US20210100918A1 - Intrathecal Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 9 - Google Patents
Intrathecal Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 9 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210100918A1 US20210100918A1 US17/102,291 US202017102291A US2021100918A1 US 20210100918 A1 US20210100918 A1 US 20210100918A1 US 202017102291 A US202017102291 A US 202017102291A US 2021100918 A1 US2021100918 A1 US 2021100918A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- raav
- aav
- disease
- cells
- genome
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 241000649044 Adeno-associated virus 9 Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000702421 Dependoparvovirus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 208000002320 spinal muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000025966 Neurological disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013608 rAAV vector Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000234 capsid Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 208000005264 motor neuron disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 206010053185 Glycogen storage disease type II Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 208000032007 Glycogen storage disease due to acid maltase deficiency Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 201000004502 glycogen storage disease II Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 102100033448 Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase Human genes 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000015439 Lysosomal storage disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000022074 proximal spinal muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 65
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 38
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 33
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000005090 green fluorescent protein Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 21
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 19
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 102000004144 Green Fluorescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 17
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 17
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 210000002161 motor neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 11
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 101000617738 Homo sapiens Survival motor neuron protein Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 102100021244 Integral membrane protein GPR180 Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 102100021947 Survival motor neuron protein Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 208000008955 Mucolipidoses Diseases 0.000 description 8
- NTHXOOBQLCIOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iohexol Chemical compound OCC(O)CN(C(=O)C)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I NTHXOOBQLCIOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 229960001025 iohexol Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 108090000565 Capsid Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102100023321 Ceruloplasmin Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108091027967 Small hairpin RNA Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 free radical superoxide anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 208000001905 GM2 Gangliosidoses Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 201000008905 GM2 gangliosidosis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 102000034615 Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108091010837 Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 5
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008488 polyadenylation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004055 small Interfering RNA Substances 0.000 description 5
- 108010058699 Choline O-acetyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100023460 Choline O-acetyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 206010072927 Mucolipidosis type I Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001130 astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001476 gene delivery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108091070501 miRNA Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000002679 microRNA Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000337 motor cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 208000005340 mucopolysaccharidosis III Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 241000580270 Adeno-associated virus - 4 Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102100022548 Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101001045440 Homo sapiens Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000023105 Huntington disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010056886 Mucopolysaccharidosis I Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010025020 Nerve Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000006289 Rett Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000021811 Sandhoff disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000133 brain stem Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002594 fluoroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000185 intracerebroventricular administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002330 subarachnoid space Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001228 trophic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000972680 Adeno-associated virus - 6 Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001164825 Adeno-associated virus - 8 Species 0.000 description 2
- 102100038238 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000002804 Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010004586 Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000004219 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000715 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010005939 Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100031614 Ciliary neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000701022 Cytomegalovirus Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010011985 Decubitus ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101000834253 Gallus gallus Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010053317 Hexosaminidase A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000016871 Hexosaminidase A Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 2
- AMDBBAQNWSUWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ioversol Chemical compound OCCN(C(=O)CO)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I AMDBBAQNWSUWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004058 Leukemia inhibitory factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000581 Leukemia inhibitory factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000282567 Macaca fascicularis Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000035051 Malignant migrating focal seizures of infancy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000026072 Motor neurone disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010072928 Mucolipidosis type II Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010028095 Mucopolysaccharidosis IV Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000028781 Mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000015336 Nerve Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000001738 Nervous System Trauma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000002537 Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000004230 Neurotrophin 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000742 Neurotrophin 3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000099 Neurotrophin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100033857 Neurotrophin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000095 Neurotrophin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000008299 Nitric Oxide Synthase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010021487 Nitric Oxide Synthase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100035220 Plastin-3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710081133 Plastin-3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010038512 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000010780 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000004756 Respiratory Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000013608 Salla disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000828 Sialic Acid Storage Disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000008221 Superoxide Dismutase-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010021188 Superoxide Dismutase-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700019146 Transgenes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000030886 Traumatic Brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010039203 Tripeptidyl-Peptidase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100034197 Tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylcholine Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004373 acetylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001640 apoptogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010006025 bovine growth hormone Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000029028 brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940077737 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010166 immunofluorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004108 iobitridol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YLPBXIKWXNRACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iobitridol Chemical compound OCC(O)CN(C)C(=O)C1=C(I)C(NC(=O)C(CO)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)N(C)CC(O)CO)=C1I YLPBXIKWXNRACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000780 iomeprol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NJKDOADNQSYQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iomeprol Chemical compound OCC(=O)N(C)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I NJKDOADNQSYQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004647 iopamidol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XQZXYNRDCRIARQ-LURJTMIESA-N iopamidol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(=O)NC1=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C1I XQZXYNRDCRIARQ-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000824 iopentol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IUNJANQVIJDFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iopentol Chemical compound COCC(O)CN(C(C)=O)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I IUNJANQVIJDFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002603 iopromide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DGAIEPBNLOQYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iopromide Chemical compound COCC(=O)NC1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)N(C)CC(O)CO)=C1I DGAIEPBNLOQYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004537 ioversol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002611 ioxilan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UUMLTINZBQPNGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ioxilan Chemical compound OCC(O)CN(C(=O)C)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCCO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I UUMLTINZBQPNGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009593 lumbar puncture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002025 microglial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000020460 mucolipidosis II alpha/beta Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000036710 mucopolysaccharidosis type 3A Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000036709 mucopolysaccharidosis type 3B Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000036707 mucopolysaccharidosis type 3C Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000036725 mucopolysaccharidosis type 3D Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940053128 nerve growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000028412 nervous system injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940032018 neurotrophin 3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000004193 respiratory failure Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000011808 rodent model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150062190 sod1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003656 tris buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- HWPZZUQOWRWFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcytosine Chemical compound CN1C=CC(N)=NC1=O HWPZZUQOWRWFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2N1 FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013607 AAV vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001655883 Adeno-associated virus - 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000202702 Adeno-associated virus - 3 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001634120 Adeno-associated virus - 5 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001164823 Adeno-associated virus - 7 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000649045 Adeno-associated virus 10 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000649046 Adeno-associated virus 11 Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000029602 Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002109 Argyria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010068220 Aspartylglucosaminuria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033436 CLN6 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100450705 Caenorhabditis elegans hif-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150044789 Cap gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001133757 Carpentaria Species 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 241000237970 Conus <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000003883 Cystic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010011777 Cystinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000004543 DNA replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011518 Danon disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010053770 Deoxyribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016911 Deoxyribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100031675 DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283074 Equus asinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700024394 Exon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000024720 Fabry Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001948 Farber Lipogranulomatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033149 Farber disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000018233 Fibroblast Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050007372 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016970 Follistatin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014612 Follistatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000008892 GM1 Gangliosidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100027346 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710094136 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000017462 Galactosialidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015872 Gaucher disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000053171 Glial Fibrillary Acidic Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710193519 Glial fibrillary acidic protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000010915 Glioblastoma multiforme Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010055 Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000001500 Glycogen Storage Disease Type IIb Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035148 Glycogen storage disease due to LAMP-2 deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000845893 Homo sapiens DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000619542 Homo sapiens E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000599951 Homo sapiens Insulin-like growth factor I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000808011 Homo sapiens Vascular endothelial growth factor A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000015178 Hurler syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015204 Hurler-Scheie syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108700037017 Hyaluronidase Deficiency Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000005503 Hyaluronidase deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000521 Immunophilins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010016648 Immunophilins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000026350 Inborn Genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004218 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037852 Insulin-like growth factor I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoflurane Chemical compound FC(F)OC(Cl)C(F)(F)F PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ketamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1C1(NC)CCCCC1=O YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000028226 Krabbe disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035752 Live birth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 201000011442 Metachromatic leukodystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010072929 Mucolipidosis type III Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010072930 Mucolipidosis type IV Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100026502 Mucolipin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000002678 Mucopolysaccharidoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010056893 Mucopolysaccharidosis VII Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000149 Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035032 Multiple sulfatase deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028289 Muscle atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930193140 Neomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 102000007072 Nerve Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000014413 Neuregulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050003475 Neuregulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000029726 Neurodevelopmental disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000003683 Neurotrophin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000014060 Niemann-Pick disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000010410 Nogo Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010077641 Nogo Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700026244 Open Reading Frames Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000033952 Paralysis flaccid Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100036660 Persephin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000012288 Phosphopyruvate Hydratase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022181 Phosphopyruvate Hydratase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000037006 Progressive epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome, Finnish type Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000125945 Protoparvovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100409194 Rattus norvegicus Ppargc1b gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FTALBRSUTCGOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Riluzole Chemical compound C1=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C2SC(N)=NC2=C1 FTALBRSUTCGOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000025816 Sanfilippo syndrome type A Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025820 Sanfilippo syndrome type B Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025802 Sanfilippo syndrome type C Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025804 Sanfilippo syndrome type D Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002883 Scheie syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000007562 Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010071390 Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000017460 Sialidosis type 2 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004682 Single-Stranded DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000001828 Sly syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004598 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010003165 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150113275 Smn gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000013275 Somatomedins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000002105 Southern blotting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010042566 Superinfection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282894 Sus scrofa domesticus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000019355 Synuclein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050006783 Synuclein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700001567 Type I Schindler Disease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091000117 Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000048218 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035075 Tyrosine decarboxylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010073929 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020005202 Viral DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000026589 Wolman disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000038627 Zinc finger transcription factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007916 Zinc finger transcription factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000008333 alpha-mannosidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alprazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940124277 aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002226 anterior horn cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000576 arachnoid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003376 axonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000006486 beta-mannosidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008436 biogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015114 central nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000031406 ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 4 (Kufs type) Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024042 cholesterol ester storage disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013760 cholesteryl ester storage disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091012374 cytosine binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002638 denervation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009509 drug development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010057988 ecdysone receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HQPMKSGTIOYHJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCCO.CC(O)CO HQPMKSGTIOYHJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000028331 flaccid paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000008049 fucosidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009395 genetic defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000016361 genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005046 glial fibrillary acidic protein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000005017 glioblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000008977 glycoproteinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004884 grey matter Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000053565 human SMN1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000058223 human VEGFA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000984 immunochemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940072221 immunoglobulins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011532 immunohistochemical staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012744 immunostaining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007901 in situ hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002725 isoflurane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000017476 juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003299 ketamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000025014 late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005240 left ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005265 lung cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009126 molecular therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000921 morphogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000007769 mucolipidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020468 mucolipidosis III alpha/beta Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028093 mucopolysaccharidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002273 mucopolysaccharidosis II Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012253 mucopolysaccharidosis IVA Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022018 mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025919 mucopolysaccharidosis type 7 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012226 mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012227 mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012224 mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027333 mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012091 mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000020763 muscle atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004220 muscle function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000000585 muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004165 myocardium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004927 neomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004126 nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001703 neuroimmune Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000008051 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007607 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 3 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007638 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007635 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8 northern epilepsy variant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004112 neuroprotection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003900 neurotrophic factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940097998 neurotrophin 4 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000103 occipital bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004248 oligodendroglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003487 olivary nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036542 oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000045222 parkin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001412 pentobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WEXRUCMBJFQVBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentobarbital Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O WEXRUCMBJFQVBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CMFNMSMUKZHDEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M peroxynitrite Chemical compound [O-]ON=O CMFNMSMUKZHDEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010070453 persephin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001993 poloxamer 188 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001566 pro-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004134 propofol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propofol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1O OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000449 purkinje cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000010108 pycnodysostosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003753 real-time PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022532 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150066583 rep gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036387 respiratory rate Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000005245 right atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004181 riluzole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004116 schwann cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000011985 sialidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULVBNYNCYNALAV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecyl sulfate;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound [Na+].NC(=O)C=C.CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O ULVBNYNCYNALAV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003594 spinal ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940052907 telazol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005100 tissue tropism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003146 transient transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000701447 unidentified baculovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001529453 unidentified herpesvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N uroanthelone Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003501 vero cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000021542 voluntary musculoskeletal movement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004885 white matter Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/0075—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the delivery route, e.g. oral, subcutaneous
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/0008—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/04—X-ray contrast preparations
- A61K49/0433—X-ray contrast preparations containing an organic halogenated X-ray contrast-enhancing agent
- A61K49/0438—Organic X-ray contrast-enhancing agent comprising an iodinated group or an iodine atom, e.g. iopamidol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P21/04—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system for myasthenia gravis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2750/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssDNA viruses
- C12N2750/00011—Details
- C12N2750/14011—Parvoviridae
- C12N2750/14111—Dependovirus, e.g. adenoassociated viruses
- C12N2750/14141—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2750/14143—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to Adeno-associated virus type 9 methods and materials useful for intrathecal delivery (i.e., delivery into the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord) of polynucleotides.
- Use of the methods and materials is indicated, for example, for treatment of lower motor neuron diseases such as SMA and ALS as well as Pompe disease and lysosomal storage disorders.
- BBB blood-brain-barrier
- 98% of small-molecules cannot penetrate this barrier, thereby limiting drug development efforts for many CNS disorders [Pardridge, W. M. Nat Rev Drug Discov 1: 131-139 (2002)].
- Gene delivery has recently been proposed as a method to bypass the BBB [Kaspar, et al., Science 301: 839-842 (2003)]; however, widespread delivery to the brain and spinal cord has been challenging.
- the development of successful gene therapies for motor neuron disease will likely require widespread transduction within the spinal cord and motor cortex.
