US20210297157A1 - Efficient remote phy dataplane management for a cable system - Google Patents

Efficient remote phy dataplane management for a cable system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20210297157A1
US20210297157A1 US17/207,120 US202117207120A US2021297157A1 US 20210297157 A1 US20210297157 A1 US 20210297157A1 US 202117207120 A US202117207120 A US 202117207120A US 2021297157 A1 US2021297157 A1 US 2021297157A1
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data
distribution system
header
cable distribution
docsis
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Vasudevan JOTHILINGAM
Kumara Swamy TADIKAVAGILU VENKATAPPA
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Arris Enterprises LLC
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Arris Enterprises LLC
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Publication of US20210297157A1 publication Critical patent/US20210297157A1/en
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Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. ABL SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: ARRIS ENTERPRISES LLC, COMMSCOPE TECHNOLOGIES LLC, COMMSCOPE, INC. OF NORTH CAROLINA
Assigned to WILMINGTON TRUST reassignment WILMINGTON TRUST SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ARRIS ENTERPRISES LLC, ARRIS SOLUTIONS, INC., COMMSCOPE TECHNOLOGIES LLC, COMMSCOPE, INC. OF NORTH CAROLINA, RUCKUS WIRELESS, INC.
Priority to US18/370,838 priority patent/US12057882B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25751—Optical arrangements for CATV or video distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H04L12/2858—Access network architectures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H04L12/2869—Operational details of access network equipments
    • H04L12/287—Remote access server, e.g. BRAS
    • H04L12/2874—Processing of data for distribution to the subscribers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/27—Arrangements for networking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2801—Broadband local area networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/90—Buffering arrangements
    • H04L49/901—Buffering arrangements using storage descriptor, e.g. read or write pointers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6156—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6168—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem

Definitions

  • the subject matter of this application relates to efficient remote PHY dataplane management for a cable system.
  • Cable Television (CATV) services provide content to large groups of customers (e.g., subscribers) from a central delivery unit, generally referred to as a “headend,” which distributes channels of content to its customers from this central delivery unit through an access network comprising a hybrid fiber coax (HFC) cable plant, including associated components (nodes, amplifiers and taps).
  • HFC hybrid fiber coax
  • Modern Cable Television (CATV) service networks not only provide media content such as television channels and music channels to a customer, but also provide a host of digital communication services such as Internet Service, Video-on-Demand, telephone service such as VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), home automation/security, and so forth.
  • CATV headends have historically included a separate Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS), used to provide high speed data services, such as cable Internet, Voice over Internet Protocol, etc. to cable customers and a video headend system, used to provide video services, such as broadcast video and video on demand (VOD).
  • CMTS Cable Modem Termination System
  • VOD video and video on demand
  • CMTS will include both Ethernet interfaces (or other more traditional high-speed data interfaces) as well as radio frequency (RF) interfaces so that traffic coming from the Internet can be routed (or bridged) through the Ethernet interface, through the CMTS, and then onto the RF interfaces that are connected to the cable company's hybrid fiber coax (HFC) system.
  • CMTS Cable Modem Termination System
  • RF radio frequency
  • Downstream traffic is delivered from the CMTS to a cable modem and/or set top box in a customer's home, while upstream traffic is delivered from a cable modem and/or set top box in a customer's home to the CMTS.
  • the Video Headend System similarly provides video to either a set top, TV with a video decryption card, or other device capable of demodulating and decrypting the incoming encrypted video services.
  • CMTS Integrated Converged Cable Access Platform
  • I-CCAP Integrated Converged Cable Access Platform
  • distributed CMTS e.g., distributed Converged Cable Access Platform
  • R-PHY Remote PHY
  • PHY physical layer
  • R-MAC PHY relocates both the MAC and the PHY to the network's nodes
  • the R-PHY device in the remote node converts the downstream data sent from the core from digital-to-analog to be transmitted on radio frequency to the cable modems and/or set top boxes, and converts the upstream radio frequency data sent from the cable modems and/or set top boxes from analog-to-digital format to be transmitted optically to the core.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an integrated Cable Modem Termination System.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a distributed Cable Modem Termination System.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a layered network processing stack.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates interconnections between D-CMTS, a remote fiber node, and a cable modem/set top box.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary DEPI packet.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary DEPI packet.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates processing a DEPI packet.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates modified processing of a DEPI packet.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates modified processing of a DEPI packet with an internal header.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates modified processing of multiple DOCSIS packets within a DEPI packet.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates modified processing of a DOCSIS packet spanning across different DEPI packets.
  • an integrated CMTS e.g., Integrated Converged Cable Access Platform (CCAP)
  • CCAP Integrated Converged Cable Access Platform
  • the integrated CMTS 100 may include data 110 that is sent and received over the Internet (or other network) typically in the form of packetized data.
