US20210252152A1 - Near-infrared (nir) absorbing photosensitizers - Google Patents

Near-infrared (nir) absorbing photosensitizers Download PDF

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US20210252152A1
US20210252152A1 US16/973,435 US201816973435A US2021252152A1 US 20210252152 A1 US20210252152 A1 US 20210252152A1 US 201816973435 A US201816973435 A US 201816973435A US 2021252152 A1 US2021252152 A1 US 2021252152A1
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alkyl
aryl derivatives
derivatives
aryl
possible alkyl
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Gorkem GUNBAS
Safacan KOLEMEN
Osman KARAMAN
Gizem ATAKAN
Toghrul ALMAMMADOV
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Koc Universitesi
Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi
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Koc Universitesi
Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
    • A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
    • A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F17/00—Metallocenes
    • C07F17/02—Metallocenes of metals of Groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic System
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
    • C07F5/022—Boron compounds without C-boron linkages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
    • C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
    • C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
    • C07F7/0814—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring is substituted at a C ring atom by Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
    • C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
    • C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
    • C07F7/0816—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring comprising Si as a ring atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6581—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6584—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms having one phosphorus atom as ring hetero atom

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to photosensitizers to be used for imaging and treatment of cancer by using photodynamic therapy (PDT).
  • PDT photodynamic therapy
  • Photodynamic therapy is a treatment that uses special drugs, called photosensitizing agents, along with light to kill cancer cells.
  • the drugs only work after they have been activated or turned on by certain kinds of light.
  • PDT therapeutic action is satisfied by the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) upon irradiation of well-designed PDT agents (photosensitizers or drugs) by light.
  • Singlet oxygen is the excited form of molecular oxygen (3O2) and it is cytotoxic due to its high reactivity towards vital biomolecules.
  • PDT also restricts the flow of nutrients and oxygen to cancer cells by disturbing the vasculatures around tumor regions and at the same time activates the immune system against cancer cells.
  • the advantages and importance of PDT are more pronounced when it is compared with widely used conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
  • PDT When considered from this aspect; PDT is highly promising, however its broader applicability in clinical treatments is restricted due to some problems. The most important one is the limited penetration of the irradiation light through tissues, which leaves the deeper tumors out from the scope of PDT. Studies have shown that red or near-IR (NIR) absorbing PDT agents should be employed to get the best penetration depth and to avoid the absorption of incoming light by biomolecules. Although, a very wide range of well-known fluorescent probe cores have been converted to PDT agents, red and near-IR absorbing PDT agents are still rare.
  • NIR near-IR
  • the second major problem of the PDT is the oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) in cancer cells.
  • hypoxia oxygen deficiency
  • singlet oxygen generation is highly dependent on oxygen, which decreases the efficacy of the treatment on hypoxic cancer cells.
  • further oxygen consumption of PDT agents aggravates tumor hypoxia.
  • some of the signaling pathways (ex: HIF-1) are turned-on under severe hypoxia and cause angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis of hypoxic cancer cells.
  • the third problem that PDT should overcome is the selective generation of singlet oxygen only in cancer cells without giving harm to healthy cells by employing water soluble and activatable drugs.
  • BODIPY dipyrrometheneboron difluoride
  • resorufin cores have been extensively used as fluorescent agents for bio-imaging during the last decades, but have not been employed in PDT studies.
  • Resorufin skeleton is quite suitable for PDT applications as it is intrinsically red-absorbing without any modification, photostable and water-soluble.
  • enzyme activated resorufin based PDT agents and BODIPY based PDT agents are synthesized to use in treatment of cancer.
  • the invention is about new photosensitizers for wide variety of cancer cells treatment by using photodynamic therapy. These photosensitizers can be activated with wavelengths of light that can penetrate through the body not just skin. Hence the present invention aims to transform PDT from being a specialized treatment to a generally applicable one. PDT is almost completely non-invasive compared to current treatment methods. Additionally due to its non-invasive nature treatment, it can be performed with much shorter intervals compared to chemotherapy. From the perspective of financials, it is known that chemotherapy reagents are expensive.
  • the photosensitizers developed in this invention designed in a way that target compounds can be attained with very small number of steps with cost effective reagents/reactants.
  • FIG. 1 Absorption of selenophene-substituted BODIPY derivative.
  • BODIPY based and resorufin based photosensitizers are synthesized for use in photodynamic therapy of cancer.
  • sensitizers are modified with selenophene (Se-BOD) or iodo-selenophene (SeI-BOD) units at 2 and 6 positions of the BODIPY core in order to facilitate intersystem crossing (ISC) upon external light irradiation as a result of heavy atom (selenium or selenium (Se) and iodine (I)) mediated spin-orbit coupling.
  • ISC intersystem crossing
  • Te selenium
  • I iodine
  • BODIPY derivatives absorb red-light around 650 nm and highly water soluble with the help of methyl pyridinium moeties such that only 0.1% DMSO as a co-solvent is needed to get clear solutions.
  • Methyl pyridinium groups contribute to three important issues.
  • the system described here in this invention is a patient ready cancer treatment PDT drug.