- SMA spinal muscular atrophy
- ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Recent work in rodent models of SMA and ALS involves gene delivery using viruses that are retrogradely transported following intramuscular injection [Kaspar et al., Science 301: 839-842 (2003); Azzouz et al., J Clin Invest 114: 1726-1731 (2004); Azzouz et al., Nature 429: 413-417 (2004); Ralph et al., Nat Med 11: 429-433 (2005)].
- AAV vectors have also been used in a number of recent clinical trials for neurological disorders, demonstrating sustained transgene expression, a relatively safe profile, and promising functional responses, yet have required surgical intraparenchymal injections [Kaplitt et al., Lancet 369: 2097-2105 (2007); Marks et al., Lancet Neurol 7: 400-408 (2008); Worgall et al., Hum Gene Ther (2008)].
- SMA is an early pediatric neurodegenerative disorder characterized by flaccid paralysis within the first six months of life. In the most severe cases of the disease, paralysis leads to respiratory failure and death usually by two years of age. SMA is the second most common pediatric autosomal recessive disorder behind cystic fibrosis with an incidence of 1 in 6000 live births. SMA is a genetic disorder characterized by the loss of lower motor neurons (LMNs) residing along the length of the entire spinal cord. SMA is caused by a reduction in the expression of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein that results in denervation of skeletal muscle and significant muscle atrophy. SMN is a ubiquitously expressed protein that functions in U snRNP biogenesis.
- SMN1 and SMN2 In humans there are two very similar copies of the SMN gene termed SMN1 and SMN2. The amino acid sequence encoded by the two genes is identical. However, there is a single, silent nucleotide change in SMN2 in exon 7 that results in exon 7 being excluded in 80-90% of transcripts from SMN2. The resulting truncated protein, called SMN ⁇ 7, is less stable and rapidly degraded. The remaining 10-20% of transcript from SMN2 encodes the full length SMN protein. Disease results when all copies of SMN1 are lost, leaving only SMN2 to generate full length SMN protein. Accordingly, SMN2 acts as a phenotypic modifier in SMA in that patients with a higher SMN2 copy number generally exhibit later onset and less severe disease.
- ALS is another disease that results in loss of muscle and/or muscle function.
- Charcot in 1869 it is a prevalent, adult-onset neurodegenerative disease affecting nearly 5 out of 100,000 individuals.
- ALS occurs when specific nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary movement gradually degenerate.
- the loss of these motor neurons leads to progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles, which results in loss of muscular function resulting in paralysis, speech deficits, and death due to respiratory failure.
- SOD-1 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase
- SMA and ALS are two of the most common motor neuron diseases.
- Recent work in rodent models of SMA and ALS has examined treatment by gene delivery using viruses that are retrogradedly transported following intramuscular injection. See Azzouz et al., J. Clin. Invest., 114: 1726-1731 (2004); Kaspar et al., Science, 301: 839-842 (2003); Azzouz et al., Nature, 429: 413-417 (2004) and Ralph et al., Nature Medicine, 11: 429-433 (2005). Clinical use of such treatments may be difficult given the numerous injections required to target neurodegeneration throughout the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex.
- Adeno-associated virus is a replication-deficient parvovirus, the single-stranded DNA genome of which is about 4.7 kb in length including 145 nucleotide inverted terminal repeat (ITRs).
- ITRs nucleotide inverted terminal repeat
- AAV2 AAV serotype 2
- Cis-acting sequences directing viral DNA replication (rep), encapsidation/packaging and host cell chromosome integration are contained within the ITRs.
- AAV promoters Three AAV promoters (named p5, p19, and p40 for their relative map locations) drive the expression of the two AAV internal open reading frames encoding rep and cap genes.
- the two rep promoters (p5 and p19), coupled with the differential splicing of the single AAV intron (at nucleotides 2107 and 2227), result in the production of four rep proteins (rep 78, rep 68, rep 52, and rep 40) from the rep gene.
- Rep proteins possess multiple enzymatic properties that are ultimately responsible for replicating the viral genome.
- the cap gene is expressed from the p40 promoter and it encodes the three capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3.
- AAV possesses unique features that make it attractive as a vector for delivering foreign DNA to cells, for example, in gene therapy.
- AAV infection of cells in culture is noncytopathic, and natural infection of humans and other animals is silent and asymptomatic.
- AAV infects many mammalian cells allowing the possibility of targeting many different tissues in vivo.
- AAV transduces slowly dividing and non-dividing cells, and can persist essentially for the lifetime of those cells as a transcriptionally active nuclear episome (extrachromosomal element).
- the AAV proviral genome is infectious as cloned DNA in plasmids which makes construction of recombinant genomes feasible.
- the signals directing AAV replication, genome encapsidation and integration are contained within the ITRs of the AAV genome, some or all of the internal approximately 4.3 kb of the genome (encoding replication and structural capsid proteins, rep-cap) may be replaced with foreign DNA such as a gene cassette containing a promoter, a DNA of interest and a polyadenylation signal.
- the rep and cap proteins may be provided in trans.
- Another significant feature of AAV is that it is an extremely stable and hearty virus. It easily withstands the conditions used to inactivate adenovirus (56° to 65° C. for several hours), making cold preservation of AAV less critical. AAV may even be lyophilized. Finally, AAV-infected cells are not resistant to superinfection.
- serotypes of AAV exist and offer varied tissue tropism.
- Known serotypes include, for example, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10 and AAV11.
- AAV9 is described in U.S. Patent No. 7,198,951 and in Gao et al., J. Virol., 78: 6381-6388 (2004).
- Advances in the delivery of AAV6 and AAV8 have made possible the transduction by these serotypes of skeletal and cardiac muscle following simple systemic intravenous or intraperitoneal injections. See Pacak et al., Circ.
- the present invention provides methods and materials useful for intrathecal delivery of polynucleotides to the central nervous system using recombinant a recombinant AAV9 (rAAV9) as a vector.
- rAAV9 recombinant AAV9
- the invention provides methods of delivering a polynucleotide to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof comprising intrathecal delivery of rAAV9 and a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent to the patient, wherein the rAAV9 comprises a self-complementary genome including the polynucleotide.
- the polynucleotide is delivered to, for example, the brain, the spinal cord, a glial cell, an astrocyte and/or a lower motor neuron.
- the non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent is, for example, iobitridol, iohexol, iomeprol, iopamidol, iopentol, iopromide, ioversol or ioxilan.
- the polynucleotide is a survival motor neuron (SMN) polynucleotide.
- the invention also provides methods of treating a neurological disease in a patient in need thereof comprising intrathecal delivery of a rAAV9 and a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent to the patient, wherein the rAAV9 comprises a self-complementary genome including a therapeutic polynucleotide.
- the neurological disease is, for example, a neurodegenerative disease such as spinal muscular atrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
- the therapeutic polynucleotide is, for example, an SMN polynucleotide.
- the SMN polynucleotide is delivered, for example, to the brain, the spinal cord, a glial cell, an astrocyte and/or a lower motor neuron.
- the non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent is, for example, iobitridol, iohexol, iomeprol, iopamidol, iopentol, iopromide, ioversol or ioxilan.
- the invention provides a method for intrathecal delivery of a polynucleotide to the central nervous system of a patient comprising administering a rAAV9 with a genome including the polynucleotide.
- a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent is also administered to the patient.
- the non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent increases transduction of target cells in the central nervous system of the patient.
- the rAAV9 genome is a self-complementary genome. In other embodiments, the rAAV9 genome is a single-stranded genome.
- the polynucleotide is delivered to brain. Areas of the brain contemplated for delivery include, but are not limited to, the motor cortex and the brain stem. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is delivered to the spinal cord. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is delivered to a lower motor neuron.
- Embodiments of the invention employ rAAV9 to deliver polynucleotides to nerve and glial cells. In some embodiments, the glial cell is a microglial cell, an oligodendrocyte or an astrocyte. In some embodiments, the rAAV9 is used to deliver a polynucleotide to a Schwann cell.
- Lysosomal storage disorders include, but are not limited to, Activator Deficiency/GM2 Gangliosidosis, Alpha-mannosidosis, Aspartylglucosaminuria, Cholesteryl ester storage disease, Chronic Hexosaminidase A Deficiency, Cystinosis, Danon disease, Fabry disease, Farber disease, Fucosidosis, Galactosialidosis, Gaucher Disease (Type I, Type II, Type III), GM1 gangliosidosis (Infantile, Late infantile/Juvenile, Adult/Chronic), I-Cell disease/Mucolipidosis II, Infantile Free Sialic Acid Storage Disease/ISSD, Juvenile Hexosaminidase A Deficiency
- use of the methods and materials is indicated for treatment of nervous system disease such as Rett Syndrome, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, or for treatment of nervous system injury including spinal cord and brain trauma/injury, stroke, and brain cancers.
- nervous system disease such as Rett Syndrome, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease
- nervous system injury including spinal cord and brain trauma/injury, stroke, and brain cancers.
- the invention provides rAAV genomes.
- the rAAV genomes comprise one or more AAV ITRs flanking a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (including, but not limited to, an SMN polypeptide) or encoding siRNA, shRNA, antisense, and/or miRNA directed at mutated proteins or control sequences of their genes.
- the polynucleotide is operatively linked to transcriptional control DNAs, specifically promoter DNA and polyadenylation signal sequence DNA that are functional in target cells to form a gene cassette.
- the gene cassette may also include intron sequences to facilitate processing of an RNA transcript when expressed in mammalian cells.
- the rAAV9 genome encodes a trophic or protective factor for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including but not limited to Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease along with nervous system injury including spinal cord and brain trauma/injury, stroke, and brain cancers.
- Non-limiting examples of known nervous system growth factors include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), neurotrophin-6 (NT-6), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), the fibroblast growth factor family (e.g., FGF's 1-15), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), certain members of the insulin-like growth factor family (e.g., IGF-1), the neurturins, persephin, the bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), the immunophilins, the transforming growth factor (TGF) family of growth factors, the neuregulins, epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor family (e.g.
- NGF nerve growth factor
- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- NT-3 neurotrophin-3
- NT-4/5 neurotrophin-6
- VEGF 165 vascular endothelial growth factor 165
- follistatin Hif1, and others.
- zinc finger transcription factors that regulate each of the trophic or protective factors contemplated herein.
- methods to modulate neuro-immune function are contemplated, including but not limited to, inhibition of microglial and astroglial activation through, for example, NFkB inhibition, or NFkB for neuroprotection (dual action of NFkB and associated pathways in different cell types) by siRNA, shRNA, antisense, or miRNA.
- the rAAV9 genome encodes an apoptotic inhibitor (e.g., bc12, bclxL).
- a rAAV9 encoding a trophic factor or spinal cord cord injury modulating protein or a suppressor of an inhibitor of axonal growth is also contemplated for treating spinal cord injury.
- the rAAV9 genome encodes in various embodiments Aromatic acid dopa decarboxylase (AADC), Tyrosine hydroxylase, GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (gtpch1), apoptotic inhibitors (e.g., bc12, bclxL), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), the inhibitory neurotransmitter-amino butyric acid (GABA), or enzymes involved in dopamine biosynthesis.
- the rAAV9 genome may encode, for example, modifiers of Parkin and/or synuclein.
- methods to increase acetylcholine production are contemplated.
- methods of increasing the level of a choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or inhibiting the activity of an acetylcholine esterase (AchE) are contemplated.
- the rAAV9 genome encodes in some embodiments, siRNA, shRNA, antisense, and/or miRNA for use in methods to decrease mutant Huntington protein (htt) expression for treating a neurodegenerative disorder such as Huntington's disease.
- htt Huntington protein
- the rAAV9 genome encodes in various embodiments siRNA, shRNA, antisense, and/or miRNA for use in for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS. Treatment results in a decrease in the expression of molecular markers of disease, such as TNF ⁇ , nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and/or nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
- molecular markers of disease such as TNF ⁇ , nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and/or nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
- the vectors encode short hairpin RNAs directed at mutated proteins such as superoxide dismutase for ALS, or neurotrophic factors such as GDNF or IGF1 for ALS or Parkinson's disease.
- the rAAV9 genome may encode, for example, methyl cytosine binding protein 2 (MeCP2).
- Treatment comprises the step of administering via the intrathecal route an effective dose, or effective multiple doses, of a composition comprising a rAAV of the invention to an animal (including a human being) in need thereof. If the dose is administered prior to development of a disorder/disease, the administration is prophylactic. If the dose is administered after the development of a disorder/disease, the administration is therapeutic.
- an effective dose is a dose that alleviates (either eliminates or reduces) at least one symptom associated with the disorder/disease state being treated, that slows or prevents progression to a disorder/disease state, that slows or prevents progression of a disorder/disease state, that diminishes the extent of disease, that results in remission (partial or total) of disease, and/or that prolongs survival.
- diseases states contemplated for treatment by methods of the invention are set out above.
- Combination therapies are also contemplated by the invention.
- Combination as used herein includes both simultaneous treatment or sequential treatments.
- Combinations of methods of the invention with standard medical treatments e.g., riluzole in ALS are specifically contemplated, as are combinations with novel therapies.
- Transduction with rAAV may also be carried out in vitro.
- desired target cells are removed from the subject, transduced with rAAV and reintroduced into the subject.
- syngeneic or xenogeneic cells can be used where those cells will not generate an inappropriate immune response in the subject.
