US20220332997A1 - Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters - Google Patents
Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20220332997A1 US20220332997A1 US17/581,288 US202217581288A US2022332997A1 US 20220332997 A1 US20220332997 A1 US 20220332997A1 US 202217581288 A US202217581288 A US 202217581288A US 2022332997 A1 US2022332997 A1 US 2022332997A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- mixture
- fatty acid
- electrical device
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title description 27
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title description 27
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title description 27
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 title description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001149 (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WTTJVINHCBCLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9trans,12cis)-methyl linoleate Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC WTTJVINHCBCLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-undecenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LNJCGNRKWOHFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)propanenitrile Chemical compound OCCSCCC#N LNJCGNRKWOHFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PKIXXJPMNDDDOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl linoleate Natural products CCCCC=CCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC PKIXXJPMNDDDOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-ADYSOMBNSA-N Ricinoleic Acid methyl ester Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-ADYSOMBNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-SFHVURJKSA-N Ricinolsaeure-methylester Natural products CCCCCC[C@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproleic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=C KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N epoxidized methyl oleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC1OC1CCCCCCCC(=O)OC CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCC(O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 29
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-2-butanol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)O MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CC AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000390166 Physaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QPCCAOJIFBCMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 12-(hydroxymethyl)octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(CO)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QPCCAOJIFBCMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVRIRQXJSNCSPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl carbonochloridate Chemical class CC(C)OC(Cl)=O IVRIRQXJSNCSPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
- H01F27/12—Oil cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
- H01F27/321—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof using a fluid for insulating purposes only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2039—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a composition based on fatty acid (preferably methyl) esters, preferably derived from castor oil, as a dielectric fluid in various electrical devices such as transformers and capacitors.
- fatty acid preferably methyl
- castor oil preferably castor oil
- capacitors and transformers contain a dielectric (or insulating) fluid.
- the function of this fluid is to isolate the high-voltage components from the other parts of the device and to convey the heat to the environment in order to cool the unit.
- compositions based on vegetable oils have also been proposed. They are generally formulated with antioxidant type additives allowing to improve the oxidation stability of the fluid.
- document US 2002/027219 describes an oleic acid-rich oil composition used as an electrical insulation fluid, suitable for electrical devices in combination with several antioxidant type additives, pour point depressant additives and copper deactivators.
- Document US 2008/283803 discloses a dielectric fluid composition
- a pretreated vegetable oil i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized
- one or more antioxidant compounds i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized
- one or more pour point depressant agents i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized
- pour point depressant agents i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized
- a pour point depressant agents i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized
- Dielectric fluids containing ester compounds are also known.
- document WO 2012/001043 proposes an additive derived, for example, from oleic acid, modified by reaction with an isopropyl chloroformate type compound, for dielectric oils. Advantages in terms of viscosity reduction, oxidation stability, increase in permittivity, and pour point reduction are discussed.
- Document US 2014/252281 relates to the use of a functionalized methyl-12-hydroxymethyl-stearate type synthetic esters obtained by hydroformylation and hydrogenation of oleic acid.
- document EP 1623785 discloses the use of fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters, mainly based on oleic acid, as a dielectric fluid in a completely different application, namely electro-erosion machining and more particularly electric discharge machines (EDM).
- EDM electric discharge machines
- the machining tool and the machined part are immersed in a dielectric fluid.
- the invention primarily relates to the use of a composition comprising a mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters as a dielectric fluid in an electrical device.
- the electrical device is chosen from transformers, capacitors and electric cables.
- the vegetable oil is castor oil.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters is a mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid methyl esters.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises:
- the composition essentially consists, or even consists, of the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters.
- the composition comprises a pour point depressant additive, preferably in a mass proportion of 0.1 to 5%, preferably of 1 to 2%.
- the composition essentially consists, or even consists, of the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters and the pour point depressant additive.
- the pour point depressant additive is an acrylic polymer dissolved in an oil.
- the invention also relates to an electrical device comprising an enclosure containing a composition comprising a mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters as a dielectric fluid.
- the electrical device is chosen from transformers, capacitors and electric cables.
- the composition in the electrical device is as described above.
- the present invention makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. More particularly, it provides dielectric fluid compositions for electrical devices such as capacitors and transformers, having low environmental impact and having high electrical insulation performance.