  • the integrated CMTS 100 may also receive downstream video 120 , typically in the form of packetized data from an operator video aggregation system.
  • broadcast video is typically obtained from a satellite delivery system and pre-processed for delivery to the subscriber though the CCAP or video headend system.
  • the integrated CMTS 100 receives and processes the received data 110 and downstream video 120 .
  • the CMTS 130 may transmit downstream data 140 and downstream video 150 to a customer's cable modem and/or set top box 160 through a RF distribution network, which may include other devices, such as amplifiers and splitters.
  • the CMTS 130 may receive upstream data 170 from a customer's cable modem and/or set top box 160 through a network, which may include other devices, such as amplifiers and splitters.
  • the CMTS 130 may include multiple devices to achieve its desired capabilities.
  • D-CMTS Distributed Cable Modem Termination System
  • CCAP Distributed Converged Cable Access Platform
  • the D-CMTS 200 distributes a portion of the functionality of the I-CMTS 100 downstream to a remote location, such as a fiber node, using network packetized data.
  • An exemplary D-CMTS 200 may include a remote PHY architecture, where a remote PHY (R-PHY) is preferably an optical node device that is located at the junction of the fiber and the coaxial.
  • R-PHY remote PHY
  • the R-PHY often includes the MAC and/or PHY layers of a portion of the system.
  • the D-CMTS 200 may include a D-CMTS 230 (e.g., core) that includes data 210 that is sent and received over the Internet (or other network) typically in the form of packetized data.
  • the D-CMTS 200 may also receive downstream video 220 , typically in the form of packetized data from an operator video aggregation system.
  • the D-CMTS 230 receives and processes the received data 210 and downstream video 220 .
  • a remote fiber node 280 preferably includes a remote PHY device 290 .
  • the remote PHY device 290 may transmit downstream data 240 and downstream video 250 to a customer's cable modem and/or set top box 260 through a network, which may include other devices, such as amplifier and splitters.
  • the remote PHY device 290 may receive upstream data 270 from a customer's cable modem and/or set top box 260 through a network, which may include other devices, such as amplifiers and splitters.
  • the remote PHY device 290 may include multiple devices to achieve its desired capabilities.
  • the remote PHY device 290 primarily includes PHY related circuitry, such as downstream QAM modulators, upstream QAM demodulators, together with psuedowire logic to connect to the D-CMTS 230 using network packetized data.
  • the remote PHY device 290 and the D-CMTS 230 may include data and/or video interconnections, such as downstream data, downstream video, and upstream data 295 . It is noted that, in some embodiments, video traffic may go directly to the remote physical device thereby bypassing the D-CMTS 230 .
  • the remote PHY device 290 may covert downstream DOCSIS (i.e., Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) data (e.g., DOCSIS 1.0; 1.1; 2.0; 3.0; 3.1; and 4.0 each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety), video data, out of band signals received from the D-CMTS 230 to analog for transmission over RF or analog optics.
  • DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
  • the remote PHY device 290 may convert upstream DOCSIS, and out of band signals received from an analog medium, such as RF or analog optics, to digital for transmission to the D-CMTS 230 .
  • the R-PHY may move all or a portion of the DOC SIS MAC and/or PHY layers down to the fiber node.
  • the architecture of the hardware and/or software may be configured in the form of a plurality of different planes, each of which performs a different set of functionality.
  • the layered architecture may include different planes such as a management plane 300 , a control plane 310 , a data plane 320 , and switch fabric 330 to effectuate sending and receiving packets of data.
  • the management plane 300 may be generally considered as the user interaction or otherwise the general software application being run.
  • the management plane typically configures, monitors, and provides management, monitoring, and configuration served to all layers of the network stack and other portions of the system.
  • control plane 310 is a component to a switching function that often includes system configuration, management, and exchange of routing table information and forwarding information. Typically, the exchange of routing table information is performed relatively infrequently.
  • a route controller of the control plane 310 exchanges topology information with other switches and constructs a routing table based upon a routing protocol.
  • the control plane may also create a forwarding table for a forwarding engine.
  • the control plane may be thought of as the layer that makes decisions about where traffic is sent. Since the control functions are not performed on each arriving individual packet, they tend not to have a strict speed constraint.
  • the data plane 320 parses packet headers for switching, manages quality of service, filtering, medium access control, encapsulations, and/or queuing.
  • the data plane carries the data traffic, which may be substantial in the case of cable distribution networks.
  • the data plane may be thought of as the layer that primarily forwards traffic to the next hop along the path to the selected destination according to the control plane logic through the switch fabric.
  • the data plane tends to have strict speed constraints since it is performing functions on each arriving individual packet.
  • the switch fabric 330 provides a network topology to interconnect network nodes via one or more network switches.