- cells can be transduced in vitro by combining rAAV with the cells, e.g., in appropriate media, and screening for those cells harboring the DNA of interest using conventional techniques such as Southern blots and/or PCR, or by using selectable markers.
- Transduced cells can then be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions, and the composition introduced into the subject by various techniques, such as by injection into the spinal cord.
- the rAAV genomes of the invention lack AAV rep and cap DNA.
- AAV DNA in the rAAV genomes may be from any AAV serotype for which a recombinant virus can be derived including, but not limited to, AAV serotypes AAV-1, AAV-2, AAV-3, AAV-4, AAV-5, AAV-6, AAV-7, AAV-8, AAV-9, AAV-10 and AAV-11.
- the nucleotide sequences of the genomes of the AAV serotypes are known in the art. For example, the complete genome of AAV-1 is provided in GenBank Accession No. NC_002077; the complete genome of AAV-2 is provided in GenBank Accession No.
- AAV-3 is provided in GenBank Accession No. NC_1829
- AAV-4 is provided in GenBank Accession No. NC_001829
- the AAV-5 genome is provided in GenBank Accession No. AF085716
- the complete genome of AAV-6 is provided in GenBank Accession No. NC_00 1862
- at least portions of AAV-7 and AAV-8 genomes are provided in GenBank Accession Nos. AX753246 and AX753249, respectively
- the AAV-9 genome is provided in Gao et al., J. Virol., 78: 6381-6388 (2004)
- the AAV-10 genome is provided in Mol. Ther., 13(1): 67-76 (2006)
- the AAV-11 genome is provided in Virology, 330(2): 375-383 (2004).
- the invention provides DNA plasmids comprising rAAV genomes of the invention.
- the DNA plasmids are transferred to cells permissible for infection with a helper virus of AAV (e.g., adenovirus, El-deleted adenovirus or herpesvirus) for assembly of the rAAV genome into infectious viral particles with AAV9 capsid proteins.
- helper virus of AAV e.g., adenovirus, El-deleted adenovirus or herpesvirus
- rAAV Production of rAAV requires that the following components are present within a single cell (denoted herein as a packaging cell): a rAAV genome, AAV rep and cap genes separate from (i.e., not in) the rAAV genome, and helper virus functions.
- Production of pseudotyped rAAV is disclosed in, for example, WO 01/83692 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- AAV capsid proteins may be modified to enhance delivery of the recombinant vector. Modifications to capsid proteins are generally known in the art. See, for example, US 2005/0053922 and US 2009/0202490, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- a method of generating a packaging cell is to create a cell line that stably expresses all the necessary components for AAV particle production.
- a plasmid (or multiple plasmids) comprising a rAAV genome lacking AAV rep and cap genes, AAV rep and cap genes separate from the rAAV genome, and a selectable marker, such as a neomycin resistance gene, are integrated into the genome of a cell.
- AAV genomes have been introduced into bacterial plasmids by procedures such as GC tailing (Samulski et al., 1982, Proc. Natl. Acad. S6.
- the packaging cell line is then infected with a helper virus such as adenovirus.
- a helper virus such as adenovirus.
- packaging cells that produce infectious rAAV.
- packaging cells may be stably transformed cancer cells such as HeLa cells, 293 cells and PerC.6 cells (a cognate 293 line).
- packaging cells are cells that are not transformed cancer cells such as low passage 293 cells (human fetal kidney cells transformed with E1 of adenovirus), MRC-5 cells (human fetal fibroblasts), WI-38 cells (human fetal fibroblasts), Vero cells (monkey kidney cells) and FRhL-2 cells (rhesus fetal lung cells).
- the invention provides rAAV9 (i.e., infectious encapsidated rAAV9 particles) comprising a rAAV genome of the invention.
- rAAV9 i.e., infectious encapsidated rAAV9 particles
- the rAAV genome is a self-complementary genome.
- rAAV are provided such as a rAAV9 named “rAAV SMN.”
- the rAAV SMN genome (nucleotides 980-3336 of SEQ ID NO: 1) has in sequence an AAV2 ITR, the chicken ⁇ -actin promoter with a cytomegalovirus enhancer, an SV40 intron , the SMN coding DNA set out in (GenBank Accession Number NM_000344.2), a polyadenylation signal sequence from bovine growth hormone and another AAV2 ITR.
- SMN DNA amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids that are amino acids between the ITRs of the genome.
- SMN polypeptides contemplated include, but are not limited to, the human SMN1 polypeptide set out in NCBI protein database number NP_000335.1. Also contemplated is the SMN1-modifier polypeptide plastin-3 (PLS3) [Oprea et al., Science 320(5875): 524-527 (2008)]. Sequences encoding other polypeptides may be substituted for the SMN DNA.
- PLS3 SMN1-modifier polypeptide plastin
- the rAAV may be purified by methods standard in the art such as by column chromatography or cesium chloride gradients. Methods for purifying rAAV vectors from helper virus are known in the art and include methods disclosed in, for example, Clark et al., Hum. Gene Ther., 10(6): 1031-1039 (1999); Schenpp and Clark, Methods Mol. Med., 69: 427-443 (2002); U.S. Pat. No. 6,566,118 and WO 98/09657.
- compositions comprising rAAV of the present invention.
- compositions of the invention comprise a rAAV encoding a SMN polypeptide.
- compositions of the present invention may include two or more rAAV encoding different polypeptides of interest.
- compositions of the invention comprise rAAV in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the compositions may also comprise other ingredients such as diluents and adjuvants.
- Acceptable carriers, diluents and adjuvants are nontoxic to recipients and are preferably inert at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, or other organic acids; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; low molecular weight polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as T
- Titers of rAAV to be administered in methods of the invention will vary depending, for example, on the particular rAAV, the mode of administration, the treatment goal, the individual, and the cell type(s) being targeted, and may be determined by methods standard in the art. Titers of rAAV may range from about 1 ⁇ 10 6 , about 1 ⁇ 10 7 , about 1 ⁇ 10 8 , about 1 ⁇ 10 9 , about 1 ⁇ 10 10 , about 1 ⁇ 10 11 , about 1 ⁇ 10 12 , about 1 ⁇ 10 13 to about lx10 14 or more DNase resistant particles (DRP) per ml. Dosages may also be expressed in units of viral genomes (vg). Dosages may also vary based on the timing of the administration to a human.
- DNase resistant particles DNase resistant particles
- These dosages of rAAV may range from about 1 ⁇ 10 11 vg/kg, about 1 ⁇ 10 12 , about 1 ⁇ 10 13 , about 1 ⁇ 10 14 , about 1 ⁇ 10 15 , about 1 ⁇ 10 16 or more viral genomes per kilogram body weight in an adult.
- the dosages of rAAV may range from about 1 ⁇ 10 11 , about 1 ⁇ 10 12 , about 3 ⁇ 10 12 , about 1 ⁇ 10 13 , about 3 ⁇ 10 13 , about 1 ⁇ 10 14 , about 3 ⁇ 10 14 , about 1 ⁇ 10 15 , about 3 ⁇ 10 15 , about 1 ⁇ 10 16 , about 3 ⁇ 10 16 or more viral genomes per kilogram body weight.
- target cells including, but not limited to, nerve or glial cells
- rAAV transducing target cells
- transduction is used to refer to the administration/delivery of a polynucleotide to a target cell either in vivo or in vitro, via a replication-deficient rAAV of the invention resulting in expression of a functional polypeptide by the recipient cell.
- Transduction of cells with rAAV of the invention results in sustained expression of polypeptide or RNA encoded by the rAAV.
- the present invention thus provides methods of administering/delivering rAAV (e.g., encoding SMN protein) of the invention to an animal or a human patient. These methods include transducing nerve and/or glial cells with one or more rAAV of the present invention. Transduction may be carried out with gene cassettes comprising tissue specific control elements. For example, promoters that allow expression specifically within neurons or specifically within astrocytes. Examples include neuron specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein promoters. Inducible promoters under the control of an ingested drug may also be developed.
- the transduction of cells is increased when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent as described herein relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent.
- the transduction of cells is increased by at least about 1%, or at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 120%, at least about 150%, at least about 180%, at least about 200%, at least about 250%, at least about 300%, at least about 350%, at least about 400%, at least about 450%, at least about 500% or more when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent as described herein, relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent.
- the transduction of cells is increased by about 10% to about 50%, or by about 10% to about 100%, or by about 5% to about 10%, or by about 5% to about 50%, or by about 1% to about 500%, or by about 10% to about 200%, or by about 10% to about 300%, or by about 10% to about 400%, or by about 100% to about 500%, or by about 150% to about 300%, or by about 200% to about 500% when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent as described herein, relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent.
- the transduction of cells is further increased when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent and when the patient is put in the Trendelenberg position (head down position).
- the patients is tilted in the head down position at about 1 degree to about 30 degrees, about 15 to about 30 degrees, about 30 to about 60 degrees, about 60 to about 90 degrees, or about 90 up to about 180 degrees) during or after intrathecal vector infusion.
- the transduction of cells is increased by at least about 1%, or at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 120%, at least about 150%, at least about 180%, at least about 200%, at least about 250%, at least about 300%, at least about 350%, at least about 400%, at least about 450%, at least about 500% or more when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent and Trendelenberg position as described herein, relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent and Trendelenberg position.
- the transduction of cells is increased by about 10% to about 50%, or by about 10% to about 100%, or by about 5% to about 10%, or by about 5% to about 50%, or by about 1% to about 500%, or by about 10% to about 200%, or by about 10% to about 300%, or by about 10% to about 400%, or by about 100% to about 500%, or by about 150% to about 300%, or by about 200% to about 500% when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent and Trendelenberg position as described herein, relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent and Trendelenberg position.
- the disclosure also provides aspects wherein intrathecal administration of a vector of the disclosure and a contrast agent to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof results in an increase in survival of the patient relative to survival of the patient when a vector of the disclosure is administered in the absence of the contrast agent.
- administration of a vector of the disclosure and a contrast agent to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof results in an increase of survival of the patient of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 200% or more relative to survival of the patient when a vector of the disclosure is administered in the absence of the contrast agent.
- the disclosure also provides aspects wherein intrathecal administration of a vector of the disclosure and a contrast agent to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof put in the Trendelenberg position results in a further increase in survival of the patient relative to survival of the patient when a vector of the disclosure is administered in the absence of the contrast agent and the Trendelenberg position.
- administration of a vector of the disclosure and a contrast agent to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof put in the Trendelberg position results in an increase of survival of the patient of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 200% or more relative to survival of the patient when a vector of the disclosure is administered in the absence of the contrast agent and the Trendelenberg position.
- a polynucleotide delivered using the materials and methods of the invention can be placed under regulatory control using systems known in the art.
- systems such as the tetracycline (TET on/off) system [see, for example, Urlinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97(14):7963-7968 (2000) for recent improvements to the TET system] and Ecdysone receptor regulatable system [Palli et al., Eur J. Biochem 270: 1308-1315 (2003] may be utilized to provide inducible polynucleotide expression. It will also be understood by the skilled artisan that combinations of any of the methods and materials contemplated herein may be used for treating a neurodegenerative disease.
- Example 1 describes the production of an exemplary rAAV9
- Example 2 describes the intrathecal administration of rAAV9
- Example 3 describes the increase in survival of SMN mutant mice following intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of rAAV9 SMN with contrast agent
- Example 4 describes motor neuron transduction with a rAAV9 in cynomologus monkeys.
- the ability of rAAV9 to target and express protein in the central nervous system was evaluated in an in vivo model system.
- the rAAV genome included in sequence an AAV2 ITR, the chicken ⁇ -actin promoter with a cytomegalovirus enhancer, an SV40 intron, green fluorescent protein (GFP) DNA, a polyadenylation signal sequence from bovine growth hormone and another AAV2 ITR, as previously described in Bevan et al., Molecular Therapy, 19(11): 1971-1980 (2011).
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- AAV9 GFP Self-complementary AAV9
- AAV9 GFP Self-complementary AAV9
- AAV9 GFP was produced by transient transfection procedures using a double-stranded AAV2-ITR-based CB-GFP vector, with a plasmid encoding Rep2Cap9 sequence as previously described [Gao et al., J. Virol., 78: 6381-6388 (2004)] along with an adenoviral helper plasmid pHelper (Stratagene, Santa Clara, Calif.) in 293 cells.
- the serotype 9 sequence was verified by sequencing and was identical to that previously described.
- Virus was produced in three separate batches for the experiments and purified by two cesium chloride density gradient purification steps, dialyzed against PBS and formulated with 0.001% Pluronic-F68 to prevent virus aggregation and stored at 4° C. All vector preparations were titered by quantitative PCR using Taq-Man technology. Purity of vectors was assessed by 4-12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.).
- the invention contemplates that gene delivery to the CSF can produce transduction along the neuraxis with the added benefit of potentially lowering the required dose.
- Farm-bred sows Sus scrofa domestica ) were obtained from a regional farm.
- piglets were placed prone and the spine was flexed in order to widen the intervertebral spaces.
- the anterior-superior iliac spines were palpated and a line connecting the two points was visualized.
- the intervertebral space rostral to this line is ⁇ L5-L6.
- Intraoperative fluoroscopy confirmed rostral-caudal and mediolateral trajectories.
- a 25-gauge needle attached to a 1-ml syringe was inserted.