- compositions based on fatty acid methyl esters obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil are provided.
- the invention relates to the use of a composition comprising a mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters, preferably vegetable oil fatty acid methyl esters, as a dielectric fluid in an electrical device.
- This mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters is a mixture which may be obtained by transesterification of a vegetable oil with an alcohol, preferably a linear alcohol, more preferably a C1 to C5 linear alcohol, preferably C1 to C2.
- Possible alcohols are methanol, ethanol, propanol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, pentan-1-ol, pentan-2-ol, pentan-3-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-2-ol, 3-methylbutan-2-ol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, and 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol.
- a mixture of the above alcohols may also be used.
- the alcohol comprises methanol. More preferably, only methanol is used.
- the transesterification rate of the mixture is not necessarily 100%, which means that the ester mixture in question may comprise a certain proportion of unesterified fatty acids.
- the vegetable oil may be pretreated before the transesterification step. However, it is preferably not pretreated before this step. It may advantageously undergo a post-treatment step after the transesterification, such as purification by distillation.
- fatty acid composition varies considerably from one vegetable oil to another.
- the vegetable oil may notably be a castor oil, a rapeseed oil, a soybean oil, a sunflower oil, an olive oil, a cottonseed oil, a palm oil, a coconut oil, a corn oil, a seaweed oil, an Abyssinian oil, a safflower oil, a lesquerella oil or a mixture thereof.
- it may be a castor oil.
- the fatty acid ester mixture concerned by the present invention derives from fatty acids which are saturated and unsaturated, and preferably have chain lengths comprised between C8 and C26, preferably between C10 and C22; wherein these fatty acids preferentially include palmitic (C16), stearic (C18) oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl oleate (C18:1), preferably in a mass content of 1 to 90%, preferably of 20 to 40%, more preferably of 25 to 35%.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl linoleate (C18:2), preferably in a mass content of 1 to 80%, preferably of 30 to 50%, more preferably of 35 to 45%.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl stearate (C18:0), preferably in a mass content of 1 to 20%, preferably of 5 to 20%, more preferably less than 6 to 15%, and more preferably of 8 to 12%.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl palmitate (C16:0), preferably in a mass content of 1 to 50%, preferably in a mass content of less than 10%, and more preferably less than 8.5%.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl ricinoleate (C18:1(OH)), preferably in a mass content of 0% to 4%, more preferably of 1.5 to 4%, and in particular of 2 to 3%.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises 10-undecylenic acid (C11:1), preferably in a mass content of 0 to 1.5%, more preferably of 0.4 to 1.2%, and, in particular of 0.6 to 1%.
- Such a product is notably marketed by Arkema under the designation Oleris® Esterol A.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters simultaneously comprises methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and may contain methyl ricinoleate and 10-undecylenic acid, preferably in the mass contents indicated above.
- the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters may comprise the various esters mentioned above, preferably in the proportions mentioned above, by replacing the term “methyl” by another alkyl group (e.g. “ethyl” if ethanol is used, etc.).
- the composition of the invention is devoid of pour point depressant additive.
- the composition of the invention comprises a pour point depressant additive.
- the pour point depressant additive is preferably selected so that it enables the pour point of the composition according to the invention to be lowered below 0° C. (preferably below ⁇ 1° C., or ⁇ 2° C., or ⁇ 3° C., or ⁇ 4° C., or ⁇ 5° C., or ⁇ 6° C., or ⁇ 7° C., or ⁇ 8° C., or ⁇ 9° C. according to the ASTM D97 standard).
- Suitable pour point depressants include acrylic polymers (which includes acrylic copolymers), preferably a polyalkyl methacrylate.
- acrylic polymers which includes acrylic copolymers
- a particularly suitable additive is the product marketed by Evonik under the reference VISCOPLEX® 1-211.
- the additive may be present in the composition in a mass proportion of 0.1 to 5%, and preferably of 1 to 2%.
- a mixture of castor oil fatty acid (methyl) esters with such a pour point depressant additive is notably marketed by Arkema under the designation Oleris® Esterol F.
- composition of the invention may comprise other dielectric compounds or various additives, such as antioxidants or metal deactivators.
- composition of the invention is essentially devoid, or even completely devoid, of such compounds and additives.
