US20230040253A1 - System for eliminating and removing hydrates and other blockages in undersea lines - Google Patents

System for eliminating and removing hydrates and other blockages in undersea lines Download PDF

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Publication number
US20230040253A1
US20230040253A1 US17/789,332 US202017789332A US2023040253A1 US 20230040253 A1 US20230040253 A1 US 20230040253A1 US 202017789332 A US202017789332 A US 202017789332A US 2023040253 A1 US2023040253 A1 US 2023040253A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
fighting
blocks according
hydrates
sockets
traction
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Pending
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US17/789,332
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English (en)
Inventor
Henri Fiorenza De Lima
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras
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Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras
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Publication of US20230040253A1 publication Critical patent/US20230040253A1/en
Assigned to Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras reassignment Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FIORENZA DE LIMA, Henri
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/001—Self-propelling systems or apparatus, e.g. for moving tools within the horizontal portion of a borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/14—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for displacing a cable or a cable-operated tool, e.g. for logging or perforating operations in deviated wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells

Definitions

  • the present invention addresses to a system for removing hydrates and other blocks in subsea pipes in oil production fields. More specifically, the present invention addresses to a system for fighting and removing hydrates and other blocks comprising independent traction modules, equipped with load cells that act by controlling the traction modules, wherein said traction modules are intercalatedly interconnected with sections of armored steel cable (steel cable with facilities for the transport of electrical and/or hydraulic power, in addition to, optionally, a circuit for the circulation of fluids, aiming at making energy available for their locomotion, as well as the driving of tools that this may come to load).
  • the system of the present invention is applied in rigid or flexible tubes that present restrictions or blocks to the flow.
  • the coiled tube has difficulties due to the low capacity in relation to the reach, mainly in the horizontal part of the production tubes, since it only relies on gravity for its positioning.
  • Some pieces of equipment with their own traction are used in wells, but they are not suitable for pipes due to sharp bends, inflection points and the consequent friction, generating high loads to pull the power supply cable, as well as the load on this cable for the recovery of the traction device.
  • tractor module There are some systems that use two units, that is, a tractor module and an inspection module.
  • the tractor device is not driven to return, as it can “settle” when it “runs over” the cable that supplies energy thereto, increasing its entrapment inside the tube.
  • Pieces of equipment with its own means of locomotion are used, but they are not suitable for tubes comprising sharp bends, inflection points and high friction caused by the power cables that these pieces of equipment make use of, providing high load to pull such a supply cable energy, as well as high load on said cable at the time of equipment recovery, in case it is pulled back.
  • Document WO2008111844A1 refers to a steel cable tractor. More particularly, it refers to a steel cable tractor comprising at least one drive wheel positioned on a shifting mechanism connected to the steel cable tractor, in which the shifting mechanism is arranged so as to maintain the drive wheel in a stressed manner against a well or tube wall.
  • the shifting mechanism is at least rotatable or movable between a first position, in which the drive wheel rests against the well wall on one side of the tractor, and a second position, in which the drive wheel rests against the well wall on the opposite side.
  • the steel cable tractor applies a tension load that allows pulling the cable that it carries, moving through the well.
  • Steel cable tractors have taken on considerable application in, for example, equipment and maintenance work on oil wells. Many steel cable tractors are supplied with drive wheels that are tilting. Often the attached cable is used to pull the steel cable tractor out of the well.
  • the invention PI0005931-3A addresses to an inspection PIG. These pieces of equipment designed for extensive lines are mainly used in subsea or underground lines.
  • the operating mechanism is through high pressure fluids that drive the PIG movement.
  • the action of the pressure fluid is on the annular cup positioned either at the front or back part, and is responsible for adjusting to the diameter of the piping and promoting a certain sealing. Accordingly, the fluid that drives the pig acts on the annular cup. Accordingly, moved by the flowing fluid, this mechanism cannot work well in clogged tubes.
  • PIG PIG
  • foam-based Another type of PIG, based on a single body of polyurethane or foam-based, and which are used in situations of lines with different accessories, are not sufficient for cleaning some types of scales, especially hydrates due to the hardness of the scaling.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of the coiled tubing system, which represents an embodiment of the state of the art, but which does not have a tractor at the end of the cable/rod/tube. This is only applicable in vertical or horizontal sections with short reach, since the cable/rod/tube with eventual tools descends by gravity. However, the drawing also illustrates what the winch drum can be, which takes the armored cable intercalated with traction elements, proposed in this document.