- gentle negative pressure was applied to the syringe as the needle was passed until a clear flash of CSF was visualized.
- the head of the piglet was flexed while maintaining the integrity of the airway. Fluoroscopy again confirmed adequate trajectory.
- a 25-gauge needle was passed immediately caudal to the occipital bone, and a flash of clear CSF confirmed entry into the cistern magna.
- the syringe was removed while the needle was held in place.
- ⁇ 0.25 ml of sterile PBS was flushed through the spinal needle so as to ensure full delivery of reagent.
- An iohexol radioopaque agent [OmnipaqueTM (iohexol, N,N′-Bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-acetamido]-2,4,6-trioldo-isophthalamide), GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisc.] and recording intrathecal spread with real-time continuous fluoroscopy.
- Non-neural tissues were cut to ⁇ 1 cm 3 blocks and cryoprotected by overnight incubation in 30% sucrose solution. They were then embedded in gum tragacanth and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen-cooled isopentane. Samples were cut by cryostat into 10-12 ⁇ m sections and slides stored at ⁇ 20 ° C. GFP expression was detected by a similar immunofluorescent protocol as above with the addition of DAPI in secondary antibody solution (1:1,000; Invitrogen).
- Fluorescent images were captured using a Zeiss 710 Meta confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, Thornwood, N.Y.) located at TRINCH and processed with LSM software.
- GFP expression was seen in the dorsal root ganglia as well as the spinal cord gray and white matter.
- AAV9 GFP injection into either the cisternal space at the base of the skull or the intrathecal space at L5 resulted in extensive motor neuron transduction and glia at all levels of the spinal cord as examined by in situ hybridization.
- Large ventral horn neurons were also positive for GFP expression by immunohistochemistry at all levels of spinal cord Immunofluorescence confirmed that the GFP+ cells expressed the motor neuron marker ChAT.
- GFP immunofluorescence To further characterize the pattern of expression following cisternal or intrathecal injection of AAV9-GFP into 5-day-old pigs, brains were examined for transgene expression again using GFP immunofluorescence The regions with the highest levels of GFP expression were cerebellar Purkinje cells, nerve fibers within the medulla as well as discrete nuclei, such as the olivary nucleus. Expression within the rest of the brain was restricted to scattered cells near the meningeal surfaces. Examination of GFP expression in peripheral organs yielded no visible GFP expression indicating that the majority of the virus was localized to the CNS.
- AAV9 injection into the cerebral spinal fluid of young pigs efficiently targeted motor neurons.
- the rAAV9 SMN was mixed with contrast agent, followed by ICV injection to effect placement of the composition to the CSF of SMN mutant mice.
- the rAAV9 SMN vector was injected without contrast agent into a separate group of SMN mutant mice.
- Results showed that injection of rAAV9 SMN at ⁇ 10 8 vg/kg with contrast agent yielded a median survival of SMN mutant mice of 20 days, while injection of an equivalent amount of rAAV9 SMN in the absence of contrast agent yielded no survival.
- the survival of SMN mutant mice is increased following injection of rAAV9 SMN with contrast agent, relative to the survival of SMN mutant mice following injection of rAAV9 SMN in the absence of contrast agent.
- the injection was performed by lumbar puncture into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar thecal sac.
- the rAAV9 was resuspended with omnipaque (iohexol), an iodinated compound routinely used in the clinical setting. Iohexol is used to validate successful subarachnoid space cannulation and was administered at a dose of 100 mg/Kg.
- Cynomolgus monkeys injected with virus were euthanized 2 weeks post injection. Animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital at the dose of 80-100 mg/kg intravenously and perfused with saline solution. Brain and spinal cord dissection were performed immediately and tissues were processed either for nucleic acid isolation (snap frozen) or post-fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and subsequently cryoprotected with 30% sucrose and frozen in isopentane at ⁇ 65° C.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/678,458 filed Aug. 1, 2012, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
- This invention was made with Government support under RC2 NS69476-01 awarded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The Government has certain rights in the invention.
- Incorporated by reference in its entirety is a sequence listing in computer-readable form submitted concurrently herewith and identified as follows: ASCII text file named “47099PCT_SeqListing.txt”, 8,954 bytes, created 31 Jul. 2013.
- The present invention relates to Adeno-associated virus type 9 methods and materials useful for intrathecal delivery (i.e., delivery into the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord) of polynucleotides. Use of the methods and materials is indicated, for example, for treatment of lower motor neuron diseases such as SMA and ALS as well as Pompe disease and lysosomal storage disorders.
- Large-molecule drugs do not cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and 98% of small-molecules cannot penetrate this barrier, thereby limiting drug development efforts for many CNS disorders [Pardridge, W. M. Nat Rev Drug Discov 1: 131-139 (2002)]. Gene delivery has recently been proposed as a method to bypass the BBB [Kaspar, et al., Science 301: 839-842 (2003)]; however, widespread delivery to the brain and spinal cord has been challenging. The development of successful gene therapies for motor neuron disease will likely require widespread transduction within the spinal cord and motor cortex. Two of the most common motor neuron diseases are spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), both debilitating disorders of children and adults, respectively, with no effective therapies to date. Recent work in rodent models of SMA and ALS involves gene delivery using viruses that are retrogradely transported following intramuscular injection [Kaspar et al., Science 301: 839-842 (2003); Azzouz et al., J Clin Invest 114: 1726-1731 (2004); Azzouz et al., Nature 429: 413-417 (2004); Ralph et al., Nat Med 11: 429-433 (2005)]. However, clinical development may be difficult given the numerous injections required to target the widespread region of neurodegeneration throughout the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex to effectively treat these diseases. AAV vectors have also been used in a number of recent clinical trials for neurological disorders, demonstrating sustained transgene expression, a relatively safe profile, and promising functional responses, yet have required surgical intraparenchymal injections [Kaplitt et al., Lancet 369: 2097-2105 (2007); Marks et al., Lancet Neurol 7: 400-408 (2008); Worgall et al., Hum Gene Ther (2008)].
- SMA is an early pediatric neurodegenerative disorder characterized by flaccid paralysis within the first six months of life. In the most severe cases of the disease, paralysis leads to respiratory failure and death usually by two years of age. SMA is the second most common pediatric autosomal recessive disorder behind cystic fibrosis with an incidence of 1 in 6000 live births. SMA is a genetic disorder characterized by the loss of lower motor neurons (LMNs) residing along the length of the entire spinal cord. SMA is caused by a reduction in the expression of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein that results in denervation of skeletal muscle and significant muscle atrophy. SMN is a ubiquitously expressed protein that functions in U snRNP biogenesis.
- In humans there are two very similar copies of the SMN gene termed SMN1 and SMN2. The amino acid sequence encoded by the two genes is identical. However, there is a single, silent nucleotide change in SMN2 in exon 7 that results in exon 7 being excluded in 80-90% of transcripts from SMN2. The resulting truncated protein, called SMNΔ7, is less stable and rapidly degraded. The remaining 10-20% of transcript from SMN2 encodes the full length SMN protein. Disease results when all copies of SMN1 are lost, leaving only SMN2 to generate full length SMN protein. Accordingly, SMN2 acts as a phenotypic modifier in SMA in that patients with a higher SMN2 copy number generally exhibit later onset and less severe disease.
- Therapeutic approaches for SMA have mainly focused on developing drugs for increasing SMN levels or enhancing residual SMN function. Despite years of screening, no drugs have been fully effective for increasing SMN levels as a restorative therapy. A number of mouse models have been developed for SMA. See, Hsieh-Li et al., Nature Genetics, 24 (1): 66-70 (2000); Le et al., Hum. Mol. Genet., 14 (6): 845-857 (2005); Monani et al., J. Cell. Biol., 160 (1): 41-52 (2003) and Monani et al., Hum. Mol. Genet., 9 (3): 333-339 (2000). A recent study express a full length SMN cDNA in a mouse model and the authors concluded that expression of SMN in neurons can have a significant impact on symptoms of SMA. See Gavrilina et al., Hum. Mol. Genet., 17(8):1063-1075 (2008).
- ALS is another disease that results in loss of muscle and/or muscle function. First characterized by Charcot in 1869, it is a prevalent, adult-onset neurodegenerative disease affecting nearly 5 out of 100,000 individuals. ALS occurs when specific nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary movement gradually degenerate. Within two to five years after clinical onset, the loss of these motor neurons leads to progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles, which results in loss of muscular function resulting in paralysis, speech deficits, and death due to respiratory failure.
- The genetic defects that cause or predispose ALS onset are unknown, although missense mutations in the SOD-1 gene occurs in approximately 10% of familial ALS cases, of which up to 20% have mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), located on chromosome 21. SOD-1 normally functions in the regulation of oxidative stress by conversion of free radical superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. To date, over 90 mutations have been identified spanning all exons of the SOD-1 gene. Some of these mutations have been used to generate lines of transgenic mice expressing mutant human SOD-1 to model the progressive motor neuron disease and pathogenesis of ALS.
- SMA and ALS are two of the most common motor neuron diseases. Recent work in rodent models of SMA and ALS has examined treatment by gene delivery using viruses that are retrogradedly transported following intramuscular injection. See Azzouz et al., J. Clin. Invest., 114: 1726-1731 (2004); Kaspar et al., Science, 301: 839-842 (2003); Azzouz et al., Nature, 429: 413-417 (2004) and Ralph et al., Nature Medicine, 11: 429-433 (2005). Clinical use of such treatments may be difficult given the numerous injections required to target neurodegeneration throughout the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex.
- Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a replication-deficient parvovirus, the single-stranded DNA genome of which is about 4.7 kb in length including 145 nucleotide inverted terminal repeat (ITRs). The nucleotide sequence of the AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) genome is presented in Srivastava et al., J Virol, 45: 555-564 (1983) as corrected by Ruffing et al., J Gen Virol, 75: 3385-3392 (1994). Cis-acting sequences directing viral DNA replication (rep), encapsidation/packaging and host cell chromosome integration are contained within the ITRs. Three AAV promoters (named p5, p19, and p40 for their relative map locations) drive the expression of the two AAV internal open reading frames encoding rep and cap genes. The two rep promoters (p5 and p19), coupled with the differential splicing of the single AAV intron (at nucleotides 2107 and 2227), result in the production of four rep proteins (rep 78, rep 68, rep 52, and rep 40) from the rep gene. Rep proteins possess multiple enzymatic properties that are ultimately responsible for replicating the viral genome. The cap gene is expressed from the p40 promoter and it encodes the three capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3. Alternative splicing and non-consensus translational start sites are responsible for the production of the three related capsid proteins. A single consensus polyadenylation site is located at map position 95 of the AAV genome. The life cycle and genetics of AAV are reviewed in Muzyczka, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 158: 97-129 (1992).
- AAV possesses unique features that make it attractive as a vector for delivering foreign DNA to cells, for example, in gene therapy. AAV infection of cells in culture is noncytopathic, and natural infection of humans and other animals is silent and asymptomatic. Moreover, AAV infects many mammalian cells allowing the possibility of targeting many different tissues in vivo. Moreover, AAV transduces slowly dividing and non-dividing cells, and can persist essentially for the lifetime of those cells as a transcriptionally active nuclear episome (extrachromosomal element). The AAV proviral genome is infectious as cloned DNA in plasmids which makes construction of recombinant genomes feasible. Furthermore, because the signals directing AAV replication, genome encapsidation and integration are contained within the ITRs of the AAV genome, some or all of the internal approximately 4.3 kb of the genome (encoding replication and structural capsid proteins, rep-cap) may be replaced with foreign DNA such as a gene cassette containing a promoter, a DNA of interest and a polyadenylation signal. The rep and cap proteins may be provided in trans. Another significant feature of AAV is that it is an extremely stable and hearty virus. It easily withstands the conditions used to inactivate adenovirus (56° to 65° C. for several hours), making cold preservation of AAV less critical. AAV may even be lyophilized. Finally, AAV-infected cells are not resistant to superinfection.
- Multiple serotypes of AAV exist and offer varied tissue tropism. Known serotypes include, for example, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10 and AAV11. AAV9 is described in U.S. Patent No. 7,198,951 and in Gao et al., J. Virol., 78: 6381-6388 (2004). Advances in the delivery of AAV6 and AAV8 have made possible the transduction by these serotypes of skeletal and cardiac muscle following simple systemic intravenous or intraperitoneal injections. See Pacak et al., Circ. Res., 99(4): 3-9 (1006) and Wang et al., Nature Biotech., 23(3): 321-8 (2005). The use of AAV to target cell types within the central nervous system, though, has required surgical intraparenchymal injection. See, Kaplitt et al., supra; Marks et al., supra and Worgall et al., supra.
- There thus remains a need in the art for methods and vectors for delivering polynucleotides to the central nervous system.
- The present invention provides methods and materials useful for intrathecal delivery of polynucleotides to the central nervous system using recombinant a recombinant AAV9 (rAAV9) as a vector.
- More specifically, the invention provides methods of delivering a polynucleotide to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof comprising intrathecal delivery of rAAV9 and a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent to the patient, wherein the rAAV9 comprises a self-complementary genome including the polynucleotide. The polynucleotide is delivered to, for example, the brain, the spinal cord, a glial cell, an astrocyte and/or a lower motor neuron. The non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent is, for example, iobitridol, iohexol, iomeprol, iopamidol, iopentol, iopromide, ioversol or ioxilan. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is a survival motor neuron (SMN) polynucleotide.
