparatus |
JP2008100319A (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-05-01 | Sharp Corp | Grind processing method and device |
JP2011000647A (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2011-01-06 | Ebara Corp | Method for monitoring polishing |
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JP6005467B2 (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2016-10-12 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | Polishing method and polishing apparatus |
US9358660B2 (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2016-06-07 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Grinding wheel design with elongated teeth arrangement |
JP6157890B2 (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2017-07-05 | 日東電工株式会社 | Underfill material, sealing sheet, and method for manufacturing semiconductor device |
US9490186B2 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2016-11-08 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Limiting adjustment of polishing rates during substrate polishing |
TWI591764B (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2017-07-11 | 精材科技股份有限公司 | Chip package and manufacturing method thereof |
US9595492B2 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2017-03-14 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. | Device manufacture and packaging method thereof |
US9754805B1 (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-09-05 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Packaging method and structure |
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US11597051B2 (en) | 2023-03-07 |
KR102550564B1 (en) | 2023-07-04 |
CN111095492B (en) | 2023-12-01 |
CN111095492A (en) | 2020-05-01 |
TW201919822A (en) | 2019-06-01 |
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