US20230044746A1 - Oral Care Compositions Comprising Medium Length Polyphosphates - Google Patents
Oral Care Compositions Comprising Medium Length Polyphosphates Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20230044746A1 US20230044746A1 US17/966,131 US202217966131A US2023044746A1 US 20230044746 A1 US20230044746 A1 US 20230044746A1 US 202217966131 A US202217966131 A US 202217966131A US 2023044746 A1 US2023044746 A1 US 2023044746A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- dentifrice
- polyphosphate
- oral care
- water
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 230
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 239000000551 dentifrice Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XGRSAFKZAGGXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-3-cyclohexylpropanoate Chemical group OC(=O)CC(N)C1CCCCC1 XGRSAFKZAGGXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960004711 sodium monofluorophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium diphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940043256 calcium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019821 dicalcium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940006302 tripolyphosphate ion Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 27
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 21
- OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000002324 mouth wash Substances 0.000 description 19
- -1 alkali metal cations Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 229940091249 fluoride supplement Drugs 0.000 description 18
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 9
- 210000004268 dentin Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000020279 black tea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940073507 cocamidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000019820 disodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940071089 sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 3
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- ANOBYBYXJXCGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous fluoride Chemical compound F[Sn]F ANOBYBYXJXCGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229960002799 stannous fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1O MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 3
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical class [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 3
- NGOZDSMNMIRDFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[methyl(tetradecanoyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC(O)=O NGOZDSMNMIRDFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 2
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000569 Gum karaya Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BACYUWVYYTXETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Lauroylsarcosine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC(O)=O BACYUWVYYTXETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004830 Super Glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007910 chewable tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940068682 chewable tablet Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N eugenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(CC=C)=CC=C1O RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940005740 hexametaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010874 in vitro model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011929 mousse Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001992 poloxamer 407 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940044476 poloxamer 407 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-anethole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\C)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc fluoride Chemical compound F[Zn]F BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTLYMKDSHNWQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl FTLYMKDSHNWQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-cineole Natural products C1CC2CCC1(C)OC2(C)C WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical class CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFJJOPDNPVFCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[hexadecanoyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC(O)=O LFJJOPDNPVFCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006491 Acacia senegal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acesulfame k Chemical compound [K+].CC1=CC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)O1 WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000106483 Anogeissus latifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011514 Anogeissus latifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPBVQXIMTZKSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chavibetol Natural products COC1=CC=C(CC=C)C=C1O NPBVQXIMTZKSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Chinese gallotannin Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-WAAGHKOSSA-N Eucalyptol Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2CC[C@]1(C)OC2(C)C WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-WAAGHKOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005770 Eugenol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001329 FEMA 3811 Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001922 Gum ghatti Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 244000024873 Mentha crispa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014749 Mentha crispa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ILRKKHJEINIICQ-OOFFSTKBSA-N Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate Chemical compound N.O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C=C4[C@@H]5C[C@](C)(CC[C@@]5(CC[C@@]4(C)[C@]3(C)CC[C@H]2C1(C)C)C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O ILRKKHJEINIICQ-OOFFSTKBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOCBASBOOFNAJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)NCCS(O)(=O)=O JOCBASBOOFNAJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000227633 Ocotea pretiosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004263 Ocotea pretiosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002556 Polyethylene Glycol 300 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UVMRYBDEERADNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pseudoeugenol Natural products COC1=CC(C(C)=C)=CC=C1O UVMRYBDEERADNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000228451 Stevia rebaudiana Species 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005844 Thymol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002697 Tooth Abrasion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010044032 Tooth discolouration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FGUZFFWTBWJBIL-XWVZOOPGSA-N [(1r)-1-[(2s,3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FGUZFFWTBWJBIL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010358 acesulfame potassium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000619 acesulfame-K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940073143 ammoniated glycyrrhizin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940011037 anethole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002272 anti-calculus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002882 anti-plaque Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004365 benzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MQRKKLAGBPVXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-id-3-one;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].C1=CC=C2C([O-])=NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1.C1=CC=C2C([O-])=NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 MQRKKLAGBPVXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001631 carbomer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O carboxymethyl-[3-(dodecanoylamino)propyl]-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical class OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005233 cineole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010634 clove oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940109275 cyclamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfamic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001315 dental pellicle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003975 dentin desensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYQBBRRVRKFJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])(=O)OP(O)([O-])=O GYQBBRRVRKFJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010944 ethyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002217 eugenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002737 fructose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010492 gellan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000216 gellan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019314 gum ghatti Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013003 healing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005414 inactive ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010494 karaya gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000832 lactitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010448 lactitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N lactitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-JVCRWLNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003451 lactitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940075468 lauramidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940071145 lauroyl sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940076522 listerine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940041290 mannose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003087 methylethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940074371 monofluorophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940051866 mouthwash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940070782 myristoyl sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ITVGXXMINPYUHD-CUVHLRMHSA-N neohesperidin dihydrochalcone Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC=C1CCC(=O)C(C(=C1)O)=C(O)C=C1O[C@H]1[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 ITVGXXMINPYUHD-CUVHLRMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940089953 neohesperidin dihydrochalcone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010434 neohesperidine DC Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZVVSSOQAYNYNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N olaflur Chemical compound F.F.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCO)CCCN(CCO)CCO ZVVSSOQAYNYNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001245 olaflur Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-methoxyphenyl Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010989 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001818 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099402 potassium metaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001314 profilometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N rebaudioside A Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O[C@]12C(=C)C[C@@]3(C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C)(CCC[C@]1([C@@H]3CC2)C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940085605 saccharin sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700004121 sarkosyl Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003885 sodium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940075560 sodium lauryl sulfoacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQMNWCRSESPIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium metaphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]P(=O)=O AQMNWCRSESPIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CS([O-])(=O)=O UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940057429 sorbitan isostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006451 sorbitan laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000892 thaumatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010436 thaumatin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000790 thymol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005196 titanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036344 tooth staining Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940001496 tribasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.NC(N)=O AQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000009637 wintergreen oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/24—Phosphorous; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/20—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- A61K8/21—Fluorides; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/817—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions or derivatives of such polymers, e.g. vinylimidazol, vinylcaprolactame, allylamines (Polyquaternium 6)
- A61K8/8176—Homopolymers of N-vinyl-pyrrolidones. Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compositions comprising medium length linear polyphosphates and compositions further comprising shorter length linear polyphosphates.
- Polyphosphates are a class of materials obtained by the dehydration and condensation of orthophosphate to yield linear and cyclic polyphosphates of varying chain lengths. Polyphosphate compounds are commonly used in oral care compositions as anti-tartar agents and for stain prevention. Unfortunately, linear polyphosphates undergo acid catalyzed hydrolysis reactions while in compositions with a pH of 6 or less. Thus, many oral care compositions comprising linear polyphosphates are currently formulated at a pH of 7 or higher.
- linear polyphosphates have been formulated with a water content of less than 20 wt% to mitigate acid catalyzed hydrolysis reactions.
- Formulating the oral care composition to have a low amount of water can minimize aqueous reactivity.
- these compositions can have poor stain removal performance.
- the amount of abrasive is increased, or oxidizing agents are added to improve stain removal performance.
- increased amounts of abrasive can increase the RDA while oxidizing agents can be irritating to the oral cavity.
- compositions with an improved stain removal performance without having to increase the amount of abrasive or incorporating oxidizing agents.
- An oral care composition having about 20 wt% or greater, by weight of the oral care composition, of water, a polyphosphate source comprising a first linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 6 to about 21, a pH of about 5 or less, and a ⁇ E of about 3 or less.
- the polyphosphate source can also have a second linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 2 to about 6.
- a dentifrice composition having about 20% or greater, by weight of the dentifrice composition, of water, a fluoride ion source, a polyphosphate source comprising a first linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 6 to about 21, and a pH of about 5 or less.
- the polyphosphate source can also have a second linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 2 to about 6.
- a mouth rinse composition having about 20% or greater, by weight of the mouth rinse composition, of water, a polyphosphate source comprising a first linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 6 to about 21, and a pH of about 5 or less.
- the polyphosphate source can also have a second linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 2 to about 6.
- the present invention is directed to oral care compositions comprising medium length linear polyphosphates and compositions further comprising shorter length linear polyphosphates.
- compositions comprising medium length linear polyphosphates and compositions further comprising shorter length linear polyphosphates.
- polyphosphate molecules are prone to undergo acid catalyzed hydrolysis reactions, current formulations comprising polyphosphate molecules have a pH of 7 or greater and/or are formulated to have less than 20 wt% of water.
- polyphosphate molecules can remove more stain from teeth at lower pHs.
- a composition comprising polyphosphate molecules at a pH of about 5 or less.
- oral care compositions comprising a medium length linear polyphosphate and oral care compositions further comprising a shorter length linear polyphosphate at a pH of about 5 or less can demonstrate increased stain removal.
- compositions comprising one or more polyphosphate sources, which can alleviate these challenges. Without wishing to being bound by theory, it is believed that when polyphosphate sources are properly formulated they can help to loosen the stains from teeth surfaces so that elevated levels of abrasives or highly abrasive abrasives are not required.
- oral care composition includes a product, which in the ordinary course of usage, is not intentionally swallowed for purposes of systemic administration of particular therapeutic agents, but is rather retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact dental surfaces or oral tissues.
- oral care compositions include dentifrice, tooth gel, subgingival gel, mouth rinse, mousse, foam, mouth spray, lozenge, chewable tablet, chewing gum, tooth whitening strips, floss and floss coatings, breath freshening dissolvable strips, or denture care or adhesive product.
- the oral care composition may also be incorporated onto strips or films for direct application or attachment to oral surfaces.
- the term “dentifrice”, as used herein, includes tooth or subgingival -paste, gel, or liquid formulations unless otherwise specified.
- the dentifrice composition may be a single-phase composition or may be a combination of two or more separate dentifrice compositions.
- the dentifrice composition may be in any desired form, such as deep striped, surface striped, multilayered, having a gel surrounding a paste, or any combination thereof.
- Each dentifrice composition in a dentifrice comprising two or more separate dentifrice compositions may be contained in a physically separated compartment of a dispenser and dispensed side-by-side.
- mouth rinse includes an aqueous solution unless otherwise specified.
- the mouth rinse composition in the ordinary course of usage, is not intentionally swallowed for purposes of systemic administration of particular therapeutic agents, but is rather retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact substantially all of the dental surfaces and/or oral tissues in the oral cavity.
- Active and other ingredients useful herein may be categorized or described herein by their cosmetic and/or therapeutic benefit or their postulated mode of action or function. However, it is to be understood that the active and other ingredients useful herein can, in some instances, provide more than one cosmetic and/or therapeutic benefit or function or operate via more than one mode of action. Therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake of convenience and are not intended to limit an ingredient to the particularly stated function(s) or activities listed.
- orally acceptable carrier comprises one or more compatible solid or liquid excipients or diluents which are suitable for topical oral administration.
- compatible is meant that the components of the composition are capable of being commingled without interaction in a manner which would substantially reduce the composition’s stability and/or efficacy.
- the carriers or excipients of the present invention can include the usual and conventional components of mouthwashes or mouth rinses, as more fully described hereinafter: Mouthwash or mouth rinse carrier materials typically include, but are not limited to one or more of water, alcohol, humectants, surfactants, and acceptance improving agents, such as flavoring, sweetening, coloring and/or cooling agents.
- compositions and methods are described herein in terms of “comprising” various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components or steps, unless stated otherwise.
- the word “or” when used as a connector of two or more elements is meant to include the elements individually and in combination; for example, X or Y, means X or Y or both.
- groups of elements are indicated using the numbering scheme indicated in the version of the periodic table of elements published in Chemical and Engineering News , 63(5), 27, 1985.
- a group of elements can be indicated using a common name assigned to the group; for example, alkali metals for Group 1 elements, alkaline earth metals for Group 2 elements, and so forth.
- the term “about” means that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but can be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement errors, and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. In general, an amount, size, formulation, parameter or other quantity or characteristic is “about” or “approximate” whether or not expressly stated to be such. The term “about” also encompasses amounts that differ due to different equilibrium conditions for a composition resulting from a particular initial mixture. Whether or not modified by the term “about,” the claims include equivalents to the quantities. The term “about” can mean within 10% of the reported numerical value, preferably within 5% of the reported numerical value.
- RDA refers to Relative Dentin Abrasion or Radioactive Dentin Abrasion as defined in FDI-ISO 11609.
- PCR refers to Pellicle Cleaning Ratio as defined in the original paper by Stookey et al. 1982 and later used by Schemehorn et al. 2011 to characterize the relative effectiveness of oral care compositions to remove a laboratory-sourced, human-like, stain from enamel chips. These experimental techniques will be described in greater detail later.
- the oral care composition can be in any suitable form, such as a solid, liquid, powder, paste, or combinations thereof.
- the oral care composition can be dentifrice, tooth gel, subgingival gel, mouth rinse, mousse, foam, mouth spray, lozenge, chewable tablet, chewing gum, tooth whitening strips, floss and floss coatings, breath freshening dissolvable strips, or denture care or adhesive product.
- the components of the oral care composition can be incorporated into a film, a strip, a foam, or a fiber-based oral care composition.