- The invention also provides methods of treating a neurological disease in a patient in need thereof comprising intrathecal delivery of a rAAV9 and a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent to the patient, wherein the rAAV9 comprises a self-complementary genome including a therapeutic polynucleotide. The neurological disease is, for example, a neurodegenerative disease such as spinal muscular atrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The therapeutic polynucleotide is, for example, an SMN polynucleotide. The SMN polynucleotide is delivered, for example, to the brain, the spinal cord, a glial cell, an astrocyte and/or a lower motor neuron. The non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent is, for example, iobitridol, iohexol, iomeprol, iopamidol, iopentol, iopromide, ioversol or ioxilan.
- Therefore, in one aspect, the invention provides a method for intrathecal delivery of a polynucleotide to the central nervous system of a patient comprising administering a rAAV9 with a genome including the polynucleotide. In some embodiments, a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent is also administered to the patient. The non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent increases transduction of target cells in the central nervous system of the patient. In some embodiments, the rAAV9 genome is a self-complementary genome. In other embodiments, the rAAV9 genome is a single-stranded genome.
- In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is delivered to brain. Areas of the brain contemplated for delivery include, but are not limited to, the motor cortex and the brain stem. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is delivered to the spinal cord. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is delivered to a lower motor neuron. Embodiments of the invention employ rAAV9 to deliver polynucleotides to nerve and glial cells. In some embodiments, the glial cell is a microglial cell, an oligodendrocyte or an astrocyte. In some embodiments, the rAAV9 is used to deliver a polynucleotide to a Schwann cell.
- Use of methods and materials of the invention is indicated, for example, for treatment of lower motor neuron diseases such as SMA and ALS as well as Pompe disease, lysosomal storage disorders, Glioblastoma multiforme and Parkinson's disease. Lysosomal storage disorders include, but are not limited to, Activator Deficiency/GM2 Gangliosidosis, Alpha-mannosidosis, Aspartylglucosaminuria, Cholesteryl ester storage disease, Chronic Hexosaminidase A Deficiency, Cystinosis, Danon disease, Fabry disease, Farber disease, Fucosidosis, Galactosialidosis, Gaucher Disease (Type I, Type II, Type III), GM1 gangliosidosis (Infantile, Late infantile/Juvenile, Adult/Chronic), I-Cell disease/Mucolipidosis II, Infantile Free Sialic Acid Storage Disease/ISSD, Juvenile Hexosaminidase A Deficiency, Krabbe disease (Infantile Onset, Late Onset), Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Mucopolysaccharidoses disorders (Pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy/Mucolipidosis IIIA, MPSI Hurler Syndrome, MPSI Scheie Syndrome, MPS I Hurler-Scheie Syndrome, MPS II Hunter syndrome, Sanfilippo syndrome Type A/MPS III A, Sanfilippo syndrome Type B/MPS III B, Sanfilippo syndrome Type C/MPS III C, Sanfilippo syndrome Type D/MPS III D, Morquio Type A/MPS IVA, Morquio Type B/MPS IVB, MPS IX Hyaluronidase Deficiency, MPS VI Maroteaux-Lamy, MPS VII Sly Syndrome, Mucolipidosis I/Sialidosis, Mucolipidosis IIIC, Mucolipidosis type IV), Multiple sulfatase deficiency, Niemann-Pick Disease (Type A, Type B, Type C), Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (CLN6 disease (Atypical Late Infantile, Late Onset variant, Early Juvenile), Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt/Juvenile NCL/CLN3 disease, Finnish Variant Late Infantile CLN5, Jansky-Bielschowsky disease/Late infantile CLN2/TPP1 Disease, Kufs/Adult-onset NCL/CLN4 disease, Northern Epilepsy/variant late infantile CLN8, Santavuori-Haltia/Infantile CLN1/PPT disease, Beta-mannosidosis, Pompe disease/Glycogen storage disease type II, Pycnodysostosis, Sandhoff Disease/Adult Onset/GM2 Gangliosidosis, Sandhoff Disease/GM2 gangliosidosis—Infantile, Sandhoff Disease/GM2 gangliosidosis—Juvenile, Schindler disease, Salla disease/Sialic Acid Storage Disease, Tay-Sachs/GM2 gangliosidosis, Wolman disease.
- In further embodiments, use of the methods and materials is indicated for treatment of nervous system disease such as Rett Syndrome, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, or for treatment of nervous system injury including spinal cord and brain trauma/injury, stroke, and brain cancers.
- In another aspect, the invention provides rAAV genomes. The rAAV genomes comprise one or more AAV ITRs flanking a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (including, but not limited to, an SMN polypeptide) or encoding siRNA, shRNA, antisense, and/or miRNA directed at mutated proteins or control sequences of their genes. The polynucleotide is operatively linked to transcriptional control DNAs, specifically promoter DNA and polyadenylation signal sequence DNA that are functional in target cells to form a gene cassette. The gene cassette may also include intron sequences to facilitate processing of an RNA transcript when expressed in mammalian cells.
- In some embodiments, the rAAV9 genome encodes a trophic or protective factor for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including but not limited to Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease along with nervous system injury including spinal cord and brain trauma/injury, stroke, and brain cancers. Non-limiting examples of known nervous system growth factors include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), neurotrophin-6 (NT-6), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), the fibroblast growth factor family (e.g., FGF's 1-15), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), certain members of the insulin-like growth factor family (e.g., IGF-1), the neurturins, persephin, the bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), the immunophilins, the transforming growth factor (TGF) family of growth factors, the neuregulins, epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor family (e.g. VEGF 165), follistatin, Hif1, and others. Also generally contemplated are zinc finger transcription factors that regulate each of the trophic or protective factors contemplated herein. In further embodiments, methods to modulate neuro-immune function are contemplated, including but not limited to, inhibition of microglial and astroglial activation through, for example, NFkB inhibition, or NFkB for neuroprotection (dual action of NFkB and associated pathways in different cell types) by siRNA, shRNA, antisense, or miRNA. In still further embodiments, the rAAV9 genome encodes an apoptotic inhibitor (e.g., bc12, bclxL). Use of a rAAV9 encoding a trophic factor or spinal cord cord injury modulating protein or a suppressor of an inhibitor of axonal growth (e.g., a suppressor of Nogo [Oertle et al., The Journal of Neuroscience, 23(13):5393-5406 (2003)] is also contemplated for treating spinal cord injury.
- For treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, the rAAV9 genome encodes in various embodiments Aromatic acid dopa decarboxylase (AADC), Tyrosine hydroxylase, GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (gtpch1), apoptotic inhibitors (e.g., bc12, bclxL), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), the inhibitory neurotransmitter-amino butyric acid (GABA), or enzymes involved in dopamine biosynthesis. In further embodiments, the rAAV9 genome may encode, for example, modifiers of Parkin and/or synuclein.
- For treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, in some embodiments, methods to increase acetylcholine production are contemplated. In some embodiments, methods of increasing the level of a choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or inhibiting the activity of an acetylcholine esterase (AchE) are contemplated.
- The rAAV9 genome encodes in some embodiments, siRNA, shRNA, antisense, and/or miRNA for use in methods to decrease mutant Huntington protein (htt) expression for treating a neurodegenerative disorder such as Huntington's disease.
- The rAAV9 genome encodes in various embodiments siRNA, shRNA, antisense, and/or miRNA for use in for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS. Treatment results in a decrease in the expression of molecular markers of disease, such as TNFα, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and/or nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
- In some embodiments, the vectors encode short hairpin RNAs directed at mutated proteins such as superoxide dismutase for ALS, or neurotrophic factors such as GDNF or IGF1 for ALS or Parkinson's disease.
- In some embodiments, use of materials and methods of the invention is indicated for treating neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett Syndrome. For embodiments relating to Rett Syndrome, the rAAV9 genome may encode, for example, methyl cytosine binding protein 2 (MeCP2).
- “Treatment” comprises the step of administering via the intrathecal route an effective dose, or effective multiple doses, of a composition comprising a rAAV of the invention to an animal (including a human being) in need thereof. If the dose is administered prior to development of a disorder/disease, the administration is prophylactic. If the dose is administered after the development of a disorder/disease, the administration is therapeutic. In embodiments of the invention, an effective dose is a dose that alleviates (either eliminates or reduces) at least one symptom associated with the disorder/disease state being treated, that slows or prevents progression to a disorder/disease state, that slows or prevents progression of a disorder/disease state, that diminishes the extent of disease, that results in remission (partial or total) of disease, and/or that prolongs survival. Examples of disease states contemplated for treatment by methods of the invention are set out above.
- Combination therapies are also contemplated by the invention. Combination as used herein includes both simultaneous treatment or sequential treatments. Combinations of methods of the invention with standard medical treatments (e.g., riluzole in ALS) are specifically contemplated, as are combinations with novel therapies.
- While delivery to an individual in need thereof after birth is contemplated, intrauteral delivery to a fetus is also contemplated.
- Transduction with rAAV may also be carried out in vitro. In one embodiment, desired target cells are removed from the subject, transduced with rAAV and reintroduced into the subject. Alternatively, syngeneic or xenogeneic cells can be used where those cells will not generate an inappropriate immune response in the subject.
- Suitable methods for the transduction and reintroduction of transduced cells into a subject are known in the art. In one embodiment, cells can be transduced in vitro by combining rAAV with the cells, e.g., in appropriate media, and screening for those cells harboring the DNA of interest using conventional techniques such as Southern blots and/or PCR, or by using selectable markers. Transduced cells can then be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions, and the composition introduced into the subject by various techniques, such as by injection into the spinal cord.
- The rAAV genomes of the invention lack AAV rep and cap DNA. AAV DNA in the rAAV genomes (e.g., ITRs) may be from any AAV serotype for which a recombinant virus can be derived including, but not limited to, AAV serotypes AAV-1, AAV-2, AAV-3, AAV-4, AAV-5, AAV-6, AAV-7, AAV-8, AAV-9, AAV-10 and AAV-11. The nucleotide sequences of the genomes of the AAV serotypes are known in the art. For example, the complete genome of AAV-1 is provided in GenBank Accession No. NC_002077; the complete genome of AAV-2 is provided in GenBank Accession No. NC_001401 and Srivastava et al., J. Virol., 45: 555-564 { 1983); the complete genome of AAV-3 is provided in GenBank Accession No. NC_1829; the complete genome of AAV-4 is provided in GenBank Accession No. NC_001829; the AAV-5 genome is provided in GenBank Accession No. AF085716; the complete genome of AAV-6 is provided in GenBank Accession No. NC_00 1862; at least portions of AAV-7 and AAV-8 genomes are provided in GenBank Accession Nos. AX753246 and AX753249, respectively; the AAV-9 genome is provided in Gao et al., J. Virol., 78: 6381-6388 (2004); the AAV-10 genome is provided in Mol. Ther., 13(1): 67-76 (2006); and the AAV-11 genome is provided in Virology, 330(2): 375-383 (2004).
- In another aspect, the invention provides DNA plasmids comprising rAAV genomes of the invention. The DNA plasmids are transferred to cells permissible for infection with a helper virus of AAV (e.g., adenovirus, El-deleted adenovirus or herpesvirus) for assembly of the rAAV genome into infectious viral particles with AAV9 capsid proteins. Techniques to produce rAAV particles, in which an AAV genome to be packaged, rep and cap genes, and helper virus functions are provided to a cell are standard in the art. Production of rAAV requires that the following components are present within a single cell (denoted herein as a packaging cell): a rAAV genome, AAV rep and cap genes separate from (i.e., not in) the rAAV genome, and helper virus functions. Production of pseudotyped rAAV is disclosed in, for example, WO 01/83692 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In various embodiments, AAV capsid proteins may be modified to enhance delivery of the recombinant vector. Modifications to capsid proteins are generally known in the art. See, for example, US 2005/0053922 and US 2009/0202490, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- A method of generating a packaging cell is to create a cell line that stably expresses all the necessary components for AAV particle production. For example, a plasmid (or multiple plasmids) comprising a rAAV genome lacking AAV rep and cap genes, AAV rep and cap genes separate from the rAAV genome, and a selectable marker, such as a neomycin resistance gene, are integrated into the genome of a cell. AAV genomes have been introduced into bacterial plasmids by procedures such as GC tailing (Samulski et al., 1982, Proc. Natl. Acad. S6. USA, 79:2077-2081), addition of synthetic linkers containing restriction endonuclease cleavage sites (Laughlin et al., 1983, Gene, 23:65-73) or by direct, blunt-end ligation (Senapathy & Carter, 1984, J. Biol. Chem., 259:4661-4666). The packaging cell line is then infected with a helper virus such as adenovirus. The advantages of this method are that the cells are selectable and are suitable for large-scale production of rAAV. Other examples of suitable methods employ adenovirus or baculovirus rather than plasmids to introduce rAAV genomes and/or rep and cap genes into packaging cells.