  • the present invention solves a problem that makes it impossible to move tractor devices in the reverse direction: this problem is the risk of the tractor overlapping the electrical supply and control cable to which the device is coupled.
  • This is solved with a control system associated with measurements performed by load cells installed at the rear end of the tractor module ( 21 ), or at both ends, when applied to intermediate modules ( 20 ). Assuring a minimum value of tension in each cell, the traction modules can act in a synchronized way with the cable retraction, increasing or decreasing the forward or backward speed of each module, ensuring that the cable always remains tensioned.
  • the present invention refers to a system for fighting and removing hydrates and other scales comprising independent traction modules arranged in series, and each traction module is coupled to the next traction module by an armored cable segment.
  • the traction modules (tractors), modules responsible for pulling the cable segments, are capable of not only being boosters or acting for traction, but also as if they were modules for measuring loads. In this way, the values of stresses caused by axial loads in the cables are not cumulative in a single cable. Accordingly, it became possible to increase the loading concentrated in a single module, and therefore, making it more effective to reach the points of interest for scale removal.
  • the cable that interconnects the tractor system contains within the same an umbilical for electrical and hydraulic supply, fluid circulation and cables for collecting information from sensors.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the system of the present invention positioned within a flexible tube, with a reach associated with the number of used segments;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of the socket for interconnecting between armored cable segments of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the socket for interconnecting between armored cable segments of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of the rolling wheel used in the coupling between sockets of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a top view of the connection between two sockets that interconnect two sections of armored cable comprising a rolling according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of the connection between two sockets comprising a rolling according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the angle lag that must ensure that rolling wheels touch the inner surface of the tube, ensuring a reduction in the observed friction
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a side view of an alternative configuration to the use of wheels with sockets shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 , where the set of wheels snap together and are attached to the armored cable, in a split system;
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a top view of an alternative configuration, using the wheels, in the split system
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the conventional configuration, using the coiled tubing, a technology that is limited to wells or applications with short reach.
  • the present invention relates to a system for fighting and removing hydrates comprising independent traction modules ( 20 ), arranged in series, and each traction module ( 20 ) is coupled to another next traction module ( 20 ), by an armored cable segment ( 10 ), in addition to the end traction module ( 21 ) located at the end of the assembly.
  • the traction modules ( 20 ) and end traction module ( 21 ) of the present invention are preferably of the active type, that is, they comprise means of auto-locomotion, with electric or hydraulic drive. Furthermore, the traction module located at the end ( 21 ) comprises means for positioning tools to fight and remove hydrates and other blocks such as scale deposition. Further, the traction modules ( 20 ) are equipped with load cells that comprise the electronic devices, and sensors whose function is to control and supply the traction ( 20 ) and the end ( 21 ) modules.
  • the armored cable segments ( 10 ) are provided with tubings for the transport of fluids (hydraulic and chemical products) along their length, as well as an electrical supply containing a plurality of conductor wires and for data transport, in the same way as the traction ( 20 ) and end ( 21 ) modules themselves, which allows the (electrical and hydraulic) transmission to the next segment.
  • the armored cable segments ( 10 ) have, in their core, a layer containing a plurality of steel cables to meet the mechanical traction. Furthermore, the armored cable segments ( 10 ) comprise an outer sheath, preferably of nylon or Teflon, and comprise a preferred length of up to five hundred meters; however, this length may vary due to different conditions, such as the friction force per meter for a typical tube configuration, internal diameter, internal material and geometry, radii of curvature, average number of inflection points per km, and total distance to be reached.
  • the tractors or also traction modules ( 20 ) are intercalatedly interconnected with sections consisting of segments of steel armored cable ( 10 ), and are further associated with the steel cable winch ( 30 ), so that the loads are always of tension, preventing damage to the set of armored cables ( 10 ) and traction modules ( 20 ).
  • the armored cable segments ( 10 ), according to the present invention, provide distances comprising approximately between 2 and 20 meters in length (not limited to that), where, preferably, each segment comprises 2 to 20 meters of cable, and are coupled to the other segments through sockets ( 12 ) attached at their ends, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • FIGS. 3 and 5 show the sockets ( 12 ), which are structures comprising a “U”-shaped support, comprising two legs ( 13 ) with a hole ( 15 ) in each leg ( 13 ) of the “U”.
  • the coupling between two sockets comprises positioning the sockets ( 12 ) so that each leg ( 13 ) of one socket ( 12 ) is between the two legs ( 13 ) of the other socket ( 12 ).
  • the coupling further comprises the introduction of a rolling wheel ( 14 ), according to ( FIG. 4 ), comprising a hole ( 16 ), so that the holes ( 15 ) of all the legs ( 13 ) of the two sockets ( 12 ), plus the hole ( 16 ) of the wheel ( 14 ) are aligned.
  • the coupling between two sockets further comprises the introduction of a locking pin ( 17 ) in the holes of the sockets ( 12 ) and the wheel ( 14 ), functioning as a pivot axle between the sockets and an axle for the wheel ( 14 ).
  • the sockets ( 12 ) of both ends of a sub-segment of the segment ( 10 ) and, consequently, the wheels ( 14 ) must have a relative positioning with misalignment, or lag, of about 45° or about of 90° to each other, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • This lag allows the armored cable segment ( 10 ) not to settle in such a way as to impair the operation of said rolling ( 14 ).
  • Each socket ( 12 ) must have (hydraulic and chemical) fluid and electricity transmission facility, of the swivel type, in the same way as between the socket ( 12 ) of the end of the armored cable segment ( 10 ) that connects to the traction module ( 20 ).
  • the armored cable segments ( 10 ), between a traction module ( 20 ) and another, can reach lengths of up to 500 meters; therefore, the sockets ( 12 ) must resist high traction tensions. In this way, they are preferably made of a material with sufficient strength to support the weight of at least three kilometers of such a set of cables.
  • Said sockets ( 12 ) provide the connection between the armored cable segments ( 10 ) and a rolling ( 14 ), using locking pins and nuts.
  • the sockets ( 12 ) at both ends must have a misalignment, or offset, of about 45° or about of 90°, depending on the diameter of the rolling ( 14 ) and the length of each sub-segment. This lag allows the armored cable segment ( 10 ) not to settle in a way that harms the operation of said rolling ( 14 ).
  • the armored cable segments ( 10 ) can comprise steel wires in different assembly directions, thus preventing twists from causing said settling of the armored cable ( 10 ), even with the use of said socket lag ( 12 ).
  • the need for sockets ( 12 ) with the aforementioned relative positions can be replaced by the alternative configuration, shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , that is, an alternative configuration consisting of split devices ( 22 ) provided with rolling wheels ( 24 ).
  • Such devices comprise a split structure, which grips the armored cable ( 10 ), avoiding the need for sub-segmentation of said cable.
  • there are no sub-segments there is only one pair of sockets ( 12 ), one at each end of each armored cable segment ( 10 ), these maintaining the need of having swivels in each of the sockets ( 12 ) , to perform the interface between each end of the armored cable segment ( 10 ) and its respective module ( 20 ).
  • This split device ( 22 ) is secured by screws and nuts ( 23 ) on each side of the axle of the rolling wheels ( 24 ), containing two wheels on the same axle. There is no coupling between sub-segments, since there are no discontinuities in the armored cable segment ( 10 ). The distance between each of the split devices ( 22 ), in this case, can be adjusted as a function of the expected loads related to friction.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of the coiled tubing system, which represents an embodiment of the state of the art, but which does not have a tractor at the end of the cable. This is only applicable in vertical or horizontal sections with short reach, since the cable with eventual tools descends by gravity.
  • the present invention solves a problem that makes it impossible to move tractor devices in the reverse direction; this problem is the risk of the tractor “running over” the electrical supply and control cable to which the device is coupled.
  • This is solved with a control system associated with load cell measurements installed at the rear end of the most advanced tractor module, or at both ends, when applied to intermediate modules. Assuring a minimum value of traction in each cell, the traction modules can act synchronously both in the advance and in the retraction of the cable.
  • the system according to the present invention minimizes the problem of friction present in the solutions of the state of the art using armored steel cable—steel cable containing hydraulic hose and/or electric cable to feed the traction equipment and coupled accessories, at the same time that allows the segmentation of the cable so that it can be pulled by several modules that, activated synchronously, divide the loads generated by the friction between the cable and the internal walls of the tube.
  • the application according to the present invention is directed to rigid or flexible tubes that present restrictions or blocks to the flow, for their clearing.
  • the associated use of distributed controlled traction and friction reducers in the armored cables ( 10 ) reduces the loads to tolerable levels, allowing a reach of several kilometers from the platform where the tube is interconnected. With this, it is possible to fight blocks caused by hydrate formation or deposition of scales, allowing tools to access the pipe at points with such blocks or restrictions, said tools consisting of, for example, pieces of equipment for mechanical removal, application/circulation of chemicals, local heating generation, etc., coupled to the module positioned at the end of the first cable segment.
  • the active intervention (enabled with the invention, for long distances) tends to accelerate the solution of the problem, not being limited to passive solutions (typically adopted with the use of intervention probes), where one literally waits for the “ice to melt”.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US17/789,332 2019-12-27 2020-12-17 System for eliminating and removing hydrates and other blockages in undersea lines Pending US20230040253A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR1020190280921 2019-12-27
BR102019028092-1A BR102019028092A2 (pt) 2019-12-27 2019-12-27 sistema de combate e remoção de hidratos e outros bloqueios em dutos submarinos
PCT/BR2020/050561 WO2021127766A1 (pt) 2019-12-27 2020-12-17 Sistema de combate e remoção de hidratos e outros bloqueios em dutos submarinos

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US20230040253A1 true US20230040253A1 (en) 2023-02-09

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US3809802A (en) * 1972-11-13 1974-05-07 Crescent Insulated Wire & Cabl Round electric cable for severe environmental operation and method of manufacture thereof
US6112809A (en) * 1996-12-02 2000-09-05 Intelligent Inspection Corporation Downhole tools with a mobility device
US6173787B1 (en) * 1997-10-13 2001-01-16 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method and system intended for measurements in a horizontal pipe
US6179058B1 (en) * 1997-10-13 2001-01-30 Institut Francis Du Petrole Measuring method and system comprising a semi-rigid extension
US20060180318A1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2006-08-17 Doering Falk W Constant force actuator
US20080308318A1 (en) * 2007-06-14 2008-12-18 Western Well Tool, Inc. Electrically powered tractor
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US20150155073A1 (en) * 2010-06-09 2015-06-04 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Wireline Cables Not Requiring Seasoning
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US20190164670A1 (en) * 2016-07-27 2019-05-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Armored submersible power cable
US20200248517A1 (en) * 2019-02-04 2020-08-06 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Semi-Autonomous Downhole Taxi with Fiber Optic Communication
US20210055475A1 (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Cladding for an Electro-Optical Device
US20220065058A1 (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Mobility platform for efficient downhole navigation of robotic device
US20220127522A1 (en) * 2019-02-12 2022-04-28 Innospec Limited Treatment of subterranean formations
US20230175332A1 (en) * 2021-12-08 2023-06-08 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Apparatus, systems, and methods for sealing a wellbore

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US5494703A (en) * 1994-11-29 1996-02-27 University Of Kentucky Research Foundation Oxidation proof silicate surface coating on iron sulfides
US7172026B2 (en) * 2004-04-01 2007-02-06 Bj Services Company Apparatus to allow a coiled tubing tractor to traverse a horizontal wellbore
US8151902B2 (en) * 2009-04-17 2012-04-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Slickline conveyed bottom hole assembly with tractor
GB201316354D0 (en) * 2013-09-13 2013-10-30 Maersk Olie & Gas Transport device
CN108999582B (zh) * 2018-07-23 2019-11-22 游精学 石油水平井越障牵引器及其使用方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3809802A (en) * 1972-11-13 1974-05-07 Crescent Insulated Wire & Cabl Round electric cable for severe environmental operation and method of manufacture thereof
US6112809A (en) * 1996-12-02 2000-09-05 Intelligent Inspection Corporation Downhole tools with a mobility device
US6173787B1 (en) * 1997-10-13 2001-01-16 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method and system intended for measurements in a horizontal pipe
US6179058B1 (en) * 1997-10-13 2001-01-30 Institut Francis Du Petrole Measuring method and system comprising a semi-rigid extension
US20060180318A1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2006-08-17 Doering Falk W Constant force actuator
US20100186962A1 (en) * 2006-12-12 2010-07-29 Welbore Energy Solutions, Llc Downhole scraping and/or brushing tool and related methods
US20090218105A1 (en) * 2007-01-02 2009-09-03 Hill Stephen D Hydraulically Driven Tandem Tractor Assembly
US20080308318A1 (en) * 2007-06-14 2008-12-18 Western Well Tool, Inc. Electrically powered tractor
US20150155073A1 (en) * 2010-06-09 2015-06-04 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Wireline Cables Not Requiring Seasoning
US20150027729A1 (en) * 2013-07-24 2015-01-29 Impact Selector, Inc. Wireline roller standoff
US20180298740A1 (en) * 2015-11-12 2018-10-18 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method for Fracturing a Formation
US20190164670A1 (en) * 2016-07-27 2019-05-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Armored submersible power cable
US20200248517A1 (en) * 2019-02-04 2020-08-06 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Semi-Autonomous Downhole Taxi with Fiber Optic Communication
US20220127522A1 (en) * 2019-02-12 2022-04-28 Innospec Limited Treatment of subterranean formations
US20210055475A1 (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Cladding for an Electro-Optical Device
US20220065058A1 (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Mobility platform for efficient downhole navigation of robotic device
US20230175332A1 (en) * 2021-12-08 2023-06-08 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Apparatus, systems, and methods for sealing a wellbore

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WO2021127766A1 (pt) 2021-07-01

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