- the oral care composition can include a variety of active and inactive ingredients, such as, for example, but not limited to one or more polyphosphate sources, water, a fluoride source, humectants, surfactants, low levels or no other whitening agents, abrasives, other ingredients, and the like, as well as any combination thereof, as described below.
- active and inactive ingredients such as, for example, but not limited to one or more polyphosphate sources, water, a fluoride source, humectants, surfactants, low levels or no other whitening agents, abrasives, other ingredients, and the like, as well as any combination thereof, as described below.
- the oral care composition can comprise a polyphosphate source.
- a polyphosphate source can comprise one or more polyphosphate molecules.
- Polyphosphates are a class of materials obtained by the dehydration and condensation of orthophosphate to yield linear and cyclic polyphosphates of varying chain lengths. Thus, polyphosphate molecules are generally identified with an average number (n) of polyphosphate molecules, as described below.
- a polyphosphate is generally understood to consist of two or more phosphate molecules arranged primarily in a linear configuration, although some cyclic derivatives may be present.
- Preferred polyphosphates are those having an average of two or more phosphate groups so that surface adsorption at effective concentrations produces sufficient non-bound phosphate functions, which enhance the anionic surface charge as well as hydrophilic character of the surfaces.
- Preferred in this invention are the linear polyphosphates having the formula: XO(XPO 3 ) n X, wherein X is sodium, potassium, ammonium, or any other alkali metal cations and n averages from about 2 to about 21.
- Alkali earth metal cations, such as calcium are not preferred because they tend to form insoluble fluoride salts from aqueous solutions comprising a fluoride ions and alkali earth metal cations.
- the oral care compositions disclosed herein can be free of or substantially free of calcium pyrophosphate.
- Polyphosphates can include those polyphosphate compounds manufactured by FMC Corporation, ICL Performance Products, and/or Astaris.
- the oral care composition can comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 1 to about 20%, or about 10% or less, by weight of the oral care composition, of the polyphosphate source.
- polyphosphates are susceptible to hydrolysis in high water formulations with an acidic pH, particularly below pH 6.
- longer-chain polyphosphates such as Glass H having an average chain length of about 21, were utilized in oral care compositions because such longer-chain polyphosphates, were more resistant to acid catalyzed hydrolysis and were still effective to deposit onto teeth and provide a stain preventive benefit.
- oral care compositions with medium length chains can be as effective or more effective at removing stains as oral care compositions comprising longer-chain polyphosphates.
- the oral care composition can comprise an additional polyphosphate compound, which can be as effective or more effective at removing stains as oral care compositions comprising only longer-chain polyphosphates.
- the oral care composition can comprise a first linear polyphosphate.
- the first linear polyphosphate can comprise a medium length linear polyphosphate.
- the first linear polyphosphate can comprise a polyphosphate with an average number of phosphate molecules (n) of from about 6 to about 21, from about 8 to about 21, from about 6 to about 14, from about 8 to about 14, or from about 8 to about 13.
- the first linear polyphosphate can exclude any calcium counter ions.
- the polyphosphate source can comprise a second linear polyphosphate.
- the second linear polyphosphate can comprise a shorter length linear polyphosphate.
- the second linear polyphosphate can comprise a polyphosphate with an average number of phosphate molecules (n) of from about 2 to about 8, from about 2 to about 6, or from about 3 to about 6.
- the second linear polyphosphate can exclude any calcium counter ions.
- the polyphosphate source can comprise a third, fourth, fifth, or more polyphosphate.
- the additional polyphosphates can comprise a polyphosphate molecule with an average number of phosphate molecules (n) of from about 2 to about 21, from about 6 to about 21, from about 6 to about 14, or from about 8 to about 13.
- the ratio of the first linear polyphosphate to the second polyphosphate can from about 6:1 to about 1:1, from about 4:1 to about 1:1, from about 2:1 to about 1:1, or about 1:1, by weight of the oral care composition.
- the oral care composition of the present invention can be anhydrous, a low water formulation, or a high water formulation.
- the oral care composition can comprise from 0% to about 99%, about 20% or greater, about 30% or greater, or about 50% or greater by weight of the composition, of water.
- the water is USP water.
- the dentifrice composition comprises from about 45% to about 75%, by weight of the composition, of water.
- the high water dentifrice composition can comprise from about 45% to about 65%, from about 45% to about 55%, or from about 46% to about 54%, by weight of the composition, of water.
- the water may be added to the high water dentifrice formulation and/or may come into the composition from the inclusion of other ingredients.
- the dentifrice composition comprises from about 10% to about 45%, by weight of the composition, of water.
- the low water dentifrice composition can comprise from about 10% to about 35%, from about 15% to about 25%, or from about 20% to about 25%, by weight of the composition, of water.
- the water may be added to the low water dentifrice formulation and/or may come into the composition from the inclusion of other ingredients.
- the dentifrice composition comprises less than about 10%, by weight of the composition, of water.
- the anhydrous dentifrice composition comprises less than 5%, less than 1%, or 0%, by weight of the composition, of water.
- the water may be added to the anhydrous formulation and/or may come into the dentifrice composition from the inclusion of other ingredients.
- a mouth rinse formulation comprises from about 75% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 95%, or from about 80% to about 95% of water.
- the oral care composition can also comprise other orally acceptable carrier materials, such as alcohol, humectants, polymers, surfactants, and acceptance improving agents, such as flavoring, sweetening, coloring and/or cooling agents.
- the oral care composition can be free of or substantially free of alcohol as an orally acceptable carrier.
- the oral care composition can comprise a fluoride source.
- the fluoride source can comprise fluoride containing compounds, such as stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, amine fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, zinc fluoride, and mixtures thereof.
- the fluoride source can comprise sodium monofluorophosphate.
- the fluoride source can have a single fluoride source.
- the single fluoride source can be sodium monofluorophosphate.
- free fluoride ions such as the fluoride ions provided by, for example, sodium fluoride and/or stannous fluoride in aqueous solutions at low pHs, can react with polyphosphate molecules.
- sodium monofluorophosphate may be used as the single fluoride source to prevent fluoride-polyphosphate reactivity in the oral care composition.
- the oral care composition can be free of sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or any other source of free fluoride ions in aqueous solutions with a pH of less than about 5 or about 5 or less.
- the oral care composition can comprise a fluoride source capable of providing from about 50 ppm to about 3500 ppm, and preferably from about 500 ppm to about 3000 ppm of free fluoride ions.
- the fluoride source may be present in the total dentifrice composition at an amount of from about 0.0025% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 1%, from about 0.5% to about 1.5%, or from about 0.3% to about 0.6%, by weight of the oral care composition.
- the oral care composition can have an acidic pH because, as described herein, the stain removal benefits of the polyphosphate source is enhanced at a lower pH.
- the oral care composition can have a pH of about 6 or less, about 5 or less, about 4.5 or less, about 4 or less, from about 2 to about 5, from about 3 to about 5, from about 3 to about 4.5, less than about 5, less than about 4.5, and/or about 4.5.
- the pH of the oral care composition can be adjusted using one or more pH control agents.
- the one or more pH control agents can be acidic if the pH of the oral care composition is to be adjusted to a lower pH or the one or more pH control agents can be basic if the pH of the oral care composition is to be adjusted to a higher pH.
- Compounds capable of modifying the pH of an oral care composition are well known in the art.
- the oral care composition can comprise a humectant, have low levels of a humectant, or be free of a humectant.
- Humectants serve to add body or “mouth texture” to an oral care composition or dentifrice as well as preventing the dentifrice from drying out.
- Suitable humectants include polyethylene glycol (at a variety of different molecular weights), propylene glycol, glycerin (glycerol), erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, lactitol, and hydrogenated starch hydrolyzates, and mixtures thereof.
- the oral care composition can comprise amount from 0 to about 70%, from about 10% to about 60%, or from about 25% to about 60%, by weight of the oral care composition, of a humectant.
- the oral care composition can comprise one or more surfactants.
- the surfactants can be used to make the compositions more cosmetically acceptable.
- the surfactant is preferably a detersive material which imparts to the composition detersive and foaming properties.
- Suitable surfactants are safe and effective amounts of anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and betaine surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkali metal or ammonium salts of lauroyl sarcosinate, myristoyl sarcosinate, palmitoyl sarcosinate, stearoyl sarcosinate and oleoyl sarcosinate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, isostearate and laurate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, N-lauroyl sarcosine, the sodium, potassium, and
- the oral care composition can comprise low levels or no other whitening agents.
- Other whitening agents can include bleaching or oxidizing agents, such as peroxides, perborates, percarbonates, peroxyacids, persulfates, metal chlorites, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable peroxide compounds include hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, calcium peroxide, and mixtures thereof.
- Other suitable whitening agents include potassium, ammonium, Sodium and lithium persulfates and perborate mono- and tetrahydrates, and sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate.
- the oral care composition can be free of or substantially free of other whitening agents.
- Other whitening agents, such as peroxide can be irritating to the oral cavity during use of oral care compositions comprising other whitening agents.
- the present invention provides an alternative strategy to remove stains, namely a lower pH and a polyphosphate source that can replace other whitening agents.
- the oral care composition can comprise from 0 to about 1%, from 0 to about 0.1%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, less than about 0.1%, or less than about 0.01%, by weight of the composition, of the other whitening agents.
- the oral care compositions can comprise one or more abrasives.
- Abrasives can be added to dentifrice formulations to help remove surface stains from teeth.
- elevated levels of abrasives can raise the RDA ratings to levels that can lead to dental abrasion or loss of dentin.
- Polyphosphates can help loosen surface stains so that a lower amount of abrasive can be used. Increasing the effectiveness of the polyphosphate source can lead to whitening benefits without higher levels of abrasives.
- the oral care composition will have a lower RDA rating, but will not compromise on its whitening or cleaning effect (PCR value).
- the oral care composition can comprise a lower level of abrasives, such as for example, from about 5% to 25%, from about 10% to about 20%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, or from about 10% to about 15%, by weight of the oral care composition, of one or more abrasives without a sacrifice of the PCR value.
- abrasives such as for example, from about 5% to 25%, from about 10% to about 20%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, or from about 10% to about 15%, by weight of the oral care composition, of one or more abrasives without a sacrifice of the PCR value.
- abrasives include, for example, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), ground calcium carbonate (GCC), chalk, bentonite, dicalcium phosphate or its dihydrate forms, silica gel (by itself, and of any structure), precipitated silica, amorphous precipitated silica (by itself, and of any structure as well), perlite, titanium dioxide, dicalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, alumina, hydrated alumina, calcined alumina, aluminum silicate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate, insoluble potassium metaphosphate, insoluble magnesium carbonate, zirconium silicate, particulate thermosetting resins and other suitable abrasive materials. Such materials can be introduced into the oral care compositions to tailor the polishing characteristics of the target formulation.
- PCC precipitated calcium carbonate
- GCC ground calcium carbonate
- chalk chalk
- bentonite dicalcium phosphate or its dihydrate forms
- silica gel by itself, and of any structure
- precipitated silica amorph
- the oral care composition can comprise thickening agents.
- Thickening agents can be useful in the dentifrice compositions to provide a gelatinous structure that stabilizes the toothpaste against phase separation.
- Suitable thickening agents include polysaccharides and silica thickeners.
- polysaccharides include starch; glycerite of starch; gums such as gum karaya (sterculia gum), gum tragacanth, gum arabic, gum ghatti, gum acacia, xanthan gum, guar gum and cellulose gum; magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum); carrageenan; sodium alginate; agar-agar; pectin; gelatin; cellulose compounds such as cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl carboxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and sulfated cellulose; natural and synthetic clays such
- the thickening agent can comprise polysaccharides.
- Polysaccharides that are suitable for use herein include carageenans, gellan gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, carbomers, poloxamers, modified cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
- Carageenan is a polysaccharide derived from seaweed. There are several types of carageenan that may be distinguished by their seaweed source and/or by their degree of and position of sulfation.
- the thickening agent can comprise kappa carageenans, modified kappa carageenans, iota carageenans, modified iota carageenans, lambda carrageenan, and mixtures thereof.
- Carageenans suitable for use herein include those commercially available from the FMC Company under the series designation “Viscarin,” including but not limited to Viscarin TP 329, Viscarin TP 388, and Viscarin TP 389.
- the thickening agent can comprise inorganic thickening agents.
- suitable inorganic thickening agents include colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, silica thickeners.
- Useful silica thickeners include, for example, include, as a non-limiting example, an amorphous precipitated silica such as ZEODENT® 165 silica.
- Other non-limiting silica thickeners include ZEODENT® 153, 163, and 167, and ZEOFREE® 177 and 265 silica products, all available from Evonik Corporation, and AEROSIL® fumed silicas.
- the oral care composition can comprise from 0% to about 15%, from 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, or from about 0.5 % to about 2% of one or more thickening agents.
- the oral care composition can comprise less than about 5%, less than about 3%, less than about 1%, from about 0.1% to about 1%, from about 0.3% to about 3%, or from about 0.5% to about 5%, by weight of the oral care compositions of one or more polymers.
- the polymer can be a polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or a copolymer of maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether of various weight percentages of the oral care compositions as well as various ranges of average molecular ranges.
- the oral care composition can comprise a variety of other ingredients.