- the composition of the invention is essentially devoid, or totally devoid, of antioxidant.
- the composition of the invention is essentially devoid, or totally devoid, of metal deactivator.
- the composition of the invention consists essentially of the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters and, where appropriate, the pour point depressant additive described above. According to another embodiment, the composition consists of the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters and, where appropriate, the pour point depressant additive.
- the required thresholds are based on the IEC 62770 standard.
- both products comply with the physical (viscosity at 40° C.) and safety (fire point ⁇ 175° C., flash point ⁇ 135° C.) criteria, and are easily biodegradable.
- the breakdown voltages were then compared with those of other plant-based products containing triglycerides and additives (antioxidants and/or metal deactivators).
- composition of comparative example 1 contains more than 98.5% of soybean oil, less than 1% of antioxidant, less than 1% of pour point depressant, and less than 1% of dye.
- composition of comparative example 2 contains 98.4% of sunflower oil with a high oleic acid content and 1.6% of antioxidants and of metal deactivator.
- Oleris® Esterol A and F products in addition to their low viscosity, their biodegradability, their plant origin, and the absence of antioxidant and metal deactivator in their composition, therefore have intrinsic breakdown tensions far higher than dielectric fluids based on vegetable oil and formulated with additives.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57.
- The present invention relates to the use of a composition based on fatty acid (preferably methyl) esters, preferably derived from castor oil, as a dielectric fluid in various electrical devices such as transformers and capacitors.
- Many electrical devices such as capacitors and transformers contain a dielectric (or insulating) fluid. The function of this fluid is to isolate the high-voltage components from the other parts of the device and to convey the heat to the environment in order to cool the unit.
- It is known to use mineral oils as dielectric fluids in these applications.
- Moreover, in an effort to reduce the environmental impact of dielectric fluids, compositions based on vegetable oils have also been proposed. They are generally formulated with antioxidant type additives allowing to improve the oxidation stability of the fluid.
- Thus, document US 2002/027219 describes an oleic acid-rich oil composition used as an electrical insulation fluid, suitable for electrical devices in combination with several antioxidant type additives, pour point depressant additives and copper deactivators.
- Document US 2008/283803 discloses a dielectric fluid composition comprising a pretreated vegetable oil (i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized), one or more antioxidant compounds, and one or more pour point depressant agents.
- Dielectric fluids containing ester compounds are also known.
- Thus, document WO 2012/001043 proposes an additive derived, for example, from oleic acid, modified by reaction with an isopropyl chloroformate type compound, for dielectric oils. Advantages in terms of viscosity reduction, oxidation stability, increase in permittivity, and pour point reduction are discussed.
- Document US 2014/252281 relates to the use of a functionalized methyl-12-hydroxymethyl-stearate type synthetic esters obtained by hydroformylation and hydrogenation of oleic acid.
- Document US 2015/0228373 discloses the use of synthetic esters with one or more additives (antioxidants, metal deactivators and pour point depressant agents) as dielectric fluids in electrical devices. The synthetic esters are prepared by reacting pentaerythritol with certain selected carboxylic acids.
- Furthermore, document EP 1623785 discloses the use of fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters, mainly based on oleic acid, as a dielectric fluid in a completely different application, namely electro-erosion machining and more particularly electric discharge machines (EDM). In this application, the machining tool and the machined part are immersed in a dielectric fluid.
- There is a need to provide dielectric fluid compositions for electrical devices such as capacitors and transformers having low environmental impact and having high electrical insulation performance, particularly in terms of breakdown voltage.
- The invention primarily relates to the use of a composition comprising a mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters as a dielectric fluid in an electrical device.
- According to one embodiment, the electrical device is chosen from transformers, capacitors and electric cables.
- According to one embodiment, the vegetable oil is castor oil.
- According to one embodiment, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters is a mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid methyl esters.
- According to one embodiment, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises:
-
- methyl stearate, preferably in a mass content of 1 to 20%, more preferably less than 15%; and/or
- methyl oleate, preferably in a mass content of 1 to 90%, more preferably of 25 to 35%; and/or
- methyl linoleate, preferably in a mass content of 1 to 80%, more preferably of 35 to 45%; and/or
- methyl palmitate, preferably in a mass content of 1 to 50%, preferably less than 10%; and/or
- methyl ricinoleate, preferably in a mass content of 0 to 4%, more preferably of 2 to 3%; and/or
- 10-undecylenic acid, preferably in a mass content of 0 to 1%.
- According to one embodiment, the composition essentially consists, or even consists, of the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters.
- According to one embodiment, the composition comprises a pour point depressant additive, preferably in a mass proportion of 0.1 to 5%, preferably of 1 to 2%.
- According to one embodiment, the composition essentially consists, or even consists, of the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters and the pour point depressant additive.
- According to one embodiment, the pour point depressant additive is an acrylic polymer dissolved in an oil.
- The invention also relates to an electrical device comprising an enclosure containing a composition comprising a mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters as a dielectric fluid.
- According to one embodiment, the electrical device is chosen from transformers, capacitors and electric cables.
- According to one embodiment, the composition in the electrical device is as described above.
- The present invention makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. More particularly, it provides dielectric fluid compositions for electrical devices such as capacitors and transformers, having low environmental impact and having high electrical insulation performance.
- This is accomplished by providing compositions based on fatty acid methyl esters obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil.
- In some advantageous embodiments of the invention:
-
- the compositions according to the invention have a high breakdown voltage that is greater than the minimum specification required by the IEC 62770 standard;
- the compositions according to the invention may be produced easily and at a moderate cost;
- the compositions according to the invention have a low viscosity;
- the compositions according to the invention exhibit good biodegradability;
- the compositions according to the invention may contain little or no additives (expensive, toxic and non-biodegradable) such as the antioxidants or the metal deactivators commonly used in the formulations of the prior art.
- The invention is now described in more detail and without limitation in the description which follows.
- The invention relates to the use of a composition comprising a mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters, preferably vegetable oil fatty acid methyl esters, as a dielectric fluid in an electrical device.
- This mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters is a mixture which may be obtained by transesterification of a vegetable oil with an alcohol, preferably a linear alcohol, more preferably a C1 to C5 linear alcohol, preferably C1 to C2.
- Possible alcohols are methanol, ethanol, propanol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, pentan-1-ol, pentan-2-ol, pentan-3-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutan-2-ol, 3-methylbutan-2-ol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, and 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol.
- A mixture of the above alcohols may also be used.
- Preferably the alcohol comprises methanol. More preferably, only methanol is used.
- The transesterification rate of the mixture is not necessarily 100%, which means that the ester mixture in question may comprise a certain proportion of unesterified fatty acids.
- The vegetable oil may be pretreated before the transesterification step. However, it is preferably not pretreated before this step. It may advantageously undergo a post-treatment step after the transesterification, such as purification by distillation.
- It should be noted that the fatty acid composition varies considerably from one vegetable oil to another.
- The vegetable oil may notably be a castor oil, a rapeseed oil, a soybean oil, a sunflower oil, an olive oil, a cottonseed oil, a palm oil, a coconut oil, a corn oil, a seaweed oil, an Abyssinian oil, a safflower oil, a lesquerella oil or a mixture thereof.
- More particularly preferably, it may be a castor oil.
- The fatty acid ester mixture concerned by the present invention derives from fatty acids which are saturated and unsaturated, and preferably have chain lengths comprised between C8 and C26, preferably between C10 and C22; wherein these fatty acids preferentially include palmitic (C16), stearic (C18) oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids.
- According to one embodiment, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl oleate (C18:1), preferably in a mass content of 1 to 90%, preferably of 20 to 40%, more preferably of 25 to 35%.
- According to one embodiment, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl linoleate (C18:2), preferably in a mass content of 1 to 80%, preferably of 30 to 50%, more preferably of 35 to 45%.
- According to one embodiment, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl stearate (C18:0), preferably in a mass content of 1 to 20%, preferably of 5 to 20%, more preferably less than 6 to 15%, and more preferably of 8 to 12%.
- According to one embodiment, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl palmitate (C16:0), preferably in a mass content of 1 to 50%, preferably in a mass content of less than 10%, and more preferably less than 8.5%.
- According to one embodiment, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises methyl ricinoleate (C18:1(OH)), preferably in a mass content of 0% to 4%, more preferably of 1.5 to 4%, and in particular of 2 to 3%.
- According to one embodiment, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters comprises 10-undecylenic acid (C11:1), preferably in a mass content of 0 to 1.5%, more preferably of 0.4 to 1.2%, and, in particular of 0.6 to 1%.
- Such a product is notably marketed by Arkema under the designation Oleris® Esterol A.
- According to one embodiment, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters simultaneously comprises methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and may contain methyl ricinoleate and 10-undecylenic acid, preferably in the mass contents indicated above.
- Alternatively, if another alcohol than methanol is used for the transesterification, the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters may comprise the various esters mentioned above, preferably in the proportions mentioned above, by replacing the term “methyl” by another alkyl group (e.g. “ethyl” if ethanol is used, etc.).
- According to one embodiment, the composition of the invention is devoid of pour point depressant additive.
- According to an alternative embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises a pour point depressant additive.
- The pour point depressant additive is preferably selected so that it enables the pour point of the composition according to the invention to be lowered below 0° C. (preferably below −1° C., or −2° C., or −3° C., or −4° C., or −5° C., or −6° C., or −7° C., or −8° C., or −9° C. according to the ASTM D97 standard).
- Suitable pour point depressants include acrylic polymers (which includes acrylic copolymers), preferably a polyalkyl methacrylate. A particularly suitable additive is the product marketed by Evonik under the reference VISCOPLEX® 1-211.
- The additive may be present in the composition in a mass proportion of 0.1 to 5%, and preferably of 1 to 2%.
- A mixture of castor oil fatty acid (methyl) esters with such a pour point depressant additive is notably marketed by Arkema under the designation Oleris® Esterol F.
- According to one embodiment, the composition of the invention may comprise other dielectric compounds or various additives, such as antioxidants or metal deactivators.
- However, it is preferred that the composition of the invention is essentially devoid, or even completely devoid, of such compounds and additives.
- In particular, according to one embodiment, the composition of the invention is essentially devoid, or totally devoid, of antioxidant.
- According to one embodiment, the composition of the invention is essentially devoid, or totally devoid, of metal deactivator.
- According to one embodiment, the composition of the invention consists essentially of the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters and, where appropriate, the pour point depressant additive described above. According to another embodiment, the composition consists of the mixture of vegetable oil fatty acid esters and, where appropriate, the pour point depressant additive.
- The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it.
- Various properties that are important for use as dielectric fluid have been determined on the products marketed by Arkema under the references Oleris® Esterol A and F, which are compositions in accordance with the invention.
- The results are summarized in the table below. The required thresholds are based on the IEC 62770 standard.
-
Oleris ® Oleris ® Property Test method Threshold Esterol A Esterol F Viscosity ISO 3104 Max. <5 mm2s−1 <10 mm2s−1 at 40° C. 18 mm2s−1 Breakdown CEI 60156 Min. 35 kV 78 kV 76 kV voltage Fire point ISO 2592 Min. 175° C. 198° C. 192° C. (open cup) Flash point ISO 3679 Min. 135° C. 173° C. 167° C. (closed cup) Biodegra- US EPA Easily Easily Easily dation OCDE biodegradable biodegradable biodegradable 301 B 75% after 28 75% after 28 days days - In addition to having breakdown voltage values that are significantly higher than the minimum specification of 35 kV, both products comply with the physical (viscosity at 40° C.) and safety (fire point≥175° C., flash point≥135° C.) criteria, and are easily biodegradable.
- The breakdown voltages were then compared with those of other plant-based products containing triglycerides and additives (antioxidants and/or metal deactivators).
- The composition of comparative example 1 contains more than 98.5% of soybean oil, less than 1% of antioxidant, less than 1% of pour point depressant, and less than 1% of dye.
- The composition of comparative example 2 contains 98.4% of sunflower oil with a high oleic acid content and 1.6% of antioxidants and of metal deactivator.
-
Oleris ® Oleris ® Comparative Comparative Product Esterol A Esterol F example 1 example 2 Breakdown 78 76 47 45 voltage (kV) - The Oleris® Esterol A and F products, in addition to their low viscosity, their biodegradability, their plant origin, and the absence of antioxidant and metal deactivator in their composition, therefore have intrinsic breakdown tensions far higher than dielectric fluids based on vegetable oil and formulated with additives.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
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US17/581,288 US20220332997A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2022-01-21 | Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
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FR1656072A FR3053521B1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | DIELECTRIC FLUID CONTAINING FATTY ACID ESTERS |
FR1656072 | 2016-06-29 | ||
PCT/FR2017/051737 WO2018002529A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters |
US202016314365A | 2020-02-14 | 2020-02-14 | |
US17/581,288 US20220332997A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2022-01-21 | Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters |
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PCT/FR2017/051737 Continuation WO2018002529A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters |
US16/314,365 Continuation US11232884B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters |
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US20220332997A1 true US20220332997A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
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US17/581,288 Abandoned US20220332997A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2022-01-21 | Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters |
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US (2) | US11232884B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3479385B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109564794A (en) |
FR (1) | FR3053521B1 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20221435T1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2018015444A (en) |
MY (1) | MY194982A (en) |
SG (1) | SG11201811427YA (en) |
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WO2004108871A2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | Electricite De France - Service National | Liquid compositions that are based on modified oleic rapeseed oil and are used as insulating liquids and heat transfer liquids, and electrical devices containing said liquid compositions |
EP1623785A1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-02-08 | Paolo Ruggenini | Use of an ester of a fatty acid as dielectric fluid for electrical discharge machining. |
EP1662513A1 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2006-05-31 | Lion Corporation | Base for electric insulating oil |
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WO2013043311A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Dielectric fluids comprising polyol esters, methods for preparing mixtures of polyol esters, and electrical apparatuses comprising polyol ester dielectric fluids |
US20200279670A1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2020-09-03 | Arkema France | Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters |
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US5949017A (en) | 1996-06-18 | 1999-09-07 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Electrical transformers containing electrical insulation fluids comprising high oleic acid oil compositions |
EP2402957A1 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-04 | ABB Research Ltd. | Fatty acid and fatty acid alkyl ester oil additives |
MX358900B (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2018-09-07 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Synthetic ester-based dielectric fluid compositions for enhanced thermal management. |
GB201402570D0 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2014-04-02 | M & I Materials Ltd | Improvements in and relating to dielectric fluids |
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2016
- 2016-06-29 FR FR1656072A patent/FR3053521B1/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-06-29 WO PCT/FR2017/051737 patent/WO2018002529A1/en unknown
- 2017-06-29 EP EP17742496.7A patent/EP3479385B1/en active Active
- 2017-06-29 MX MX2018015444A patent/MX2018015444A/en unknown
- 2017-06-29 HR HRP20221435TT patent/HRP20221435T1/en unknown
- 2017-06-29 SG SG11201811427YA patent/SG11201811427YA/en unknown
- 2017-06-29 CN CN201780041045.5A patent/CN109564794A/en active Pending
- 2017-06-29 US US16/314,365 patent/US11232884B2/en active Active
- 2017-06-29 MY MYPI2018002523A patent/MY194982A/en unknown
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2022
- 2022-01-21 US US17/581,288 patent/US20220332997A1/en not_active Abandoned
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WO2004108871A2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | Electricite De France - Service National | Liquid compositions that are based on modified oleic rapeseed oil and are used as insulating liquids and heat transfer liquids, and electrical devices containing said liquid compositions |
EP1662513A1 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2006-05-31 | Lion Corporation | Base for electric insulating oil |
EP1623785A1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-02-08 | Paolo Ruggenini | Use of an ester of a fatty acid as dielectric fluid for electrical discharge machining. |
WO2007041785A1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-04-19 | Biolectric Pty Ltd | Low viscosity vegetable oil-based dielectric fluids |
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WO2013043311A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Dielectric fluids comprising polyol esters, methods for preparing mixtures of polyol esters, and electrical apparatuses comprising polyol ester dielectric fluids |
US20200279670A1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2020-09-03 | Arkema France | Dielectric fluid comprising fatty acid esters |
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SG11201811427YA (en) | 2019-01-30 |
WO2018002529A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
US11232884B2 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
MY194982A (en) | 2022-12-29 |
MX2018015444A (en) | 2019-08-29 |
HRP20221435T1 (en) | 2023-01-06 |
FR3053521B1 (en) | 2020-11-06 |
CN109564794A (en) | 2019-04-02 |
EP3479385B1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
EP3479385A1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
US20200279670A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
FR3053521A1 (en) | 2018-01-05 |
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