  • the D-CMTS 400 may include a Downstream External PHY Interface (DEPI) 410 which is an Internet Protocol tunnel, generally referred to as a pseudowire 440 , that exists in the downstream direction between the DOCSIS MAC layer in the D-CMTS 400 and the remote fiber node 430 .
  • DEPI Downstream External PHY Interface
  • the pseudowire allows the IP network to carry a service without that service having to know the details of the IP network.
  • the IP tunnel may contain one or more pseudowires.
  • a converged interconnect network 420 may be used between the DOCSIS MAC layer in the D-CMTS 400 and the remote fiber node 430 , such as L2TPv3.
  • a DOC SIS service 450 may be provided between the D-CMTS and the cable modem/set top box 460 .
  • the packets of data being provided between the D-CMTS and the remote fiber node may include multiple channels.
  • the channels e.g., services
  • the data plane encapsulation of DEPI 410 may have, for example, two types of encapsulations.
  • One type of encapsulation is a D-MPT (DOCSIS MPEG Transport) which includes DOCSIS frames over MPEG over L2TP.
  • Another type of encapsulation includes PSP (Packet Streaming Protocol) which streams DOCSIS frames over L2TP.
  • an exemplary IP packet that contains L2TP is illustrated (generally referred to herein as a DEPI packet).
  • the outer layer 2 encapsulation may be Ethernet (e.g., ETH Header).
  • the next layer may be IPv4 or IPv6 as the layer 3 protocol (e.g., IP Header).
  • the next layer may be L2TP with the first field being a 32-bit session ID.
  • the L2TP session ID lines up with the same spot that a UDP Source and Destination ports would to allow existing packet filters that can filter on UDP ports to be able to filter on an L2TP session ID.
  • the L2TP session ID is all zeros then it is a control plane packet and if it is non-zero it is a data plane packet.
  • the L2TP sub-layer header may be user definable, including DEPI header information (e.g., DEPI Header) for the DOCSIS data. Other configurations may likewise be used, as desired.
  • the DEPI packet 600 includes an ETH Header 610 , an IP Header 620 , a L2TP Header 630 , a DEPI Header 640 , and a DOCSIS Data 650 .
  • the DOCSIS data 650 typically includes a MAC header 652 and a payload 654 to facilitate transmission of the payload 654 by the remote fiber node.
  • the remote fiber node 430 terminates the DEPI packet 600 and forms a DOCSIS packet based upon the DOCSIS data 650 that is then encoded for transmission to the cable modem/set top box 460 , such as using an analog QAM modulation provided to a coaxial cable interconnected to the cable modem/set top box 460 .
  • the termination of the DEPI packet 600 and the encoding of the DOCSIS data involves a series of computationally expensive processes.
  • the remote fiber node 430 receives the DEPI packet 700 which is stored in memory.
  • the remote fiber node 430 allocates a new buffer 710 having a sufficient size to store the DOCSIS data 650 therein.
  • the remote fiber node 430 copies 720 the DOCSIS data 650 to the new buffer 710 .
  • the remote fiber node 430 defines a buffer descriptor structure 730 that includes the copied DOCSIS data 720 which is encoded and transmitted to the corresponding cable modem/set top box 460 .
  • the incoming DEPI packet address of the start of the DOCSIS data may be 0x00010 660 .
  • the copied start of the DOCSIS data may be 0x00030 750 .
  • the size of the DOCSIS data may be 120 bytes 752 .
  • Other indications may be used to indicate the start of a packet and/or other indications may be used to indicate the end of a packet, as desired.
  • the new buffer 720 is freed up 740 for additional data.
  • the SOP and/or EOP may be in the form of a flag, if desired.
  • copying data to a new buffer tends to result in issues related to cache trash and consumes a substantial amount of computing resources.
  • the DOCSIS data 650 from one DEPI packet 600 may include data for multiple different channels, the data is typically defragmented and selectively transmitted to a corresponding set of cable modems/set top boxes 460 , which consumes a substantial amount of computing resources.
  • the copying of data from the incoming data buffer which may include cache memory associated with a processing core and/or non-cache memory, to the new buffer is a process that consumes a substantial amount of computational resources.
  • the processor accesses the incoming memory and the new buffer multiple times to complete the memory copy, which further consumes a substantial amount of computing resources.
  • the processor accesses the incoming memory and the new buffer multiple times to complete the memory copy, which further consumes a substantial amount of computing resources.
  • the problem of cache contention is exasperated.
  • a DOCSIS packet that (may include MPEG) on the fly without a memory copy based upon a direct memory access (DMA) technique to transfer the received DOCSIS data 650 to be encoded and transmitted to the corresponding cable modem/set top box 460 , which alleviates the need to copy the entire received DOCSIS data 650 .
  • DMA direct memory access
  • direct memory access permits selected hardware systems to access main system memory in a manner at least mostly independent of the central processor.
  • the central processor initiates the transfer with a direct memory access controller, then it performs other operations while the transfer is in process, and then the central processor receives an interrupt from the direct memory access controller when the transfer operation is completed.
  • the DEPI packet 800 includes an ETH Header 810 , an IP Header 820 , a L2TP Header 830 , a DEPI Header 840 , and DOCSIS data 850 .
  • the DOCSIS data 850 includes a MAC header 852 and a payload 854 to facilitate transmission of the payload 854 by the remote fiber node based upon the MAC header 852 .
  • the remote fiber node 430 terminates the DEPI packet 800 and forms a DOCSIS packet based upon the DOCSIS data 850 that is then encoded for transmission to the cable modem/set top box, such as using an analog QAM modulation provided to a coaxial cable interconnected to the cable modem/set top box.
  • the incoming DEPI packet address of the start of the DOCSIS data may be 0x00010 860 .
  • the DOCSIS data 850 defined by the buffer descriptor structure is encoded and transmitted to the corresponding cable modem/set top box 460 .
  • the computational efficiency of the computer system is increased, such as increasing the effective performance of the computing system, increase in the data forwarding rate, and a substantial reduction in cache trash.
  • the remote fiber node may support numerous kinds of services.
  • the services may include data traffic, video traffic, NDF traffic, DOCSIS 3.0 traffic, DOCSIS 3.1 traffic, out of band traffic, SCTE 55-1 traffic, and/or SCTE 55-2 traffic.
  • the remote fiber node that typically includes one or more field programmable gate arrays, is preferably provided data in the DEPI packet indicating which type of service the DOCSIS data is associated with. By providing an indication of the type of service, the field programmable gate array(s) of the remote fiber node can switch to an appropriate data path to provide an appropriate service to an appropriate cable modem/set top box in a more efficient manner.
  • one technique to provide an indication of the associated type of service for the DOCSIS data 850 is prepending an internal header 900 before the DOCSIS data 850 .
  • the DEPI header 840 is no longer necessary for being provided to the cable modem/set top box.
  • the internal header 900 preferably overwrites at least a portion of the DEPI header 840 .
  • the starting address for the DOCSIS data 850 may be 0x00210 910 .
  • the starting address for the internal header 900 may be 0x00200 920 .
  • the DOCSIS data 850 plus internal header 900 defined by the buffer descriptor structure 930 is encoded and transmitted to the corresponding cable modem/set top box 460 . As a result, the computational efficiency of the computer system is further increased.
  • a single DEPI packet 1000 may include a plurality of DOCSIS data packets 1010 , 1012 , etc.
  • Each of the DOCSIS data packets 1010 e.g., 120 bytes
  • 1012 e.g., 100 bytes
  • the DEPI header provides the information indicating the service for each of the DOCSIS data packets, such as the number of packets, which channel for each of the packets, the length of each of the packets, etc. As a result, the computational efficiency of the computer system is further increased.
  • each DOCSIS data which may be directed to the same or different service, is included in a different buffer descriptor. It may also be observed that the system provides different addresses of the same packet buffer in different buffer descriptors for respective DOCSIS data packets. It is further desirable to include a reference count of the number of DOCSIS data packets included with the packet buffer. Each time a DOCSIS data packet is encoded and transmitted based upon a buffer descriptor, the reference count is decreased by 1. When the buffer count reaches zero, the memory associated with the packet buffer is freed so it can be reused for subsequent packet(s) processing.
  • a single DOCSIS data packet may be fragmented across multiple DEPI packets.
  • a series of DEPI packets may be received by the remote fiber node where the one DOCSIS data packet for a cable modem/set top box is fragmented across multiple DEPI packets.
  • the DOCSIS data packet may be the combination of the first DOCSIS data segment of 40 bytes 1100 , the second DOCSIS data segment of 1400 bytes 1102 , and the third DOC SIS data segment of 80 bytes 1104 for a particular service.
  • the respective DEPI headers provides the information indicating the service for each of the DOCSIS data packets, such as the number of packets, which channel for each of the packets, the length of each of the packets, etc. As a result, the computational efficiency of the computer system is further increased.
  • each functional block or various features in each of the aforementioned embodiments may be implemented or executed by a circuitry, which is typically an integrated circuit or a plurality of integrated circuits.
  • the circuitry designed to execute the functions described in the present specification may comprise a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific or general application integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, or a discrete hardware component, or a combination thereof.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or alternatively, the processor may be a conventional processor, a controller, a microcontroller or a state machine.
  • the general-purpose processor or each circuit described above may be configured by a digital circuit or may be configured by an analogue circuit. Further, when a technology of making into an integrated circuit superseding integrated circuits at the present time appears due to advancement of a semiconductor technology, the integrated circuit by this technology is also able to be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
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