- Flavoring agents also can be added to the oral care compositions. Suitable flavoring agents include, but are not limited to, oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, oil of sassafras, and oil of clove, cinnamon, anethole, menthol, thymol, eugenol, eucalyptol, lemon, orange and other such flavor compounds to add fruit notes, spice notes, etc.
- These flavoring agents generally comprise mixtures of aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols, acids, and aliphatic, aromatic and other alcohols.
- Sweeteners can be added to the oral care composition to impart a pleasing taste to the product.
- Suitable sweeteners include saccharin (as sodium, potassium or calcium saccharin), cyclamate (as a sodium, potassium or calcium salt), acesulfame-K, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, ammoniated glycyrrhizin, dextrose, levulose, sucrose, mannose, sucralose, stevia, and glucose.
- Colorants can be added to improve the aesthetic appearance of the product. Suitable colorants include without limitation those colorants approved by appropriate regulatory bodies such as the FDA and those listed in the European Food and Pharmaceutical Directives and include pigments, such as TiO 2 , and colors such as FD&C and D&C dyes.
- Preservatives also can be added to the oral care compositions to prevent bacterial growth.
- Suitable preservatives approved for use in oral compositions such as methylparaben, propylparaben, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate can be added in safe and effective amounts.
- ingredients can be used in the oral care composition, such as desensitizing agents, healing agents, other caries preventative agents, chelating/sequestering agents, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, other anti-plaque/anti-calculus agents, opacifiers, antibiotics, anti-enzymes, enzymes, pH control agents, oxidizing agents, antioxidants, and the like.
- the oral care composition can comprise a dispersed gel network phase comprising a fatty amphiphile.
- gel network refers to a lamellar or vesicular solid crystalline phase which comprises at least one fatty amphiphile as specified below, at least one secondary surfactant as specified below, and a solvent as specified below.
- the lamellar or vesicular phase comprises bi-layers made up of a first layer comprising the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant and alternating with a second layer comprising the solvent.
- the fatty amphiphile and secondary surfactant must be dispersed within the solvent.
- solid crystalline refers to the structure of the lamellar or vesicular phase which forms at a temperature below the chain melt temperature of the layer in the gel network comprising the one or more fatty amphiphiles.
- An oral care composition comprising a gel network may be prepared by heating the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant, and solvent to a level in the range of about 50° C. to about 90° C. and mixing. This mixture is cooled to a level in the range of about 20° C. to about 35° C. by, for example, passing the mixture through a heat exchanger. As a result of this cooling step, the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant crystallize to form a solid crystalline gel network.
- the oral carriers can be added at any time during this process.
- Alternative methods of preparing the gel network component include sonication and/or milling of the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant, and solvent, while these components are heated, to reduce the particle size of the melted fatty amphiphile phase. This results in an increase in surface area of the fatty amphiphile phase, which allows the secondary surfactant and the solvent to swell the fatty amphiphile phase.
- Another suitable variation in preparing the gel network includes heating and mixing the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant first, and then adding that mixture to the solvent.
- the weight ratio of the fatty amphiphile to the surfactant in the gel network component can be greater than about 1:5, from about 1:3 to about 100:1, greater than about 1:1 to about 20:1, and/or greater than about 2:1 to about 10:1.
- fatty amphiphile refers to a compound having a hydrophobic tail group of R 1 as defined below and a hydrophilic head group which does not make the compound water soluble (immiscible), wherein the compound also has a net neutral charge at the pH of the oral care composition. Suitable fatty amphiphiles of the present invention also have a hydrophilic head group which does not make the compound water soluble.
- water soluble means that the material is soluble in water in the present composition. In general, the material should be soluble at 25° C. at a concentration of 0.1 % by weight of the water solvent, preferably at 1%, more preferably at 5%, more preferably at 15% of the oral care composition.
- the fatty amphiphile may be characterized as a compound having a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (“HLB”) of 6 or less.
- HLB Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance
- the HLB is the standard HLB according to Griffin, J. Soc. Cosm. Chem., vol. 5, 249 (1954).
- the gel network component can also comprise a secondary surfactant.
- surfactant refers to one or more surfactants which are combined with the fatty amphiphile and oral carrier to form the gel network.
- the secondary surfactant is typically water soluble or miscible in the solvent or oral carrier.
- the secondary surfactant may be characterized as a compound having a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (“HLB”) of 6 or more and typically from about 8 to about 30.
- HLB Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance
- the HLB is the standard HLB according to Griffin, J. Soc. Cosm. Chem., vol. 5, 249 (1954).
- the surfactant will be reasonably stable and foam throughout a wide pH angle.
- the oral care composition can comprise a secondary surfactant as part of gel network phase in an amount from about 0.01% to about 15%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, and/or from about 0.3% to about 5%, by weight of the oral care composition.
- a diluted solution of surfactant in water can be utilized.
- the amount of surfactant can be chosen based on the level of foaming desired in the oral care composition and on the irritation caused by the surfactant. Once the level of surfactant is chosen, then the level of fatty amphiphile that forms a gel network is chosen. For example, in oral care compositions with low level of solvents, a greater amount of fatty amphiphile may be required whereas in oral care compositions with high level of solvents or water, a low level of fatty amphiphile may be chosen.
- Suitable secondary surfactants include anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, cationic, and nonionic surfactants. In one embodiment, anionic surfactants are preferred.
- the secondary surfactants may be a combination of more than one type of surfactants, such as an anionic and nonionic surfactant.
- the gel network component can also comprise solvents, such as water or other suitable solvents.
- solvents such as water or other suitable solvents.
- the solvent and the secondary surfactant together contribute to the swelling of the fatty amphiphile. This, in turn, leads to the formation and the stability of the gel network.
- the solvent can help to keep the dentifrice composition from hardening upon exposure to air and provide a moist feel in the mouth.
- the solvent refers to suitable solvents which can be used in the place of or in combination with water in the formation of the gel network.
- Suitable solvents include, for example, water, edible polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, diglycerin, triglycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, butylene glycol, erythritol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and combinations thereof. Sorbitol, glycerin, water, and combinations thereof are preferred solvents.
- the oral care compositions can comprise solvents as part of the gel network phase in an amount suitable to achieve a gel network when combined with fatty amphiphile and secondary surfactant.
- the oral care compositions can comprise as part of the gel network phase at least about 0.05% of a solvent, by weight of the oral care composition.
- the solvent may be present in the oral care composition in amount of from about 0.1% to about 99%, from about 0.5% to about 95%, and from about 1% to about 90%.
- the solvent is present in the gel network phase and may also be added or present in the oral carrier phase.
- the oral care composition can be described by its stain removal efficacy.
- the oral care composition can be described by the ⁇ E of a stained bovine tooth.
- a bovine tooth can be stained with black tea and treated with an oral care composition of the present invention to remove the black tea stain.
- the ⁇ E can be calculated using Formula 1.
- a higher value for ⁇ E corresponded to more remaining stain after treatment while a lower value for ⁇ E corresponded to less remaining stain after treatment.
- the oral care composition can have a ⁇ E of about 4 or less, about 3.5 or less, about 3 or less, about 2.75 or less, about 2.5 or less, or about 2 or less.
- the oral care composition can have a corresponding increase in L values following treatment and reduction in b values such that L values were in the range of about -6 to about 0 and b values were in the range of about -3 to about 3 and a values were in the range of about -2 to about 2.
- the Relative Dentin Abrasion (RDA) test is typically performed to confirm that a dentifrice composition, e.g., toothpaste, is safe for consumer use, with the upper limit of the test set at 250.
- Oral care compositions of the present invention can have an RDA at 12.5 wt.% (0.5 wt% of Z165, 7 wt% of Z109, and 5 wt% of Z119) loading of less than about 250, less than about 225, from about 100 to about 225, or from about 120 to about 200.
- RDA Relative Dentin Abrasion
- the oral care compositions can be described by their Pellicle Cleaning Ratio (PCR), which is a measure of the cleaning characteristics of a dentifrice composition with one or more polyphosphates.
- the oral care compositions can have a PCR at 12.5 wt.% (0.5 wt% of Z165, 7 wt% of Z109, and 5 wt% of Z119) loading of about 70 to about 170, from about 80 to about 155, greater than about 100, greater than about 80, or from about 90 to 160.
- PCR Pellicle Cleaning Ratio
- the oral care compositions can be described by the ratio of its PCR to its RDA. This ratio can describe the how effective the compositions are at gently cleaning the surface of teeth.
- the oral care compositions can have a PCR/RDA ratio of about 0.6 or greater, about 0.65 or greater, about 0.68 or greater, or about 0.7 or greater.
- An in-vitro model was used to evaluate the stain removing ability of the oral care compositions.
- the model evaluated chemical effects on stain removal and not, for example, the effect of abrasive in dentifrice.
- a stained pellicle is formed by staining bleached bovine teeth (staining cycles 1-3 in the detailed protocol).
- the stained teeth were subsequently treated with a either a diluted dentifrice slurry or a neat rinse (whitening cycles 1-6 in the detailed protocol).
- the stain removal performance was evaluated by comparing an image of the tooth before and after treatment (imaging in the detailed protocol).
- a salivary pellicle was grown on bleached bovine teeth (bleached bovine PCR chips 1 cm x 1 cm from Therametric Technologies, Inc., Noblesville, IN).
- a set of 4 teeth were affixed in the lid of a 6 well plate such that each set can be immerse into the wells of the plate when closed.
- each test had a replicate of 4 teeth, which were averaged.
- Each tooth was stained by treating the bleached bovine tooth with Lipton® black tea in the presence of expectorated pooled saliva from healthy subjects (“saliva” in the detailed protocol).
- the tea solution was made by heating 300 mL of water in a beaker to 90-100° C. with a magnetic stirrer.
- the stained bovine teeth were imaged with a digital camera to determine the starting values for L (lightness), a (red/green coordinate), and b (yellow/blue coordinate).
- the stained teeth were randomized and treated with a selected composition.
- the stained teeth were treated with dentifrice slurry or the mouth rinse. Dentifrice slurries were made by mixing the selected dentifrice with USP water (1:1 wt/wt) in a cup with lid with a magnetic stirrer for 30 min. Mouth rinses were used as prepared without any dilution. After the treatment with the selected composition, the teeth were washed with water. This process was repeated 6 total times.
- the tooth samples were imaged to determine final values for L, a, and b.
- ⁇ L, ⁇ a, and ⁇ b values were calculated by subtracting the initial values from the final values for L, a, and b.
- a value for ⁇ E was calculated by Formula 1.
- Teeth Staining Protocol Steps Stage 1. Red sticky wax and superglue were used to attach teeth to inside top cover of 6 well plates 2. Teeth were incubated at 37° C. while shaking overnight in 10 mL of saliva Incubation 3. Teeth were shaken for 15 min ( ⁇ 140 rpm) at room temperature (23° C.) with 10 mL Lipton® black tea (originally added at 45° C.-60° C.) 4. Teeth were incubated for 20 min with gentle shaking ( ⁇ 100 rpm) with 10 mL of saliva at 37° C. 5. Steps 3 and 4 were repeated twice. Stain Cycle 1-3 6. The stained teeth were set out to dry (1 hr), pried off plates, imaged, and then randomized. Imaging 7. Red sticky wax and superglue were used to attach teeth to inside top cover of well plates 9. Teeth were incubated at 37° C. while shaking overnight in 10 mL of saliva Incubation
- An in vitro model was used for evaluating the cleaning ability of dentifrices and abrasive powders. First, stained teeth were obtained. Next, the stained teeth were subsequently treated with a dentifrice with an abrasive. Finally, the stain removal performance was evaluated by comparing an image of the tooth before and after treatment.
- Stained PCR chips were obtained directly from a supplier (stained PCR chips from Therametric Technologies, Inc., Noblesville, IN). Each tooth was stained in accordance with procedures described in Stookey et al. In vitro Removal of Stain with Dentifrices. J. Dent. Res. 61 (1982) 1236-1239 and Schemehorn et al. Abrasion, Polishing, and Stain Removal Characteristics of Various Commercial Dentifrices In Vitro . J. Clinical Dent. 22 (2011) 11-18, which are herein incorporated by reference.
- the stained bovine teeth were imaged with a digital camera to determine the starting values for L (lightness), a (red/green coordinate) and b (yellow/blue coordinate).
- the stained teeth were randomized and treated with a selected composition.
- Dentifrice slurries were prepared by diluting 25 g of the selected dentifrice composition with 40 g of ultrapure distilled water. Dentifrice slurries were compared to a calcium pyrophosphate standard slurry prepared by combining 10 g of calcium pyrophosphate (Model No. A27672, Odontex Solutia, St. Louis, MO) with 50 g of a solution containing 0.5 wt% of carboxymethylcellulose (Model No. CA192, Spectrum Chemicals, New Brunswick, NJ) and 10 wt% of glycerol (Model No. GX0185-6, EMD, Burlington, MA).
- a calcium pyrophosphate standard slurry prepared by combining 10 g of calcium pyrophosphate (Model No. A27672, Odontex Solutia, St. Louis, MO) with 50 g of a solution containing 0.5 wt% of carboxymethylcellulose (Model No. CA192, Spectrum Chemicals, New Brunswick, NJ) and 10
- V-8 brushing machine Sabri Dental Enterprises, Downers Grove, IL
- the tension of each brush was adjusted to 150 g by loosening or tightening the spring tension screws on the V-8 brushing machine.