- General principles of rAAV production are reviewed in, for example, Carter, 1992, Current Opinions in Biotechnology, 1533-539; and Muzyczka, 1992, Curr. Topics in Microbial. and Immunol., 158:97-129). Various approaches are described in Ratschin et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:2072 (1984); Hermonat et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81:6466 (1984); Tratschin et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:3251 (1985); McLaughlin et al., J. Virol., 62:1963 (1988); and Lebkowski et al., 1988 Mol. Cell. Biol., 7:349 (1988). Samulski et al. (1989, J. Virol., 63:3822-3828); U.S. Pat. No. 5,173,414; WO 95/13365 and corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,776; WO 95/13392; WO 96/17947; PCT/U598/18600; WO 97/09441 (PCT/US96/14423); WO 97/08298 (PCT/US96/13872); WO 97/21825 (PCT/US96/20777); WO 97/06243 (PCT/FR96/01064); WO 99/11764; Perrin et al. (1995) Vaccine 13:1244-1250; Paul et al. (1993) Human Gene Therapy 4:609-615; Clark et al. (1996) Gene Therapy 3:1124-1132; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,786,211; 5,871,982; and 6,258,595. The foregoing documents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety herein, with particular emphasis on those sections of the documents relating to rAAV production.
- The invention thus provides packaging cells that produce infectious rAAV. In one embodiment packaging cells may be stably transformed cancer cells such as HeLa cells, 293 cells and PerC.6 cells (a cognate 293 line). In another embodiment, packaging cells are cells that are not transformed cancer cells such as low passage 293 cells (human fetal kidney cells transformed with E1 of adenovirus), MRC-5 cells (human fetal fibroblasts), WI-38 cells (human fetal fibroblasts), Vero cells (monkey kidney cells) and FRhL-2 cells (rhesus fetal lung cells).
- In other embodiments, the invention provides rAAV9 (i.e., infectious encapsidated rAAV9 particles) comprising a rAAV genome of the invention. In one aspect of the invention, the rAAV genome is a self-complementary genome.
- In another aspect, rAAV are provided such as a rAAV9 named “rAAV SMN.” The rAAV SMN genome (nucleotides 980-3336 of SEQ ID NO: 1) has in sequence an AAV2 ITR, the chicken β-actin promoter with a cytomegalovirus enhancer, an SV40 intron , the SMN coding DNA set out in (GenBank Accession Number NM_000344.2), a polyadenylation signal sequence from bovine growth hormone and another AAV2 ITR. Conservative nucleotide substitutions of SMN DNA are also contemplated (e.g., a guanine to adenine change at position 625 of GenBank Accession Number NM_000344.2). The genome lacks AAV rep and cap DNA, that is, there is no AAV rep or cap DNA between the ITRs of the genome. SMN polypeptides contemplated include, but are not limited to, the human SMN1 polypeptide set out in NCBI protein database number NP_000335.1. Also contemplated is the SMN1-modifier polypeptide plastin-3 (PLS3) [Oprea et al., Science 320(5875): 524-527 (2008)]. Sequences encoding other polypeptides may be substituted for the SMN DNA.
- The rAAV may be purified by methods standard in the art such as by column chromatography or cesium chloride gradients. Methods for purifying rAAV vectors from helper virus are known in the art and include methods disclosed in, for example, Clark et al., Hum. Gene Ther., 10(6): 1031-1039 (1999); Schenpp and Clark, Methods Mol. Med., 69: 427-443 (2002); U.S. Pat. No. 6,566,118 and WO 98/09657.
- In another aspect, the invention contemplates compositions comprising rAAV of the present invention. In one embodiment, compositions of the invention comprise a rAAV encoding a SMN polypeptide. In other embodiments, compositions of the present invention may include two or more rAAV encoding different polypeptides of interest.
- Compositions of the invention comprise rAAV in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The compositions may also comprise other ingredients such as diluents and adjuvants. Acceptable carriers, diluents and adjuvants are nontoxic to recipients and are preferably inert at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, or other organic acids; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; low molecular weight polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, pluronics or polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- Titers of rAAV to be administered in methods of the invention will vary depending, for example, on the particular rAAV, the mode of administration, the treatment goal, the individual, and the cell type(s) being targeted, and may be determined by methods standard in the art. Titers of rAAV may range from about 1×106, about 1×107, about 1×108, about 1×109, about 1×1010, about 1×1011, about 1×1012, about 1×1013 to about lx1014 or more DNase resistant particles (DRP) per ml. Dosages may also be expressed in units of viral genomes (vg). Dosages may also vary based on the timing of the administration to a human. These dosages of rAAV may range from about 1×1011 vg/kg, about 1×1012, about 1×1013, about 1×1014, about 1×1015, about 1×1016 or more viral genomes per kilogram body weight in an adult. For a neonate, the dosages of rAAV may range from about 1×1011, about 1×1012, about 3×1012, about 1×1013, about 3×1013, about 1×1014, about 3×1014, about 1×1015, about 3×1015, about 1×1016, about 3×1016 or more viral genomes per kilogram body weight.
- In another aspect, methods of transducing target cells (including, but not limited to, nerve or glial cells) with rAAV are contemplated by the invention.
- The term “transduction” is used to refer to the administration/delivery of a polynucleotide to a target cell either in vivo or in vitro, via a replication-deficient rAAV of the invention resulting in expression of a functional polypeptide by the recipient cell.
- Transduction of cells with rAAV of the invention results in sustained expression of polypeptide or RNA encoded by the rAAV. The present invention thus provides methods of administering/delivering rAAV (e.g., encoding SMN protein) of the invention to an animal or a human patient. These methods include transducing nerve and/or glial cells with one or more rAAV of the present invention. Transduction may be carried out with gene cassettes comprising tissue specific control elements. For example, promoters that allow expression specifically within neurons or specifically within astrocytes. Examples include neuron specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein promoters. Inducible promoters under the control of an ingested drug may also be developed.
- In some aspects, it is contemplated that the transduction of cells is increased when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent as described herein relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent. In various embodiments, the transduction of cells is increased by at least about 1%, or at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 120%, at least about 150%, at least about 180%, at least about 200%, at least about 250%, at least about 300%, at least about 350%, at least about 400%, at least about 450%, at least about 500% or more when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent as described herein, relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent. In further embodiments, the transduction of cells is increased by about 10% to about 50%, or by about 10% to about 100%, or by about 5% to about 10%, or by about 5% to about 50%, or by about 1% to about 500%, or by about 10% to about 200%, or by about 10% to about 300%, or by about 10% to about 400%, or by about 100% to about 500%, or by about 150% to about 300%, or by about 200% to about 500% when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent as described herein, relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent.
- In some aspects, it is contemplated that the transduction of cells is further increased when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent and when the patient is put in the Trendelenberg position (head down position). In some embodiments, for example, the patients is tilted in the head down position at about 1 degree to about 30 degrees, about 15 to about 30 degrees, about 30 to about 60 degrees, about 60 to about 90 degrees, or about 90 up to about 180 degrees) during or after intrathecal vector infusion. In various embodiments, the transduction of cells is increased by at least about 1%, or at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 120%, at least about 150%, at least about 180%, at least about 200%, at least about 250%, at least about 300%, at least about 350%, at least about 400%, at least about 450%, at least about 500% or more when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent and Trendelenberg position as described herein, relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent and Trendelenberg position. In further embodiments, the transduction of cells is increased by about 10% to about 50%, or by about 10% to about 100%, or by about 5% to about 10%, or by about 5% to about 50%, or by about 1% to about 500%, or by about 10% to about 200%, or by about 10% to about 300%, or by about 10% to about 400%, or by about 100% to about 500%, or by about 150% to about 300%, or by about 200% to about 500% when a vector of the disclosure is used in combination with a contrast agent and Trendelenberg position as described herein, relative to the transduction of a vector of the disclosure when not used in combination with a contrast agent and Trendelenberg position.
- The disclosure also provides aspects wherein intrathecal administration of a vector of the disclosure and a contrast agent to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof results in an increase in survival of the patient relative to survival of the patient when a vector of the disclosure is administered in the absence of the contrast agent. In various embodiments, administration of a vector of the disclosure and a contrast agent to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof results in an increase of survival of the patient of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 200% or more relative to survival of the patient when a vector of the disclosure is administered in the absence of the contrast agent.
- The disclosure also provides aspects wherein intrathecal administration of a vector of the disclosure and a contrast agent to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof put in the Trendelenberg position results in a further increase in survival of the patient relative to survival of the patient when a vector of the disclosure is administered in the absence of the contrast agent and the Trendelenberg position. In various embodiments, administration of a vector of the disclosure and a contrast agent to the central nervous system of a patient in need thereof put in the Trendelberg position results in an increase of survival of the patient of at least about 1%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 200% or more relative to survival of the patient when a vector of the disclosure is administered in the absence of the contrast agent and the Trendelenberg position.
- It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that a polynucleotide delivered using the materials and methods of the invention can be placed under regulatory control using systems known in the art. By way of non-limiting example, it is understood that systems such as the tetracycline (TET on/off) system [see, for example, Urlinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97(14):7963-7968 (2000) for recent improvements to the TET system] and Ecdysone receptor regulatable system [Palli et al., Eur J. Biochem 270: 1308-1315 (2003] may be utilized to provide inducible polynucleotide expression. It will also be understood by the skilled artisan that combinations of any of the methods and materials contemplated herein may be used for treating a neurodegenerative disease.
- The present invention is illustrated by the following examples, wherein Example 1 describes the production of an exemplary rAAV9, Example 2 describes the intrathecal administration of rAAV9, Example 3 describes the increase in survival of SMN mutant mice following intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of rAAV9 SMN with contrast agent and Example 4 describes motor neuron transduction with a rAAV9 in cynomologus monkeys.
- The ability of rAAV9 to target and express protein in the central nervous system was evaluated in an in vivo model system. The rAAV genome included in sequence an AAV2 ITR, the chicken β-actin promoter with a cytomegalovirus enhancer, an SV40 intron, green fluorescent protein (GFP) DNA, a polyadenylation signal sequence from bovine growth hormone and another AAV2 ITR, as previously described in Bevan et al., Molecular Therapy, 19(11): 1971-1980 (2011).
- Self-complementary AAV9 (AAV9 GFP) was produced by transient transfection procedures using a double-stranded AAV2-ITR-based CB-GFP vector, with a plasmid encoding Rep2Cap9 sequence as previously described [Gao et al., J. Virol., 78: 6381-6388 (2004)] along with an adenoviral helper plasmid pHelper (Stratagene, Santa Clara, Calif.) in 293 cells. The serotype 9 sequence was verified by sequencing and was identical to that previously described. Virus was produced in three separate batches for the experiments and purified by two cesium chloride density gradient purification steps, dialyzed against PBS and formulated with 0.001% Pluronic-F68 to prevent virus aggregation and stored at 4° C. All vector preparations were titered by quantitative PCR using Taq-Man technology. Purity of vectors was assessed by 4-12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.).
- Although some neurological disorders are caused by defects in ubiquitously expressed proteins, in other disorders gene expression in the CNS alone may have a substantial impact. The invention contemplates that gene delivery to the CSF can produce transduction along the neuraxis with the added benefit of potentially lowering the required dose. Thus, to effect more localized CNS delivery, intrathecal and/or intracisternal injections of 5.2×10 12 vg/kg of AAV9 GFP and a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast agent into 5-day-old pigs (n=3 each) were performed, and their brains and spinal cords were examined for GFP expression.
- Intrathecal Injection. Farm-bred sows (Sus scrofa domestica) were obtained from a regional farm. Five-day-old (P5) piglets received 0.5 cc/kg ketamine induction anesthesia and then were maintained by mask inhalation of 5% isoflurane in oxygen. Body temperature, electrocardiogram, and respiratory rate were monitored throughout the procedure. For lumbar puncture, piglets were placed prone and the spine was flexed in order to widen the intervertebral spaces. The anterior-superior iliac spines were palpated and a line connecting the two points was visualized. The intervertebral space rostral to this line is ˜L5-L6. Intraoperative fluoroscopy confirmed rostral-caudal and mediolateral trajectories. Using sterile technique, a 25-gauge needle attached to a 1-ml syringe was inserted. Gentle negative pressure was applied to the syringe as the needle was passed until a clear flash of CSF was visualized. For cisterna puncture, the head of the piglet was flexed while maintaining the integrity of the airway. Fluoroscopy again confirmed adequate trajectory. A 25-gauge needle was passed immediately caudal to the occipital bone, and a flash of clear CSF confirmed entry into the cistern magna.
- For vector or control delivery, the syringe was removed while the needle was held in place. A second 1-cc syringe containing either viral solution (5.2×10 12 vg/kg) or PBS was secured and the solution was injected into the intrathecal space at a slow and constant rate. After delivery, ˜0.25 ml of sterile PBS was flushed through the spinal needle so as to ensure full delivery of reagent. An iohexol radioopaque agent [Omnipaque™ (iohexol, N,N′-Bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-acetamido]-2,4,6-trioldo-isophthalamide), GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisc.] and recording intrathecal spread with real-time continuous fluoroscopy.
- Perfusion and tissue-processing. All subjects were sacrificed between 21 and 24 days post-injection. Subjects were deeply anesthetized by intramuscular injection of Telazol followed by Propofol. A midventral sternal thoracotomy was performed and a cannula was inserted in the aorta through the left ventricle. The right atrium was opened and 0.5-1 1 of PBS was injected through the cannula by gravity flow, followed by perfusion with 1 1 of 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Organs were removed and post-fixed 48 hours in 4% paraformaldehyde before further processing for histological sectioning or stored long-term in 0.1% NaN3 PBS solution.
