US20220324830A1 - CDK Inhibitors And Their Use As Pharmaceuticals - Google Patents

CDK Inhibitors And Their Use As Pharmaceuticals Download PDF

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US20220324830A1
US20220324830A1 US17/642,482 US202017642482A US2022324830A1 US 20220324830 A1 US20220324830 A1 US 20220324830A1 US 202017642482 A US202017642482 A US 202017642482A US 2022324830 A1 US2022324830 A1 US 2022324830A1
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alkyl
compound
pharmaceutically acceptable
cycloalkyl
solvate
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Liang Lu
Rupa Shetty
Andrew Paul Combs
Chaofeng Dai
Raul Andrew Leal
Klare Lazor Bersch
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Prelude Therapeutics Inc
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    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
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    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing alicyclic rings
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    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing alicyclic rings
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    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D498/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the disclosure is directed to CDK inhibitors and methods of their use.
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases a family of serine/threonine kinases whose activities are dependent on association and activation by cyclins, play critical roles in regulating cell cycle and gene transcription (Malumbres, M. (2014). “Cyclin-dependent kinases.” Genome Biol 15(6): 122.). While CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 are directly involved in promoting cell division, other members such as CDK7, CDK8 and CDK9 comprise a second subgroup that regulates transcription.
  • RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase II
  • PIC pre-initiation complex
  • RNA Pol II RNA polymerase II
  • NELF negative elongation factors
  • DSIF DRB sensitivity induced factors
  • CDK8 as a subunit of MC, facilitates PIC formation
  • CDK7 a component of transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)
  • TDD RNA Pol II C-terminal domain
  • CDK9 the catalytic subunit of p-TEFb, phosphorylates Serine-2 of CTD as well as NEFL, DSIF to release RNA Pol II from pausing, allowing it to elicit productive elongation
  • CDK9 plays pivotal roles in promoting gene expression. Consistently, inhibition of CDK9 triggers global down-regulation of gene expression (Olson, C. M., et al. (2016). “Pharmacological perturbation of CDK9 using selective CDK9 inhibition or degradation.” Nat Chem Biol 14(2): 163-170.), among which are short-lived transcripts, such as the oncogene, c-Myc, and Mcl-1, a member of pro-survival Bcl-2 family of proteins that promote cancer cell survival (Chen, R., et al. (2005).
  • CDK9 inhibitors have been developed and showed promising anti-cancer activities in preclinical models and have been advanced into the clinic (Boffo, S., et al. (2016). “CDK9 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia.” J Exp Clin Cancer Res 37(1): 36.).
  • CDK9 inhibition also reactivates epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes, adding another line of evidence that supports targeting CDK9 for cancer therapy (Zhang, H., et al., (2016). “Targeting CDK9 Reactivates Epigenetically Silenced Genes in Cancer.” Cell 175(5): 1244-1258.e1226).
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II),
  • R 1 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5.14 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl;
  • R 1 is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are each independently selected from H, D, halo, oxo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkoxy, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-4 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , OR a1 , SR a1 , NHOR a1 , C(O)R a1 , C(O)NR a1 R a1
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, or (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents;
  • R 4 and R 5 together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents;
  • R 8 and R 9 together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents;
  • each R a1 is independently selected from H, D, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl;
  • R a1 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R a1 is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R d substituents;
  • each R b substituent is independently selected from D, halo, oxo, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, OH, NH 2 , NO 2 , NHOR c , OR c , SR c , C(O)R c , C(O)NR c R c , C(O)OR c , OC(O)R c , OC(O)NR c R c , C( ⁇ NR c
  • R b is C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R b is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independently selected R d substituents;
  • each R c is independently selected from H, D, OH, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl;
  • R c is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R c is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents;
  • each R f is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, halo, CN, NHOR g , OR g , SR g , C(O)R g , C(O)NR g R g , C(O)OR g , OC(O)R g , OC(O)NR g R g , NHR g , NR g R g , NR g C(O)R g
  • R f is C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R f is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R n substituents;
  • each R n is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, halo, CN, R o , NHOR o , OR o , SR o , C(O)R o , C(O)NR o R o , C(O)OR o , OC(O)R o , OC(O)NR o R o , NHR o , NR o R o , NR o C(O)R o , NR o C(O)NR o R o , NR o C(O)OR o , NR o C(O)OR o , C( ⁇ NR o )NR o R o , NR o C( ⁇ NR o )NR o R o , NR o C( ⁇ NOH)NR o R o , NR o C( ⁇ NCN)NR o R o , SF 5
  • each R d is independently selected from D, oxo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, halo, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NH 2 , NHOR e , OR e , SR e , C(O)R e , C(O)NR e R e , C(O)OR e , OC(O)R e , OC(O)NR e R e , NHR e , NR e R e , NR e C(O)R e , NR e
  • R d is C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R d is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independently selected R f substituents;
  • each R e is independently selected from H, D, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl,
  • R e is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R e is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 independently selected R g substituents;
  • each R g is independently selected from H, D, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl,
  • R g is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R g is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 independently selected R P substituents;
  • each R P is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, halo, CN, NHOR r , OR r , SR r , C(O)R r , C(O)NR r R r , C(O)OR r , OC(O)R r , OC(O)NR r R r , NHR r , NR r R r , NR r C(O)R r ,
  • each R o or R is independently selected from H, D, C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and C 2-4 alkynyl,
  • R o or R is C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and C 2-4 alkynyl, then R o or R r is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 independently selected R q substituents;
  • each R q is independently selected from D, OH, CN, —COOH, NH 2 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 haloalkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, phenyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl, —CONHR 12 , —NHC(O)R 12 , —OC(O)R 12 , —C(O)OR 12 , —C(O)R 12 , —SO 2 R 12 , —NHSO 2 R 12 , —SO 2 NHR 12 and NR 12 R 12 ,
  • R q is C 1-6 alkyl, phenyl, 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, then R q is optionally substituted with OH, CN, —COOH, NH 2 , C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl or 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl;
  • each R 12 is independently C 1-6 alkyl.
  • each R b is independent to others.
  • compounds having a formula of solvate thereof has a formula of
  • R 2 is Me or OMe
  • R 3 is H, D, or F
  • R 4 is H or C 1-3 alkyl
  • R 5 is isopropyl, —CF 3 (CH)CH 3 , —C 3-6 cycloalkyl, or —CH 2 —(C 3-6 cycloalkyl);
  • R b is NHCOR 13 or CN
  • R 13 is H or optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl
  • R 2 is H, D, halogen, or Me
  • R 3 is H, D, or F
  • R 10 is H, D, Me, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R 11 is H, D, Me, or C 1-3 haloalkyl
  • R b is NHCOR 14 ;
  • R 14 is H, —CH 2 CN, or optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl.
  • methods of inhibiting a CDK enzyme comprising: contacting the CDK enzyme with an effective amount of a compound as provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.
  • methods of treating a disease or disorder associated with aberrant CDK activity in a subject or a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject, a compound as provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.
  • methods of treating cancer in a subject or a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject, a compound as provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same
  • composition comprising one or more compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a compound of the various formula provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, are provided.
  • Stereoisomers of the compounds of the various formula provided herein, and pharmaceutical salts and solvates thereof, are also contemplated, described, and encompassed herein. Methods of using compounds of the formula provided herein are described, as well as pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds of the formula provided herein.
  • compositions and methods that are described herein in the context of separate aspects may also be provided in combination in a single aspect.
  • substituents of compounds are disclosed in groups or in ranges. It is specifically intended that the embodiments include each and every individual subcombination of the members of such groups and ranges.
  • C 1-6 alkyl or “C 1 -C 6 alkyl” is specifically intended to individually disclose methyl, ethyl, C 3 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, and C 6 alkyl.
  • alkyl when used alone or as part of a substituent group, refers to a straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon group, a spirocyclic group, or a fused or bridged bicyclic group, each of which has from 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C 1 -C 12 ”), preferably 1 to 6 carbons atoms (“C 1 -C 6 ”), in the group.
  • alkyl groups include methyl (Me, C 1 alkyl), ethyl (Et, C 2 alkyl), n-propyl (C 3 alkyl), isopropyl (C 3 alkyl), butyl (C 4 alkyl), isobutyl (C 4 alkyl), sec-butyl (C 4 alkyl), tert-butyl (C 4 alkyl), pentyl (C 5 alkyl), isopentyl (C 5 alkyl), tert-pentyl (C 5 alkyl), hexyl (C 6 alkyl), isohexyl (C 6 alkyl), and the like.
  • spirocyclic group refers to spirocyclic compounds in which the two rings share only one single atom, the spiro atom, which is usually a quaternary carbon. Examples of spirocyclic compounds are spiro[2,3]undecane, spiro[3,3]heptane, and spiro[5,5]undecane.
  • fused bicyclic group refers to fused bicyclic compounds, in which two rings share two adjacent atoms. Examples of fused bicyclic compounds include bicyclo[4.4.0]decane, ⁇ -thujene and decalin and the like.
  • bridged bicyclic group refers to bridged bicyclic compounds, in which the two rings share three or more atoms, separating the two bridgehead atoms by a bridge containing at least one atom.
  • bridged bicyclic compounds include bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[1,1,1] pentane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo-[3.3.1]nonane, bicyclo[3.3.3]undecane, and the like.
  • haloalkyl when used alone or as part of a substituent group, refers to a straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C 1 -C 12 ”), preferably 1 to 6 carbons atoms (“C 1 -C 6 ”), in the group, wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the group have been replaced by a halogen atom.
  • haloalkyl groups include trifluoromethyl (—CF 3 , C 1 haloalkyl), trifluoroethyl (—CH 2 CF 3 , C 2 haloalkyl), and the like.
  • halo or halogen refers to chloro, fluoro, bromo, or iodo.
  • oxo refers to an oxygen atom (i.e., ⁇ O) as a divalent substituent, forming a carbonyl group when attached to a carbon (e.g. C ⁇ O), or attached to a nitrogen or sulfur heteroatom forming a nitroso, sulfinyl or sulfonyl.
  • cycloalkyl when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic, non-aromatic hydrocarbon groups having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms (“C 3 -C 10 ”), preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms (“C 3 -C 6 ”), or from 3 to 7 carbon atoms (“C 3 -C 7 ”).
  • cycloalkyl groups include, for example, cyclopropyl (C 3 ), cyclobutyl (C 4 ), cyclopropylmethyl (C 4 ), cyclopentyl (C 5 ), cyclohexyl (C 6 ), 1-methylcyclopropyl (C 4 ), 2-methylcyclopentyl (C 4 ), adamantanyl (C 10 ), and the like.
  • heterocycloalkyl when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to any three to fourteen membered monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic saturated ring structure containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. Heterocycloalkyl groups may be described with respect to the number of atoms in the group, or with respect to the number of carbon atoms in the group.
  • the term “bicyclic” ring structure refers to a spirocyclic, fused bicyclic, or bridged bicyclic ring.
  • the term “4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl” refers to a heterocycloalkyl group containing between 4 and 10 ring atoms.
  • —C 4 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl refers to a heterocycloalkyl group containing four to six carbon atoms.
  • the heterocycloalkyl group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring such that the result is a stable structure.
  • heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, azepanyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxolanyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dioxanyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, oxazepanyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, quinuclidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperazinyl, Decahydroquinoline, 2-azaspiro[5.5]undecane, 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, and the like.
  • aryl when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to a mono- or bicyclic-aromatic hydrocarbon ring structure having 6 or 10 carbon atoms in the ring system. Examples of aryl groups are phenyl and naphthyl.
  • heteroaryl when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to a mono-, bi-, or tricyclic-aromatic ring structure including carbon atoms as well as up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Heteroaryl rings can include a total of 5, 6, 9, 10, or 14 ring atoms. Heteroaryl groups may be described with respect to the number of atoms in the group, or with respect to the number of carbon atoms in the group. Thus, the term “5-14 membered heteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl group containing between 5 and 14 ring atoms.
  • —C 4 -C 6 heteroaryl refers to a heteroaryl group containing four to six carbon atoms.
  • heteroaryl groups include but are not limited to, pyrrolyl, furyl, thiophenyl (thienyl), oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyranyl, furazanyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, and the like.
  • C 1 -C 6 all ranges, as well as individual numbers of carbon atoms are encompassed.
  • C 1 -C 3 includes C 1 -C 3 , C 1 -C 2 , C 2 -C 3 , C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 .
  • the range of carbon atoms may be expressed with alternative expressions.
  • the term “C 1-6 ” is an alternative expression of “C 1 -C 6 ”.
  • a ring system is described herein as having a range of members, for example, “5-14-membered”, all ranges, as well as individual numbers of atoms are encompassed.