- the brushes used were ADA40 Brushes.
- the slurry solutions were attached to each brushing station.
- the V-8 brush machine was set to 800 strokes at 50 strokes/18 sec.
- the Relative Dentin Abrasion (RDA) test is typically performed to confirm that a dentifrice composition, e.g., toothpaste, is safe for consumer use, with the upper limit of the test set at 250.
- the RDA was determined using the industrial published standard as outlined in FDIS-ISO 11609, Annexure, third edition Annex B: Determination of relative dentifrice abrasivity to enamel and dentine by a surface profile method, which is herein incorporated by reference. This method is based on the determination of abraded depth after brushing using profilometry.
- Rinse Formulations with one polyphosphate Ingredients Rinse A (wt%) Rinse B (wt%) Control Water 93 93 100 Glycerin 5 5 0 Glass H 2 2 0 pH c 4 a 6 b 6.9 a pH adjusted down to 4 with HCI b pH adjusted up to 6 with NaOH c pH of neat mouth rinse
- Rinse A and Rinse B only had 2 wt% of Glass H (sodium hexametaphosphate) in a glycerin/water chassis and a water control.
- polyphosphate compositions with lower pH can remove more stain from teeth.
- Rinse C, D, and E which had more than one polyphosphate compound.
- Rinse C, D, and E had 1 wt% of sodium hexametaphosphate, but differed in the amount of pentasodium tripolyphosphate. The amount of water was adjusted according to the amount of added tripolyphosphate.
- Rinse C had 1 wt% tripolyphosphate
- Rinse D had 0.5 wt% tripolyphosphate
- Rinse E had 0 wt% of tripolyphosphate.
- the pH of Rinses C, D, and E were essentially 5.
- Rinse formulations with more than one polyphosphate Rinse Ingredients Rinse F (%) Rinse G (wt%) Purified Water 91.62 91.62 Glycerin 5.00 5.00 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution (28% in water) 0.35 0.35 Hexaphos polyphosphate 1.50 1.50 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.76 0.76 Poloxamer 407 0.50 0.50 Sodium Benzoate 0.15 0.15 Sucralose 0.02 0.02 Sodium Saccharin 0.02 0.02 Flavor 0.10 0.10 pH a 8 5 a pH of neat mouth rinse
- TABLE 5 TABLE 6, and TABLE 7 show dentifrice formulations A through M.
- Dentifrice formulations A through M are summarized in TABLE 8 to show the composition of the polyphosphate source, the pH, and ⁇ E values for Dentifrice A through M compared with a water control, Colgate® Optic White Stain Fighter, and Colgate® Optic White Platinum.
- Dentifrice A-D were prepared at pH 4.5 with very similar formulations as in TABLE 5.
- a medium length polyphosphate benephos polyphosphate
- Dentifrice J-R were prepared with similar formulations as in TABLE 5 and TABLE 7. Dentifrice samples combining pyrophosphate (a shorter length polyphosphate) with a medium length polyphosphate at a pH of less than about 5, such as Dentifrice E and M, removed much more stain than commercial formulations with only pyrophosphate, such as Colgate® Optic White Stain Fighter and Colgate® Optic White Platinum, as in TABLE 8. Importantly, Dentifrice E and M (without peroxide) remove more stain than Colgate® Optic White Platinum that contains peroxide that can be harsh in consumers’ mouths.
- Dentifrice A had a ⁇ E value of 2.31 while Dentifrice L had a ⁇ E value of 4.99.
- a dentifrice sample with greater than about 20% or about 20% or greater of water performs better than an anhydrous dentifrice sample.
- TABLE 9 shows the measured PCR and RDA values for selected dentifrice formulations.
- Dentifrice L has an RDA value of 245.0 while Dentifrice N has an RDA value of 197.1 without a large compromise in PCR values.
- Dentifrice M with short/medium polyphosphate molecules, had a higher PCR (i.e. better stain removal) than Dentifrice L with a longer polyphosphate molecule (Glass H) and Dentifrice R with no polyphosphate source.
- Dentifrice M had half of the amount of silica compared with Dentifrice L, but still demonstrated a higher PCR value, which displays the gentle cleaning effect of reducing the amount of silica, but adding a second linear polyphosphate. This modification also decreased the RDA value.
- Dentifrice N-Q differ only in the pH of the formulation. TABLE 9 shows that dentifrice compositions with lower pH values had higher PCR values.
- TABLE 9 also shows the PCR/RDA ratio values for selected dentifrice formulations.
- Dentifrice L (7% Glass H) has a PCR/RDA ratio of 0.551 while Dentifrice R has a PCR/RDA ratio of 0.60.
- Dentifrice M-Q (with at least one medium or shorter chain length polyphosphate molecules) have PCR/RDA ratios of greater than 0.65 indicating a high cleaning benefit relative to the dentin abrasion characteristics of the dentifrice formulations.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
A dentifrice composition includes about 20% or greater, by weight of the dentifrice composition, of water, a fluoride ion source, a polyphosphate source comprising a first linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 6 to about 21, and a pH of about 5 or less.
Description
- The present invention relates to compositions comprising medium length linear polyphosphates and compositions further comprising shorter length linear polyphosphates.
- Polyphosphates are a class of materials obtained by the dehydration and condensation of orthophosphate to yield linear and cyclic polyphosphates of varying chain lengths. Polyphosphate compounds are commonly used in oral care compositions as anti-tartar agents and for stain prevention. Unfortunately, linear polyphosphates undergo acid catalyzed hydrolysis reactions while in compositions with a pH of 6 or less. Thus, many oral care compositions comprising linear polyphosphates are currently formulated at a pH of 7 or higher.
- In some cases, linear polyphosphates have been formulated with a water content of less than 20 wt% to mitigate acid catalyzed hydrolysis reactions. Formulating the oral care composition to have a low amount of water can minimize aqueous reactivity. However, these compositions can have poor stain removal performance. In many cases, the amount of abrasive is increased, or oxidizing agents are added to improve stain removal performance. Unfortunately, increased amounts of abrasive can increase the RDA while oxidizing agents can be irritating to the oral cavity.
- Accordingly, it would be beneficial to have a composition with an improved stain removal performance without having to increase the amount of abrasive or incorporating oxidizing agents.
- This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify required or essential features of the claimed subject matter. Nor is this summary intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
- An oral care composition having about 20 wt% or greater, by weight of the oral care composition, of water, a polyphosphate source comprising a first linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 6 to about 21, a pH of about 5 or less, and a ΔE of about 3 or less. The polyphosphate source can also have a second linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 2 to about 6.
- A dentifrice composition having about 20% or greater, by weight of the dentifrice composition, of water, a fluoride ion source, a polyphosphate source comprising a first linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 6 to about 21, and a pH of about 5 or less. The polyphosphate source can also have a second linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 2 to about 6.
- A mouth rinse composition having about 20% or greater, by weight of the mouth rinse composition, of water, a polyphosphate source comprising a first linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 6 to about 21, and a pH of about 5 or less. The polyphosphate source can also have a second linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 2 to about 6.
- The present invention is directed to oral care compositions comprising medium length linear polyphosphates and compositions further comprising shorter length linear polyphosphates. As polyphosphate molecules are prone to undergo acid catalyzed hydrolysis reactions, current formulations comprising polyphosphate molecules have a pH of 7 or greater and/or are formulated to have less than 20 wt% of water.
- However, as described herein, polyphosphate molecules can remove more stain from teeth at lower pHs. Thus, it would be advantageous to have a composition comprising polyphosphate molecules at a pH of about 5 or less. As described herein, oral care compositions comprising a medium length linear polyphosphate and oral care compositions further comprising a shorter length linear polyphosphate at a pH of about 5 or less can demonstrate increased stain removal.
- Additionally, many whitening dentifrice compositions have high levels of abrasive or they incorporate specific highly abrasive abrasives to improve stain removal from tooth surfaces. Unfortunately, this may lead to dentifrice compositions with high RDA values that can lead to abrasion of enamel and dentine. Thus, the present invention is directed to compositions comprising one or more polyphosphate sources, which can alleviate these challenges. Without wishing to being bound by theory, it is believed that when polyphosphate sources are properly formulated they can help to loosen the stains from teeth surfaces so that elevated levels of abrasives or highly abrasive abrasives are not required.
- While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the present invention will be better understood from the following description.
- To define more clearly the terms used herein, the following definitions are provided. Unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions are applicable to this disclosure. If a term is used in this disclosure but is not specifically defined herein, the definition from the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd Ed (1997), can be applied, as long as that definition does not conflict with any other disclosure or definition applied herein, or render indefinite or non-enabled any claim to which that definition is applied.
- The term “oral care composition”, as used herein, includes a product, which in the ordinary course of usage, is not intentionally swallowed for purposes of systemic administration of particular therapeutic agents, but is rather retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact dental surfaces or oral tissues. Examples of oral care compositions include dentifrice, tooth gel, subgingival gel, mouth rinse, mousse, foam, mouth spray, lozenge, chewable tablet, chewing gum, tooth whitening strips, floss and floss coatings, breath freshening dissolvable strips, or denture care or adhesive product. The oral care composition may also be incorporated onto strips or films for direct application or attachment to oral surfaces.
- The term “dentifrice”, as used herein, includes tooth or subgingival -paste, gel, or liquid formulations unless otherwise specified. The dentifrice composition may be a single-phase composition or may be a combination of two or more separate dentifrice compositions. The dentifrice composition may be in any desired form, such as deep striped, surface striped, multilayered, having a gel surrounding a paste, or any combination thereof. Each dentifrice composition in a dentifrice comprising two or more separate dentifrice compositions may be contained in a physically separated compartment of a dispenser and dispensed side-by-side.
- The term “mouth rinse”, as used herein, includes an aqueous solution unless otherwise specified. The mouth rinse composition in the ordinary course of usage, is not intentionally swallowed for purposes of systemic administration of particular therapeutic agents, but is rather retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact substantially all of the dental surfaces and/or oral tissues in the oral cavity.
- “Active and other ingredients” useful herein may be categorized or described herein by their cosmetic and/or therapeutic benefit or their postulated mode of action or function. However, it is to be understood that the active and other ingredients useful herein can, in some instances, provide more than one cosmetic and/or therapeutic benefit or function or operate via more than one mode of action. Therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake of convenience and are not intended to limit an ingredient to the particularly stated function(s) or activities listed.
- The term “orally acceptable carrier” comprises one or more compatible solid or liquid excipients or diluents which are suitable for topical oral administration. By “compatible,” as used herein, is meant that the components of the composition are capable of being commingled without interaction in a manner which would substantially reduce the composition’s stability and/or efficacy. The carriers or excipients of the present invention can include the usual and conventional components of mouthwashes or mouth rinses, as more fully described hereinafter: Mouthwash or mouth rinse carrier materials typically include, but are not limited to one or more of water, alcohol, humectants, surfactants, and acceptance improving agents, such as flavoring, sweetening, coloring and/or cooling agents.
- While compositions and methods are described herein in terms of “comprising” various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components or steps, unless stated otherwise.
- As used herein, the word “or” when used as a connector of two or more elements is meant to include the elements individually and in combination; for example, X or Y, means X or Y or both.
- As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are understood to mean one or more of the material that is claimed or described, for example, “an oral care composition” or “a bleaching agent.”
- All measurements referred to herein are made at about 23° C. (i.e. room temperature) unless otherwise specified.
- Generally, groups of elements are indicated using the numbering scheme indicated in the version of the periodic table of elements published in Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27, 1985. In some instances, a group of elements can be indicated using a common name assigned to the group; for example, alkali metals for Group 1 elements, alkaline earth metals for Group 2 elements, and so forth.
- Several types of ranges are disclosed in the present invention. When a range of any type is disclosed or claimed, the intent is to disclose or claim individually each possible number that such a range could reasonably encompass, including end points of the range as well as any sub-ranges and combinations of sub-ranges encompassed therein.
- The term “about” means that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but can be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement errors, and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. In general, an amount, size, formulation, parameter or other quantity or characteristic is “about” or “approximate” whether or not expressly stated to be such. The term “about” also encompasses amounts that differ due to different equilibrium conditions for a composition resulting from a particular initial mixture. Whether or not modified by the term “about,” the claims include equivalents to the quantities. The term “about” can mean within 10% of the reported numerical value, preferably within 5% of the reported numerical value.
- The term RDA refers to Relative Dentin Abrasion or Radioactive Dentin Abrasion as defined in FDI-ISO 11609. The term PCR refers to Pellicle Cleaning Ratio as defined in the original paper by Stookey et al. 1982 and later used by Schemehorn et al. 2011 to characterize the relative effectiveness of oral care compositions to remove a laboratory-sourced, human-like, stain from enamel chips. These experimental techniques will be described in greater detail later.