- Histology and microscopy. Spinal cord segments were embedded in 3% agarose before cutting into 40-μm horizontal sections using a Leica VT1200 vibrating microtome (Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, Ill.). Sections were transferred in Tris-buffered saline and stored at 4° C. until processing. Brains were cryoprotected by successive incubation in 10, 20, and 30% sucrose solutions. Once sufficiently cryoprotected (having sunk in 30% sucrose solution), brains were frozen and whole-mounted on a modified Leica SM 2000R sliding microtome (Leica Microsystems) in OCT (Tissue-Tek, Torrance, Calif.) and cut into 40-μm coronal sections.
- For immunofluorescent determination of cell types transduced, floating sections were submerged in blocking solution (10% donkey serum, 1% Triton-X100 in Tris-buffered saline) for 1 hour followed by overnight incubation in primary antibody solution at 4° C. The following primary antibodies were used in this study: Rabbit-anti-GFP (1:500; Invitrogen), goat-anti-ChAT (1:100; Millipore, Billerica, Mass.), guinea-pig-anti-GFAP (1:1,000; Advanced Immunochemical, Long Beach, Calif.) and rabbit-anti-Ibal (1:500; Dako, Carpentaria, Calif.). Primary antibodies were detected using Fitc-, Cy3-, or Cy5-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:1,000; Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, Pa.) and mounted in PVA-DABCO medium.
- For immunohistochemical staining, sections were incubated at room temperature in 0.5% H 2 O 2/10% MeOH solution and subsequently blocked and stained as above with rabbit-anti-GFP overnight. Anti-GFP antibodies were detected using biotinylated donkey-anti-rabbit secondary antibody (1:200; Jackson ImmunoResearch) and developed using Vector NovaRed per the provided protocol (Vector Labs, Burlingame, Calif.). Sections were then mounted in Cytoseal 60 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Kalamazoo, Mich.).
- Non-neural tissues were cut to ˜1 cm 3 blocks and cryoprotected by overnight incubation in 30% sucrose solution. They were then embedded in gum tragacanth and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen-cooled isopentane. Samples were cut by cryostat into 10-12 μm sections and slides stored at −20 ° C. GFP expression was detected by a similar immunofluorescent protocol as above with the addition of DAPI in secondary antibody solution (1:1,000; Invitrogen).
- Fluorescent images were captured using a Zeiss 710 Meta confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, Thornwood, N.Y.) located at TRINCH and processed with LSM software.
- Whole brain sections were scanned to ×40 resolution at the Biopathology Center in the Research Informatics Core at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital using an Aperio automated slide scanner (Aperio, Vista, Calif.) and resulting images were processed with ImageScope software.
- In all animals, GFP expression was seen in the dorsal root ganglia as well as the spinal cord gray and white matter. Importantly, AAV9 GFP injection into either the cisternal space at the base of the skull or the intrathecal space at L5 resulted in extensive motor neuron transduction and glia at all levels of the spinal cord as examined by in situ hybridization. Large ventral horn neurons were also positive for GFP expression by immunohistochemistry at all levels of spinal cord Immunofluorescence confirmed that the GFP+ cells expressed the motor neuron marker ChAT.
- Finally, to further characterize the pattern of expression following cisternal or intrathecal injection of AAV9-GFP into 5-day-old pigs, brains were examined for transgene expression again using GFP immunofluorescence The regions with the highest levels of GFP expression were cerebellar Purkinje cells, nerve fibers within the medulla as well as discrete nuclei, such as the olivary nucleus. Expression within the rest of the brain was restricted to scattered cells near the meningeal surfaces. Examination of GFP expression in peripheral organs yielded no visible GFP expression indicating that the majority of the virus was localized to the CNS.
- Thus, AAV9 injection into the cerebral spinal fluid of young pigs efficiently targeted motor neurons.
- The effects of in vivo delivery of rAAV9 SMN [see Foust et al., Nature Biotechnology 28(3): 271-274 (2010) and description hereinabove, wherein the sequence of the vector genome insert is shown as nucleotides 980-3336 of SEQ ID NO: 1)] and contrast agent to the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of SMN mutant mice was tested.
- Briefly, the rAAV9 SMN was mixed with contrast agent, followed by ICV injection to effect placement of the composition to the CSF of SMN mutant mice. As a control experiment, the rAAV9 SMN vector was injected without contrast agent into a separate group of SMN mutant mice.
- Results showed that injection of rAAV9 SMN at ˜108 vg/kg with contrast agent yielded a median survival of SMN mutant mice of 20 days, while injection of an equivalent amount of rAAV9 SMN in the absence of contrast agent yielded no survival.
- Injection of rAAV9 SMN at ˜109 vg/kg with contrast agent yielded a median survival of SMN mutant mice of over 70 days, versus no survival of SMN mutant mice that were injected with an equivalent amount of rAAV9 SMN in the absence of contrast agent.
- Finally, injection of rAAV9 SMN at ˜1010 vg/kg with contrast agent yielded a median survival of SMN mutant mice of over 100 days, versus a median survival of 70 days in SMN mutant mice that were injected with an equivalent amount of rAAV9 SMN in the absence of contrast agent.
- Thus, the survival of SMN mutant mice is increased following injection of rAAV9 SMN with contrast agent, relative to the survival of SMN mutant mice following injection of rAAV9 SMN in the absence of contrast agent.
- Three one year old cynomolgus monkeys received intrathecal injections of 1×1013 vg/Kg rAAV9 encoding a shRNA and GFP. The injection was performed by lumbar puncture into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar thecal sac. The rAAV9 was resuspended with omnipaque (iohexol), an iodinated compound routinely used in the clinical setting. Iohexol is used to validate successful subarachnoid space cannulation and was administered at a dose of 100 mg/Kg. The subject was placed in the lateral decubitus position and the posterior midline injection site at ˜L4/5 level identified (below the conus of the spinal cord). Under sterile conditions, a spinal needle with stylet was inserted and subarachnoid cannulation was confirmed with the flow of clear CSF from the needle. In order to decrease the pressure in the subarachnoid space, 0.8 ml of CSF was drained, immediately followed by injection with a mixture containing 0.7 mL iohexol (300 mg/ml formulation) mixed with 2.1 mL of virus (2.8 ml total). To investigate if rostral flow distribution of the virus could improve cell transduction in the cervical area, one subject was let recover in the lateral decubitus position, and the second and third subjects were tilted in the Trendelenberg position (head down position). This is a routine procedure when performing CT myelograms in human subjects.
- Cynomolgus monkeys injected with virus were euthanized 2 weeks post injection. Animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital at the dose of 80-100 mg/kg intravenously and perfused with saline solution. Brain and spinal cord dissection were performed immediately and tissues were processed either for nucleic acid isolation (snap frozen) or post-fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and subsequently cryoprotected with 30% sucrose and frozen in isopentane at −65° C. 12 μm coronal sections were collected from lumbar cord using a cryostat for free floating immunostaining with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to identify the cells transduced by the virus and choline acetyl transferase (Chat) to identify the motor neurons. Double positive cells were counted in 10 sections of cervical, thoracic and lumbar cord and their number was normalized to the total number of Chat positive cells in the same segment.
- The cell counts revealed that tilting the subjects after virus infusion results in a two-fold (100%) improvement in motor neuron transduction at the thoracic and cervical levels.
- While the present invention has been described in terms of various embodiments and examples, it is understood that variations and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, only such limitations as appear in the claims should be placed on the invention.
- All documents referred to herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/102,291 US20210100918A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2020-11-23 | Intrathecal Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 9 |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261678458P | 2012-08-01 | 2012-08-01 | |
PCT/US2013/053065 WO2014022582A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2013-07-31 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US201514417823A | 2015-01-28 | 2015-01-28 | |
US15/488,203 US20170216458A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2017-04-14 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US201815863429A | 2018-01-05 | 2018-01-05 | |
US16/129,096 US20190099503A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2018-09-12 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/247,380 US11311634B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-01-14 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant Adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/247,420 US20190134226A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-01-14 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/406,904 US11413357B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-05-08 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/406,895 US11738094B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-05-08 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/502,944 US11040116B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-07-03 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US17/102,291 US20210100918A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2020-11-23 | Intrathecal Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 9 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/502,944 Continuation US11040116B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-07-03 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20210100918A1 true US20210100918A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
Family
ID=48951610
Family Applications (12)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/417,823 Abandoned US20150252384A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2013-07-31 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US15/488,203 Abandoned US20170216458A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2017-04-14 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US15/997,433 Active US11730829B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2018-06-04 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/129,096 Abandoned US20190099503A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2018-09-12 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/247,380 Active 2033-10-18 US11311634B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-01-14 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant Adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/247,420 Abandoned US20190134226A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-01-14 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/406,904 Active US11413357B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-05-08 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/406,895 Active US11738094B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-05-08 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/502,944 Active US11040116B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-07-03 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US17/102,291 Pending US20210100918A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2020-11-23 | Intrathecal Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 9 |
US17/196,709 Abandoned US20210220487A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2021-03-09 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US17/206,878 Pending US20210228743A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2021-03-19 | Intrathecal Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 9 |
Family Applications Before (9)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/417,823 Abandoned US20150252384A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2013-07-31 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US15/488,203 Abandoned US20170216458A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2017-04-14 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US15/997,433 Active US11730829B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2018-06-04 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/129,096 Abandoned US20190099503A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2018-09-12 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/247,380 Active 2033-10-18 US11311634B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-01-14 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant Adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/247,420 Abandoned US20190134226A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-01-14 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/406,904 Active US11413357B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-05-08 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/406,895 Active US11738094B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-05-08 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US16/502,944 Active US11040116B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2019-07-03 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/196,709 Abandoned US20210220487A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2021-03-09 | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 |
US17/206,878 Pending US20210228743A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2021-03-19 | Intrathecal Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 9 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (12) | US20150252384A1 (en) |
EP (3) | EP2879719B1 (en) |
JP (5) | JP6314138B2 (en) |
AU (5) | AU2013296425B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112015002168A2 (en) |
CA (2) | CA2880653C (en) |
DK (2) | DK2879719T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2684222T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI3415167T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2879719T (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014022582A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11219696B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2022-01-11 | Nationwide Children's Hospital | Delivery of polynucleotides using recombinant AAV9 |
CA2759801C (en) | 2009-05-02 | 2019-04-02 | Marco A. Passini | Gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders |
US20130039888A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 | 2013-02-14 | Nationwide Children's Hospital Inc. | Products and methods for delivery of polynucleotides by adeno-associated virus for lysosomal storage disorders |
DK2879719T3 (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2018-09-03 | Nationwide Childrens Hospital | INTRATEKAL ADMINISTRATION OF RECOMBINANT ADENOASSOCATED VIRUSES |
SG11201509419QA (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2015-12-30 | Univ Minnesota | Adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer to the central nervous system |
US10577627B2 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2020-03-03 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Chimeric capsids |
MX2017005834A (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2017-11-17 | Voyager Therapeutics Inc | Aadc polynucleotides for the treatment of parkinson's disease. |
EP3218484A4 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2018-05-30 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods of treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) |
RU2749882C2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2021-06-18 | Вояджер Терапьютикс, Инк. | Modulating polynucleotides |
US11697825B2 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2023-07-11 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the production of scAAV |
DK3247728T3 (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2020-07-13 | Igm Biosciences Inc | TUMOR CROSS FACTOR (TNF) SUPERFAMILY RECEPTOR BINDING MOLECULES AND USES THEREOF |
FI3411484T3 (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2023-11-15 | Univ Emory | Injection of single-stranded or self-complementary adeno-associated virus 9 into the cerebrospinal fluid |
IL262211B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2024-01-01 | Univ Pennsylvania | Gene therapy for treating mucopolysaccharidosis type ii |
US11299751B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2022-04-12 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions for the treatment of disease |
EP3448874A4 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2020-04-22 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions for the treatment of disease |
JP7220080B2 (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2023-02-09 | ボイジャー セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド | Compositions and methods for treating Huntington's disease |
RU2758488C2 (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2021-10-28 | Вояджер Терапьютикс, Инк. | Modulating polynucleotides |
EP3506817A4 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2020-07-22 | The Regents of The University of California | Methods for biomedical targeting and delivery and devices and systems for practicing the same |
WO2018204803A1 (en) | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-08 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods of treating huntington's disease |
WO2018204786A1 (en) | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-08 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods of treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) |
JOP20190269A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2019-11-20 | Voyager Therapeutics Inc | Aadc polynucleotides for the treatment of parkinson's disease |
US20200370069A1 (en) * | 2017-07-08 | 2020-11-26 | Genethon | Treatment of spinal muscular atrophy |
JP7229989B2 (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2023-02-28 | ボイジャー セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド | Trajectory array guide system |
EP3662060A2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2020-06-10 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for delivery of aav |
KR20200104852A (en) | 2017-09-22 | 2020-09-04 | 더 트러스티스 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 펜실바니아 | Gene therapy for the treatment of type II mucopolysaccharides |
EP3697908A1 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2020-08-26 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) |
EP4124658A3 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2023-04-19 | Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. | Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) |
IL314692A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2024-10-01 | Novartis Ag | Means and method for preparing viral vectors and uses of same |
JP7478675B2 (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2024-05-07 | ノバルティス アーゲー | Cell-Based Assays for Measuring the Potency of Drug Products |
AU2019389047A1 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-05-20 | Novartis Ag | AAV viral vectors and uses thereof |
JP2020095428A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-18 | 株式会社東芝 | Model learning system, model learning method, program and storage medium |
BR112021015285A2 (en) * | 2019-02-04 | 2021-10-05 | Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital | DELIVERY OF ADENO-ASSOCIATED POLYNUCLEOTIDE VIRUS CLN3 |
CA3137080A1 (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-10-22 | Sanford Research | Gene therapy for treating or preventing visual effects in batten disease |
TW202208632A (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2022-03-01 | 美商同源醫藥公司 | Adeno-associated virus compositions for restoring pah gene function and methods of use thereof |
JP2024536223A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2024-10-04 | ザ ボード オブ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティー オブ テキサス システム | SLC13A5 GENE THERAPY VECTORS AND USES THEREOF |
WO2024151982A1 (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2024-07-18 | Amicus Therapeutics, Inc. | Gene therapy constructs for the treatment of pompe disease |
Family Cites Families (63)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5173414A (en) | 1990-10-30 | 1992-12-22 | Applied Immune Sciences, Inc. | Production of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors |
ES2220923T3 (en) | 1993-11-09 | 2004-12-16 | Medical College Of Ohio | STABLE CELLULAR LINES ABLE TO EXPRESS THE REPLICATION GENE OF ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUSES. |
DE69433592T2 (en) | 1993-11-09 | 2005-02-10 | Targeted Genetics Corp., Seattle | THE ACHIEVEMENT OF HIGH TITERS OF THE RECOMBINANT AAV VECTOR |
US5658785A (en) | 1994-06-06 | 1997-08-19 | Children's Hospital, Inc. | Adeno-associated virus materials and methods |
EP0711833B1 (en) | 1994-10-19 | 2005-08-03 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) | Survival motor neuron (SMN) gene: a gene for spinal muscular atrophy |
US5856152A (en) | 1994-10-28 | 1999-01-05 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Hybrid adenovirus-AAV vector and methods of use therefor |
CA2207927A1 (en) | 1994-12-06 | 1996-06-13 | Targeted Genetics Corporation | Packaging cell lines for generation of high titers of recombinant aav vectors |
FR2737730B1 (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1997-09-05 | Pasteur Merieux Serums Vacc | PROCESS FOR PURIFYING VIRUSES BY CHROMATOGRAPHY |
WO1997008298A1 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-06 | Genzyme Corporation | Chromatographic purification of adenovirus and aav |
WO1997008308A1 (en) | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-06 | The General Hospital Corporation | Batten disease gene |
CA2230758A1 (en) | 1995-09-08 | 1997-03-13 | Genzyme Corporation | Improved aav vectors for gene therapy |
US5910434A (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1999-06-08 | Systemix, Inc. | Method for obtaining retroviral packaging cell lines producing high transducing efficiency retroviral supernatant |
AU723497C (en) | 1996-09-06 | 2001-10-11 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania, The | Method for recombinant adeno-associated virus-directed gene therapy |
US20040076613A1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2004-04-22 | Nicholas Mazarakis | Vector system |
DK1944362T3 (en) | 1997-09-05 | 2016-01-25 | Genzyme Corp | Fremgangsmåder til fremstilling af hjælpevirusfri præparater med høj titer af rekombinante AAV-vektorer |
US6566118B1 (en) | 1997-09-05 | 2003-05-20 | Targeted Genetics Corporation | Methods for generating high titer helper-free preparations of released recombinant AAV vectors |
US6258595B1 (en) | 1999-03-18 | 2001-07-10 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Compositions and methods for helper-free production of recombinant adeno-associated viruses |
AU1775901A (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-30 | Avigen, Inc. | Recombinant adeno-associated virus virions for the treatment of lysosomal disorders |
AU2001255575B2 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2006-08-31 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Recombinant aav vectors with aav5 capsids and aav5 vectors pseudotyped in heterologous capsids |
US20030083299A1 (en) | 2000-11-04 | 2003-05-01 | Ferguson Ian A. | Non-invasive delivery of polypeptides through the blood-brain barrier |
US6841357B1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2005-01-11 | Stratagene California | Method and kits for titering adeno-associated virus vectors |
US20020192688A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-12-19 | Xiaoming Yang | Imaging nucleic acid delivery |
JP4769417B2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2011-09-07 | ザ・トラステイーズ・オブ・ザ・ユニバーシテイ・オブ・ペンシルベニア | Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 sequences, vectors containing the same and uses thereof |
GB0216992D0 (en) | 2002-07-22 | 2002-08-28 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Pellet feeder |
WO2004098648A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 | 2004-11-18 | Genzyme Corporation | Gene therapy for neurometabolic disorders |
US9441244B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2016-09-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Mutant adeno-associated virus virions and methods of use thereof |
US9233131B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2016-01-12 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Mutant adeno-associated virus virions and methods of use thereof |
ES2648241T3 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2017-12-29 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Adeno-associated virus clades (AAV), sequences, vectors containing the same, and uses thereof |
ES2341555T3 (en) * | 2004-03-06 | 2010-06-22 | Innovata Limited | THERAPY WITH ENZYMATIC PROPHARMACO FOR THE REPAIR OF AN ARTICULATION. |
AU2005221716A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-09-22 | Mallinckrodt Inc. | X-ray contrast formulations comprising a mixture of iodinated monomer and dimer |
JP2007532639A (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2007-11-15 | エージェンシー フォー サイエンス,テクノロジー アンド リサーチ | Gene delivery method to nerve cells |
US8999678B2 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Method of increasing the function of an AAV vector |
KR20080031394A (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2008-04-08 | 리노보 리미티드 | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a tgf-beta superfamily member |
US7867484B2 (en) | 2006-01-27 | 2011-01-11 | University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Heparin and heparan sulfate binding chimeric vectors |
US20070280906A1 (en) | 2006-06-03 | 2007-12-06 | Ognjen Petras | Method to generate mirrored adenoassociated viral vectors |
CN103849629B (en) | 2006-06-21 | 2017-06-09 | 尤尼克尔Ip股份有限公司 | Carrier with the modified AAV REP78 translation initiation codons for producing AAV in insect cell |
WO2008030807A2 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-13 | Mebiopharm Co., Ltd. | Phosphatidylethanolamine derivative and liposome containing the same |
SI2121944T1 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2011-12-30 | Probiodrug Ag | In vivo screening models for treatment of alzheimer's disease and other qpct-related disorders |
US20120322861A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2012-12-20 | Barry John Byrne | Compositions and Methods for Treating Diseases |
ES2615180T3 (en) | 2007-07-14 | 2017-06-05 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Methods and compositions for the treatment of brain diseases |
EP2019143A1 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-28 | Genethon | CNS gene delivery using peripheral administration of AAV vectors |
EP2058401A1 (en) | 2007-10-05 | 2009-05-13 | Genethon | Widespread gene delivery to motor neurons using peripheral injection of AAV vectors |
US8632764B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2014-01-21 | University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Directed evolution and in vivo panning of virus vectors |
US9415121B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2016-08-16 | Nationwide Children's Hospital | Delivery of MECP2 polynucleotide using recombinant AAV9 |
WO2010071832A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Nationwide Children's Hospital | Delivery of polynucleotides across the blood brain barrier using recombinant aav9 |
US11219696B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2022-01-11 | Nationwide Children's Hospital | Delivery of polynucleotides using recombinant AAV9 |
BRPI1007155A2 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2017-05-30 | Univ Of California San Francisco | methods for treating a cortical neurological disorder, and for dispensing a therapeutic agent for the cortex in a primate |
CA2759801C (en) | 2009-05-02 | 2019-04-02 | Marco A. Passini | Gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders |
WO2011112902A2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Nonviral gene delivery vector iopamidol, protamine, ethiodized oil reagent (viper) |
WO2011119773A1 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Roeth Jeremiah F | Vectors conditionally expressing therapeutic proteins, host cells comprising the vectors, and uses thereof |
EP2561073B1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2016-08-24 | University of Massachusetts | Cns targeting aav vectors and methods of use thereof |
US20120253261A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Systems and methods for optogenetic modulation of cells within a patient |
EP2788087A4 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2015-08-26 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Non-ionic, low osmolar contrast agents for delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and treatment of disease |
DE102012007232B4 (en) | 2012-04-07 | 2014-03-13 | Susanne Weller | Method for producing rotating electrical machines |
BR112014033121B1 (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2021-07-20 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | FUEL HEAT SOURCE, SMOKE ARTICLE, AND FUEL HEAT SOURCE PRODUCTION METHOD |
DK2879719T3 (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2018-09-03 | Nationwide Childrens Hospital | INTRATEKAL ADMINISTRATION OF RECOMBINANT ADENOASSOCATED VIRUSES |
JP2015092462A (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2015-05-14 | Tdk株式会社 | Positive electrode and lithium ion secondary battery using the same |
JP6202701B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2017-09-27 | 株式会社日立国際電気 | Substrate processing apparatus, semiconductor device manufacturing method, and program |
JP6197169B2 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2017-09-20 | 東芝メモリ株式会社 | Manufacturing method of semiconductor device |
AU2015364636B9 (en) | 2014-12-16 | 2021-12-02 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska | Gene therapy for Juvenile Batten Disease |
GB201811909D0 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2018-09-05 | Buchanan Nigel Alexander | Screwdriver |
BR112021015285A2 (en) | 2019-02-04 | 2021-10-05 | Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital | DELIVERY OF ADENO-ASSOCIATED POLYNUCLEOTIDE VIRUS CLN3 |
JP2022519597A (en) | 2019-02-04 | 2022-03-24 | リサーチ・インスティチュート・アット・ネーションワイド・チルドレンズ・ホスピタル | Adeno-associated virus delivery of CLN6 polynucleotide |
-
2013
- 2013-07-31 DK DK13747755.0T patent/DK2879719T3/en active
- 2013-07-31 BR BR112015002168A patent/BR112015002168A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-07-31 WO PCT/US2013/053065 patent/WO2014022582A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-07-31 EP EP13747755.0A patent/EP2879719B1/en active Active
- 2013-07-31 CA CA2880653A patent/CA2880653C/en active Active
- 2013-07-31 FI FIEP18181263.7T patent/FI3415167T3/en active
- 2013-07-31 ES ES13747755.0T patent/ES2684222T3/en active Active
- 2013-07-31 CA CA3086754A patent/CA3086754C/en active Active
- 2013-07-31 EP EP20176640.9A patent/EP3769789A1/en active Pending
- 2013-07-31 US US14/417,823 patent/US20150252384A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-31 AU AU2013296425A patent/AU2013296425B2/en active Active
- 2013-07-31 DK DK18181263.7T patent/DK3415167T3/en active
- 2013-07-31 EP EP18181263.7A patent/EP3415167B1/en active Active
- 2013-07-31 PT PT13747755T patent/PT2879719T/en unknown
- 2013-07-31 JP JP2015525565A patent/JP6314138B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-04-14 US US15/488,203 patent/US20170216458A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2018
- 2018-03-26 JP JP2018058524A patent/JP6708686B2/en active Active
- 2018-06-04 US US15/997,433 patent/US11730829B2/en active Active
- 2018-09-07 AU AU2018226501A patent/AU2018226501A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-09-12 US US16/129,096 patent/US20190099503A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2019
- 2019-01-14 US US16/247,380 patent/US11311634B2/en active Active
- 2019-01-14 US US16/247,420 patent/US20190134226A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-03-07 JP JP2019041462A patent/JP2019116493A/en active Pending
- 2019-05-08 US US16/406,904 patent/US11413357B2/en active Active
- 2019-05-08 US US16/406,895 patent/US11738094B2/en active Active
- 2019-07-03 US US16/502,944 patent/US11040116B2/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-06-10 AU AU2020203844A patent/AU2020203844B2/en active Active
- 2020-08-19 JP JP2020138445A patent/JP7497247B2/en active Active
- 2020-11-23 US US17/102,291 patent/US20210100918A1/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-03-09 US US17/196,709 patent/US20210220487A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2021-03-19 US US17/206,878 patent/US20210228743A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-04 JP JP2021094213A patent/JP7230112B2/en active Active
-
2023
- 2023-09-19 AU AU2023233078A patent/AU2023233078B2/en active Active
-
2024
- 2024-04-26 AU AU2024202726A patent/AU2024202726A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11040116B2 (en) | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 | |
US20200297872A1 (en) | Delivery of polynucleotides using recombinant aav9 | |
US11219696B2 (en) | Delivery of polynucleotides using recombinant AAV9 | |
WO2010071832A1 (en) | Delivery of polynucleotides across the blood brain barrier using recombinant aav9 | |
JP6966463B2 (en) | Methods for Inducing Recombinant Virus Products and DUX4 Exon Skipping | |
AU2017362491B2 (en) | Intrathecal delivery of recombinant Adeno-associated virus encoding Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 | |
WO2024050064A1 (en) | Hybrid aav capsid and uses thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KASPAR, BRIAN K.;REEL/FRAME:054566/0565 Effective date: 20191101 Owner name: OHIO STATE INNOVATION FOUNDATION, OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BURGHES, ARTHUR;PORENSKY, PAUL;SIGNING DATES FROM 20191204 TO 20191209;REEL/FRAME:054566/0717 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: APPLICATION DISPATCHED FROM PREEXAM, NOT YET DOCKETED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH), U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (DHHS), U.S. GOVERNMENT, MARYLAND Free format text: CONFIRMATORY LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL COLUMBUS;REEL/FRAME:061657/0067 Effective date: 20210209 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |