US20220336950A1 - Wide band directional antenna - Google Patents
Wide band directional antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20220336950A1 US20220336950A1 US17/706,195 US202217706195A US2022336950A1 US 20220336950 A1 US20220336950 A1 US 20220336950A1 US 202217706195 A US202217706195 A US 202217706195A US 2022336950 A1 US2022336950 A1 US 2022336950A1
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- dipole
- circuit
- antenna according
- way
- antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
- H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
- H01Q5/49—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas with parasitic elements used for purposes other than for dual-band or multi-band, e.g. imbricated Yagi antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
Definitions
- This invention relates to a wide band directional antenna, particularly suitable for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals by using a plurality of bands used in the sector of mobile communication standards, especially in the sector of 4G and 5G standards.
- the most widespread directional antennas are the so-called Yagi antennas (named after their inventor), composed of a radiating component, made up of one or more dipoles, and one or more parasitic components (that is to say, not directly excited), the reflector and/or the director, whose purpose is to improve the intensity and orientation of the signal transmitted or received in the direction of the dipole.
- the wide band antennas currently available on the market have several practical problems: first, the dimensions are often considerable; second, they are affected by strong mutual inductance currents between the dipoles, at the various frequencies, with consequent narrowing of the frequency bands obtainable and less usability of the antenna itself, with regard to the communication services which must be covered by a predetermined band.
- Other antennas, with more compact dimensions, are not capable of covering all of the frequency bands, particularly among the lower ones used by the 4G and 5G communication standards.
- the aim of this invention is therefore to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages and limitations.
- the invention characterized as set out in the claims, achieves the aim thanks to a particular configuration of the radiating component, which consists of a plurality of dipoles.
- the main advantage obtained by means of this invention basically consists of the fact that it is particularly compact, above all compared with directional antennas for 4G and 5G telephony currently on the market, despite maintaining good impedance adjustment for multiple frequency bands, especially at the lower frequencies, below 1000 MHz.
- the invention allows very high levels of gain to be achieved, of between approximately 6 dBi for the lower frequency bands and up to approximately 13 dBi for the higher frequency bands, around several thousand MHz.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the invention according to a perspective assembly view, with some parts cut away to better illustrate others;
- FIG. 2 illustrates the invention according to the view in FIG. 1 exploded
- FIG. 3 illustrates a detail of the invention
- FIG. 3 a illustrates a detail of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 3 b illustrates a detail of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 4 illustrates a second detail of the invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates a third detail of the invention.
- the invention relates to a wide band directional antenna, particularly suitable for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals operating in the mobile communication standards sector, particularly 4G and 5G.
- the invention allows use to be made of many frequency bands included in a vast range which goes from frequencies below 1000 MHz, for example the band included between 698 and 960 MHz, up to frequencies higher than 3000 MHz and beyond, for example the band included between 3300 and 3800 MHz.
- frequencies below 1000 MHz for example the band included between 698 and 960 MHz, up to frequencies higher than 3000 MHz and beyond, for example the band included between 3300 and 3800 MHz.
- the antenna 10 shown in an assembly configuration without the containment structure, comprises at least three elements 1 , 2 , 3 which are at least partially aligned, electrically isolated from each other, of which a lower element 1 comprises at least one reflector circuit 11 , a middle element 2 comprises at least one dipole circuit 21 connected to a transmission line 4 , and an upper element 3 comprises at least one director circuit 31 .
- the three elements 1 , 2 , 3 visible in the exploded view of FIG.
- FIGS. 2 are preferably made in the form of supporting plates 12 , 22 , 32 made of insulating material, for example Vetronite, on which the conductive material has been deposited, for example copper, which forms the above-mentioned circuits 11 , 21 , 31 , intended to perform different electromagnetic functions.
- insulating material for example Vetronite
- the conductive material for example copper
- the reflector circuit 11 reflects the electromagnetic field which strikes it; the dipole circuit 21 , connected to the transmission line 4 transmits and receives the signal of interest from and to a telecommunications unit, not shown here; the director circuit 31 promotes the propagation of the electromagnetic field arriving from the dipole circuit 21 and from the reflector circuit 11 in a predetermined direction.
- the dipole circuit 21 comprises at least one first pair of conductive elements 211 , 212 , suitable for forming a minor dipole 21 m connected to the transmission line 4 , shown in FIG. 3 a , suitable for supplying functionality at the higher frequency bands, and at least one second pair of electrically isolated conductive elements 213 , 214 , excited with capacitive effect by the minor dipole 21 m , a phenomenon made possible by the small thickness of the supporting plate 22 and by the partial superposing, on the two faces 22 a , 22 b of the plate 22 , of the conductive elements 211 , 213 ; 212 , 214 .
- the set formed by the minor dipole 21 m and by the second pair of conductive elements 213 , 214 thereby forms a major dipole 21 M, shown in FIG. 3 b , suitable for supplying functionality at the central and lower frequency bands, for example those between 1710 and 2690 MHz and between 698 and 960 MHz.
- the antenna 10 comprises two identical and specular dipole circuits 21 , 21 ′, which are connected to the transmission line 4 , here composed of a coaxial cable 41 and two double-wire lines 42 , which allow the signal to be split or formed equally between the two dipoles 21 , 21 ′.
- the set of dipoles 21 , 21 ′ fed in this way forms an “antenna array”, allowing an increase in the overall gain and improving the directional feature of the antenna.
- At least one electrically isolated conductive element 214 to comprise a bent extension 214 a parallel to the body of the major dipole 21 M, in such a way as to favor impedance adjustment at the lower frequencies, and having a length such that it reaches the electrically isolated second conductive element 213 in such a way as to form a capacitive coupling.
- the lower element 1 shown in FIG. 4 , comprises two reflector circuits 11 , 11 ′, placed on two separate plates 12 , 12 ′, substantially specular and electrically isolated from each other in order to reduce the coupling between the dipoles 21 , 21 ′ above, particularly at the lower frequency bands.
- Each of them comprises a cut 11 a which is transversal relative to the dipoles 21 m , 21 M, and at least partially aligned with the transmission line 4 , in such a way as to extend the path of the currents and to maintain electrical continuity, making it suitable for supplying functionality at the lower frequency bands.
- the reflector circuit 11 comprises at least one non-conductive island 11 b , with a substantially polygonal shape, in such a way as to improve the behavior of the reflector circuit 11 at the higher frequency bands.
- the reflector circuits 11 , 11 ′ each comprise two islands 11 b which are positioned symmetrically relative to the transversal cut 11 a , having a quadrangular shape and preferably trapezoidal, wherein the two parallel sides 111 b are sized in order to allow the functionality of the reflector circuit 11 for two different frequency bands, whose quarter wavelength substantially corresponds to the lengths of the parallel sides 111 b.
- the upper element 3 also preferably comprises two substantially symmetrical director circuits 31 , 31 ′, in such a way that each faces a dipole 21 , 21 ′.
- the director circuits 31 , 31 ′ have a trapezoidal shape, in such a way as to improve the behavior of the director circuit 31 at the higher frequency bands and to bring the dipole circuit 21 back to resonance.
- a dipole circuit 21 is resonant when voltage and current are in phase at the point of connection to a transmission line 4 , since in this condition the antenna impedance is purely real and transmission occurs easily; feeding with capacitive effect of the major dipole 21 M introduces a phase inversion which takes the resonance frequency outside the frequencies of interest, rendering the dipole circuit 21 no longer resonant.
- a director circuit 31 shaped in this way and placed at a suitable distance from the dipole circuit 21 adds a further capacitive contribution which allows the dipole circuit 21 to become resonant again at central frequency bands, for example between 1710 and 2700 MHz.
- the upper element 3 also comprises a horizontal “H”-shaped third director circuit 31 ′′, in order to improve impedance adjustment at the lower frequency bands, for example between 698 and 960 MHz.
- a plurality of spacers 5 suitable for separating the middle element 2 from the lower element 1 and from the upper element 3 allows the efficiency of the antenna 10 to be optimized, sizing it depending on the frequency bands to be used.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to Italian Patent Application 102021000008060 filed Mar. 31, 2021, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.
- This invention relates to a wide band directional antenna, particularly suitable for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals by using a plurality of bands used in the sector of mobile communication standards, especially in the sector of 4G and 5G standards.
- The most widespread directional antennas are the so-called Yagi antennas (named after their inventor), composed of a radiating component, made up of one or more dipoles, and one or more parasitic components (that is to say, not directly excited), the reflector and/or the director, whose purpose is to improve the intensity and orientation of the signal transmitted or received in the direction of the dipole.
- Nowadays, the demand for increasingly high performance with reference to the various telecommunications sectors means that there is a need to increase the frequency bands used and, in some cases, to expand the frequency bands already previously used.
- As a result of that need, wide band products have been brought to market, that is to say, products capable of simultaneously covering multiple frequency bands, which are capable of fulfilling the functionalities associated with multiple separate frequency bands. Those antennas have a structure with dipoles, making it possible to cover multiple commercial frequency bands, in such a way as to use them for different communication services with regard to the specific use requirements.
- In parallel, even in the sector of antennas there is a tendency to favor construction solutions which have compact dimensions, which are preferable both from the use of materials viewpoint, and the convenience and ease of installation viewpoint.
- The wide band antennas currently available on the market have several practical problems: first, the dimensions are often considerable; second, they are affected by strong mutual inductance currents between the dipoles, at the various frequencies, with consequent narrowing of the frequency bands obtainable and less usability of the antenna itself, with regard to the communication services which must be covered by a predetermined band. Other antennas, with more compact dimensions, are not capable of covering all of the frequency bands, particularly among the lower ones used by the 4G and 5G communication standards.
- The aim of this invention is therefore to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages and limitations.
- The invention, characterized as set out in the claims, achieves the aim thanks to a particular configuration of the radiating component, which consists of a plurality of dipoles.
- The main advantage obtained by means of this invention basically consists of the fact that it is particularly compact, above all compared with directional antennas for 4G and 5G telephony currently on the market, despite maintaining good impedance adjustment for multiple frequency bands, especially at the lower frequencies, below 1000 MHz.
- Moreover, the invention allows very high levels of gain to be achieved, of between approximately 6 dBi for the lower frequency bands and up to approximately 13 dBi for the higher frequency bands, around several thousand MHz.
- Further advantages and features of the invention will be more apparent in the detailed description which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show an example, non-limiting embodiment, in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates the invention according to a perspective assembly view, with some parts cut away to better illustrate others; -
FIG. 2 illustrates the invention according to the view inFIG. 1 exploded; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a detail of the invention; -
FIG. 3a illustrates a detail ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 3b illustrates a detail ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 4 illustrates a second detail of the invention; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a third detail of the invention. - As seen in the figures, the invention relates to a wide band directional antenna, particularly suitable for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals operating in the mobile communication standards sector, particularly 4G and 5G. In this specific use, the invention allows use to be made of many frequency bands included in a vast range which goes from frequencies below 1000 MHz, for example the band included between 698 and 960 MHz, up to frequencies higher than 3000 MHz and beyond, for example the band included between 3300 and 3800 MHz. However, that does not compromise use of the invention even for other frequency bands used for this and other purposes, such as, for example, WiFi transmissions, next generation cellular networks or other single-band or multi-band communication standards used in civilian, military, industrial, medical or other sectors. The
antenna 10, shown in an assembly configuration without the containment structure, comprises at least threeelements lower element 1 comprises at least onereflector circuit 11, amiddle element 2 comprises at least onedipole circuit 21 connected to atransmission line 4, and anupper element 3 comprises at least onedirector circuit 31. The threeelements FIG. 2 , are preferably made in the form of supportingplates circuits - The
reflector circuit 11 reflects the electromagnetic field which strikes it; thedipole circuit 21, connected to thetransmission line 4 transmits and receives the signal of interest from and to a telecommunications unit, not shown here; thedirector circuit 31 promotes the propagation of the electromagnetic field arriving from thedipole circuit 21 and from thereflector circuit 11 in a predetermined direction. - In a preferred embodiment of the
antenna 10, thedipole circuit 21, shown inFIG. 3 , comprises at least one first pair ofconductive elements minor dipole 21 m connected to thetransmission line 4, shown inFIG. 3a , suitable for supplying functionality at the higher frequency bands, and at least one second pair of electrically isolatedconductive elements minor dipole 21 m, a phenomenon made possible by the small thickness of the supportingplate 22 and by the partial superposing, on the two faces 22 a, 22 b of theplate 22, of theconductive elements minor dipole 21 m and by the second pair ofconductive elements major dipole 21M, shown inFIG. 3b , suitable for supplying functionality at the central and lower frequency bands, for example those between 1710 and 2690 MHz and between 698 and 960 MHz. - In the embodiment shown in the figures, the
antenna 10 comprises two identical andspecular dipole circuits transmission line 4, here composed of acoaxial cable 41 and two double-wire lines 42, which allow the signal to be split or formed equally between the twodipoles dipoles - Moreover, it is advantageous for at least one electrically isolated
conductive element 214 to comprise abent extension 214 a parallel to the body of themajor dipole 21M, in such a way as to favor impedance adjustment at the lower frequencies, and having a length such that it reaches the electrically isolated secondconductive element 213 in such a way as to form a capacitive coupling. - The
lower element 1, shown inFIG. 4 , comprises tworeflector circuits separate plates dipoles cut 11 a which is transversal relative to thedipoles transmission line 4, in such a way as to extend the path of the currents and to maintain electrical continuity, making it suitable for supplying functionality at the lower frequency bands. - The
reflector circuit 11 comprises at least onenon-conductive island 11 b, with a substantially polygonal shape, in such a way as to improve the behavior of thereflector circuit 11 at the higher frequency bands. In the example shown in the figures, thereflector circuits islands 11 b which are positioned symmetrically relative to thetransversal cut 11 a, having a quadrangular shape and preferably trapezoidal, wherein the twoparallel sides 111 b are sized in order to allow the functionality of thereflector circuit 11 for two different frequency bands, whose quarter wavelength substantially corresponds to the lengths of theparallel sides 111 b. - The
upper element 3, shown inFIG. 5 , also preferably comprises two substantiallysymmetrical director circuits dipole director circuits director circuit 31 at the higher frequency bands and to bring thedipole circuit 21 back to resonance. In fact, adipole circuit 21 is resonant when voltage and current are in phase at the point of connection to atransmission line 4, since in this condition the antenna impedance is purely real and transmission occurs easily; feeding with capacitive effect of themajor dipole 21M introduces a phase inversion which takes the resonance frequency outside the frequencies of interest, rendering thedipole circuit 21 no longer resonant. Adirector circuit 31 shaped in this way and placed at a suitable distance from thedipole circuit 21 adds a further capacitive contribution which allows thedipole circuit 21 to become resonant again at central frequency bands, for example between 1710 and 2700 MHz. - The
upper element 3 also comprises a horizontal “H”-shapedthird director circuit 31″, in order to improve impedance adjustment at the lower frequency bands, for example between 698 and 960 MHz. - A plurality of
spacers 5, suitable for separating themiddle element 2 from thelower element 1 and from theupper element 3 allows the efficiency of theantenna 10 to be optimized, sizing it depending on the frequency bands to be used.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT202100008060 | 2021-03-31 | ||
IT102021000008060 | 2021-03-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20220336950A1 true US20220336950A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
US11757187B2 US11757187B2 (en) | 2023-09-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US17/706,195 Active US11757187B2 (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2022-03-28 | Wide band directional antenna |
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US (1) | US11757187B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4068515A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3710337A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1973-01-09 | Jfd Electronics Corp | Miniature tv antenna |
US6087989A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 2000-07-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Cavity-backed microstrip dipole antenna array |
US20110241960A1 (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2011-10-06 | National Taiwan University | Stacked antenna |
CN108232467A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-29 | 深圳市航天华拓科技有限公司 | Micro-strip Quasi-Yagi antenna |
CN111799569A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-20 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Antenna module and electronic equipment |
WO2021192560A1 (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | 株式会社ヨコオ | Planar antenna and high-frequency module comprising same |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4604628A (en) | 1983-03-11 | 1986-08-05 | Telex Communications, Inc. | Parasitic array with driven sleeve element |
CN1881685B (en) | 2006-03-22 | 2010-05-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Cross feed broadband printed Yagi antenna |
KR101997698B1 (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2019-07-09 | 국방과학연구소 | Dual-band quasi-yagi antenna |
-
2022
- 2022-03-28 US US17/706,195 patent/US11757187B2/en active Active
- 2022-03-29 EP EP22020138.8A patent/EP4068515A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3710337A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1973-01-09 | Jfd Electronics Corp | Miniature tv antenna |
US6087989A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 2000-07-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Cavity-backed microstrip dipole antenna array |
US20110241960A1 (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2011-10-06 | National Taiwan University | Stacked antenna |
CN108232467A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-29 | 深圳市航天华拓科技有限公司 | Micro-strip Quasi-Yagi antenna |
WO2021192560A1 (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | 株式会社ヨコオ | Planar antenna and high-frequency module comprising same |
CN111799569A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-20 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Antenna module and electronic equipment |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US11757187B2 (en) | 2023-09-12 |
EP4068515A1 (en) | 2022-10-05 |
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