  • Fluorescence quantum yield of the sensitizers (8.5% for Se-BOD) are low as ISC pathway is active.
  • Singlet oxygen quantum yield for Se-BOD was calculated as 18% in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4, 10 mM) with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • N-bromosuccinimide N-bromosuccinimide
  • N-iodosuccinimide N-iodosuccinimide
  • CH 2 Cl 2 a solution of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in CH 2 Cl 2 is added. Reaction mixture is stirred for 12-24 h at 0-40° C. and washed with water and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ). Purification is performed by column chromatography to yield Compound 5.
  • heavy atoms are used in the synthesis of photosensitizer derivatives. Presence of heavy atoms is a requirement for a PDT drug. Once the sensitizers are excited with light to a singlet excited state presence of heavy atoms results in inter system crossing and a triplet excited state is generated. This triplet excited states is responsible for the generation of triplet oxygen from the oxygen present in the cells. Iodine as a heavy atom favors inter-system crossing by itself. In this invention, the aim is to increase the number of heavy atoms on the BODIPY core in order to increase the singlet oxygen generation yield of the drug synthesized in this invention through synergistic effect of selenium and iodine.
  • PDT Upon generation of singlet oxygen, it reacts with vital bio-molecules causing oxidative damage, which results in cell death. In addition to direct killing of cancer cells, PDT also restricts the follow of nutrients and oxygen to cancer cells by damaging the vasculatures around tumor regions and at the same time activates immune system against cancer cells.
  • Resorufin derivatives are introduced as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer for the first time in this invention.
  • Iodine is incorporated to the core structure as a heavy atom in order to favor ISC.
  • These resorufin-based sensitizers are enzyme activated in such a way that cytotoxicity can only be observed in cancer cells.
  • PDT agent a sugar cage group ⁇ -D-galactopyranoside is attached to the iodinated-resorufin core and this modification shifted the absorption maximum of the drug to 500 nm.
  • PDT drug functions are similar, but the cage group is replaced by a propanamine, which can be selectively cleaved by monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme.
  • the PDT drug does not show any cytotoxicity in health cells, but it is highly cytotoxic in cancer cells upon 600 nm irradiation.
  • a new fluorophore core, silicon-substituted resorufin (Turkey Red) is designed and synthesized in this invention. It has red shifted absorption and emission signals compared to conventional resorufin (oxygen-substituted resorufin).
  • This new core is also converted to a cytotoxic photosensitizer for PDT applications simply by decorating the core structure with heavy atoms such as bromine or iodine.
  • 4,4′-azanediyldiphenol is brominated with NBS (2-4 equivalents) in acetonitrile at ( ⁇ 10) ⁇ 25° C. The mixture is stirred for 2-8 hours. Solvent is removed and the residue is dissolved in THF. The mixture is filtered through Celite and purified by column chromatography to give the dibrominated product 4,4′-azanediylbis(3-bromophenol).
  • 4,4′-azanediylbis(3-bromophenol) is treated with sodium hydride (NaH, 4-6 equivalents) in DMF at ( ⁇ 10) ⁇ 25° C. Mixture is stirred for 1-2 hours and then benzyl bromide (4-6 equivalents) is added and the mixture is heated to 70-100° C. for 4-18 hours. Water is added and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether (Et 2 O). The solvent is evaporated and the product shown in below is attained by column chromatography.
  • N-benzyl-4-(benzyloxy)-N-(4-(benzyloxy)-2-bromophenyl)-2-bromoaniline N-benzyl-4-(benzyloxy)-N-(4-(benzyloxy)-2-bromophenyl)-2-bromoaniline is dissolved in Et 2 O and the mixture is cooled to ⁇ 80° C. to ⁇ 20° C. n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) is added and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour. Then dichloro(dimethyl)silane (SiMe 2 Cl 2 ) is added and the mixture is gradually warmed to room temperature. Et 2 O and water are added into the mixture and the organic phase is separated.
  • 10,10-dimethyl-5,10-dihydrodibenzo[b,e][1,4]azasiline-2,8-diol is dissolved in DCM. Pyridine is added and the mixture is cooled to ( ⁇ 20) ⁇ 10° C. Trifilic anhydride is then added and the mixture is stirred for 1-4 hours. The mixture is diluted with DCM and washed with water. The organic solvent is evaporated and the product shown in below is attained.
  • N-benzyl-4-(benzyloxy)-N-(4-(benzyloxy)-2-bromophenyl)-2-bromoaniline was dissolved in Et20 and the mixture was cooled to ⁇ 80 to ⁇ 20° C.
  • n-BuLi was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour.
  • PPhCl2 was added and the mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature.
  • H 2 O 2 was added and the mixture was stirred for 1-3 hours.
  • EtOAc was added and water was added the organic phase was separated. Solvent was evaporated and the residue purified by column chromatography to give the title compound.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114230595A (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-03-25 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 带正电的bodipy光敏剂及其制备方法与应用

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WO2021092035A1 (en) 2019-11-07 2021-05-14 Singular Genomics Systems, Inc. Silicon containing detectable compounds and uses thereof
JPWO2022260163A1 (de) * 2021-06-10 2022-12-15
CN114262432B (zh) * 2022-01-11 2022-11-18 苏州大学 一种近红外纳米光敏剂及其制备方法和应用

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CN103232483B (zh) * 2013-04-15 2016-02-24 中国科学院化学研究所 二吡咯硼烷类化合物（bodipy）及其制备方法和应用
CN106188113B (zh) * 2016-07-12 2018-09-18 江苏师范大学 一种酸响应水溶性近红外bodipy光敏剂及制备方法

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Title
Wang et al. "DNA Photocleavage by a Cationic BODIPY Dye through Both Singlet Oxygen and Hydroxyl Radical: New Insight into the Photodynamic Mechanism of BODIPYs", ChemPhysChem 2012, 13, 2739 – 2747 (Year: 2012) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114230595A (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-03-25 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 带正电的bodipy光敏剂及其制备方法与应用

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WO2020005172A9 (en) 2021-07-01
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WO2020005172A2 (en) 2020-01-02
WO2020005172A3 (en) 2020-06-18

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