- The oral care composition can be in any suitable form, such as a solid, liquid, powder, paste, or combinations thereof. The oral care composition can be dentifrice, tooth gel, subgingival gel, mouth rinse, mousse, foam, mouth spray, lozenge, chewable tablet, chewing gum, tooth whitening strips, floss and floss coatings, breath freshening dissolvable strips, or denture care or adhesive product. The components of the oral care composition can be incorporated into a film, a strip, a foam, or a fiber-based oral care composition. The oral care composition can include a variety of active and inactive ingredients, such as, for example, but not limited to one or more polyphosphate sources, water, a fluoride source, humectants, surfactants, low levels or no other whitening agents, abrasives, other ingredients, and the like, as well as any combination thereof, as described below.
- The oral care composition can comprise a polyphosphate source. A polyphosphate source can comprise one or more polyphosphate molecules. Polyphosphates are a class of materials obtained by the dehydration and condensation of orthophosphate to yield linear and cyclic polyphosphates of varying chain lengths. Thus, polyphosphate molecules are generally identified with an average number (n) of polyphosphate molecules, as described below. A polyphosphate is generally understood to consist of two or more phosphate molecules arranged primarily in a linear configuration, although some cyclic derivatives may be present.
- Preferred polyphosphates are those having an average of two or more phosphate groups so that surface adsorption at effective concentrations produces sufficient non-bound phosphate functions, which enhance the anionic surface charge as well as hydrophilic character of the surfaces. Preferred in this invention are the linear polyphosphates having the formula: XO(XPO3)nX, wherein X is sodium, potassium, ammonium, or any other alkali metal cations and n averages from about 2 to about 21. Alkali earth metal cations, such as calcium, are not preferred because they tend to form insoluble fluoride salts from aqueous solutions comprising a fluoride ions and alkali earth metal cations. Thus, the oral care compositions disclosed herein can be free of or substantially free of calcium pyrophosphate.
- Some examples of suitable polyphosphate molecules include, for example, pyrophosphate (n=2), tripolyphosphate (n=3), tetrapolyphosphate (n=4), sodaphos polyphosphate (n=6), hexaphos polyphosphate (n=13), benephos polyphosphate (n=14), hexametaphosphate (n=21), which is also known as Glass H. Polyphosphates can include those polyphosphate compounds manufactured by FMC Corporation, ICL Performance Products, and/or Astaris.
- The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 1 to about 20%, or about 10% or less, by weight of the oral care composition, of the polyphosphate source.
- Many polyphosphates are susceptible to hydrolysis in high water formulations with an acidic pH, particularly below pH 6. In many cases, longer-chain polyphosphates, such as Glass H having an average chain length of about 21, were utilized in oral care compositions because such longer-chain polyphosphates, were more resistant to acid catalyzed hydrolysis and were still effective to deposit onto teeth and provide a stain preventive benefit. However, as described herein, oral care compositions with medium length chains can be as effective or more effective at removing stains as oral care compositions comprising longer-chain polyphosphates. Additionally, the oral care composition can comprise an additional polyphosphate compound, which can be as effective or more effective at removing stains as oral care compositions comprising only longer-chain polyphosphates.
- The oral care composition can comprise a first linear polyphosphate. The first linear polyphosphate can comprise a medium length linear polyphosphate. The first linear polyphosphate can comprise a polyphosphate with an average number of phosphate molecules (n) of from about 6 to about 21, from about 8 to about 21, from about 6 to about 14, from about 8 to about 14, or from about 8 to about 13. The first linear polyphosphate can comprise sodaphos polyphosphate (n=6), hexaphos polyphosphate (n=13), benephos polyphosphate (n=14), hexametaphosphate (n=21), and/or mixtures thereof. The first linear polyphosphate can comprise hexaphos polyphosphate (n=13), benephos polyphosphate (n=14), and/or mixtures thereof. The first linear polyphosphate can exclude any calcium counter ions.
- The polyphosphate source can comprise a second linear polyphosphate. The second linear polyphosphate can comprise a shorter length linear polyphosphate. The second linear polyphosphate can comprise a polyphosphate with an average number of phosphate molecules (n) of from about 2 to about 8, from about 2 to about 6, or from about 3 to about 6. The second linear polyphosphate can comprise pyrophosphate (n=2), tripolyphosphate (n=3), tetrapolyphosphate (n=4), sodaphos polyphosphate (n=6), and/or mixtures thereof. The second linear polyphosphate can exclude any calcium counter ions.
- The polyphosphate source can comprise a third, fourth, fifth, or more polyphosphate. The additional polyphosphates can comprise a polyphosphate molecule with an average number of phosphate molecules (n) of from about 2 to about 21, from about 6 to about 21, from about 6 to about 14, or from about 8 to about 13.
- The ratio of the first linear polyphosphate to the second polyphosphate can from about 6:1 to about 1:1, from about 4:1 to about 1:1, from about 2:1 to about 1:1, or about 1:1, by weight of the oral care composition.
- The oral care composition of the present invention can be anhydrous, a low water formulation, or a high water formulation. In total, the oral care composition can comprise from 0% to about 99%, about 20% or greater, about 30% or greater, or about 50% or greater by weight of the composition, of water. Preferably, the water is USP water.
- In a high water dentifrice formulation, the dentifrice composition comprises from about 45% to about 75%, by weight of the composition, of water. The high water dentifrice composition can comprise from about 45% to about 65%, from about 45% to about 55%, or from about 46% to about 54%, by weight of the composition, of water. The water may be added to the high water dentifrice formulation and/or may come into the composition from the inclusion of other ingredients.
- In a low water dentifrice formulation, the dentifrice composition comprises from about 10% to about 45%, by weight of the composition, of water. The low water dentifrice composition can comprise from about 10% to about 35%, from about 15% to about 25%, or from about 20% to about 25%, by weight of the composition, of water. The water may be added to the low water dentifrice formulation and/or may come into the composition from the inclusion of other ingredients.
- In an anhydrous dentifrice formulation, the dentifrice composition comprises less than about 10%, by weight of the composition, of water. The anhydrous dentifrice composition comprises less than 5%, less than 1%, or 0%, by weight of the composition, of water. The water may be added to the anhydrous formulation and/or may come into the dentifrice composition from the inclusion of other ingredients.
- A mouth rinse formulation comprises from about 75% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 95%, or from about 80% to about 95% of water.
- The oral care composition can also comprise other orally acceptable carrier materials, such as alcohol, humectants, polymers, surfactants, and acceptance improving agents, such as flavoring, sweetening, coloring and/or cooling agents. Alternatively, the oral care composition can be free of or substantially free of alcohol as an orally acceptable carrier.
- The oral care composition can comprise a fluoride source. The fluoride source can comprise fluoride containing compounds, such as stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, amine fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, zinc fluoride, and mixtures thereof. The fluoride source can comprise sodium monofluorophosphate.
- Alternatively, the fluoride source can have a single fluoride source. The single fluoride source can be sodium monofluorophosphate. While not wishing to be bound by theory, free fluoride ions, such as the fluoride ions provided by, for example, sodium fluoride and/or stannous fluoride in aqueous solutions at low pHs, can react with polyphosphate molecules. Thus, sodium monofluorophosphate may be used as the single fluoride source to prevent fluoride-polyphosphate reactivity in the oral care composition. The oral care composition can be free of sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or any other source of free fluoride ions in aqueous solutions with a pH of less than about 5 or about 5 or less.
- The oral care composition can comprise a fluoride source capable of providing from about 50 ppm to about 3500 ppm, and preferably from about 500 ppm to about 3000 ppm of free fluoride ions. To deliver the desired amount of fluoride ions, the fluoride source may be present in the total dentifrice composition at an amount of from about 0.0025% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 1%, from about 0.5% to about 1.5%, or from about 0.3% to about 0.6%, by weight of the oral care composition.
- The oral care composition can have an acidic pH because, as described herein, the stain removal benefits of the polyphosphate source is enhanced at a lower pH. The oral care composition can have a pH of about 6 or less, about 5 or less, about 4.5 or less, about 4 or less, from about 2 to about 5, from about 3 to about 5, from about 3 to about 4.5, less than about 5, less than about 4.5, and/or about 4.5. The pH of the oral care composition can be adjusted using one or more pH control agents. The one or more pH control agents can be acidic if the pH of the oral care composition is to be adjusted to a lower pH or the one or more pH control agents can be basic if the pH of the oral care composition is to be adjusted to a higher pH. Compounds capable of modifying the pH of an oral care composition are well known in the art.
- The oral care composition can comprise a humectant, have low levels of a humectant, or be free of a humectant. Humectants serve to add body or “mouth texture” to an oral care composition or dentifrice as well as preventing the dentifrice from drying out. Suitable humectants include polyethylene glycol (at a variety of different molecular weights), propylene glycol, glycerin (glycerol), erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, lactitol, and hydrogenated starch hydrolyzates, and mixtures thereof. The oral care composition can comprise amount from 0 to about 70%, from about 10% to about 60%, or from about 25% to about 60%, by weight of the oral care composition, of a humectant.
- The oral care composition can comprise one or more surfactants. The surfactants can be used to make the compositions more cosmetically acceptable. The surfactant is preferably a detersive material which imparts to the composition detersive and foaming properties. Suitable surfactants are safe and effective amounts of anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and betaine surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkali metal or ammonium salts of lauroyl sarcosinate, myristoyl sarcosinate, palmitoyl sarcosinate, stearoyl sarcosinate and oleoyl sarcosinate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, isostearate and laurate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, N-lauroyl sarcosine, the sodium, potassium, and ethanolamine salts of N-lauroyl, N-myristoyl, or N-palmitoyl sarcosine, polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, cocoamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, palmityl betaine and the like. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a preferred surfactant. The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.1% to about 15%, from about 0.3% to about 10%, or from about 0.3% to about 2.5%, by weight of the composition, of the surfactant.
- The oral care composition can comprise low levels or no other whitening agents. Other whitening agents can include bleaching or oxidizing agents, such as peroxides, perborates, percarbonates, peroxyacids, persulfates, metal chlorites, and mixtures thereof. Suitable peroxide compounds include hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, calcium peroxide, and mixtures thereof. Other suitable whitening agents include potassium, ammonium, Sodium and lithium persulfates and perborate mono- and tetrahydrates, and sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate. The oral care composition can be free of or substantially free of other whitening agents. Other whitening agents, such as peroxide, can be irritating to the oral cavity during use of oral care compositions comprising other whitening agents. The present invention provides an alternative strategy to remove stains, namely a lower pH and a polyphosphate source that can replace other whitening agents.
- The oral care composition can comprise from 0 to about 1%, from 0 to about 0.1%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, less than about 0.1%, or less than about 0.01%, by weight of the composition, of the other whitening agents.
- The oral care compositions can comprise one or more abrasives. Abrasives can be added to dentifrice formulations to help remove surface stains from teeth. However, elevated levels of abrasives can raise the RDA ratings to levels that can lead to dental abrasion or loss of dentin. Polyphosphates can help loosen surface stains so that a lower amount of abrasive can be used. Increasing the effectiveness of the polyphosphate source can lead to whitening benefits without higher levels of abrasives. Thus, the oral care composition will have a lower RDA rating, but will not compromise on its whitening or cleaning effect (PCR value). Alternatively, the oral care composition can comprise a lower level of abrasives, such as for example, from about 5% to 25%, from about 10% to about 20%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, or from about 10% to about 15%, by weight of the oral care composition, of one or more abrasives without a sacrifice of the PCR value.
- Some suitable abrasives include, for example, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), ground calcium carbonate (GCC), chalk, bentonite, dicalcium phosphate or its dihydrate forms, silica gel (by itself, and of any structure), precipitated silica, amorphous precipitated silica (by itself, and of any structure as well), perlite, titanium dioxide, dicalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, alumina, hydrated alumina, calcined alumina, aluminum silicate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate, insoluble potassium metaphosphate, insoluble magnesium carbonate, zirconium silicate, particulate thermosetting resins and other suitable abrasive materials. Such materials can be introduced into the oral care compositions to tailor the polishing characteristics of the target formulation.
- The oral care composition can comprise thickening agents. Thickening agents can be useful in the dentifrice compositions to provide a gelatinous structure that stabilizes the toothpaste against phase separation. Suitable thickening agents include polysaccharides and silica thickeners. Some non-limiting examples of polysaccharides include starch; glycerite of starch; gums such as gum karaya (sterculia gum), gum tragacanth, gum arabic, gum ghatti, gum acacia, xanthan gum, guar gum and cellulose gum; magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum); carrageenan; sodium alginate; agar-agar; pectin; gelatin; cellulose compounds such as cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl carboxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and sulfated cellulose; natural and synthetic clays such as hectorite clays; and mixtures thereof.
- The thickening agent can comprise polysaccharides. Polysaccharides that are suitable for use herein include carageenans, gellan gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, carbomers, poloxamers, modified cellulose, and mixtures thereof. Carageenan is a polysaccharide derived from seaweed. There are several types of carageenan that may be distinguished by their seaweed source and/or by their degree of and position of sulfation. The thickening agent can comprise kappa carageenans, modified kappa carageenans, iota carageenans, modified iota carageenans, lambda carrageenan, and mixtures thereof. Carageenans suitable for use herein include those commercially available from the FMC Company under the series designation “Viscarin,” including but not limited to Viscarin TP 329, Viscarin TP 388, and Viscarin TP 389.
- The thickening agent can comprise inorganic thickening agents. Some non-limiting examples of suitable inorganic thickening agents include colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, silica thickeners. Useful silica thickeners include, for example, include, as a non-limiting example, an amorphous precipitated silica such as ZEODENT® 165 silica. Other non-limiting silica thickeners include ZEODENT® 153, 163, and 167, and ZEOFREE® 177 and 265 silica products, all available from Evonik Corporation, and AEROSIL® fumed silicas.
- The oral care composition can comprise from 0% to about 15%, from 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, or from about 0.5 % to about 2% of one or more thickening agents.
- The oral care composition can comprise less than about 5%, less than about 3%, less than about 1%, from about 0.1% to about 1%, from about 0.3% to about 3%, or from about 0.5% to about 5%, by weight of the oral care compositions of one or more polymers. The polymer can be a polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or a copolymer of maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether of various weight percentages of the oral care compositions as well as various ranges of average molecular ranges.
- The oral care composition can comprise a variety of other ingredients. Flavoring agents also can be added to the oral care compositions. Suitable flavoring agents include, but are not limited to, oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, oil of sassafras, and oil of clove, cinnamon, anethole, menthol, thymol, eugenol, eucalyptol, lemon, orange and other such flavor compounds to add fruit notes, spice notes, etc. These flavoring agents generally comprise mixtures of aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols, acids, and aliphatic, aromatic and other alcohols.
- Sweeteners can be added to the oral care composition to impart a pleasing taste to the product. Suitable sweeteners include saccharin (as sodium, potassium or calcium saccharin), cyclamate (as a sodium, potassium or calcium salt), acesulfame-K, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, ammoniated glycyrrhizin, dextrose, levulose, sucrose, mannose, sucralose, stevia, and glucose.
- Colorants can be added to improve the aesthetic appearance of the product. Suitable colorants include without limitation those colorants approved by appropriate regulatory bodies such as the FDA and those listed in the European Food and Pharmaceutical Directives and include pigments, such as TiO2, and colors such as FD&C and D&C dyes.
- Preservatives also can be added to the oral care compositions to prevent bacterial growth. Suitable preservatives approved for use in oral compositions such as methylparaben, propylparaben, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate can be added in safe and effective amounts.
- Other ingredients can be used in the oral care composition, such as desensitizing agents, healing agents, other caries preventative agents, chelating/sequestering agents, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, other anti-plaque/anti-calculus agents, opacifiers, antibiotics, anti-enzymes, enzymes, pH control agents, oxidizing agents, antioxidants, and the like.
- The oral care composition can comprise a dispersed gel network phase comprising a fatty amphiphile. As used herein, the term “gel network” refers to a lamellar or vesicular solid crystalline phase which comprises at least one fatty amphiphile as specified below, at least one secondary surfactant as specified below, and a solvent as specified below. The lamellar or vesicular phase comprises bi-layers made up of a first layer comprising the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant and alternating with a second layer comprising the solvent. For the lamellar crystalline phase to form, the fatty amphiphile and secondary surfactant must be dispersed within the solvent. The term “solid crystalline”, as used herein, refers to the structure of the lamellar or vesicular phase which forms at a temperature below the chain melt temperature of the layer in the gel network comprising the one or more fatty amphiphiles.
- An oral care composition comprising a gel network may be prepared by heating the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant, and solvent to a level in the range of about 50° C. to about 90° C. and mixing. This mixture is cooled to a level in the range of about 20° C. to about 35° C. by, for example, passing the mixture through a heat exchanger. As a result of this cooling step, the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant crystallize to form a solid crystalline gel network. The oral carriers can be added at any time during this process.
- Alternative methods of preparing the gel network component include sonication and/or milling of the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant, and solvent, while these components are heated, to reduce the particle size of the melted fatty amphiphile phase. This results in an increase in surface area of the fatty amphiphile phase, which allows the secondary surfactant and the solvent to swell the fatty amphiphile phase. Another suitable variation in preparing the gel network includes heating and mixing the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant first, and then adding that mixture to the solvent.
- The weight ratio of the fatty amphiphile to the surfactant in the gel network component can be greater than about 1:5, from about 1:3 to about 100:1, greater than about 1:1 to about 20:1, and/or greater than about 2:1 to about 10:1.
- As used herein, “fatty amphiphile” refers to a compound having a hydrophobic tail group of R1 as defined below and a hydrophilic head group which does not make the compound water soluble (immiscible), wherein the compound also has a net neutral charge at the pH of the oral care composition. Suitable fatty amphiphiles of the present invention also have a hydrophilic head group which does not make the compound water soluble. The term “water soluble”, as used herein, means that the material is soluble in water in the present composition. In general, the material should be soluble at 25° C. at a concentration of 0.1 % by weight of the water solvent, preferably at 1%, more preferably at 5%, more preferably at 15% of the oral care composition.
- The fatty amphiphile may be characterized as a compound having a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (“HLB”) of 6 or less. The HLB, as used herein, is the standard HLB according to Griffin, J. Soc. Cosm. Chem., vol. 5, 249 (1954).
- The gel network component can also comprise a secondary surfactant. As used herein, “surfactant” refers to one or more surfactants which are combined with the fatty amphiphile and oral carrier to form the gel network. The secondary surfactant is typically water soluble or miscible in the solvent or oral carrier. The secondary surfactant may be characterized as a compound having a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (“HLB”) of 6 or more and typically from about 8 to about 30. The HLB, as used herein, is the standard HLB according to Griffin, J. Soc. Cosm. Chem., vol. 5, 249 (1954). Preferably, the surfactant will be reasonably stable and foam throughout a wide pH angle.
- The oral care composition can comprise a secondary surfactant as part of gel network phase in an amount from about 0.01% to about 15%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, and/or from about 0.3% to about 5%, by weight of the oral care composition. A diluted solution of surfactant in water can be utilized. The amount of surfactant can be chosen based on the level of foaming desired in the oral care composition and on the irritation caused by the surfactant. Once the level of surfactant is chosen, then the level of fatty amphiphile that forms a gel network is chosen. For example, in oral care compositions with low level of solvents, a greater amount of fatty amphiphile may be required whereas in oral care compositions with high level of solvents or water, a low level of fatty amphiphile may be chosen.
- Suitable secondary surfactants include anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, cationic, and nonionic surfactants. In one embodiment, anionic surfactants are preferred. The secondary surfactants may be a combination of more than one type of surfactants, such as an anionic and nonionic surfactant.
- The gel network component can also comprise solvents, such as water or other suitable solvents. The solvent and the secondary surfactant together contribute to the swelling of the fatty amphiphile. This, in turn, leads to the formation and the stability of the gel network. In addition to forming the gel network, the solvent can help to keep the dentifrice composition from hardening upon exposure to air and provide a moist feel in the mouth. The solvent, as used herein, refers to suitable solvents which can be used in the place of or in combination with water in the formation of the gel network.
- Suitable solvents include, for example, water, edible polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, diglycerin, triglycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, butylene glycol, erythritol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and combinations thereof. Sorbitol, glycerin, water, and combinations thereof are preferred solvents.
- The oral care compositions can comprise solvents as part of the gel network phase in an amount suitable to achieve a gel network when combined with fatty amphiphile and secondary surfactant. The oral care compositions can comprise as part of the gel network phase at least about 0.05% of a solvent, by weight of the oral care composition. The solvent may be present in the oral care composition in amount of from about 0.1% to about 99%, from about 0.5% to about 95%, and from about 1% to about 90%. The solvent is present in the gel network phase and may also be added or present in the oral carrier phase.
- The oral care composition can be described by its stain removal efficacy. The oral care composition can be described by the ΔE of a stained bovine tooth. A bovine tooth can be stained with black tea and treated with an oral care composition of the present invention to remove the black tea stain. The ΔE can be calculated using Formula 1. A higher value for ΔE corresponded to more remaining stain after treatment while a lower value for ΔE corresponded to less remaining stain after treatment. The oral care composition can have a ΔE of about 4 or less, about 3.5 or less, about 3 or less, about 2.75 or less, about 2.5 or less, or about 2 or less. The oral care composition can have a corresponding increase in L values following treatment and reduction in b values such that L values were in the range of about -6 to about 0 and b values were in the range of about -3 to about 3 and a values were in the range of about -2 to about 2.
- The Relative Dentin Abrasion (RDA) test is typically performed to confirm that a dentifrice composition, e.g., toothpaste, is safe for consumer use, with the upper limit of the test set at 250. Oral care compositions of the present invention can have an RDA at 12.5 wt.% (0.5 wt% of Z165, 7 wt% of Z109, and 5 wt% of Z119) loading of less than about 250, less than about 225, from about 100 to about 225, or from about 120 to about 200. Other appropriate ranges for the RDA are readily apparent from this disclosure.
- The oral care compositions can be described by their Pellicle Cleaning Ratio (PCR), which is a measure of the cleaning characteristics of a dentifrice composition with one or more polyphosphates. The oral care compositions can have a PCR at 12.5 wt.% (0.5 wt% of Z165, 7 wt% of Z109, and 5 wt% of Z119) loading of about 70 to about 170, from about 80 to about 155, greater than about 100, greater than about 80, or from about 90 to 160. Other appropriate ranges for the PCR are readily apparent from this disclosure.
- The oral care compositions can be described by the ratio of its PCR to its RDA. This ratio can describe the how effective the compositions are at gently cleaning the surface of teeth. The oral care compositions can have a PCR/RDA ratio of about 0.6 or greater, about 0.65 or greater, about 0.68 or greater, or about 0.7 or greater.
- The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed in any way as imposing limitations to the scope of this invention. Various other aspects, modifications, and equivalents thereof which, after reading the description herein, may suggest themselves to one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention or the scope of the appended claims.
- An in-vitro model was used to evaluate the stain removing ability of the oral care compositions. The model evaluated chemical effects on stain removal and not, for example, the effect of abrasive in dentifrice. First, a stained pellicle is formed by staining bleached bovine teeth (staining cycles 1-3 in the detailed protocol). Next, the stained teeth were subsequently treated with a either a diluted dentifrice slurry or a neat rinse (whitening cycles 1-6 in the detailed protocol). Finally, the stain removal performance was evaluated by comparing an image of the tooth before and after treatment (imaging in the detailed protocol).
- A salivary pellicle was grown on bleached bovine teeth (bleached bovine PCR chips 1 cm x 1 cm from Therametric Technologies, Inc., Noblesville, IN). A set of 4 teeth were affixed in the lid of a 6 well plate such that each set can be immerse into the wells of the plate when closed. Thus, each test had a replicate of 4 teeth, which were averaged. Each tooth was stained by treating the bleached bovine tooth with Lipton® black tea in the presence of expectorated pooled saliva from healthy subjects (“saliva” in the detailed protocol). The tea solution was made by heating 300 mL of water in a beaker to 90-100° C. with a magnetic stirrer. 2 family sized Lipton® black tea bags were added to the heated water. The solution was gently stirred and the heat was turned off. The solution was stirred until its temperature dropped to 60° C. The tea bags were squeezed, and the warm tea was used in the test. The teeth were treated with the tea solution, treated with saliva, and then gently rinsed with tap water. Tea solutions were made fresh before each treatment. This process was replicated 3 times.
- The stained bovine teeth were imaged with a digital camera to determine the starting values for L (lightness), a (red/green coordinate), and b (yellow/blue coordinate). The stained teeth were randomized and treated with a selected composition. The stained teeth were treated with dentifrice slurry or the mouth rinse. Dentifrice slurries were made by mixing the selected dentifrice with USP water (1:1 wt/wt) in a cup with lid with a magnetic stirrer for 30 min. Mouth rinses were used as prepared without any dilution. After the treatment with the selected composition, the teeth were washed with water. This process was repeated 6 total times.
- The tooth samples were imaged to determine final values for L, a, and b. ΔL, Δa, and Δb values were calculated by subtracting the initial values from the final values for L, a, and b. A value for ΔE was calculated by Formula 1.
-
- A detailed protocol for bovine tooth stain removal is provided below.
-
Teeth Staining Protocol Steps Stage 1. Red sticky wax and superglue were used to attach teeth to inside top cover of 6 well plates 2. Teeth were incubated at 37° C. while shaking overnight in 10 mL of saliva Incubation 3. Teeth were shaken for 15 min (~140 rpm) at room temperature (23° C.) with 10 mL Lipton® black tea (originally added at 45° C.-60° C.) 4. Teeth were incubated for 20 min with gentle shaking (~100 rpm) with 10 mL of saliva at 37° C. 5. Steps 3 and 4 were repeated twice. Stain Cycle 1-3 6. The stained teeth were set out to dry (1 hr), pried off plates, imaged, and then randomized. Imaging 7. Red sticky wax and superglue were used to attach teeth to inside top cover of well plates 9. Teeth were incubated at 37° C. while shaking overnight in 10 mL of saliva Incubation -
Teeth Whitening Protocol Steps Stage 1. Teeth were shaken (~140 rpm) for 5 minutes in a mixture of 5 mL dentifrice slurry + 5 mL saliva 2. Teeth were incubated while shaking (~100 rpm) in 10 mL of saliva at 37° C. for 20 min 3. Teeth were removed from incubator and steps 1 and 2 were repeated five more times. Whitening Cycle 1-6 4. Teeth were removed from incubator and shaken (∼140 rpm) in 10 mL of tap water. 5. Teeth were shaken (~140 rpm) in 10 mL of tap water again. Rinse 6. The stained teeth were set out to dry (1 hr), pried off plates, and imaged. Data was analyzed using Formula 1. Imaging - An in vitro model was used for evaluating the cleaning ability of dentifrices and abrasive powders. First, stained teeth were obtained. Next, the stained teeth were subsequently treated with a dentifrice with an abrasive. Finally, the stain removal performance was evaluated by comparing an image of the tooth before and after treatment.
- Stained PCR chips were obtained directly from a supplier (stained PCR chips from Therametric Technologies, Inc., Noblesville, IN). Each tooth was stained in accordance with procedures described in Stookey et al. In vitro Removal of Stain with Dentifrices. J. Dent. Res. 61 (1982) 1236-1239 and Schemehorn et al. Abrasion, Polishing, and Stain Removal Characteristics of Various Commercial Dentifrices In Vitro. J. Clinical Dent. 22 (2011) 11-18, which are herein incorporated by reference.
- The stained bovine teeth were imaged with a digital camera to determine the starting values for L (lightness), a (red/green coordinate) and b (yellow/blue coordinate). The stained teeth were randomized and treated with a selected composition.
- Dentifrice slurries were prepared by diluting 25 g of the selected dentifrice composition with 40 g of ultrapure distilled water. Dentifrice slurries were compared to a calcium pyrophosphate standard slurry prepared by combining 10 g of calcium pyrophosphate (Model No. A27672, Odontex Solutia, St. Louis, MO) with 50 g of a solution containing 0.5 wt% of carboxymethylcellulose (Model No. CA192, Spectrum Chemicals, New Brunswick, NJ) and 10 wt% of glycerol (Model No. GX0185-6, EMD, Burlington, MA).
- Samples were secured on each station of a V-8 brushing machine (Sabri Dental Enterprises, Downers Grove, IL). The tension of each brush was adjusted to 150 g by loosening or tightening the spring tension screws on the V-8 brushing machine. The brushes used were ADA40 Brushes. The slurry solutions were attached to each brushing station. The V-8 brush machine was set to 800 strokes at 50 strokes/18 sec.
- Samples were collected from the brushing machine and rinsed with tap water. Samples were imaged to determine final values for L (lightness), a (red/green coordinate) and b (yellow/blue coordinate). The PCR was determined using Formula 2.
-
- The Relative Dentin Abrasion (RDA) test is typically performed to confirm that a dentifrice composition, e.g., toothpaste, is safe for consumer use, with the upper limit of the test set at 250. The RDA was determined using the industrial published standard as outlined in FDIS-ISO 11609, Annexure, third edition Annex B: Determination of relative dentifrice abrasivity to enamel and dentine by a surface profile method, which is herein incorporated by reference. This method is based on the determination of abraded depth after brushing using profilometry.
-
Table 1 Rinse Formulations with one polyphosphate Ingredients Rinse A (wt%) Rinse B (wt%) Control Water 93 93 100 Glycerin 5 5 0 Glass H 2 2 0 pHc 4a 6b 6.9 apH adjusted down to 4 with HCI bpH adjusted up to 6 with NaOH cpH of neat mouth rinse - TABLE 1 displays Rinse A (pH = 4) and Rinse B (pH = 6). Rinse A and Rinse B only had 2 wt% of Glass H (sodium hexametaphosphate) in a glycerin/water chassis and a water control. As shown in TABLE 4, Rinse A performed significantly better (ΔE = 2.84) than Rinse B (ΔE = 3.57) despite only differing in pH. Thus, polyphosphate compositions with lower pH can remove more stain from teeth.
-
Table 2 Rinse formulations with more than one polyphosphate Ingredients Rinse C Rinse D Rinse E Purified Water 90.775 91.503 92.23 Glycerin 5 5 5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution (28% in water) 0.71 0.71 0.71 Sodium Hexametaphosphate 1 1 1 Pentasodium tripolyphosphate 1 0.5 0 Poloxamer 407 0.75 0.75 0.75 Potassium Sorbate 0.1 0.1 0.1 Sodium Benzoate 0.08 0.08 0.08 Sucralose 0.015 0.015 0.015 Sodium Saccharin 0.015 0.015 0.015 Flavor 0.1 0.1 0.1 Phosphoric acid (85% in water) 0.772 0.42 0.055 pHa 5.01 5.01 4.98 apH of neat mouth rinse - TABLE 2 shows rinse formulations C, D, and E which had more than one polyphosphate compound. Rinse C, D, and E had 1 wt% of sodium hexametaphosphate, but differed in the amount of pentasodium tripolyphosphate. The amount of water was adjusted according to the amount of added tripolyphosphate. Rinse C had 1 wt% tripolyphosphate, Rinse D had 0.5 wt% tripolyphosphate, and Rinse E had 0 wt% of tripolyphosphate. The pH of Rinses C, D, and E were essentially 5. As shown in TABLE 4, the sample with the highest amount of the second polyphosphate, Rinse C with 1 wt% of tripolyphosphate had the best removal of stain (ΔE = 2.19). Rinse D (0.5 wt% tripolyphosphate) had a ΔE of 2.41 while Rinse E (0 wt% of tripolyphosphate had a ΔE of 3.87. Thus, a composition with a first linear polyphosphate and a second linear polyphosphate with a smaller chain length can increase the stain removal of a mouth rinse.
-
Table 3 Rinse formulations with more than one polyphosphate Rinse Ingredients Rinse F (%) Rinse G (wt%) Purified Water 91.62 91.62 Glycerin 5.00 5.00 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution (28% in water) 0.35 0.35 Hexaphos polyphosphate 1.50 1.50 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.76 0.76 Poloxamer 407 0.50 0.50 Sodium Benzoate 0.15 0.15 Sucralose 0.02 0.02 Sodium Saccharin 0.02 0.02 Flavor 0.10 0.10 pHa 8 5 apH of neat mouth rinse - TABLE 3 includes Rinse F and Rinse G that had 1.5 wt% of hexaphos polyphosphate and 0.76 wt% of tetrasodium pyrophosphate. However, Rinse F had a pH of 8 while Rinse G had a pH of 5. As shown in TABLE 4, Rinse G removed more stain (ΔE = 3.67) than Rinse F (ΔE =4.08). Thus, according to TABLE 4, a mouth rinse with more than one polyphosphate is more effective at removing stain from bovine teeth at a pH of 5 than at a pH of 8.
-
Table 4 Stain removal of rinse formulations Rinse Polyphosphates pHa ΔE Standard Deviation ΔE Rinse A 2% Glass H 4 2.84 0.27 Rinse B 2% Glass H 6 3.57 0.32 Rinse C 1% Tripoly/1% Glass H 5 2.19 0.19 Rinse D 0.5% Tripoly/1% Glass H 5 2.41 0.27 Rinse E 1% Glass H 5 3.87 0.13 Rinse F 0.76% Pyro/1.5% Hexaphos 8 4.08 0.58 Rinse G 0.76% Pyro/1.5% Hexaphos 5 3.67 0.31 Listerine® Advanced White 0.63% Pyro/0.57% Tripolyphoshate 6.54 3.17 0.32 Colgate® Max White One 1% Pyro/PVP-MA copolymer 7.82 3.87 0.13 Tap Water None 6.9 4.06 0.40 apH of neat mouth rinse -
Table 5 Dentifrices with at least one polyphosphate Dentifrice Ingredients (wt%) A B C D J K L pHa 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 8.9 7.7 7.7 Polyethylene oxide - - - - - - 0.25 Flavor 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Coolant 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 - Sodium Fluoride - - - - - 0.243 0.243 Sodium monofluorophosphate 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 - - Sorbitol 46.99 46.99 46.99 46.99 44.09 41.307 - Glycerin USP (99.7% in water) - - - - - - 54.59 Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30% in water) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 - 1.6 Sodium Polyphosphate FCC 7 - - - - - 7 Sodaphos polyphosphate - - 7 - - - - NaOH (50% in water) - - - - 5 2.18 - Tribasic Sodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate - - - - - - 1.1 Benephos polyphosphate - 7 - - - - - Sodium acid pyrophosphate - - - - 7 4.17 - Phosphoric Acid 0.56 1.13 2.00 0.66 - - - Thickening Silica (Z165) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 - 1 Whitening Silica (Z109) 7 7 7 7 7 7 12.5 Cleaning Silica (Z119) 5 5 5 5 5 15 12.5 PEG 300 - - - - - - 3.5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (28% in water) 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 7 3.4 Sodium Saccharin 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.4 Sucralose 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 - 0.1 Xanthan Gum 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.55 - 0.12 Carboxymethylcellulose - - - - - 1.2 - Carbomer - - - - - 0.3 - Carrageenan Mixture Iota Silica 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 - 0.5 Water Purified 21.44 20.87 20 28.34 20 19.85 - Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 apH of dentifrice slurry (1:3 dentifrice:USP water by weight) -
Table 6 Dentifrices with at least one polyphosphate Dentifrice Ingredients (wt%) E F G H I pHa 6.6 6.9 6.5 6.5 6.8 Sorbitol Solution, USP 39.24 45.04 43.44 39.24 43.44 Water, USP 20 20 20 20 20 Sodium Monofluorophosphate 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 Xanthan Gum 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 Carageenan, Iota silica 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (28% in water) 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30% in water) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Flavor 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Coolant 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Liquid Sucralose Concentrate 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Saccharin Sodium, USP 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Whitening Silica (Z109) 7 7 7 7 7 Cleaning Silica (Z119) 15 15 15 15 15 Glass H - - - 5.8 5.8 Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate 4.2 4.2 - 4.2 - Sodaphos polyphosphate 5.8 - 5.8 - - Total 100 100 100 100 100 apH of dentifrice slurry (1:3 dentifrice:USP water by weight) -
Table 7 Dentifrices with at least one polyphosphate Dentifrice Ingredients (wt%) M N O P Q R pHa 4.5 4.5 4 5 8.5 4 Flavor 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Coolant 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Monofluorophosphate 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 Sorbitol 45.09 45.09 45.09 45.09 45.09 55.38 Glycerin, USP (99.7% in water) - - - - - - Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30% in water) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Glass H - 6 6 6 6 - NaOH (50% in water) - - - - 3 - Benephos Polyphosphate 6 - - - - - Sodium acid pyrophosphate 2 2 2 2 2 - Phosphoric Acid 1.06 0.47 0.74 0.07 0.74 0.71 Thickening Silica (Z165) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Whitening Silica (Z109) 7 7 7 7 7 7 Cleaning Silica (Z119) 5 5 5 5 5 5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (28% in water) 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Sodium Saccharin, USP 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 Sucralose 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Xanthan Gum 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 Carrageenan Mix Iota Silica 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Water Purified 21.94 22.53 22.26 22.93 19.26 20 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 apH of dentifrice slurry (1:3 dentifrice:USP water by weight) -
Table 8 Stain removal of Dentifrices A-M* Dentifrice Polyphosphates pHc ΔE Standard Deviation ΔE Dentifrice A 7% Glass H 4.5 2.31 0.30 Dentifrice B 7% Benephos 4.5 1.92 0.38 Dentifrice C 7% Sodaphos 4.5 2.21 0.36 Dentifrice D None 4.5 3.23 0.26 Dentifrice E 4.2% Pyro/5.8% Sodaphos 6.6 2.66 0.78 Dentifrice F 4.2% Pyro 6.9 2.72 0.44 Dentifrice G 5.8% Sodaphos 6.5 2.22 0.81 Dentifrice H 4.2% Pyro/5.8% Glass H 6.5 2.92 0.85 Dentifrice I 5.8% Glass H 6.8 2.32 0.76 Dentifrice J 7% Pyro 8.9 5.98 0.47 Dentifrice K 4.1% Pyro 7.7 5.48 0.47 Dentifrice L 7% Glass H 7.7 4.99 0.41 Dentifrice M 2% Pyro/6% Benephos 4.5 2.30 0.28 Colgate@ Optic White Stain Fightera Pyro/Tripoly 8.6 5.33 0.57 Colgate@ Optic White Platinumb Pyro 7.2 3.80 0.24 Tap Water None 6.9 6.9 4.06 0.47 *Table split according to similar formulation chassis aWithout peroxide bWith peroxide cpH of dentifrice slurry (1:3 dentifrice:USP water by weight) - TABLE 5, TABLE 6, and TABLE 7 show dentifrice formulations A through M. Dentifrice formulations A through M are summarized in TABLE 8 to show the composition of the polyphosphate source, the pH, and ΔE values for Dentifrice A through M compared with a water control, Colgate® Optic White Stain Fighter, and Colgate® Optic White Platinum.
- Dentifrice A-D were prepared at pH 4.5 with very similar formulations as in TABLE 5. Dentifrice B had the best stain removal (ΔE = 1.92) with 7% benephos polyphosphate (n∼14) compared with Dentifrice C (ΔE = 2.21, 7% sodaphos polyphosphate) and Dentifrice A (ΔE = 2.31, 7% Glass H). Thus, a medium length polyphosphate (benephos polyphosphate) removed stain better than a longer length polyphosphate (Glass H). Importantly, a sample with no polyphosphate, Dentifrice D, performed worse (ΔE = 3.23) of the samples with similar chassis despite having a low pH.
- Dentifrice E-I were prepared at a pH from 6.5 to 6.9 with comparable formulations as in TABLE 6. The only difference in the formulations of Dentifrice E-I was the relative percentage of sorbitol, which was adjusted based on the selected polyphosphate sources. Dentifrice E-I, all removed stain extremely well with values of ΔE < 3 despite having only a slightly acidic pH. Dentifrice E-I all performed better than the Colgate® Optic White Stain Fighter(ΔE = 5.33) and Colgate® Optic White Platinum (ΔE = 3.80), which contain only pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate, shorter length polyphosphates.
- Dentifrice J-R were prepared with similar formulations as in TABLE 5 and TABLE 7. Dentifrice samples combining pyrophosphate (a shorter length polyphosphate) with a medium length polyphosphate at a pH of less than about 5, such as Dentifrice E and M, removed much more stain than commercial formulations with only pyrophosphate, such as Colgate® Optic White Stain Fighter and Colgate® Optic White Platinum, as in TABLE 8. Importantly, Dentifrice E and M (without peroxide) remove more stain than Colgate® Optic White Platinum that contains peroxide that can be harsh in consumers’ mouths. Dentifrice M (ΔE = 2.30) significantly outperformed samples with high amounts of a small chain polyphosphate, such as Dentifrice J (ΔE = 5.98, 7% of pyrophosphate) and Dentifrice K (ΔE = 5.48, 4.1% of pyrophosphate).
- Dentifrice A had a ΔE value of 2.31 while Dentifrice L had a ΔE value of 4.99. Dentifrice A (20% water) and Dentifrice L (anhydrous) differed only in the water content and pH, but Dentifrice A was much better at removing stain (ΔE = 2.31). Thus, a dentifrice sample with greater than about 20% or about 20% or greater of water performs better than an anhydrous dentifrice sample.
-
Table 9 Measured PCR and RDA values for Selected Dentifrice Formulations Dentifrice Polyphosphates pHa Measured PCR δ Measured RDA δ PCR/RDA Dentifrice L 7% Glass H 7.7 135.0 8.1 245.0 24.6 0.55 Dentifrice M 2% Pyro/6%Benephos 4.5 152.4 7.6 223.1 26.9 0.68 Dentifrice N 2% Pyro/6% Glass H 4.5 135.3 10.5 197.1 24.7 0.67 Dentifrice O 2% Pyro/6% Glass H 4 157.0 13.6 210.7 24.4 0.75 Dentifrice P 2% Pyro/6% Glass H 5 134.8 8.7 192.0 24.5 0.70 Dentifrice Q 2% Pyro/6% Glass H 8.5 110.9 6.7 - - - Dentifrice R None 4 127.0 14.7 211.2 18.1 0.60 apH of dentifrice slurry (1:3 dentifrice:USP water by weight) - TABLE 9 shows the measured PCR and RDA values for selected dentifrice formulations. As shown in TABLE 9, Dentifrice L has an RDA value of 245.0 while Dentifrice N has an RDA value of 197.1 without a large compromise in PCR values. Dentifrice M, with short/medium polyphosphate molecules, had a higher PCR (i.e. better stain removal) than Dentifrice L with a longer polyphosphate molecule (Glass H) and Dentifrice R with no polyphosphate source. Importantly, Dentifrice M had half of the amount of silica compared with Dentifrice L, but still demonstrated a higher PCR value, which displays the gentle cleaning effect of reducing the amount of silica, but adding a second linear polyphosphate. This modification also decreased the RDA value. Dentifrice N-Q differ only in the pH of the formulation. TABLE 9 shows that dentifrice compositions with lower pH values had higher PCR values.
- TABLE 9 also shows the PCR/RDA ratio values for selected dentifrice formulations. As shown in TABLE 9, Dentifrice L (7% Glass H) has a PCR/RDA ratio of 0.551 while Dentifrice R has a PCR/RDA ratio of 0.60. In comparison, Dentifrice M-Q (with at least one medium or shorter chain length polyphosphate molecules) have PCR/RDA ratios of greater than 0.65 indicating a high cleaning benefit relative to the dentin abrasion characteristics of the dentifrice formulations.
- The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
- Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
- While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (13)
1. A dentifrice composition comprising:
(a) about 20% or greater, by weight of the dentifrice composition, of water;
(b) a fluoride ion source;
(c) a polyphosphate source comprising a first linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 6 to about 21; and
(d) a pH of about 5 or less.
2. The dentifrice composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyphosphate source further comprises a second linear polyphosphate with an average chain length of from about 2 to about 6.
3. The dentifrice composition of claim 2 , wherein the dentifrice composition has a ratio of the first linear polyphosphate to the second linear polyphosphate is from about 6:1 to about 1:1.
4. The dentifrice composition of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of the first linear polyphosphate to the second linear polyphosphate source is from 4:1 to 1:1.
5. The dentifrice composition of claim 2 , wherein the dentifrice composition comprises from about 2% to about 12%, by weight of the dentifrice composition, of the polyphosphate source.
6. The dentifrice composition of claim 2 , wherein the second linear polyphosphate comprises a pyrophosphate ion, a tripolyphosphate ion, or sodaphos polyphosphate ion.
7. The dentifrice composition of claim 2 , wherein the second linear polyphosphate comprises pyrophosphate.
8. The dentifrice composition of claim 1 , wherein the dentifrice composition is free of a peroxide, oxidizer, or an enzyme.
9. The dentifrice composition of claim 1 , wherein the dentifrice composition is free of calcium pyrophosphate.
10. The dentifrice composition of claim 1 further comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone.
11. The dentifrice composition of claim 1 , wherein the first linear polyphosphate has an average chain length of from about 8 to about 14.
12. The dentifrice composition of claim 1 , wherein the dentifrice composition has a ΔE value of about 3 or less.
13. The dentifrice composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluoride ion source is sodium monofluorophosphate.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/966,131 US20230044746A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2022-10-14 | Oral Care Compositions Comprising Medium Length Polyphosphates |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201862756666P | 2018-11-07 | 2018-11-07 | |
US16/676,478 US11471388B2 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Oral care compositions comprising medium length polyphosphates |
US17/966,131 US20230044746A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2022-10-14 | Oral Care Compositions Comprising Medium Length Polyphosphates |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/676,478 Division US11471388B2 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Oral care compositions comprising medium length polyphosphates |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20230044746A1 true US20230044746A1 (en) | 2023-02-09 |
Family
ID=69160064
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/676,478 Active US11471388B2 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Oral care compositions comprising medium length polyphosphates |
US17/966,131 Pending US20230044746A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2022-10-14 | Oral Care Compositions Comprising Medium Length Polyphosphates |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/676,478 Active US11471388B2 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Oral care compositions comprising medium length polyphosphates |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US11471388B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3876899A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7197693B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN112969442A (en) |
AU (2) | AU2019375905B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112021008615A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3113836C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2021005301A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020097290A2 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4177258A (en) * | 1978-10-13 | 1979-12-04 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Dentifrice for dental remineralization |
WO1998010736A1 (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-03-19 | Smithkline Beecham Consumer Healthcare Gmbh | Remineralising composition |
JP2000247851A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-09-12 | Lion Corp | Coating agent for controlling coloration |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1617430C3 (en) * | 1966-07-29 | 1980-07-10 | Wuerttembergische Parfuemerie-Fabrik Gmbh, 7332 Eislingen | Foaming, storage-stable toothpaste |
US4340583A (en) * | 1979-05-23 | 1982-07-20 | J. M. Huber Corporation | High fluoride compatibility dentifrice abrasives and compositions |
JPH0627058B2 (en) | 1986-12-04 | 1994-04-13 | ライオン株式会社 | Toothpaste composition |
US4822599A (en) | 1987-08-26 | 1989-04-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oral compositions |
US5094844A (en) | 1990-12-20 | 1992-03-10 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Anticalculus oral composition |
GB9204414D0 (en) * | 1992-02-29 | 1992-04-15 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Method of treatment |
US6713049B1 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2004-03-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oral compositions providing optimal surface conditioning |
US6190644B1 (en) | 1996-11-21 | 2001-02-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dentifrice compositions containing polyphosphate and monofluorophosphate |
US5939052A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 1999-08-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dentifrice compositions containing polyphosphate and fluoride |
US20060171907A1 (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2006-08-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oral care compositions providing enhanced whitening and stain prevention |
US6108850A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 2000-08-29 | Mclaughlin; Gerald | Accelerated method and instrumentation for whitening teeth |
WO1999012517A1 (en) | 1997-09-09 | 1999-03-18 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Tooth whitening preparations |
JP3997371B2 (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2007-10-24 | ライオン株式会社 | Teeth whitening set |
US20040146466A1 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2004-07-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of protecting teeth against erosion |
RU2236838C2 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2004-09-27 | Дзе Проктер Энд Гэмбл Компани | Oral compositions for providing optimum surface conditioning |
US6685920B2 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2004-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of protecting teeth against erosion |
CN1200685C (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2005-05-11 | 宝洁公司 | Improved stannous oral compositions |
JP4548554B2 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2010-09-22 | ライオン株式会社 | Teeth whitening set |
WO2001068046A2 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable dentrifice compositions comprising polyphosphate, fluoride, and stannous |
WO2002030382A1 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2002-04-18 | Block Drug Company, Inc. | Whitening composition and dentifrice |
ATE469633T1 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2010-06-15 | Procter & Gamble | DENTAL CARE COMPOSITIONS |
US8071076B2 (en) | 2002-05-28 | 2011-12-06 | Oral Health Clinical Services Llc | Oral lubricating and stain retarding compositions |
JP2005170867A (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-06-30 | Lion Corp | Oral composition |
JP4575687B2 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2010-11-04 | リジェンティス株式会社 | Dentinogenic pulp capping agent |
US20060134020A1 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-06-22 | Robinson Richard S | Anti-caries oral care composition with a chelating agent |
US20130022554A1 (en) | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-24 | Engel Rebecca L | Oral care formulations |
US10123953B2 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2018-11-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Reduction of tooth staining derived from cationic antimicrobials |
AU2013408262B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2017-03-02 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care compositions and methods |
EP3329900B1 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2024-03-20 | GC Corporation | Tooth whitening composition |
AU2017281341B2 (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-11-15 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care compositions |
-
2019
- 2019-11-07 WO PCT/US2019/060207 patent/WO2020097290A2/en unknown
- 2019-11-07 CA CA3113836A patent/CA3113836C/en active Active
- 2019-11-07 MX MX2021005301A patent/MX2021005301A/en unknown
- 2019-11-07 BR BR112021008615-3A patent/BR112021008615A2/en unknown
- 2019-11-07 CN CN201980073487.7A patent/CN112969442A/en active Pending
- 2019-11-07 US US16/676,478 patent/US11471388B2/en active Active
- 2019-11-07 AU AU2019375905A patent/AU2019375905B2/en active Active
- 2019-11-07 EP EP19836026.5A patent/EP3876899A2/en active Pending
- 2019-11-07 JP JP2021523268A patent/JP7197693B2/en active Active
-
2022
- 2022-10-14 US US17/966,131 patent/US20230044746A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-23 AU AU2022275449A patent/AU2022275449A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4177258A (en) * | 1978-10-13 | 1979-12-04 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Dentifrice for dental remineralization |
WO1998010736A1 (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-03-19 | Smithkline Beecham Consumer Healthcare Gmbh | Remineralising composition |
JP2000247851A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-09-12 | Lion Corp | Coating agent for controlling coloration |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
White et al., "Anticalculus Effects of a Novel, Dual-Phase Polypyrophosphate Dentifrice: Chemical Basis, Mechanism, and Clinical Response." The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice; vol. 1, no. 4, fall 2000; p. 1-12 (Year: 2000) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3876899A2 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
AU2022275449A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
BR112021008615A2 (en) | 2021-08-03 |
WO2020097290A2 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
WO2020097290A3 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
CA3113836C (en) | 2023-08-29 |
AU2019375905B2 (en) | 2022-08-25 |
MX2021005301A (en) | 2021-06-23 |
US11471388B2 (en) | 2022-10-18 |
US20200138683A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
JP7197693B2 (en) | 2022-12-27 |
AU2019375905A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
CA3113836A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
JP2022506103A (en) | 2022-01-17 |
CN112969442A (en) | 2021-06-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10092779B2 (en) | Oral care composition comprising capsules | |
JP2005503402A (en) | Oral compositions that provide enhanced overall cleansing | |
US11135143B2 (en) | Oral care compositions comprising tin ions | |
US11839672B2 (en) | Dentifrice compositions comprising tin ions | |
US20240058230A1 (en) | Oral Care Compositions Comprising Tin Ions | |
US11471388B2 (en) | Oral care compositions comprising medium length polyphosphates | |
AU2019388767B2 (en) | Oral care compositions comprising charcoal | |
AU2013207586B2 (en) | Oral care compositions comprising capsules | |
US20220133606A1 (en) | Oral Care Compositions Comprising Tin Ions | |
CA3144428A1 (en) | Oral care compositions comprising tin ions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |