US20230024665A1 - High-strength 6xxx extrusion alloys - Google Patents

High-strength 6xxx extrusion alloys Download PDF

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US20230024665A1
US20230024665A1 US17/786,371 US202017786371A US2023024665A1 US 20230024665 A1 US20230024665 A1 US 20230024665A1 US 202017786371 A US202017786371 A US 202017786371A US 2023024665 A1 US2023024665 A1 US 2023024665A1
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aluminum alloy
6xxx aluminum
total weight
amount
6xxx
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Xinyan Yan
Francis Caron
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Alcoa USA Corp
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Alcoa USA Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B21C23/085—Making tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to alloys, more particularly to aluminum alloys, and more particularly to 6xxx aluminum extrusion alloys.
  • Aluminum extrusion alloys are used in the automotive industry. Aluminum extrusion alloys can achieve very complex shapes and profiles. One such alloy is the 6xxx series. The 6xxx alloy series may be used for automobile body structure, suspension and driveline components.
  • Aluminum extrusion alloys such as 6xxx extrusion alloys may allow for innovative light-weight design with integrated functions.
  • the average vehicle will use about 42 pounds of aluminum extrusions alloys by 2025.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a 6xxx aluminum alloy consisting of: silicon (Si) in an amount of 0.70 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; wherein a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.65:1.0, and wherein a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; copper (Cu) in an amount of 0.30 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; iron (Fe) in an amount of 0.12 wt % to 0.3 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; manganese (Mn) in an amount of 0.
  • the other elements are selected from the group consisting of: titanium (Ti), boron (B), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and any combination thereof.
  • up to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in a Mg 2 Si phase.
  • up to 0.5 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • 0.16 wt % to 0.78 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in an Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 5 (“Q”) phase.
  • 0.14 wt % to 0.68 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.11 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in an Al 2 Cu phase.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has a yield strength of at least 350 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has a yield strength of at least 370 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 450 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 370 MPa to 400 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 380 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 480 MPa.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a 6xxx aluminum alloy consisting essentially of: silicon (Si) in an amount of 0.70 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; wherein a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; wherein a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.65:1.0, and copper (Cu) in an amount of 0.30 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; iron (Fe) in an amount of 0.12 wt % to 0.3 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; manganese (Mn) in an amount
  • each of the other elements when present, is present in amount of less than or equal to 0.05 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • a total of the other elements is less than 0.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a 6xxx aluminum alloy comprising: silicon (Si) in an amount of 0.70 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy wherein a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.65:1.0; and copper (Cu) in an amount of 0.30 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy comprises iron (Fe) in an amount of 0.12 wt % to 0.3 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy comprises manganese (Mn) in an amount of 0.25 wt % to 0.65 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy comprises zirconium (Zr) in an amount of at most 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy comprises chromium (Cr) in an amount of at most 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy comprises other elements in an amount of less than or equal to 0.05 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • a total of the other elements is less than 0.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the other elements are chosen from: titanium (Ti), boron (B), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), or any combination thereof.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising: casting a 6xxx aluminum alloy, wherein the 6xxx aluminum alloy comprises: silicon (Si) in an amount of 0.70 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; wherein a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.65:1.0; and copper (Cu) in an amount of 0.30 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy; homogenizing the 6xxx aluminum alloy; extruding the 6xxx aluminum alloy; and aging the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • silicon (Si) in an amount of 0.70 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy
  • homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to a homogenization temperature (T H ) that is less than a solidus temperature (T S ) of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to T H that exceeds a solvus temperature (T ⁇ ) of at least one of: a Mg 2 Si phase of the 6xxx aluminum alloy, a Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 5 (“Q”) phase of the 6xxx aluminum alloy, an Al 2 Cu phase of the 6xxx aluminum alloy, or any combination thereof
  • the T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 520° C. to 590° C.
  • the T H ranges from 530° C. to 600° C.
  • the T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 540° C. to 610° C.
  • the homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature to the T H for 1 to 5 hrs.
  • the homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 2 to 12 hrs.
  • the homogenizing further comprises air-cooling the 6xxx aluminum alloy to room temperature.
  • the extruding is performed at an exit temperature T E , wherein the T E is controlled to a range of 450° C. to 570° C.
  • the method further comprises quenching the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the quenching is water quenching.
  • the quenching occurs between the homogenizing and the extruding.
  • the aging is performed for 1 to 128 hours.
  • the aging comprises natural aging, wherein the natural aging is performed for 1 to 96 hours.
  • aging comprises artificial aging, wherein the artificial aging is performed for 1 to 32 hours at an artificial aging temperature (T AA ) of 150° C. to 210° C.
  • T AA artificial aging temperature
  • FIG. 1 shows the dimension of an exemplary extrusion profile according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 depicts tensile specimen locations of non-limiting exemplary alloys of the present disclosure.
  • the term “consisting essentially of” limits the scope of a specific claim to the specified materials or steps and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic or characteristics of the specific claim.
  • the basic and novel characteristics of a claim reciting “consisting essentially of” may include, but are not limited to, yield strength, phase profile, tensile strength, or any combination thereof.
  • any component that does not alter, e.g., yield strength, phase profile, tensile strength, or any combination thereof of the claim falls within that claim's scope.
  • aluminum alloy means an aluminum metal with soluble elements either in the aluminum lattice or in a phase within aluminum.
  • the soluble elements may include, but are not limited to, copper, iron, magnesium, nickel, silicon, zinc, chromium, manganese, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, tin, scandium, lithium. Elements may be added to influence physical properties of the aluminum alloy and also to influence performance characteristics.
  • 6xxx aluminum alloy is defined in accordance with “Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum-ANSI H35.1-2009.”
  • yield strength refers to the maximum amount of stress that can be applied to a material before any resulting deformation becomes irreversible.
  • necking refers to a mode of tensile deformation where strain localizes disproportionately in a particular region of a material.
  • tensile strength or “ultimate tensile strength (UTS)” refers to the maximum amount of strain that can be applied to a material before necking occurs.
  • homogenizing refers to at least one process step whereby precipitants are made to disperse evenly throughout an aluminum alloy. Non-limiting homogenizing steps are described below.
  • homogenization temperature refers to a temperature or range of temperatures at which homogenization is performed.
  • solidus temperature refers to a temperature or range of temperatures, at or below which, all phases of an aluminum alloy are completely solid. At temperatures above T S , the aluminum alloy may begin to melt.
  • At least one phase of an aluminum alloy can be characterized as a “solid solution” when all components of the at least one phase have the same crystal structure.
  • solvus temperature (T ⁇ ) of at least one phase of an aluminum alloy refers to a temperature or range of temperatures, above which, all the components of the at least one phase form a solution (e.g., a solid solution or a liquid solution).
  • T ⁇ solvus temperature
  • the single crystal structure may be a face-centered-cubic (fcc) crystal structure.
  • extruding refers to at least one process step whereby a cross-sectional profile of an aluminum alloy is altered. Non-limiting extruding steps are described below.
  • room temperature is defined as any temperature that is suitable for human occupancy and at which laboratory experiments are usually performed.
  • room temperature ranges from 5° C. to 35° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 10° C. to 35° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 15° C. to 35° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 20° C. to 35° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 25° C. to 30° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 35° C. to 40° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 10° C. to 35° C.
  • room temperature ranges from 5° C. to 30° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 5° C. to 25° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 5° C. to 20° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 5° C. to 15° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 5° C. to 10° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 5° C. to 35° C.
  • room temperature ranges from 10° C. to 30° C. In some embodiments, room temperature ranges from 15° C. to 25° C. In some embodiments, room temperature is 20° C.
  • quenching is the rapid cooling of an aluminum alloy in a fluid (e.g., water, air, or other flowable substance) to obtain certain material properties.
  • a fluid e.g., water, air, or other flowable substance
  • aging refers to any treatment of an aluminum alloy where the aluminum alloy is made to physically transform over a set period of time in order to alter material properties of the aluminum alloy.
  • artificial aging is aging that is performed at an elevated temperature (i.e., above room temperature).
  • natural aging is aging that is performed at room temperature, as defined herein.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein may be used for at least one of extrusions, rolling plates, sheets in T4 tempers, sheets in T6 tempers, sheets in T7 tempers, or any combination thereof.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises silicon (Si) in an amount of 0.70 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.80 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.85 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.90 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.95 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 1.0 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 1.05 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.7 wt % to 1.05 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.7 wt % to 1.0 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.7 wt % to 0.95 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.7 wt % to 0.9 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.7 wt % to 0.85 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.7 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.7 wt % to 0.75 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.05 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.8 wt % to 1 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.85 wt % to 0.95 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Si in an amount of 0.9 wt % based on a total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.8 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.85 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.9 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.95 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 1.0 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 1.05 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 1.1 wt % to 1.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.05 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 1.0 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 0.95 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 0.9 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 0.85 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.8 wt % to 1.1 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.85 wt % to 1.05 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.9 wt % to 1.0 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises Mg in an amount of 0.95 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.65:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.7:1.0 to 1.65:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.8:1.0 to 1.65:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.9:1.0 to 1.65:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 1.0:1.0 to 1.65:1.0.
  • a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 1.1:1.0 to 1.65:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 1.2:1.0 to 1.65:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 1.3:1.0 to 1.65:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 1.4:1.0 to 1.65:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 1.5:1.0 to 1.65:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 1.6:1.0 to 1.65:1.0.
  • a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.6:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.5:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.4:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.3:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.2:1.0.
  • a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.1:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 1.0:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 0.9:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 0.8:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.68:1.0 to 0.7:1.0.
  • a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.7:1.0 to 1.6:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.8:1.0 to 1.5:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 0.9:1.0 to 1.4:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is from 1.0:1.0 to 1.3:1.0. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of Mg to Si in the 6xxx aluminum alloy is 1.1:1.0 to 1.2:1.0.
  • a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.6% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.7% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.8% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.9% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 2.0% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 2.1% to 2.2% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 2.1% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 2.0% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 1.9% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 1.8% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 1.7% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 1.6% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.6% to 2.1% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.7% to 2.0% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the Si and the Mg is present in an amount of from 1.8% to 1.9% based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure comprises copper (Cu) in an amount of 0.30 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.35 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.4 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.45 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.5 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.55 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.6 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.65 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.7 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.75 wt % to 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.75 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.7 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.65 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.6 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.55 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.5 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.45 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.4 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.35 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cu is present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.7 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.35 wt % to 0.65 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.4 wt % to 0.6 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.45 wt % to 0.55 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cu is present in an amount of 0.5 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure may comprise iron (Fe) in an amount of 0.12 wt % to 0.3 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Fe may be present in an amount ranging from 0.15 wt % to 0.3 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Fe may be present in an amount ranging from 0.2 wt % to 0.3 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Fe may be present in an amount ranging from 0.25 wt % to 0.3 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Fe iron
  • Fe may be present in an amount ranging from 0.12 wt % to 0.25 wt %. In some embodiments, Fe may be present in an amount ranging from 0.12 wt % to 0.2 wt % In some embodiments, Fe may be present in an amount ranging from 0.12 wt % to 0.15 wt %
  • Fe may be present in an amount ranging from 0.12 wt % to 0.2 wt %. In some embodiments, Fe may be present in an amount of 0.15 wt %.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure may comprise manganese (Mn) in an amount of 0.25 wt % to 0.55 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Mn may be present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.55 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Mn may be present in an amount of 0.35 wt % to 0.55 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Mn may be present in an amount of 0.4 wt % to 0.55 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Mn may be present in an amount of 0.45 wt % to 0.55 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Mn may be present in an amount of 0.5 wt % to 0.55 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Mn may be present in an amount of 0.25 wt % to 0.5 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Mn may be present in an amount of 0.25 wt % to 0.45 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Mn may be present in an amount of 0.25 wt % to 0.4 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Mn may be present in an amount of 0.25 wt % to 0.35 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Mn may be present in an amount of 0.25 wt % to 0.3 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Mn may be present in an amount of 0.3 wt % to 0.5 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Mn may be present in an amount of 0.35 wt % to 0.45 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Mn may be present in an amount of 0.4 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure may comprise zirconium (Zr).
  • Zr may be present in an amount of at most 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Zr is present in an amount of at most 0.1 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Zr is present in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy is free of Zr.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure may comprise Chromium (Cr).
  • Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.18 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.16 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.14 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.12 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.1 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.8 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.06 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.04 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr may be present in an amount of at most 0.02 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.02 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.04 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.06 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.08 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.12 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.14 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.16 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.18 wt % to 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.02 wt % to 0.18 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.02 wt % to 0.16 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.02 wt % to 0.14 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.02 wt % to 0.12 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.02 wt % to 0.1 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.02 wt % to 0.08 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.02 wt % to 0.06 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.02 wt % to 0.04 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • Cr is present in an amount of 0.04 wt % to 0.18 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.06 wt % to 0.14 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.08 wt % to 0.12 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, Cr is present in an amount of 0.1 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure is free of Cr.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy comprises other elements.
  • the other elements may comprise at least one of: titanium (Ti), boron (B), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), or any combination thereof.
  • the other elements are selected from the group consisting of Ti, B, Zn, Mo, Ni, and any combination thereof.
  • other elements may include impurities.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy is free of other elements.
  • each of the other elements is present in amount of less than or equal to 0.05 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, each of the other elements is present in amount of less than 0.025 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, each of the other elements is present in amount ranging from 0.05 wt % to 0.025 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy
  • a sum total of the other elements is less than 0.15% wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the other elements is less than 0.1% wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the other elements is less than 0.05% wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the other elements is from 0.05% wt % to 0.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • a sum total of the other elements is from 0.05% wt % to 0.1 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, a sum total of the other elements is from 0.1% wt % to 0.15 wt % based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure consists essentially of Si, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Al in any amount, amounts, range, or ranges specified herein.
  • the 6xxx alloy may include at least one at least one optional component.
  • the at least one optional component may include, but is not limited to, at least one of: Cr, Zr, any of the other elements described herein, or any combination thereof in any amount, amounts, range, or ranges specified herein.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure consists of Si, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Zr, in any amount, amounts, range, or ranges specified herein, with the balance Al and at least one other element described herein. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy of the present disclosure consists of Si, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Zr, in any amount, amounts, range, or ranges specified herein, with the balance Al and a plurality of the other elements described herein.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein may include a Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.85 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.75 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.65 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • up to 0.55 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.45 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.35 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.25 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • up to 0.15 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.05 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • 0.05 wt % to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.15 wt % to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.25 wt % to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.35 wt % to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • 0.45 wt % to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.55 wt % to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.65 wt % to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.75 wt % to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.85 wt % to 0.95 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • 0.05 wt % to 0.85 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.05 wt % to 0.75 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.05 wt % to 0.65 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.05 wt % to 0.55 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • 0.05 wt % to 0.45 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.05 wt % to 0.35 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.05 wt % to 0.25 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.05 wt % to 0.15 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • 0.05 wt % to 0.85 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.15 wt % to 0.75 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.25 wt % to 0.65 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.35 wt % to 0.55 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.45 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • up to 0.5 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.4 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.3 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.2 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, up to 0.1 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.2 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.3 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.4 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.1 wt % to 0.4 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.1 wt % to 0.3 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.1 wt % to 0.2 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • 0.2 wt % to 0.4 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase. In some embodiments, 0.3% of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Mg 2 Si phase.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein may include an Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 5 (“Q”) phase.
  • 0.16 wt % to 0.78 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.2 wt % to 0.78 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.3 wt % to 0.78 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.4 wt % to 0.78 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.5 wt % to 0.78 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.6 wt % to 0.78 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.7 wt % to 0.78 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.16 wt % to 0.7 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.16 wt % to 0.6 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.16 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.16 wt % to 0.4 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.16 wt % to 0.3 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.16 wt % to 0.2 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.2 wt % to 0.7 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.3 wt % to 0.6 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.4 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Mg based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.14 wt % to 0.68 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.2 wt % to 0.68 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.3 wt % to 0.68 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.4 wt % to 0.68 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.5 wt % to 0.68 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.6 wt % to 0.68 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.2 wt % to 0.6 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.3 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.4 wt % of Si based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.15 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.2 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.25 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.3 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.35 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.4 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.45 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.1 wt % to 0.45 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.1 wt % to 0.4 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.1 wt % to 0.35 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.1 wt % to 0.3 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.1 wt % to 0.2 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.1 wt % to 0.15 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • 0.15 wt % to 0.45 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.2 wt % to 0.4 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase. In some embodiments, 0.3 wt % to 0.35 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Q phase.
  • Some embodiments of the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein include an Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.11 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.15 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.2 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.25 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.3 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.35 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.4 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.45 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.5 wt % to 0.54 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.11 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.11 wt % to 0.45 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.11 wt % to 0.4 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.11 wt % to 0.35 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.11 wt % to 0.3 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.11 wt % to 0.25 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.11 wt % to 0.2 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase. In some embodiments, 0.11 wt % to 0.15 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.15 wt % to 0.5 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.25 wt % to 0.45 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.3 wt % to 0.4 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • 0.35 wt % of Cu based on the total weight of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is in the Al 2 Cu phase.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 350 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 360 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 370 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 380 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 390 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 400 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 410 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 420 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 430 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 440 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of at least 450 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 450 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 375 MPa to 450 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 400 MPa to 450 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 425 MPa to 450 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 425 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 400 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 375 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 375 MPa to 425 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 400 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 360 MPa to 400 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 370 MPa to 400 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 380 MPa to 400 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 390 MPa to 400 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 390 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 380 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 370 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 360 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 350 MPa to 380 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein has a yield strength of 360 MPa to 370 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 380 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 390 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 400 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 410 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 420 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 430 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 440 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 450 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 460 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 470 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least 480 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 480 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 390 MPa to 480 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 400 MPa to 480 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 410 MPa to 480 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 420 MPa to 480 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 430 MPa to 480 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 440 MPa to 480 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 450 MPa to 480 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 460 MPa to 480 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 470 MPa to 480 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 470 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 460 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 450 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 440 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 430 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 420 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 410 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 400 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 380 MPa to 390 MPa.
  • the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 390 MPa to 470 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 400 MPa to 460 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 410 MPa to 450 MPa. In some embodiments, the 6xxx aluminum alloy has an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 420 MPa to 440 MPa.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of manufacturing a 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the method may include the following steps: casting the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein, homogenizing the 6xxx aluminum alloy, extruding the 6xxx aluminum alloy; and aging the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the method may be performed in the following sequence: (a) casting the 6xxx aluminum alloy, (b) homogenizing the 6xxx aluminum alloy, (c) extruding the 6xxx aluminum alloy, (d) and aging the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the homogenizing step comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to a homogenization temperature (T H ) that is less than a solidus temperature (T S ) of the 6xxx aluminum alloy. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to T H that exceeds a solvus temperature (T ⁇ ) of at least one of: the Mg 2 Si phase described herein, the Q phase described herein, the Al 2 Cu phase described herein or any combination thereof.
  • T ⁇ (Mg 2 Si) ⁇ T H ⁇ T S such that heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to the T H causes the Mg 2 Si phase to form a solid solution.
  • T ⁇ (Q) ⁇ T H ⁇ T S such that heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to the T H causes the Q phase to form a solid solution.
  • T ⁇ (Al 2 Cu) ⁇ T H ⁇ T S such that heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to the T H causes the Al 2 Cu phase to form a solid solution.
  • T ⁇ (Mg 2 Si) and T ⁇ (Q) ⁇ T H ⁇ T S such that heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to the T H causes the Mg 2 Si and Q phases to form a solid solution.
  • T ⁇ (Mg 2 Si) and T ⁇ (Al 2 Cu) ⁇ T H ⁇ T S such that heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to the T H causes the Mg 2 Si and Al 2 Cu phases to form a solid solution.
  • T ⁇ (Q) and T ⁇ (Al 2 Cu) ⁇ T H ⁇ T S such that heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to the T H causes the Q and Al 2 Cu phases to form a solid solution.
  • T ⁇ (Mg 2 Si), T ⁇ (Q), and T ⁇ (Al 2 Cu) ⁇ T H ⁇ T S such that heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy to the T H causes the Mg 2 Si, Q, and Al 2 Cu phases to form a solid solution.
  • the solid solution has a face-centered-cubic (fcc) crystal structure.
  • T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 520° C. to 590° C.
  • T E of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 530° C. to 590° C.
  • T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 540° C. to 590° C.
  • Ty of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 550° C. to 590° C.
  • T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 560° C. to 590° C.
  • Ty of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 570° C. to 590° C.
  • T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 580° C. to 590° C.
  • T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 520° C. to 580° C. In some embodiments, T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 520° C. to 570° C. In some embodiments, T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 520° C. to 560° C. In some embodiments, Ty of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 520° C. to 550° C.
  • T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 520° C. to 540° C.
  • Ty of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 520° C. to 530° C.
  • T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 520° C. to 570° C. In some embodiments, T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 530° C. to 560° C. In some embodiments, T ⁇ of at least one of the Mg 2 Si phase, the Q phase, the Al 2 Cu phase, or any combination thereof ranges from 540° C. to 550° C.
  • T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 540° C. to 610° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 550° C. to 610° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 560° C. to 610° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 570° C. to 610° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 580° C. to 610° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 590° C. to 610° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 600° C. to 610° C.
  • T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 540° C. to 600° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 540° C. to 590° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 540° C. to 580° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 540° C. to 570° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 540° C. to 560° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 540° C. to 550° C.
  • T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 550° C. to 600° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 560° C. to 590° C. In some embodiments, T S of the 6xxx aluminum alloy ranges from 570° C. to 580° C.
  • T H ranges from 530° C. to 600° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 540° C. to 600° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 550° C. to 600° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 560° C. to 600° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 570° C. to 600° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 580° C. to 600° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 590° C. to 600° C.
  • T H ranges from 530° C. to 590° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 530° C. to 580° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 530° C. to 570° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 530° C. to 560° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 530° C. to 550° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 530° C. to 540° C.
  • T H ranges from 540° C. to 590° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 550° C. to 580° C. In some embodiments, T H ranges from 560° C. to 570° C.
  • homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 1 to 10 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 2 to 10 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 3 to 10 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 4 to 10 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 5 to 10 hrs.
  • homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 6 to 10 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 7 to 10 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 8 to 10 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 9 to 10 hrs.
  • homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 1 to 9 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 1 to 8 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 1 to 7 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 1 to 6 hrs.
  • homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature (as defined herein) to the T H for 1 to 5 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature to the T H for 2 to 5 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature to the T H for 3 to 5 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature to the T H for 4 to 5 hrs.
  • homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature to the T H for 1 to 4 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature to the T H for 1 to 3 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature to the T H for 1 to 2 hrs.
  • homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature to the T H for 2 to 4 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises heating the 6xxx aluminum alloy from room temperature to the T H for 3 hrs.
  • homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 2 to 12 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 2 to 10 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 2 to 8 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 2 to 6 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 2 to 4 hrs.
  • homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 4 to 12 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 6 to 12 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 8 to 12 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 10 to 12 hrs.
  • homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 4 to 10 hrs. In some embodiments, homogenizing comprises soaking the 6xxx aluminum alloy in air for 6 to 8 hrs.
  • the homogenizing further comprises air-cooling the 6xxx aluminum alloy to room temperature (as defined herein).
  • the extruding step is performed at an exit temperature T E , wherein the T E is controlled to a range of 450° C. to 570° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 470° C. to 570° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 490° C. to 570° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 510° C. to 570° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 530° C. to 570° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 550° C. to 570° C.
  • T E is controlled to a range of 450° C. to 550° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 450° C. to 530° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 450° C. to 510° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 450° C. to 490° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 450° C. to 470° C.
  • T E is controlled to a range of 470° C. to 550° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to a range of 490° C. to 530° C. In some embodiments, T E is controlled to 510° C.
  • aging is performed for from 1 to 128 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 32 to 128 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 64 to 128 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 96 to 128 hours.
  • aging is performed for from 1 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 1 to 64 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 1 to 32 hours.
  • aging is performed for from 32 to 96 hours.
  • aging is performed for from 5 to 35 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 10 to 35 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 15 to 35 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 20 to 35 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 25 to 35 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 30 to 35 hours.
  • aging is performed for from 5 to 30 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 5 to 25 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 5 to 20 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 5 to 15 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 5 to 10 hours.
  • aging is performed for from 10 to 35 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 15 to 30 hours. In some embodiments, aging is performed for from 20 to 25 hours.
  • the aging step comprises natural aging (as defined herein), artificial aging (as defined herein), or any combination thereof.
  • natural aging is performed for 1 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 10 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 20 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 30 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 40 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 50 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 60 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 70 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 80 to 96 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 90 to 96 hours.
  • natural aging is performed for 1 to 90 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 1 to 80 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 1 to 70 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 1 to 60 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 1 to 50 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 1 to 40 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 1 to 30 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 1 to 20 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 1 to 10 hours.
  • natural aging is performed for 10 to 90 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 20 to 80 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 30 to 70 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 40 to 60 hours. In some embodiments, natural aging is performed for 50 hours.
  • artificial aging is performed for 1 to 32 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 5 to 32 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 10 to 32 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 15 to 32 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 20 to 32 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 25 to 32 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 30 to 32 hours.
  • artificial aging is performed for 1 to 30 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 1 to 25 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 1 to 20 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 1 to 15 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 1 to 10 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 1 to 5 hours.
  • artificial aging is performed for 5 to 30 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 10 to 25 hours. In some embodiments, artificial aging is performed for 15 to 20 hours.
  • artificial aging is performed at an artificial aging temperature (T AA ) of 150° C. to 210° C.
  • T AA is from 160° C. to 210° C.
  • T AA is from 170° C. to 210° C.
  • T AA is from 180° C. to 210° C.
  • T AA is from 190° C. to 210° C.
  • T AA is from 200° C. to 210° C.
  • T AA is from 150° C. to 200° C. In some embodiments, T AA is from 150° C. to 190° C. In some embodiments, T AA is from 150° C. to 180° C. In some embodiments, T AA is from 150° C. to 170° C. In some embodiments, T AA is from 150° C. to 160° C.
  • T AA is from 160° C. to 200° C. In some embodiments, T AA is from 170° C. to 190° C. In some embodiments, T AA is 180° C.
  • the method of manufacturing the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein may include a quenching step.
  • the quenching is water quenching.
  • the quenching step may be performed between the homogenizing step and the extruding step.
  • a method of manufacturing the 6xxx aluminum alloy described herein that includes a quenching step is as follows: (a) casting the 6xxx aluminum alloy, (b) homogenizing the 6xxx aluminum alloy, (c) quenching the 6xxx aluminum alloy, (d) extruding the 6xxx aluminum alloy, (d) and aging the 6xxx aluminum alloy.
  • the homogenized ingots were hot rolled to 0.2′′ thick with exit temperatures of 315° C.
  • Hot rolled plates were solution-heat-treated at 552° C. for 2 hours, and quenched in room temperature water. After 24 hours of natural aging, rolled plates were artificially aged. Mechanical properties in the long transverse direction were measured, with results shown in Table 2.
  • the billets were homogenized using the following practice: Slow heating of billets from room temperature to 571.1° C. (at a maximum rate of 73.9° C. per hour); 6-hour soak at 571.1° C.; Fast forced air cooling-282.2° C. per hour target.
  • FIG. 1 shows the dimension of an exemplary extrusion profile.
  • the extrusion profiles were also water quenched with a quench rate of 77° C./second.
  • extrusion profiles of Alloys 2 and 3 were naturally aged at room temperature for various times (between 0 to 96 hours). Extrusion profiles of Alloys 2 and 3 were also artificially aged at 180° C. for 10 hours. As shown in FIG. 2 , tensile specimens were cut from top and bottom locations of each extrusion profile.
  • the billets of Alloy 4 were homogenized using the following practice: slow heating (at a maximum rate of 73.9° C. per hour) of billets from room temperature to 571.1° C.; 6-hour soak at 571.1° C.; and fast (i.e., 282.2° C. per hour target) forced air cooling.
  • the billets of Alloy 4 were extruded to specified profiles with the exit temperature controlled to between 557° C. and 553° C.
  • the extrusion profiles were also water quenched with a quench rate of 77° C./second.
  • Billets of 1.5′′ diameter and 2′′ long were machined from the 8′′ diameter billets of Example 3a. These 1.5′′ diameter billets were then extruded on a small lab-scale extrusion machine. Extrusion process conditions are shown in Table 11. The extrusion profiles were also water quenched with a quench rate of 100° C./second.

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