  • “5-14-membered” includes 5-6-membered, 5-10-membered, 6-9-membered, 5-membered, 6-membered, 7-membered, 8-membered, and the like.
  • alkoxy refers to an —O-alkyl group.
  • Example alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy (e.g., n-propoxy and isopropoxy), t-butoxy, and the like.
  • alkenyl when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to a straight- or branched-chain group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms (“C 2 -C 12 ”), preferably 2 to 6 carbons atoms (“C 2 -6”), in the group, wherein the group includes at least one carbon-carbon double bond of alkenyl groups include vinyl (—CH ⁇ CH 2 ; C 2 alkenyl), allyl (—CH 2 — CH ⁇ CH 2 ; C 3 alkenyl), propenyl (—CH ⁇ CHCH 3 ; C 3 alkenyl); isopropenyl (—C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 ; C 3 alkenyl), butenyl (—CH ⁇ CHCH 2 CH 3 ; C 4 alkenyl), sec-butenyl (—C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CHCH 3 ; C 4 alkenyl), iso-butenyl (—CH ⁇ C(CH 3 ) 2 ; C 4 alkenyl), 2-
  • alkynyl when used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to a straight- or branched-chain group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms (“C 2 -C 12 ”), preferably 2 to 6 carbons atoms (“C 2 -C 6 ”), in the group, wherein the group includes at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • alkynyl groups include ethynyl (—C ⁇ CH; C 2 alkynyl), propargyl (—CH 2 — CH ⁇ CH; C 3 alkynyl), and the like.
  • the compounds described herein can be asymmetric (e.g., having one or more stereocenters). All stereoisomers, such as enantiomers and diastereomers, are intended unless otherwise indicated.
  • Compounds provided herein that contain asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms can be isolated in optically active or racemic forms. Methods on how to prepare optically active forms from optically active starting materials are known in the art, such as by resolution of racemic mixtures or by stereoselective synthesis.
  • Geometric isomers of olefins, C ⁇ N double bonds, and the like can also be present in the compounds described herein, and all such stable isomers are contemplated in the present embodiments.
  • Geometric isomers of the compounds of the present embodiments are described and may be isolated as a mixture of isomers or as separated isomeric forms.
  • the compounds may exist as rotational isomers. In some embodiments, the compounds exist as mixtures of rotational isomers in any proportion. In other embodiments, the compounds exist as particular rotational isomers, substantially free of other rotational isomers.
  • Compounds can also include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the intermediates or final compounds.
  • Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
  • isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.
  • the compounds, and salts thereof are substantially isolated.
  • substantially isolated is meant that the compound is at least partially or substantially separated from the environment in which is formed or detected.
  • Partial separation can include, for example, a composition enriched in the compound.
  • Substantial separation can include compositions containing at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 97%, or at least about 99% by weight of the compound, or salt thereof.
  • Methods for isolating compounds and their salts are routine in the art.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts t include, but are not limited to, the conventional non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be synthesized from the parent compound, which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
  • such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17 th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 1418 and Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 2 (1977), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a substance that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, and otherwise biologically suitable for administration to a subject, such as an inert substance, added to a pharmacological composition or otherwise used as a vehicle, carrier, or diluent to facilitate administration of an agent and that is compatible therewith.
  • excipients include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars and types of starch, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, vegetable oils, and polyethylene glycols.
  • a “solvate” refers to a physical association of a compound provided herein with one or more solvent molecules.
  • Subject includes humans.
  • the terms “human,” “patient,” and “subject” are used interchangeably herein.
  • the phrase “in need thereof” means that the animal or mammal (subject) has been identified as having a need for the particular method or treatment. In some embodiments, the identification can be by any means of diagnosis. In any of the methods and treatments described herein, the animal or mammal can be in need thereof. In some embodiments, the animal or mammal is in an environment or will be traveling to an environment in which a particular disease, disorder, or condition is prevalent. In some embodiments, the subject in need thereof is suspected of having the condition that needs to be treated.
  • Treating” or “treatment” of any disease or disorder refers, in some embodiments, to ameliorating the disease or disorder (i.e., arresting or reducing the development of the disease or at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof). In another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” refers to ameliorating at least one physical parameter, which may not be discernible by the subject. In yet another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” refers to modulating the disease or disorder, either physically, (e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom), physiologically, (e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter), or both. In yet another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” refers to delaying the onset of the disease or disorder.
  • integer from X to Y means any integer that includes the endpoints.
  • integer from X to Y or “1-5” or “1 to 5” means 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 or any value therein if not modified by the term “integer.”
  • Compounds of the present disclosure are meant to embrace compounds of any formula or structural representation as described herein, as well as their subgenera, which expression includes the stereoisomers (e.g., enantiomers, diastereomers) and constitutional isomers (e.g., tautomers) of the various compounds and formula provided for herein as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, where the context so permits.
  • stereoisomers e.g., enantiomers, diastereomers
  • constitutional isomers e.g., tautomers
  • isotopic variant refers to a compound that contains proportions of isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such compound that is greater than natural abundance.
  • an “isotopic variant” of a compound can be radiolabeled, that is, contain one or more radioactive isotopes, or can be labeled with non-radioactive isotopes such as for example, deuterium ( 2 H or D), carbon-13 ( 13 C), nitrogen-15 ( 15 N), or the like.
  • any hydrogen may be 2 H/D
  • any carbon may be 13 C
  • any nitrogen may be 15 N, and that the presence and placement of such atoms may be determined within the skill of the art.
  • isomers compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “isomers.” Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers,” for example, diastereomers, enantiomers, and atropisomers.
  • the compounds of this disclosure may possess one or more asymmetric centers; such compounds can therefore be produced as individual (R)- or (S)-stereoisomers at each asymmetric center, or as mixtures thereof. Unless indicated otherwise, the description or naming of a particular compound in the specification and claims is intended to include all stereoisomers and mixtures, racemic or otherwise, thereof.
  • compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that compositions described herein also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that the processes described herein also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps. Further, it should be understood that the order of steps or order for performing certain actions are immaterial so long as the process remains operable. Moreover, two or more steps or actions can be conducted simultaneously.
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds of Formula (I).
  • the disclosure is directed to pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of compounds of Formula (I).
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds of Formula (II).
  • the disclosure is directed to pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of compounds of Formula (II).
  • X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 in the compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) are each independently N or CR 3 .
  • X 1 is N. In other embodiments, X 1 is CR 3 .
  • X 2 is N. In other embodiments, X 2 is CR 3 .
  • X 3 is N. In other embodiments, X 3 is CR 3 .
  • a 1 in the compounds of Formula (I) is N or C—R 4 .
  • a 1 is N.
  • a 1 is C—R 4 .
  • B 1 in the compounds of Formula (I) is C—R 6 R 7 , N—R 5 , O, or S.
  • B 1 is C—R 6 R 7 .
  • B 1 is N—R 5 .
  • B 1 is O.
  • B 1 is S.
  • a 2 in the compounds of Formula (II) is N—R 8 , S, or O.
  • a 2 is N—R 8 .
  • a 2 is S.
  • a 2 is O.
  • B 2 in the compounds of Formula (II) is C—R 9 or N.
  • B 2 is C—R 9 .
  • B 2 is N.
  • R 1 in the compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-14 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl; wherein R 1 is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl, for example, C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and the like, wherein R 1 is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is C 1-6 alkoxy, for example, C 6 alkoxy, C 5 alkoxy, C 4 alkoxy, C 3 alkoxy, C 2 alkoxy, C 1 alkoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, and the like, wherein R 1 is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is C 2-6 alkenyl, for example, C 6 alkenyl, C 5 alkenyl, C 4 alkenyl, C 3 alkenyl, C 2 alkenyl, ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, and the like, wherein R 1 is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is C 2-6 alkynyl, for example, C 6 alkynyl, C 5 alkynyl, C 4 alkynyl, C 3 alkynyl, C 2 alkynyl, ethynyl, 2-propynyl (i.e., propargyl), and the like, substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is C 6-10 aryl, for example, C 6 aryl, C 7 aryl, C 8 aryl, C 9 aryl, C 10 aryl, phenyl, naphthyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl, for example, C 10 cycloalkyl, C 9 cycloalkyl, C 8 cycloalkyl, C 7 cycloalkyl, C 6 cycloalkyl, C 5 cycloalkyl, C 4 cycloalkyl, C 3 cycloalkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is cyclopentyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is cyclohexyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is a 5-14 membered heteroaryl, for example, 5 membered heteroaryl, 6 membered heteroaryl, 7 membered heteroaryl, 8 membered heteroaryl, 9 membered heteroaryl, 10 membered heteroaryl, 11 membered heteroaryl, 12 membered heteroaryl, 13 membered heteroaryl, 14 membered heteroaryl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thiophenyl (thienyl), oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyranyl, furazanyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, for example, 10 membered heterocycloalkyl, 9 membered heterocycloalkyl, 8 membered heterocycloalkyl; 7 membered heterocycloalkyl, 6 membered heterocycloalkyl, 5 membered heterocycloalkyl, 4 membered heterocycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, for example, C 6-10 aryl-C 1 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 2 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 3 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 4 alkyl, C 6 aryl-C 1 alkyl, C 6 aryl-C 2 alkyl, C 6 aryl-C 3 alkyl, C 6 aryl-C 4 alkyl, C 10 aryl-C 1 alkyl, C 10 aryl-C 2 alkyl, C 10 aryl-C 3 alkyl, C 10 aryl-C 4 alkyl, —CH 2 -phenyl, —CH 2 CH 2 -phenyl, —CH 2 -naphthyl, —CH 2 CH 2 -naphthyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, for example, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 2 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 3 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl-C 1 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl-C 2 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl-C 3 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl-C 4 alkyl, C 5-6 cycloalkyl-C 1 alkyl, C 5-6 cycloalkyl-C 2 alkyl, C 5-6 cycloalkyl-C 3 alkyl, C 5-6 cycloalkyl-C 4 alkyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 1 is a (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, for example, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 1 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 2 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 3 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 4 alkyl, (5 membered heteroaryl)-C 1 alkyl, (5 membered heteroaryl)-C 2 alkyl, (5 membered heteroaryl)-C 3 alkyl, (5 membered heteroaryl)-C 4 alkyl, (6 membered heteroaryl)-C 1 alkyl, (6 membered heteroaryl)-C 2 alkyl, (6 membered heteroaryl)-C 3 alkyl, (6 membered heteroaryl)-C 4 alkyl, (9 membered heteroaryl)-C 1 alkyl, (9 membered heteroaryl)-C 2 alkyl, (9 membered heteroaryl)-C 3
  • R 1 is (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, for example, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 2 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 3 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 4 alkyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 in compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) are each independently selected from H, D, halo, oxo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkoxy, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , OR a1 , SR a1 , NHOR a1 , C(O)R
  • R 2 is not halo. In some embodiments, R 2 is optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is optionally substituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 5 is optionally C 1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is optionally substituted C 1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, the optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, the optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, or the optionally substituted C 1-3 alkyl is substituted with two R b substituents. In some embodiments, the optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, the optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, or the optionally substituted C 1-3 alkyl is substituted with one R b substituent. In some embodiments, R b is not a carbocycle, a heterocycle, or an aryl.
  • R 2 is H.
  • R 3 is H.
  • R 4 is H.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is D.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is halo, (i.e., F, Cl, Br, or I).
  • R 2 is halo. In some embodiments, R 2 is F. In other embodiments, R 2 is Cl.
  • R 3 is halo. In some embodiments, R 3 is F. In other embodiments, R 3 is Cl.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is oxo.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 1-6 alkyl, e.g., C 6 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 3 alkyl, C 2 alkyl, C 1 alkyl, -methyl, -ethyl, -isopropyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 is methyl
  • R 3 is methyl
  • R 4 is methyl
  • R 5 is methyl. In other embodiments, R 5 is isopropyl.
  • R 8 is methyl
  • R 9 is methyl. In other embodiments, R 9 is isopropyl.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 1-6 alkoxy, for example, C 6 alkoxy, C 5 alkoxy, C 4 alkoxy, C 3 alkoxy, C 2 alkoxy, C 1 alkoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 2-6 alkenyl, for example, C 6 alkenyl, C 5 alkenyl, C 4 alkenyl, C 3 alkenyl, C 2 alkenyl, -ethenyl, -propenyl, -isopropenyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 2-6 alkynyl, for example, C 6 alkynyl, C 5 alkynyl, C 4 alkynyl, C 3 alkynyl, C 2 alkynyl, -ethynyl, 2-propynyl (i.e., propargyl), and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 1-6 haloalkyl, e.g., C 6 haloalkyl, C 5 haloalkyl, C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 haloalkyl, C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 haloalkyl, halomethyl, haloethyl, haloisopropyl, and the like.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 1-6 haloalkoxy, for example, C 6 haloalkoxy, C 5 haloalkoxy, C 4 haloalkoxy, C 3 haloalkoxy, C 2 haloalkoxy, C 1 haloalkoxy, halomethoxy, haloethoxy, haloisopropxy, and the like.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 6-10 aryl, for example, C 6 aryl, C 7 aryl, C 8 aryl, C 9 aryl, C 10 aryl, phenyl, naphthyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl, for example, C 10 cycloalkyl, C 9 cycloalkyl, C 8 cycloalkyl, C 7 cycloalkyl, C 6 cycloalkyl, C 5 cycloalkyl, C 4 cycloalkyl, C 3 cycloalkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is 5-10 membered heteroaryl, for example, 5 membered heteroaryl, 6 membered heteroaryl, 7 membered heteroaryl, 8 membered heteroaryl, 9 membered heteroaryl, 10 membered heteroaryl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thiophenyl (thienyl), oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyranyl, furazanyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, for example, 10 membered heterocycloalkyl, 9 membered heterocycloalkyl, 8 membered heterocycloalkyl; 7 membered heterocycloalkyl, 6 membered heterocycloalkyl, 5 membered heterocycloalkyl, 4 membered heterocycloalkyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, for example, C 6-10 aryl-C 1 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 2 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 3 alkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 4 alkyl, C 6 aryl-C 1 alkyl, C 6 aryl-C 2 alkyl, C 6 aryl-C 3 alkyl, C 6 aryl-C 4 alkyl, C 10 aryl-C 1 alkyl, C 10 aryl-C 2 alkyl, C 10 aryl-C 3 alkyl, C 10 aryl-C 4 alkyl, —CH 2 -phenyl, —CH 2 CH 2 -phenyl, —CH 2 -naphthyl, —CH 2 CH 2 -naphthyl, and the like
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, for example, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 2 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 3 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl-C 1 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl-C 2 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl-C 3 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl-C 4 alkyl, C 5-6 cycloalkyl-C 1 alkyl, C 5-6 cycloalkyl-C 2 alkyl, C 5-6 cycloalkyl-C 3 alkyl, C 5-6 cycloalkyl-C 4 alkyl, and the like, optionally substituted
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, for example, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 1 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 2 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 3 alkyl, (5-14 membered heteroaryl)-C 4 alkyl, (5 membered heteroaryl)-C 1 alkyl, (5 membered heteroaryl)-C 2 alkyl, (5 membered heteroaryl)-C 3 alkyl, (5 membered heteroaryl)-C 4 alkyl, (6 membered heteroaryl)-C 1 alkyl, (6 membered heteroaryl)-C 2 alkyl, (6 membered heteroaryl)-C 3 alkyl, (6 membered heteroaryl)-C 4 alkyl, (9 membered heteroaryl)-C 1 alkyl, (9
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, for example, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 2 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 3 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 4 alkyl, and the like, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is CN.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is, NO 2 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is OR a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is SR a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NHOR a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C(O)R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C(O)NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C(O)OR a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is OC(O)R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is OC(O)NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NHR a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 C(O)R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 C(O)OR a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 C(O)NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C( ⁇ NR a1 )R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is C( ⁇ NR a1 )NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 C( ⁇ NR a1 )NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 C( ⁇ NOH)NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 C( ⁇ NCN)NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 S(O)R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 S(O) 2 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is NR a1 S(O) 2 NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is S(O)R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is S(O)NR a1 R a1 S(O) 2 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is SF 5 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is P(O)R a1 R a1 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is P(O)(OR a1 )(OR a1 ).
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is B(OR a1 ) 2 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 is S(O) 2 NR a1 R a1 .
  • R 4 and R 5 together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are both attached, form a C 3 -C 7 spirocyclic ring, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 8 and R 9 together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • each R a1 is independently selected from H, D, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl; wherein when R a1 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-
  • each R b substituent is independently selected from D, halo, oxo, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, OH, NH 2 , NO 2 , NHOR c , OR c , SR c , C(O)R c , C(O)NR c R c , C(O)OR c , OC(O)R c , OC(O)NR c R c , C(C(O)NR
  • R b is C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R b is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independently selected R d substituents.
  • R b is NR c C( ⁇ NR c )NR c R c , NR c C( ⁇ NOH)NR c R c , NR c C( ⁇ NCN)NR c R c , NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)OR c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , NR c S(O)R c , or NR c S(O) 2 R c , NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c .
  • R b is NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , or NR c S(O) 2 R c .
  • each R c is independently selected from H, D, OH, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl;
  • R c is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R c is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents.
  • each R f is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, halo, CN, NHOR g , OR g , SR g , C(O)R g , C(O)NR g R g , C(O)OR g , OC(O)R g , OC(O)NR g R g , NHR g , NR g R g , NR g C(
  • R f is C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R f is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R n substituents.
  • each R n is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, halo, CN, R o , NHOR o , OR o , SR o , C(O)R o , C(O)NR o R o , C(O)OR o , OC(O)R o , OC(O)NR o R o , NHR o , NR o R o , NR o C(O)R o , NR o C(O)NR o R o , NR o C(O)OR o , C( ⁇ NR o )NR o R o , NR o C( ⁇ NR o )NR o R o , NR o C( ⁇ NOH)NR o R o , NR o C( ⁇ NCN)NR o R o , SF 5 , P(O)R o ,
  • each R d is independently selected from D, oxo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, halo, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NH 2 , NHOR e , OR e , SR e , C(O)R e , C(O)NR e R e , C(O)OR e , OC(O)R e , OC(O)NR e R e , NHR e , NR e R e , NR e C(O)R e
  • R d is C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R d is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independently selected R f substituents.
  • each R e is independently selected from H, D, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl,
  • R e is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R e is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 independently selected R g substituents.
  • each R g is independently selected from H, D, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl,
  • R g is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, then R g is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 independently selected R P substituents.
  • each R P is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl, halo, CN, NHOR r , OR r , SR r , C(O)R r , C(O)NR r R r , C(O)OR r , OC(O)R r , OC(O)NR r R r , NHR r , NR r R r , NRC(O)R
  • each R o or R r is independently selected from H, D, C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and C 2-4 alkynyl,
  • R o or R r is C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and C 2-4 alkynyl, then R o or R r is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 independently selected R q substituents.
  • each R q is independently selected from D, OH, CN, —COOH, NH 2 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 haloalkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, phenyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl, —CONHR 12 , —NHC(O)R 12 , —OC(O)R 12 , —C(O)OR 12 , —C(O)R 12 , —SO 2 R 12 , —NHSO 2 R 12 , —SO 2 NHR 12 and NR 12 R 12 ,
  • R q is C 1-6 alkyl, phenyl, 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, then R q is optionally substituted with OH, CN, —COOH, NH 2 , C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl or 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • each R 12 is independently C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (I) or Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein
  • X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 are each independently N or CR 3 ;
  • a 1 is N or C—R 4 ;
  • B 1 is C—R 6 R 7 , N—R 5 ;
  • a 2 is N—R 8 , S, or O;
  • B 2 is C—R 9 ;
  • R 1 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl or 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents;
  • R 2 is H, D, OH, halogen, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl or 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl;
  • R 3 is H, D, OH, halogen, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl, or 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl;
  • R 4 is H, D, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl;
  • R 5 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl;
  • R 6 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl;
  • R 7 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl;
  • R 8 is C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 9 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocycloalkyl;
  • R b is 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl, NR c C( ⁇ NR c )NR c R c , NR c C( ⁇ NOH)NR c R c , NR c C( ⁇ NCN)NR c R c , NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)OR c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , NR c S(O)R c , NR c S(O)( ⁇ NR c )R c , NR c S(O) 2 R c , or NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c ;
  • each R c is independently H, OH, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, or (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl; optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents;
  • each R f is independently halogen, CN, or OR g ;
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (I) or Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein
  • the compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof are those wherein
  • the compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof are those wherein
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • R 1 in the compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) is
  • R 1 is
  • the compound has a formula of
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 8 , R 9 , X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 are as defined herein and throughout.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X 1 is N, X 2 is CR 3 , and X 3 is CR 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X 1 is CR 3 , X 2 is N, and X 3 is CR 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X 1 is CR 3 , X 2 is CR 3 , and X 3 is N.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X 1 is CR 3 , X 2 is CR 3 , and X 3 is CR 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X 1 is N, X 2 is CR 3 , and X 3 is CR 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X 1 is CR 3 , X 2 is N, and X 3 is CR 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X 1 is CR 3 , X 2 is CR 3 , and X 3 is N.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein X 1 is CR 3 , X 2 is CR 3 , and X 3 is CR 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is H, OH, halogen, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl, or 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is halogen or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is chloro or fluoro.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 4 is H or C 1-6 alkyl; R 5 is C 1-6 alkyl; or R 4 and R 5 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form an 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents,
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 4 is H.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 4 is C 1-6 alkyl, such as, but not limited to, CH 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 5 is C 1-6 alkyl, such as, but not limited to, CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 4 and R 5 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form an a 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 4 and R 5 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R b substituents.
  • the 1 or 2 R b substituents are C 1-4 alkyl, such as, but not limited to, CH 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is H, OH, halogen, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl, or 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is halogen or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is chloro or fluoro.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents;
  • each R b is, independently, C 1-4 alkyl, NR c C( ⁇ NR c )NR c R c , NR c C( ⁇ NOH)NR c R c , NR c C( ⁇ NCN)NR c R c , NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)OR c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , NR c S(O)R c , or NR c S(O) 2 R c , NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c ;
  • each R c is independently H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, or (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl; optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents;
  • each R f is independently halogen, CN or OR g ;
  • each R g is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 1-10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 5-6 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is cyclopentanyl or cyclohexanyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • R b substituent on R 1 is NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , or NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c .
  • the R c in NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , or NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c is independently H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, or (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl; optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents.
  • the R f substituents are independently halogen, CN or OR g .
  • the R g is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the 1 R b substituent on R 1 is acetamido (—NHC(O)CH 3 ), 3-hydroxybutanamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 ), propionamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methoxyacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —OCH 3 ), 2-cyanoacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —CN), 1-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxamido,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 8 is C 1-6 alkyl; and R 9 is C 1-6 alkyl; or R 8 and R 9 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form an 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents; wherein:
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 8 is C 1-6 alkyl, preferably CH 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 9 is C 1-6 alkyl, preferably CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 8 and R 9 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 8 and R 9 together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R b substituents.
  • the 1 or 2 R b substituents are C 1-4 alkyl, preferably CH 3 .
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is H, OH, halogen, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl, or 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is halogen or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is chloro or fluoro.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents;
  • each R b is, independently, C 1-4 alkyl, NR c C( ⁇ NR c )NR c R c , NR c C( ⁇ NOH)NR c R c , NR c C( ⁇ NCN)NR c R c , NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)OR c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , NR c S(O)R c , or NR c S(O) 2 R c , NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c ;
  • each R c is independently H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, or (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl; optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents;
  • each R f is independently halogen, CN or OR g ;
  • each R g is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 3-7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 5-6 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1 is cyclopentanyl or cyclohexanyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the 1 R b substituent on R 1 is NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , or NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c .
  • the R c in NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , or NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c is independently H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, or (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl; optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents.
  • the R f substituents are independently halogen, CN or OR g .
  • the R g is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R b substituent on R 1 is acetamido (—NHC(O)CH 3 ), 3-hydroxybutanamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 ), propionamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methoxyacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —OCH 3 ), 2-cyanoacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —CN), 1-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxamido,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein each R 3 is, independently, H, OH, halogen, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl, or 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein each R 3 is, independently, H or halogen, such as, but not limited to, Cl or F.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein only one of the R 3 is OH, halogen, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl, or 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl and the remainder are H.
  • the compound has the formula of Formula (III) or Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein one of the R 3 is halogen, preferably C 1 or F, and the remainder are H.
  • R 1 is the stereoisomers provided herein and above, such as in paragraph 00160.
  • the compound has a formula of
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is H, OH, halogen, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl, or 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is halogen or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 2 is chloro or fluoro.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 independently selected R b substituents, wherein:
  • each R c is independently H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, or (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl; optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents;
  • each R g is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 1-10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 3-7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is C 5-6 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is cyclopentanyl or cyclohexanyl optionally substituted with 1 R b substituent.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the 1 R b substituent on R 1 is NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , or NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c .
  • the R c in NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , or NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c is independently H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, or (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl; optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents.
  • the R f substituents are independently halogen, CN or OR g .
  • the R g is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R b substituent on R 1 is acetamido (—NHC(O)CH 3 ), 3-hydroxybutanamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 ), propionamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methoxyacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —OCH 3 ), 2-cyanoacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —CN), 1-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxamido,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • the compound has a formula of
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (V), Formula (VI), Formula (VII), or Formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein A 1 is C—R 4 .
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (V), Formula (VI), Formula (VII), or Formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein B 1 is C—R 6 R 7 .
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (V), Formula (VI), Formula (VII), or Formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein B 1 is N—R 5 .
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (V), Formula (VI), Formula (VII), or Formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein B 1 is O.
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (V), Formula (VI), Formula (VII), or Formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein B 1 is S.
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (V), Formula (VI), Formula (VII), or Formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 4 is H.
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (V), Formula (VI), Formula (VII), or Formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof wherein R 4 is C 1-6 alkyl, preferably CH 3 .
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (V), Formula (VI), Formula (VII), or Formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 5 is C 1-6 alkyl, preferably CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (V), Formula (VI), Formula (VII), or Formula (XI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 4 and R 5 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • R 4 and R 5 together with the atoms to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R b substituents.
  • the 1 or 2 R b substituents are C 4 alkyl, preferably CH 3 .
  • R 6 is C 1-6 alkyl, preferably CH 3 ; and R 7 is C 1-6 alkyl, preferably CH 3 .
  • R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are both attached form a C 4 -C 7 spirocyclic ring.
  • the C 4 -C 7 spirocyclic ring is a spirocyclopentane ring.
  • the compound has a formula of
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (VIII), Formula (IX), Formula (X), or Formula (XII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein A 2 is S.
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (VIII), Formula (IX), Formula (X), or Formula (XII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein A 2 is O.
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (VIII), Formula (IX), Formula (X), or Formula (XII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein B 2 is C—R 9 .
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (VIII), Formula (IX), Formula (X), or Formula (XII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein B 2 is N.
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (VIII), Formula (IX), Formula (X), or Formula (XII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 8 is C 1-6 alkyl, preferably CH 3 .
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (VIII), Formula (IX), Formula (X), or Formula (XII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 9 is C 1-6 alkyl, preferably CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (VIII), Formula (IX), Formula (X), or Formula (XII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 8 and R 9 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 independently selected R b substituents.
  • the compound has a formula of Formula (VIII), Formula (IX), Formula (X), or Formula (XII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 8 and R 9 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5-membered heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with 1 or 2 R b substituents.
  • the 1 or 2 R b substituents are C 1-4 alkyl, preferably CH 3 .
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 3 is H, OH, halogen, CN, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxyl, or 4-14 membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (V)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 3 is, H or halogen, preferably Cl or F.
  • the compound has a formula of any one of Formula (I)-(XII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R 1 is
  • R b substituent on R 1 is NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , or NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c .
  • R c in NR c C(O)R c , NR c C(O)NR c R c , or NR c S(O) 2 NR c R c is independently H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, or (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl; optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 independently selected R f substituents.
  • R f substituents are independently halogen, CN or OR g .
  • R g is independently, H or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R b substituent on R 1 is acetamido (—NHC(O)CH 3 ), 3-hydroxybutanamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 ), propionamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methoxyacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —OCH 3 ), 2-cyanoacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —CN), 1-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxamido,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds of Formula (I-A):
  • the compounds of Formula (I-A) are those wherein
  • the compounds of Formula (I-A) are those wherein R 1 is C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl substituted with acetamido (—NHC(O)CH 3 ), 3-hydroxybutanamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 ), propionamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methoxyacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —OCH 3 ), 2-cyanoacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —CN), 1-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxamido,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • R 2 is H, Cl, or Cl 3 ;
  • R 3 is F;
  • R 4 is H; and
  • R 5 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
  • the compounds of Formula (I-A) are those wherein R 1 is C 5 -C 6 cycloalkyl substituted with acetamido (—NHC(O)CH 3 ), 3-hydroxybutanamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 ), propionamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methoxyacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —OCH 3 ), 2-cyanoacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —CN), 1-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxamido,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • R 2 is H, Cl, or Cl 3 ; R 3 is F; R 4 is H; and R 5 is isopropyl.
  • the compounds of Formula (I-A) are those wherein R 1 is C 5 -C 6 cycloalkyl substituted with acetamido (—NHC(O)CH 3 ), 3-hydroxybutanamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 ), propionamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methoxyacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —OCH 3 ), 2-cyanoacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —CN), 1-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxamido,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • R 2 is H, Cl, or Cl 3 ;
  • R 3 is F; and
  • R 4 and R 5 together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 5-membered heterocycloalkyl ring substituted with one or two methyl groups.
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds of Formula (XIII):
  • the compounds of Formula (XIII) are those wherein R 1 is C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl substituted with 1 R b substituent;
  • the compounds of Formula (XIII) are those wherein R 1 is C 5 -C 6 cycloalkyl substituted with acetamido (—NHC(O)CH 3 ), 3-hydroxybutanamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 ), propionamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-methoxyacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —OCH 3 ), 2-cyanoacetamido (—NHC(O)CH 2 —CN), 1-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxamido,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • R 2 is H, Cl, or Cl 3 ; and R 3 is F.
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds Formula (II-A):
  • the compounds of Formula (II-A) are those wherein R 1 is C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl substituted with 1 R b substituent;
  • the compounds of Formula (II-A) are those wherein
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • the compounds of Formula (II-A) are those wherein
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds having a formula of
  • each R b is independent to others.
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds having a formula of
  • R 2 is not halo.
  • R 2 is optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R 2 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl.
  • R 2 is optionally substituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 2 is optionally substituted C 1-3 alkoxyl.
  • R 5 is optionally C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R 5 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl.
  • R 5 is optionally substituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • the optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, the optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, or the optionally substituted C 1-3 alkyl is substituted with two R b substituents. In some embodiments, the optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, the optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, or the optionally substituted C 1-3 alkyl is substituted with one R b substituent. In some embodiments, R b is not a carbocycle, a heterocycle, or an aryl. In some embodiments, R 2 is Me or OMe. In some embodiments, R 3 is H, D, or F. In some embodiments, R 4 is H or C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 5 is isopropyl, —CF 3 (CH)CH 3 , —C 3-6 cycloalkyl, or —CH 2 —(C 3-6 cycloalkyl).
  • R b is NHCOR 13 or CN.
  • R 13 is H or optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl- or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl.
  • the disclosure is directed to compounds having a formula of
  • R 2 is H, D, halogen, or Me.
  • R 3 is H, D, or F.
  • R 10 is H, D, Me, or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • R 11 is H, D, Me, or C 1-3 haloalkyl.
  • R b is NHCOR 14 .
  • R 14 is H, —CH 2 CN, or optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, C 2 -6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C 1-4 alkyl or (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C 1-4 alkyl.
  • the disclosure is directed to the compound having a
  • the compound has a formula of
  • the disclosure is directed to the compound selected from the group consisting of:
  • compositions are typically formulated to provide a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure as the active ingredient, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug, solvate, hydrate or derivative thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions contain pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or coordination complex thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers, including inert solid diluents and fillers, diluents, including sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents, permeation enhancers, solubilizers and adjuvants.
  • compositions can be administered alone or in combination with one or more other agents, which are also typically administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the one or more compounds and other agent(s) may be mixed into a preparation or both components may be formulated into separate preparations to use them in combination separately or at the same time.
  • the concentration of one or more compounds provided in the pharmaceutical compositions is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.07%, 0.06%, 0.05%, 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.009%, 0.008%, 0.007%, 0.006%, 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, 0.002%, 0.001%, 0.0009%, 0.0008%, 0.0007%, 0.0006%, 0.0005%, 0.0004%, 0.0003%, 0.0002%, or 0.0001% (or a number in the range defined by and including any two numbers above) w/w, w/
  • the concentration of one or more compounds is greater than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 19.75%, 19.50%, 19.25%, 19%, 18.75%, 18.50%, 18.25% 18%, 17.75%, 17.50%, 17.25% 17%, 16.75%, 16.50%, 16.25%, 16%, 15.75%, 15.50%, 15.25% 15%, 14.75%, 14.50%, 14.25% 14%, 13.75%, 13.50%, 13.25%, 13%, 12.75%, 12.50%, 12.25%, 12%, 11.75%, 11.50%, 11.25% 11%, 10.75%, 10.50%, 10.25% 10%, 9.75%, 9.50%, 9.25%, 9%, 8.75%, 8.50%, 8.25% 8%, 7.75%, 7.50%, 7.25%, 7%, 6.75%, 6.50%, 6.25%, 6%, 5.75%, 5.50%, 5.25%, 5%, 4.75%, 4.50%
  • the concentration of one or more compounds is in the range from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 50%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 40%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 30%, approximately 0.02% to approximately 29%, approximately 0.03% to approximately 28%, approximately 0.04% to approximately 27%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 26%, approximately 0.06% to approximately 25%, approximately 0.07% to approximately 24%, approximately 0.08% to approximately 23%, approximately 0.09% to approximately 22%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 21%, approximately 0.2% to approximately 20%, approximately 0.3% to approximately 19%, approximately 0.4% to approximately 18%, approximately 0.5% to approximately 17%, approximately 0.6% to approximately 16%, approximately 0.7% to approximately 15%, approximately 0.8% to approximately 14%, approximately 0.9% to approximately 12%, approximately 1% to approximately 10% w/w, w/v or v/v.
  • the concentration of one or more compounds is in the range from approximately 0.001% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.02% to approximately 4.5%, approximately 0.03% to approximately 4%, approximately 0.04% to approximately 3.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 3%, approximately 0.06% to approximately 2.5%, approximately 0.07% to approximately 2%, approximately 0.08% to approximately 1.5%, approximately 0.09% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.9% w/w, w/v or v/v.
  • the amount of one or more compounds is equal to or less than 10 g, 9.5 g, 9.0 g, 8.5 g, 8.0 g, 7.5 g, 7.0 g, 6.5 g, 6.0 g, 5.5 g, 5.0 g, 4.5 g, 4.0 g, 3.5 g, 3.0 g, 2.5 g, 2.0 g, 1.5 g, 1.0 g, 0.95 g, 0.9 g, 0.85 g, 0.8 g, 0.75 g, 0.7 g, 0.65 g, 0.6 g, 0.55 g, 0.5 g, 0.45 g, 0.4 g, 0.35 g, 0.3 g, 0.25 g, 0.2 g, 0.15 g, 0.1 g, 0.09 g, 0.08 g, 0.07 g, 0.06 g, 0.05 g, 0.04 g, 0.03 g, 0.02 g, 0.01 g, 0.009 g, 0.008 g
  • the amount of one or more compounds is more than 0.0001 g, 0.0002 g, 0.0003 g, 0.0004 g, 0.0005 g, 0.0006 g, 0.0007 g, 0.0008 g, 0.0009 g, 0.001 g, 0.0015 g, 0.002 g, 0.0025 g, 0.003 g, 0.0035 g, 0.004 g, 0.0045 g, 0.005 g, 0.0055 g, 0.006 g, 0.0065 g, 0.007 g, 0.0075 g, 0.008 g, 0.0085 g, 0.009 g, 0.0095 g, 0.01 g, 0.015 g, 0.02 g, 0.025 g, 0.03 g, 0.035 g, 0.04 g, 0.045 g, 0.05 g, 0.055 g, 0.06 g, 0.065 g, 0.07 g, 0.075 g, 0.
  • the amount of one or more compounds is in the range of 0.0001-10 g, 0.0005-9 g, 0.001-8 g, 0.005-7 g, 0.01-6 g, 0.05-5 g, 0.1-4 g, 0.5-4 g, or 1-3 g.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the R enantiomer is free or substantially free of the S enantiomer.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the S enantiomer is free or substantially free of the R enantiomer.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprises an enantiomeric excess of at least, or about, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99% of a specific enantiomer of a compound provided herein, such as the R or the S enantiomer.
  • the enantiomeric excess is at least, or about 90%.
  • the enantiomeric excess is at least, or about 95%.
  • the enantiomeric excess is at least, or about 98%.
  • the enantiomeric excess is at least, or about 99%.
  • the compounds can be effective over a wide dosage range. For example, in the treatment of adult humans, dosages from 0.01 to 1000 mg, from 0.5 to 100 mg, from 1 to 50 mg per day, and from 5 to 40 mg per day are examples of dosages that may be used. An exemplary dosage is 10 to 30 mg per day. The exact dosage will depend upon the route of administration, the form in which the compound is administered, the subject to be treated, the body weight of the subject to be treated, and the preference and experience of the attending physician.
  • a pharmaceutical composition can contain an active ingredient (i.e., a compound of the disclosure) provided for herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or coordination complex thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers, including but not limited to inert solid diluents and fillers, diluents, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents, permeation enhancers, solubilizers and adjuvants.
  • compositions and methods for preparing the same are non-limiting exemplary pharmaceutical compositions and methods for preparing the same.
  • compositions for Oral Administration are provided.
  • compositions for oral administration contain a compound provided herein, and a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for oral administration.
  • embodiments provide a solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration containing: (i) an amount (e.g., effective amount) of a compound; optionally (ii) an amount of a second agent; and (iii) a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for oral administration.
  • the composition further contains: (iv) an amount of a third agent.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be a liquid pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral consumption.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for oral administration can be presented as discrete dosage forms, such as capsules, cachets, or tablets, or liquids or aerosol sprays each containing a predetermined amount of an active ingredient as a powder or in granules, a solution, or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, an oil-in-water emulsion, or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • Such dosage forms can be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy, but all methods include the step of bringing the active ingredient into association with the carrier, which constitutes one or more necessary ingredients.
  • compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired presentation.
  • a tablet can be prepared by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
  • Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with an excipient such as, but not limited to, a binder, a lubricant, an inert diluent, and/or a surface active or dispersing agent.
  • Molded tablets can be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • Embodiments provided for herein further encompass anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprising an active ingredient, since water can facilitate the degradation of some compounds.
  • water may be added (e.g., 5%) in the pharmaceutical arts as a means of simulating long-term storage in order to determine characteristics such as shelf-life or the stability of formulations over time.
  • Anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms can be prepared using anhydrous or low moisture containing ingredients and low moisture or low humidity conditions. Pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms that contain lactose can be made anhydrous if substantial contact with moisture and/or humidity during manufacturing, packaging, and/or storage is expected. An anhydrous pharmaceutical composition may be prepared and stored such that its anhydrous nature is maintained.
  • anhydrous compositions may be packaged using materials known to prevent exposure to water such that they can be included in suitable formulary kits.
  • suitable packaging include, but are not limited to, hermetically sealed foils, plastic or the like, unit dose containers, blister packs, and strip packs.
  • An active ingredient can be combined in an intimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques.
  • the carrier can take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
  • any of the usual pharmaceutical media can be employed as carriers, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents, and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations (such as suspensions, solutions, and elixirs) or aerosols; or carriers such as starches, sugars, micro-crystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, and disintegrating agents can be used in the case of oral solid preparations, in some embodiments without employing the use of lactose.
  • suitable carriers include powders, capsules, and tablets, with the solid oral preparations. If desired, tablets can be coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques.
  • Binders suitable for use in pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms include, but are not limited to, corn starch, potato starch, or other starches, gelatin, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, alginic acid, other alginates, powdered tragacanth, guar gum, cellulose and its derivatives (e.g., ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, pre-gelatinized starch, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
  • natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, alginic acid, other alginates, powdered tragacanth, guar gum, cellulose and its derivatives (e.g., ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), polyvinyl pyrrol
  • suitable fillers for use in the pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, talc, calcium carbonate (e.g., granules or powder), microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, dextrose, kaolin, mannitol, silicic acid, sorbitol, starch, pre-gelatinized starch, and mixtures thereof.
  • Disintegrants may be used in the compositions provided for herein to provide tablets that disintegrate when exposed to an aqueous environment. Too much of a disintegrant may produce tablets, which may disintegrate in the bottle. Too little may be insufficient for disintegration to occur and may thus alter the rate and extent of release of the active ingredient(s) from the dosage form. Thus, a sufficient amount of disintegrant that is neither too little nor too much to detrimentally alter the release of the active ingredient(s) may be used to form the dosage forms of the compounds disclosed herein. The amount of disintegrant used may vary based upon the type of formulation and mode of administration, and may be readily discernible to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • Disintegrants that can be used to form pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms include, but are not limited to, agar-agar, alginic acid, calcium carbonate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, polacrilin potassium, sodium starch glycolate, potato or tapioca starch, other starches, pre-gelatinized starch, other starches, clays, other algins, other celluloses, gums or mixtures thereof.
  • Lubricants which can be used to form pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms include, but are not limited to, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, light mineral oil, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, other glycols, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, hydrogenated vegetable oil (e.g., peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil, and soybean oil), zinc stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl laureate, agar, or mixtures thereof.
  • Additional lubricants include, for example, a syloid silica gel, a coagulated aerosol of synthetic silica, or mixtures thereof.
  • a lubricant can optionally be added, in an amount of less than about 1 weight percent of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the active ingredient therein may be combined with various sweetening or flavoring agents, coloring matter or dyes and, if so desired, emulsifying and/or suspending agents, together with such diluents as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin and various combinations thereof.
  • the tablets can be uncoated or coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
  • a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate can be employed.
  • Formulations for oral use can also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
  • Surfactants that can be used to form pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic surfactants, lipophilic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. That is, a mixture of hydrophilic surfactants may be employed, a mixture of lipophilic surfactants may be employed, or a mixture of at least one hydrophilic surfactant and at least one lipophilic surfactant may be employed.
  • a suitable hydrophilic surfactant may generally have an HLB value of at least 10, while suitable lipophilic surfactants may generally have an HLB value of or less than about 10.
  • An empirical parameter used to characterize the relative hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of non-ionic amphiphilic compounds is the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (“HLB” value).
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • Surfactants with lower HLB values are more lipophilic or hydrophobic and have greater solubility in oils, while surfactants with higher HLB values are more hydrophilic and have greater solubility in aqueous solutions.
  • Hydrophilic surfactants are generally considered to be those compounds having an HLB value greater than about 10, as well as anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic compounds for which the HLB scale is not generally applicable.
  • lipophilic (i.e., hydrophobic) surfactants are compounds having an HLB value equal to or less than about 10.
  • HLB value of a surfactant is merely a rough guide generally used to enable formulation of industrial, pharmaceutical and cosmetic emulsions.
  • Hydrophilic surfactants may be either ionic or non-ionic. Suitable ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkylammonium salts; fusidic acid salts; fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, oligopeptides, and polypeptides; glyceride derivatives of amino acids, oligopeptides, and polypeptides; lecithins and hydrogenated lecithins; lysolecithins and hydrogenated lysolecithins; phospholipids and derivatives thereof; lysophospholipids and derivatives thereof; carnitine fatty acid ester salts; salts of alkylsulfates; fatty acid salts; sodium docusate; acyl lactylates; mono- and diacetylated tartaric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides; succinylated mono- and di-glycerides; citric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides; and mixtures
  • ionic surfactants include, by way of example: lecithins, lysolecithin, phospholipids, lysophospholipids and derivatives thereof; carnitine fatty acid ester salts; salts of alkylsulfates; fatty acid salts; sodium docusate; acylactylates; mono- and di-acetylated tartaric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides; succinylated mono- and di-glycerides; citric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides; and mixtures thereof.
  • Ionic surfactants may be the ionized forms of lecithin, lysolecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylserine, PEG-phosphatidylethanolamine, PVP-phosphatidylethanolamine, lactylic esters of fatty acids, stearoyl-2-lactylate, stearoyl lactylate, succinylated monoglycerides, mono/diacetylated tartaric acid esters of mono/diglycerides, citric acid esters of mono/diglycerides, cholylsarcosine, caproate, caprylate, caprate,
  • Hydrophilic non-ionic surfactants may include, but are not limited to, alkylglucosides; alkylmaltosides; alkylthioglucosides; lauryl macrogolglycerides; polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers such as polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers; polyoxyalkylene alkylphenols such as polyethylene glycol alkyl phenols; polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenol fatty acid esters such as polyethylene glycol fatty acids monoesters and polyethylene glycol fatty acids diesters; polyethylene glycol glycerol fatty acid esters; polyglycerol fatty acid esters; polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid esters such as polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters; hydrophilic transesterification products of a polyol with at least one member of the group consisting of glycerides, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, fatty acids, and sterols; polyoxyethylene sterols,
  • hydrophilic-non-ionic surfactants include, without limitation, PEG-10 laurate, PEG-12 laurate, PEG-20 laurate, PEG-32 laurate, PEG-32 dilaurate, PEG-12 oleate, PEG-15 oleate, PEG-20 oleate, PEG-20 dioleate, PEG-32 oleate, PEG-200 oleate, PEG-400 oleate, PEG-15 stearate, PEG-32 distearate, PEG-40 stearate, PEG-100 stearate, PEG-20 dilaurate, PEG-25 glyceryl trioleate, PEG-32 dioleate, PEG-20 glyceryl laurate, PEG-30 glyceryl laurate, PEG-20 glyceryl stearate, PEG-20 glyceryl oleate, PEG-30 glyceryl oleate, PEG-30 glyceryl oleate
  • Suitable lipophilic surfactants include, by way of example only: fatty alcohols; glycerol fatty acid esters; acetylated glycerol fatty acid esters; lower alcohol fatty acids esters; propylene glycol fatty acid esters; sorbitan fatty acid esters; polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters; sterols and sterol derivatives; polyoxyethylated sterols and sterol derivatives; polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers; sugar esters; sugar ethers; lactic acid derivatives of mono- and di-glycerides; hydrophobic transesterification products of a polyol with at least one member of the group consisting of glycerides, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, fatty acids and sterols; oil-soluble vitamins/vitamin derivatives; and mixtures thereof.
  • preferred lipophilic surfactants include glycerol fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, and mixtures thereof, or are hydrophobic transesterification products of a polyol with at least one member of the group consisting of vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, and triglycerides.
  • the composition may include a solubilizer to ensure good solubilization and/or dissolution of the compound(s) and to minimize precipitation of the compound(s).
  • a solubilizer to ensure good solubilization and/or dissolution of the compound(s) and to minimize precipitation of the compound(s).
  • a solubilizer may also be added to increase the solubility of the hydrophilic drug and/or other components, such as surfactants, or to maintain the composition as a stable or homogeneous solution or dispersion.
  • solubilizers include, but are not limited to, the following: alcohols and polyols, such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediols and isomers thereof, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, transcutol, dimethyl isosorbide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinylalcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives, cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives; ethers of polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 6000, such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol PEG ether (glycofurol) or methoxy PEG; amides and other nitrogen-containing compounds such as 2-pyrrolidone, 2-piperidone, F-caprolactam,
  • solubilizers may also be used. Examples include, but not limited to, triacetin, triethylcitrate, ethyl oleate, ethyl caprylate, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-hydroxyethylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins, ethanol, polyethylene glycol 200-100, glycofurol, transcutol, propylene glycol, and dimethyl isosorbide.
  • Particularly preferred solubilizers include sorbitol, glycerol, triacetin, ethyl alcohol, PEG-400, glycofurol and propylene glycol.
  • the amount of solubilizer that can be included is not particularly limited.
  • the amount of a given solubilizer may be limited to a bioacceptable amount, which may be readily determined by one of skill in the art.
  • the solubilizer can be in a weight ratio of 10%, 25% o, 50%), 100% o, or up to about 200%> by weight, based on the combined weight of the drug, and other excipients.
  • solubilizer may also be used, such as 5%>, 2%>, 1%) or even less.
  • the solubilizer may be present in an amount of about 1%> to about 100%, more typically about 5%> to about 25%> by weight.
  • the composition can further include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additives and excipients.
  • additives and excipients include, without limitation, detackifiers, anti-foaming agents, buffering agents, polymers, antioxidants, preservatives, chelating agents, viscomodulators, tonicifiers, flavorants, colorants, odorants, opacifiers, suspending agents, binders, fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, and mixtures thereof.
  • an acid or a base may be incorporated into the composition to facilitate processing, to enhance stability, or for other reasons.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable bases include amino acids, amino acid esters, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium aluminum silicate, synthetic aluminum silicate, synthetic hydrocalcite, magnesium aluminum hydroxide, diisopropylethylamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine, triisopropanolamine, trimethylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) and the like.
  • bases that are salts of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, alkanesulfonic acid, amino acids, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, butyric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, fatty acids, formic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, hydroquinosulfonic acid, isoascorbic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, para-bromophenylsulfonic acid, propionic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, thioglycolic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, uric acid, and the like.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, alkanesulfonic acid, amino acids
  • Salts of polyprotic acids such as sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used.
  • the cation can be any convenient and pharmaceutically acceptable cation, such as ammonium, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and the like.
  • Example may include, but not limited to, sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium and ammonium.
  • Suitable acids are pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic acids.
  • suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.
  • suitable organic acids include acetic acid, acrylic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, alkanesulfonic acids, amino acids, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, butyric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, fatty acids, formic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, hydroquinosulfonic acid, isoascorbic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, para-bromophenylsulfonic acid, propionic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, thioglycolic
  • compositions for Injection are provided.
  • composition for injection containing a compound and a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for injection.
  • Components and amounts of agents in the compositions are as described herein.
  • Aqueous solutions in saline are also conventionally used for injection.
  • Ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like (and suitable mixtures thereof), cyclodextrin derivatives, and vegetable oils may also be employed.
  • the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating, such as lecithin, for the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants.
  • the prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like.
  • Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the compound(s) in an amount in the appropriate solvent with various other ingredients as enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization.
  • dispersions are prepared by incorporating the various sterilized active ingredients into a sterile vehicle which contains the basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above.
  • certain desirable methods of preparation are vacuum-drying and freeze-drying techniques, which yield a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
  • compositions for Topical e.g. Transdermal Delivery.
  • compositions for transdermal delivery are provided containing a compound(s) and a pharmaceutical excipient suitable for transdermal delivery.
  • compositions can be formulated into preparations in solid, semisolid, or liquid forms suitable for local or topical administration, such as gels, water soluble jellies, creams, lotions, suspensions, foams, powders, slurries, ointments, solutions, oils, pastes, suppositories, sprays, emulsions, saline solutions, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-based solutions.
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • carriers with higher densities are capable of providing an area with a prolonged exposure to the active ingredients.
  • a solution formulation may provide more immediate exposure of the active ingredient to the chosen area.
  • compositions also may comprise suitable solid or gel phase carriers or excipients, which are compounds that allow increased penetration of, or assist in the delivery of, therapeutic molecules across the stratum corneum permeability barrier of the skin.
  • suitable solid or gel phase carriers or excipients which are compounds that allow increased penetration of, or assist in the delivery of, therapeutic molecules across the stratum corneum permeability barrier of the skin.
  • humectants e.g., urea
  • glycols e.g., propylene glycol
  • alcohols e.g., ethanol
  • fatty acids e.g., oleic acid
  • surfactants e.g., isopropyl myristate and sodium lauryl sulfate
  • pyrrolidones e.g., isopropyl myristate and sodium lauryl sulfate
  • pyrrolidones e.glycerol monolaurate, sulfoxides, terpenes (e.g., menthol)
  • amines amides, alkanes, alkanols, water, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars, starches, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, and polymers such as polyethylene glycols.
  • transdermal delivery devices Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of a compound in controlled amounts, either with or without another agent.
  • transdermal patches for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,023,252, 4,992,445 and 5,001,139. Such patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents.
  • compositions for Inhalation are provided.
  • compositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders.
  • the liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described supra.
  • the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect.
  • Compositions in preferably pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be inhaled directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device may be attached to a facemask tent, or intermittent positive pressure-breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions may be administered, preferably orally or nasally, from devices that deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.
  • compositions may also be prepared from compositions described herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients suitable for sublingual, buccal, rectal, intraosseous, intraocular, intranasal, epidural, or intraspinal administration. Preparations for such pharmaceutical compositions are well known in the art.
  • Administration of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions can be effected by any method that enables delivery of the compounds to the site of action. These methods include oral routes, intraduodenal routes, parenteral injection (including intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular, intraperitoneal or infusion), topical (e.g. transdermal application), rectal administration, via local delivery by catheter or stent or through inhalation. Compounds can also be administered intraadiposally or intrathecally.
  • an effective dosage is in the range of about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kg body weight per day, preferably about 1 to about 35 mg/kg/day, in single or divided doses. For a 70 kg human, this would amount to about 0.05 to 7 g/day, preferably about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In some instances, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing any harmful side effect, e.g. by dividing such larger doses into several small doses for administration throughout the day.
  • a compound is administered in a single dose.
  • Such administration can be by injection, e.g., intravenous injection, in order to introduce the agent quickly.
  • routes such as oral, may be used as appropriate.
  • a single dose of a compound may also be used for treatment of an acute condition.
  • a compound is administered in multiple doses. Dosing may be about once, twice, three times, four times, five times, six times, or more than six times per day. Dosing may be about once a month, once every two weeks, once a week, or once every other day. In some embodiments a compound and another agent are administered together about once per day to about 6 times per day. In some embodiments, the administration of a compound and an agent continues for less than about 7 days. In yet another embodiment, the administration continues for more than about 6, 10, 14, 28 days, two months, six months, or one year. In some cases, continuous dosing is achieved and maintained as long as necessary.
  • a compound is administered for more than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, or 28 days. In some embodiments, a compound is administered for less than 28, 14, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 day. In some embodiments, a compound is administered chronically on an ongoing basis, e.g., for the treatment of chronic effects.
  • a compound may be administered in either single or multiple doses by any of the accepted modes of administration of agents having similar utilities, including rectal, buccal, intranasal and transdermal routes, by intra-arterial injection, intravenously, intraperitoneally, parenterally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally, topically, or as an inhalant.
  • compositions may also be delivered via an impregnated or coated device such as a stent, for example, or an artery-inserted cylindrical polymer.
  • a method of administration may, for example, aid in the prevention or amelioration of restenosis following procedures such as balloon angioplasty.
  • compounds may slow or inhibit the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall, which contribute to restenosis.
  • a compound may be administered, for example, by local delivery from the struts of a stent, from a stent graft, from grafts, or from the cover or sheath of a stent.
  • a compound is admixed with a matrix.
  • Such a matrix may be a polymeric matrix, and may serve to bond the compound to the stent.
  • Polymeric matrices suitable for such use include, for example, lactone-based polyesters or copolyesters such as polylactide, polycaprolactonglycolide, polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, polyaminoacids, polysaccharides, polyphosphazenes, poly (ether-ester) copolymers (e.g. PEO-PLLA); polydimethylsiloxane, poly(ethylene-vinylacetate), acrylate-based polymers or copolymers (e.g.
  • Compounds may be applied to the surface of the stent by various methods such as dip/spin coating, spray coating, dip-coating, and/or brush-coating. The compounds may be applied in a solvent and the solvent may be allowed to evaporate, thus forming a layer of compound onto the stent. Alternatively, the compound may be located in the body of the stent or graft, for example in microchannels or micropores.
  • stents When implanted, the compound diffuses out of the body of the stent to contact the arterial wall.
  • stents may be prepared by dipping a stent manufactured to contain such micropores or microchannels into a solution of the compound in a suitable solvent, followed by evaporation of the solvent. Excess drug on the surface of the stent may be removed via an additional brief solvent wash.
  • compounds may be covalently linked to a stent or graft.
  • a covalent linker may be used which degrades in vivo, leading to the release of the compound. Any bio-labile linkage may be used for such a purpose, such as ester, amide or anhydride linkages.
  • Compounds may additionally be administered intravascularly from a balloon used during angioplasty. Extravascular administration of the compounds via the pericardial or via adventitial application of formulations may also be performed to decrease restenosis.
  • the compounds may be administered in dosages. It is known in the art that due to intersubject variability in compound pharmacokinetics, individualization of dosing regimen is necessary for optimal therapy. Dosing for a compound may be found by routine experimentation in light of the instant disclosure.
  • a compound When a compound is administered in a composition that comprises one or more agents, which has a shorter half-life than the compound unit dose forms of the agent and the compound may be adjusted accordingly.
  • the subject pharmaceutical composition may, for example, be in a form suitable for oral administration as a tablet, capsule, pill, powder, sustained release formulations, solution, and suspension, for parenteral injection as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of precise dosages.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can include a conventional pharmaceutical carrier or excipient and a compound as an active ingredient. In addition, it may include other medicinal or pharmaceutical agents, carriers, adjuvants, etc.
  • Exemplary parenteral administration forms include solutions or suspensions of active compound in sterile aqueous solutions, for example, aqueous propylene glycol or dextrose solutions. Such dosage forms can be suitably buffered, if desired.
  • the method comprises administering to a subject or a subject in need thereof an amount, such as a therapeutically effective amount, of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of the subject combination of compounds may vary depending upon the intended application (in vitro or in vivo), or the subject and disease condition being treated, e.g., the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease condition, the manner of administration and the like, which can readily be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the term also applies to a dose that will induce a particular response in target cells, e.g., reduction of proliferation or downregulation of activity of a target protein.
  • the specific dose will vary depending on the particular compounds chosen, the dosing regimen to be followed, whether it is administered in combination with other compounds, timing of administration, the tissue to which it is administered, and the physical delivery system in which it is carried.
  • IC 50 refers to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of an inhibitor in inhibiting biological or biochemical function. This quantitative measure indicates how much of a particular inhibitor is needed to inhibit a given biological process (or component of a process, i.e. an enzyme, cell, cell receptor or microorganism) by half. In other words, it is the half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC) of a substance (50% IC, or IC50).
  • EC50 refers to the plasma concentration required for obtaining 50%> of a maximum effect in vivo.
  • the subject methods utilize a CDK inhibitor with an IC50 value of about or less than a predetermined value, as ascertained in an in vitro assay.
  • the CDK inhibitor inhibits CDK with an IC50 value of about 1 nM or less, 2 nM or less, 5 nM or less, 7 nM or less, 10 nM or less, 20 nM or less, 30 nM or less, 40 nM or less, 50 nM or less, 60 nM or less, 70 nM or less, 80 nM or less, 90 nM or less, 100 nM or less, 120 nM or less, 140 nM or less, 150 nM or less, 160 nM or less, 170 nM or less, 180 nM or less, 190 nM or less, 200 nM or less, 225 nM or less, 250 nM or less, 275 nM or less, 300 nM or less, 325 nM
  • the subject method of inhibiting CDK enzyme comprises contacting the CDK enzyme with an effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
  • the CDK enzyme is CDK9.
  • the CDK inhibitor selectively inhibits CDK with an IC50 value that is at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 100, or 1000 times less (or a number in the range defined by and including any two numbers above) than its IC50 value against one, two, or three other CDKs.
  • the CDK inhibitor is a CDK9 inhibitor.
  • the CDK inhibitor selectively inhibits CDK with an IC50 value that is less than about 1 nM, 2 nM, 5 nM, 7 nM, 10 nM, 20 nM, 30 nM, 40 nM, 50 nM, 60 nM, 70 nM, 80 nM, 90 nM, 100 nM, 120 nM, 140 nM, 150 nM, 160 nM, 170 nM, 180 nM, 190 nM, 200 nM, 225 nM, 250 nM, 275 nM, 300 nM, 325 nM, 350 nM, 375 nM, 400 nM, 425 nM, 450 nM, 475 nM, 500 nM, 550 nM, 600 nM, 650 nM, 700 nM, 750 nM, 800 nM, 850 nM, 900 nM, 950 nM
  • compounds described herein are in use for inhibiting a CDK enzyme in a subject, wherein the use comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more compounds as described herein, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, pharmaceutical compositions, or prodrugs thereof.
  • compositions as described herein are in use for inhibiting a CDK enzyme in a subject, wherein the use comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more pharmaceutical compositions as described
  • ком ⁇ онентs are provided uses of compounds as described herein in the manufacture of a formulation inhibiting a CDK enzyme in a subject, wherein the use comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more compounds as described herein, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, pharmaceutical compositions, or prodrugs thereof.
  • a pharmaceutical composition as described herein for inhibiting a CDK enzyme in a subject wherein the use comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more pharmaceutical compositions as described herein.
  • the CDK enzyme is CDK9.
  • the subject methods are useful for treating a disease or disorder condition associated with CDK. Any disease or disorder condition that results directly or indirectly from an abnormal activity or expression level of CDK can be an intended disease or disorder condition.
  • the said method for treating disease or disorder condition associated with CDK in a subject or a subject in need thereof comprises administering to the subject, a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
  • CDK has been implicated, for example, auto-immune diseases, neurodegeneration (such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and ischaemia), inflammatory diseases, viral infections and cancer such as, for example, colon cancer, breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, chronic lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, or pancreatic cancer.
  • auto-immune diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and ischaemia
  • inflammatory diseases such as, for example, colon cancer, breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, chronic lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, or pancreatic cancer.
  • Non-limiting examples of such conditions include but are not limited to Acanthoma, Acinic cell carcinoma, Acoustic neuroma, Acral lentiginous melanoma, Acrospiroma, Acute eosinophilic leukemia, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, Acute monocytic leukemia, Acute myeloblasts leukemia with maturation, Acute myeloid dendritic cell leukemia, Acute myeloid leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia, Acute promyelocytic leukemia, Adamantinoma, Adenocarcinoma, Adenoid cystic carcinoma, Adenoma, Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Adult T-cell leukemia, Aggressive NK-cell leukemia, AIDS-Related Cancers, AIDS-related lymphoma, Alveolar soft part sar
  • said method is for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of tumor angiogenesis, chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, and scleroderma, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, hemangioma, glioma, melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic, prostate, colon and epidermoid cancer.
  • a disease selected from the group consisting of tumor angiogenesis, chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, and scleroderma
  • diabetes diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity
  • age-related macular degeneration hemangio
  • said method is for treating a disease selected from breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, or cervical cancer.
  • the said method comprises administering to a subject or a subject in need thereof, a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
  • said method is for treating a disease selected from leukemia such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, myelodysplasia, myeloproliferative disorders, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), mastocytosis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma (MM), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or epidermoid cancer.
  • AML acute myeloid leukemia
  • AML acute lymphocytic leukemia
  • chronic lymphocytic leukemia chronic myeloid leukemia
  • CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • mastocytosis chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • CLL multiple myeloma
  • MDS myelodysplastic syndrome
  • compositions as described herein in use for treating a disease or disorder associated with aberrant CDK activity in a subject or a subject in need thereof, wherein the use comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more pharmaceutical compositions as described herein.
  • ком ⁇ онентs in the manufacture of a formulation treating a disease or disorder associated with aberrant CDK activity in a subject or a subject in need thereof, wherein the use comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more compounds as described herein, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, pharmaceutical compositions, or prodrugs thereof.
  • the disease or disorder associated with aberrant CDK activity is colon cancer, breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, chronic lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, or pancreatic cancer.
  • compositions as described herein in use for treating cancer in a subject or a subject in need thereof wherein the use comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more pharmaceutical compositions as described herein.
  • ком ⁇ онентs are provided uses of compounds as described herein in the manufacture of a formulation treating cancer in a subject or a subject in need thereof, wherein the use comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more compounds as described herein, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, pharmaceutical compositions, or prodrugs thereof.
  • compositions as described herein for treating cancer in a subject or a subject in need thereof, wherein the use comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more pharmaceutical compositions as described herein.
  • the cancer is colon cancer, breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, chronic lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, or pancreatic cancer.
  • Medical therapies include, for example, surgery and radiotherapy (e.g., gamma-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, systemic radioactive isotopes).
  • radiotherapy e.g., gamma-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, systemic radioactive isotopes.
  • compounds of the disclosure as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising thereof, can be administered to treat any of the described diseases, alone or in combination with one or more other agents.
  • the compounds of the disclosure as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising thereof, can be administered in combination with agonists of nuclear receptors agents.
  • the compounds of the disclosure as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising thereof, can be administered in combination with antagonists of nuclear receptors agents.
  • the compounds of the disclosure as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising thereof, can be administered in combination with an anti-proliferative agent.
  • the compounds can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, agonists or antagonists of nuclear receptors, or other anti-proliferative agents.
  • the compounds can also be used in combination with a medical therapy such as surgery or radiotherapy, e.g., gamma-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, and systemic radioactive isotopes.
  • chemotherapeutic agents include any of abarelix, aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, allopurinol, all-trans retinoic acid, altretamine, anastrozole, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, azacitidine, bendamustine, bevacizumab, bexarotene, bleomycin, bortezombi, bortezomib, busulfan intravenous, busulfan oral, calusterone, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, cetuximab, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, dalteparin sodium, dasatinib, daunorubicin, decitabine, denileukin, denileukin diftito
  • the compounds can be used in combination with a therapeutic agent that targets an epigenetic regulator.
  • epigenetic regulators include bromodomain inhibitors, the histone lysine methyltransferase inhibitors, histone arginine methyl transferase inhibitors, histone demethylase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, histone acetylase inhibitors, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors.
  • Histone deacetylase inhibitors include, e.g., vorinostat.
  • Histone arginine methyl transferase inhibitors include inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) such as PRMT5, PRMT1 and PRMT4.
  • DNA methyltransferase inhibitors include inhibitors of DNMT1 and DNMT3.
  • the compounds can be used in combination with targeted therapies, including JAK kinase inhibitors (e.g. Ruxolitinib), PI3 kinase inhibitors including PI3K-delta selective and broad spectrum PI3K inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, Cyclin Dependent kinase inhibitors, including CDK4/6 inhibitors and CDK9 inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors (e.g. Bortezomib, Carfilzomib), HDAC inhibitors (e.g.
  • panobinostat panobinostat, vorinostat
  • DNA methyl transferase inhibitors dexamethasone, bromo and extra terminal family member (BET) inhibitors, BTK inhibitors (e.g. ibrutinib, acalabrutinib), BCL2 inhibitors (e.g. venetoclax), dual BCL2 family inhibitors (e.g. BCL2/BCL ⁇ L), PARP inhibitors, FLT3 inhibitors, or LSD1 inhibitors.
  • BET bromo and extra terminal family member
  • BTK inhibitors e.g. ibrutinib, acalabrutinib
  • BCL2 inhibitors e.g. venetoclax
  • dual BCL2 family inhibitors e.g. BCL2/BCL ⁇ L
  • PARP inhibitors FLT3 inhibitors, or LSD1 inhibitors.
  • the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-1, e.g., an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody.
  • the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is nivolumab, pembrolizumab (also known as MK-3475), or PDR001.
  • the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is nivolumab or pembrolizumab.
  • the anti-PD1 antibody is pembrolizumab.
  • the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-L1, e.g., an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody.
  • the anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody is atezolizumab, durvalumab, or BMS-935559.
  • the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CTLA-4, e.g., an anti-CTLA-4 antibody.
  • the anti-CTLA-4 antibody is ipilimumab.
  • the agent is an alkylating agent, a proteasome inhibitor, a corticosteroid, or an immunomodulatory agent.
  • an alkylating agent include cyclophosphamide (CY), melphalan (MEL), and bendamustine.
  • the proteasome inhibitor is carfilzomib.
  • the corticosteroid is dexamethasone (DEX).
  • the immunomodulatory agent is lenalidomide (LEN) or pomalidomide (POM).
  • the compound can be administered in combination with a corticosteroid such as triamcinolone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone, cortisone, prednisolone, or flumetholone.
  • a corticosteroid such as triamcinolone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone, cortisone, prednisolone, or flumetholone.
  • the compound can be administered in combination with an immune suppressant such as fluocinolone acetonide (Retisert®), rimexolone (AL-2178, Vexol, Alcon), or cyclosporine (Restasis®).
  • an immune suppressant such as fluocinolone acetonide (Retisert®), rimexolone (AL-2178, Vexol, Alcon), or cyclosporine (Restasis®).
  • the compounds are used in methods of prevention (prevent or preventing) or prophalyxis of the diseases, disorders, or conditions provided herein. In some embodiments, the compounds are used to prevent the recurrence of a condition or disease provided herein.
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • n 0 or 1 and R b is as defined in embodiment 1.
  • methylsulfonamido (—NSO 2 CH 3 ), 3-methylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 3 ), 3-methoxyureido (—NC(O)NHOCH 3 ), 3,3-dimethylureido (—NC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), or 3-ethylureido (—NC(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), morpholine-4-carboxamido, i.e.,
  • TFA salt form is just a non-limiting example of salt form and the compounds can also be made in other salt forms.
  • TFA salt forms examples 1-27, 43-46, 48, 50-75, 76-1, 76-2, 77-79, and 81-88 are prepared in TFA salt forms.
  • the reactions for preparing compounds of the disclosure can be carried out in suitable solvents, which can be readily selected by one of skill in the art of organic synthesis.
  • suitable solvents can be substantially nonreactive with the starting materials (reactants), the intermediates, or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, e.g., temperatures, which can range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature.
  • a given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent.
  • suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected by the skilled artisan.
  • Preparation of compounds of the disclosure can involve the protection and deprotection of various chemical groups.
  • the need for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate protecting groups, can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
  • the chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd. Ed., Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1999), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • Reactions can be monitored according to any suitable method known in the art.
  • product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1 H or 13 C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), or mass spectrometry, or by chromatography such as high performance liquid chromatography (“HPLC”) or thin layer chromatography.
  • spectroscopic means such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1 H or 13 C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), or mass spectrometry
  • chromatography such as high performance liquid chromatography (“HPLC”) or thin layer chromatography.
  • ambient temperature e.g. a reaction temperature
  • room temperature RT
  • r.t r.t.
  • a temperature e.g. a reaction temperature, that is about the temperature of the room in which the reaction is carried out, for example, a temperature from about 20° C. to about 30° C.
  • Compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II) can be prepared from optionally protected bicycles or tricycles 1-1 or 1-2 where Y 1 is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) as shown in Scheme L1-1 or 1-2 can be coupled with 1-3, where M 1 is a boronic acid, boronate ester, potassium trifluoroborate, or an appropriately substituted metal, such as Sn(Bu) 3 or Zn, under standard Suzuki conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II), complex with dichloromethane and a base (e.g., a carbonate base)) or standard Stille conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst
  • the 1-1 or 1-2 can be converted to an appropriate 1-4 or 1-5 (e.g., M 2 is B(OH) 2 , Bpin, BF 3 K, Sn(Bu) 3 , or Zn) and then coupled to 1-6 where Y 2 is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) under standard Suzuki conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II), complex with dichloromethane and a base (e.g., a carbonate base)) or standard Stille conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or standard Negishi conditions (e.
  • 2-aminopyridine 2-1 where Y 2 is a halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I), or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) can be coupled with Boc-protected amino acid 2-2 under standard amide formation conditions (e.g. treatment with an appropriate base, such as DIPEA or trimethylamine and in the presence of coupling agents, such as HATU, HOBt, or PyBOP).
  • a halogen e.g., Cl, Br, or I
  • pseudohalogen e.g., OTf or OMs
  • Boc-protected amino acid 2-2 under standard amide formation conditions (e.g. treatment with an appropriate base, such as DIPEA or trimethylamine and in the presence of coupling agents, such as HATU, HOBt, or PyBOP).
  • the Y 2 halo (e.g., (Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalo group (e.g., OTf or OMs) of 2-3 can be converted, to an appropriate substituted metal 2-4 (e.g., M 3 is B(OH) 2 , Bpin, BF 3 K, Sn(Bu) 3 , or Zn) under standard conditions (e.g., in the presence of a diboron reagent, such as bis(pinacolato)diboron, a palladium catalyst, such as dichloro[bis(triphenylphosphoranyl)]palladium or bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), complex with dichloromethane, and a base, such as potassium acetate).
  • a diboron reagent such as bis(pinacolato)diboron
  • a palladium catalyst such as dichloro[bis(triphenylphosphoranyl)]palla
  • Intermediates 2-7 or 2-8 can be coupled with carboxylic acid 3-1 under standard amide formation conditions (e.g. treatment with an appropriate base, such as DIPEA or trimethylamine and in the presence of coupling agents, such as HATU, HOBt, or PyBOP) to afford compounds 3-2 or 3-3.
  • an appropriate base such as DIPEA or trimethylamine
  • coupling agents such as HATU, HOBt, or PyBOP
  • Amine 2-7 or 2-8 can be coupled sulfonyl chloride 4-1 by various methods (e.g. treatment with an appropriate base, such as pyridine or trimethylamine and optionally with a catalyst such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine) to afford compounds 4-2 or 4-3.
  • an appropriate base such as pyridine or trimethylamine
  • a catalyst such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • Intermediates 2-7 or 2-8 can be coupled with amine 5-1 under standard urea formation conditions (e.g. treatment of amine 2-7 or 2-8 with an appropriate base, such as DIPEA or trimethylamine and in the presence of coupling agents, such as CDI or triphosgene, followed by the addition of amine 5-1) to afford compounds 3-2 or 3-3.
  • an appropriate base such as DIPEA or trimethylamine
  • coupling agents such as CDI or triphosgene
  • intermediate 7-3 can be prepared by the coupling of hydrazine 7-1, where Y 1 is a halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I), or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs), and ketone 7-2 under acidic conditions (e.g., HOAC as solvent).
  • Y 1 is a halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I), or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs)
  • ketone 7-2 under acidic conditions (e.g., HOAC as solvent).
  • intermediate 8-2 can be prepared using aniline 8-1, where. Y 1 is a halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I), or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs), and ketone 7-2 under the treatment with MeSO 2 NH 2 and SOCl 2 .
  • halogen e.g., Cl, Br, or I
  • pseudohalogen e.g., OTf or OMs
  • Some intermediates for making compounds can be prepared as shown in Scheme X. Coupling of compound 9-1 with ketone 10-1 in the presence of a suitable base, such as LDA can give alcohol 10-2. Deoxygenation of 10-2 using trifluoroacetice acid/triethylsilane can yield compound 10-3.
  • Compounds of Formula (I-A) can be prepared from optionally protected bicycles or tricycles 11-1 where Y 1 is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) as shown in Scheme L.
  • Y 1 is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) as shown in Scheme L.
  • Compound 11-1 can be coupled with 1-3, where M 1 is a boronic acid, boronate ester, potassium trifluoroborate, or an appropriately substituted metal, such as Sn(Bu) 3 or Zn, under standard Suzuki conditions (e.g.
  • a palladium catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]-dichloropalladium (11) complex with dichloromethane and a base (e.g.
  • compound 11-1 can be converted to an appropriate compound 11-2 (e.g., M 2 is B(OH) 2 , Bpin, BF 3 K, Sn(Bu) 3 , or Zn) and then coupled to 1-6 where V is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) under standard Suzuki conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (11), complex with dichloromethane and a base (e.g., a carbonate base)) or standard Stille conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)) or standard Negishi conditions (e.g., in the presence of
  • Compounds of Formula (XIII) can be prepared from compound 12-4 where Y is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) as shown in Scheme XII.
  • Y is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs)
  • aniline 12-1, where Y 1 is a halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I), or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or ONs) can be coupled with lactam 12-2 under the treatment with triethylamine and POCl 3 to afford compound 12-3.
  • a base such as Cs 2 CO 3 , and CuSO 4 , compound 12-3 can be converted to tricyclic product 12-4.
  • Compound 12-4 can be coupled with 1-3, where M 1 is a boronic acid, boronate ester, potassium trifluoroborate, or an appropriately substituted metal, such as Sn(Bu) or Zn, under standard Suzuki conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]-dichloropalladium (II), complex with dichloromethane and a base (e.g., a carbonate base)) or standard Stille conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)) or standard Negishi conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) or [1,1′-
  • compound 12-4 can be converted to an appropriate compound 12-5 (e.g., N is B(OH) 2 . Bpin, BF 3 K, Sn(Bu) 3 , or Zn) and then coupled to 1-6 where Y 2 is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) under standard Suzuki conditions (e.g., in the presence of a Spalladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II), complex with dichloromethane and a base (e.g., a carbonate base)) or standard Stille conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)) or standard Negishi conditions (e.g., in the presence
  • Compounds of Formula (II-A) can be prepared from optionally protected bicycles or tricycles 13-1 where Y 1 is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) as shown in Scheme I.
  • Y 1 is halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g., OTf or OMs) as shown in Scheme I.
  • Compound 13-1 can be coupled with 1-3, where M 1 is a boronic acid, boronate ester, potassium trifluoroborate, or an appropriately substituted metal, such as Sn(Bu) 3 or Zn, under standard Suzuki conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]-dichloropalladium (II), complex with dichloromethane and a base (e.g., a carbonate base)) or standard Stille conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)) or standard Negishi conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis
  • compound 13-1 can be converted to an appropriate compound 13-2 (e.g., M 2 is B(OH, Bpin, BF 3 K, Sn(Bu) 3 , or Zn) and then coupled to 1-6 where Y 2 is halogen (e.g. Cl, Br, or I) or pseudohalogen (e.g. OTf or OMs) under standard Suzuki conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium catalyst, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II), complex with dichloromethane and a base (e.g.
  • a palladium catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II), complex with dichloromethane and a base
  • reaction mixture was charged with additional pyridine (25 uL, 0.31 mmol) and (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (72 mg, 0.22 mmol), and stirred at 30° C. for 10 min.
  • the mixture was then charged with iodine (56 mg, 0.22 mmol) and stirred at 30° C. for 2 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL), sat. Na 2 SO 3 (5 mL), sat. NaHCO 3 (5 mL), and extracted with DCM (2 ⁇ 30 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • reaction mixture was sparged with N 2 for 2 min, charged with 2-isopropenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (450 ⁇ L, 2.4 mmol), then stirred at 45° C. for 1 h.
  • the reaction mixture was charged with additional 2-isopropenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (50 ⁇ L, 0.27 mmol) and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene dichloropalladium (30 mg, 0.041 mmol), and was stirred at 45° C. for an additional 1 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (“EtOAc”) (100 mL), and then washed with sat. NaHCO 3 (30 mL) and water (40 mL), water (70 mL), and brine (50 mL).
  • EtOAc ethyl acetate
  • the organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by FCC (40 g SiO 2 , 0 ⁇ 20% EtOAc in hexanes, wet-loaded in DCM+hexanes).
  • Step 4 tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S)-3-[(4-bromo-5-chloro-2-pyridyl)carbamoyl]cyclohexyl]carbamate
  • Step 7 [2-[[(1S,3R)-3-acetamidocyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]-5-chloro-4-pyridyl]boronic acid
  • Step 8 (1S,3R)-3-acetamido-N-[5-chloro-4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-2-methyl-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide
  • reaction mixture was sparged with N 2 for 2 min, and then stirred at 90° C. for 2 h.
  • the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure.
  • the residue was extracted with acetonitrile ( ⁇ 7-8 mL total) with sonication, filtered through 0.45 um PTFE, and purified directly by prep-LCMS (5 ⁇ m 10 ⁇ 3 cm Luna C18, 38-54% acetonitrile (“MeCN”) in H 2 O (0.1% TFA), wet-loaded in MeCN).
  • MeCN acetonitrile
  • Step 1 [2-[[(1S,3R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]-5-chloro-4-pyridyl]boronic acid
  • Step 2 tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S)-3-[[5-chloro-4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-2-methyl-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridyl]carbamoyl]cyclohexyl]carbamate
  • the reaction mixture was sparged with N 2 for 2 min, then microwaved at 90° C. for 2 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with sat. NaHCO 3 (30 mL) and water (30 mL), water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL), and brine (2 ⁇ 40 mL).
  • the combined aqueous layers were back-extracted with EtOAc (30 mL), and then washed with brine (20 mL).
  • the organic layers were combined and were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered through cotton, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by FCC (40 g SiO 2 , 0 ⁇ 40% EtOAc in DCM, wet-loaded in DCM, broad/tailing peaks).
  • Step 3 (1S,3R)-3-amino-N-[5-chloro-4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-2-methyl-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide
  • Step 4 (1S,3R)-N-[5-chloro-4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-2-methyl-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridyl]-3-[(1-hydroxycyclopropanecarbonyl)amino]cyclohexanecarboxamide
  • reaction mixture was then charged with a stock solution of (1S,3R)-3-amino-N-[5-chloro-4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-2-methyl-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide; trihydrochloride (8.3 mg, 0.02 mmol, 1 eq) and triethylamine (10 ⁇ L, 0.07 mmol, 4.8 eq) in DMF, and stirred at RT for 3 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with
  • Example 1 Examples in Table 1 were prepared using the procedure described in the synthesis of Example 2.
  • Step 1 N-[(1R,3S)-3-[[5-chloro-4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-2-methyl-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridyl]carbamoyl]cyclohexyl]imidazole-1-carboxamide
  • Step 2 N-[(1R,3S)-3-[[5-chloro-4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-2-methyl-indazol-5-yl)-2-pyridyl]carbamoyl]cyclohexyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide
  • Example 7 Examples in Table 2 were prepared using the procedure described in the synthesis of Example 7.
  • Step 1 N-(4-bromo-2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-2-imine
  • Step 3 5-fluoro-1,1-dimethyl-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole
  • Step 4 (1S,3R)-3-acetamido-N-[5-chloro-4-(5-fluoro-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-7-yl)-2-pyridyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide
  • reaction mixture was sparged with nitrogen for 10 mins.
  • the reaction was charged with sodium carbonate (6.8 mg, 0.06 mmol) and sparged with nitrogen for additional 5 mins.
  • the reaction tube was capped and heated in the microwave reactor for 1 h.
  • the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, concentrated under reduced pressure, and the crude residue was purified by C-18 reverse phase chromatography using 5-95% ACN in water using 0.1% TFA as modifier to give (1S,3R)-3-acetamido-N-[5-chloro-4-(1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-7-yl)-2-pyridyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid (8 mg, 0.013 mmol, 42% yield).).
  • Step 1 (1S,3R)-3-amino-N-(5-chloro-4-(5-fluoro-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-7-yl)pyridin-2-yl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide
  • the reaction mixture was sparged with nitrogen for 10 mins.
  • the reaction mixture was charged with dichloro-1,1′-bisdiphenylphosphino)ferrocene palladium (II) dichloromethane (216 mg, 0.26 mmol) and sparged with N 2 for additional 5 mins.
  • the reaction tube was capped and heated in a microwave reactor for 1 h at 50° C.
  • the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite®, concentrated, and the crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using 0-30% EtOAc in DCM to give the Boc protected amine.
  • the product was dissolved in ethyl acetate (2 mL) and treated with 0.5 mL of conc HCl.
  • Step 2 (1S,3R)-N-(5-chloro-4-(5-fluoro-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-7-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3-(2-cyanoacetamido)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide
  • Example 14 Examples in Table 3 were prepared using the procedure described in the synthesis of Example 14.
  • Step 4 4-Fluoro-1-isopropyl-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzimidazole
  • Step 5 tert-butyl ((1R,3S)-3-((4-iodo-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbamoyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate
  • reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC on a C18 column (20-35 ⁇ M, 100 A, 80 g) with mobile phase: H 2 O (0.1% TFA)/MeOH at flow rate: 50 mL/min to give tert-butyl ((1R,3S)-3-((4-iodo-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbamoyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (230 mg, 46.9% yield).
  • Step 7 (1S,3R)-3-acetamido-N-(4-iodo-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide
  • Step 8 (1S,3R)-3-acetamido-N-(4-(4-fluoro-1-isopropyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide
  • reaction mixture was de-gassed under reduced pressure and recharged with N 2 . Then the reaction was stirred at 90° C. for 14 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL), filtered, extracted with EtOAc (3 ⁇ 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered.
  • Step 1 5′-Bromo-7′-fluoro-2′-methylspiro[cyclopentane-1,3′-indole]
  • Step 2 7′-Fluoro-2′-methyl-5′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)spiro[cyclopentane-1,3′-indole]
  • Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (2.49 g, 3.83 mmol, 0.20 eq) was added to a mixture of 5′-bromo-7′-fluoro-2′-methyl-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3′-indole] (5.40 g, 19.1 mmol, 1.0 eq), bis(pinacolato)diboron (5.35 g, 21.0 mmol, 1.1 eq) and potassium acetate (“KOAc”) (3.75 g, 38.3 mmol, 2.0 eq) in 1,4-dioxane (100 mL). The mixture was degassed and recharged with N 2 . Then the reaction was heated to 90° C. and stirred overnight.
  • KOAc potassium acetate
  • Step 3 (1S,3R)-3-acetamido-N-(5-chloro-4-(7′-fluoro-2′-methylspiro[cyclopentane-1,3′-indol]-5′-yl)pyridin-2-yl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide
  • Step 4 3-isopropyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole
  • Step 5 (1S,3R)-3-acetamido-N-(5-chloro-4-(3-isopropylbenzo[c]isothiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide
  • Step 4 ethyl 3-(5-bromo-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)but-2-enoate
  • Step 10 1-methyl-8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]indazole
  • Step 11 (1S,3R)-3-acetamido-N-(5-chloro-4-(1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]indazol-8-yl)pyridin-2-yl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide
  • Step 1 4-(7-Fluoro-3-isopropyl-benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-methyl-pyridin-2-amine
  • the reaction mixture was de-gassed under reduced pressure and recharged with N 2 for three times. The resulted mixture was heated at 110° C. for 3 h.
  • Step 2 tert-Butyl N-[(1R,3S)-3-[[4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]carbamoyl]cyclohexyl]carbamate
  • Step 3 (1S,3R)-3-Amino-N-[4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide
  • Step 4 (1S,3R)-3-(Dimethylcarbamoylamino)-N-[4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide
  • DIPEA Diisopropylethylamine
  • (1S,3R)-3-amino-N-[4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide (15.0 g, 36.6 mmol, 1.0 eq) were successively added to a solution of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (5.91 g, 55.0 mmol, 1.5 eq) in dry DCM (300 mL) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight.
  • Example 4 Examples in Table 4 were prepared using the procedure described in the synthesis of Example 28 using appropriate starting materials.
  • Example 43 Examples in Table 5 were prepared using the procedure described in the synthesis of Example 43 using appropriate starting materials.
  • Step 2 2: (1S,3R)-3-[[N-[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-methyl-sulfonimidoyl]amino]-N-[4-(7-fluoro-3-isopropyl-benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide
  • Step 3 (1S,3R)-N-[4-(7-Fluoro-3-isopropyl-benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]-3-[(methylsulfonimidoyl)amino]cyclohexanecarboxamide
  • Step 1 Ethyl (1R,3S)-3-[(4-iodo-5-methyl-2-pyridyl)carbamoyl]cyclohexanecarboxylate

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