US20210000707A1 - Nanoemulsions with color stabilized actives - Google Patents
Nanoemulsions with color stabilized actives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210000707A1 US20210000707A1 US16/630,140 US201816630140A US2021000707A1 US 20210000707 A1 US20210000707 A1 US 20210000707A1 US 201816630140 A US201816630140 A US 201816630140A US 2021000707 A1 US2021000707 A1 US 2021000707A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nanoemulsion
- resorcinol
- end use
- oil
- active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000007908 nanoemulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 5-substituted resorcinol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical group OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinyl group Chemical group C1(O)=CC(O)=CC=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-FFHKNEKCSA-N Retinol Palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-FFHKNEKCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VGMJYYDKPUPTID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylbenzene-1,3-diol Chemical group CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1O VGMJYYDKPUPTID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Natural products OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QGNJRVVDBSJHIZ-QHLGVNSISA-N retinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C QGNJRVVDBSJHIZ-QHLGVNSISA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CBKLICUQYUTWQL-XWGBWKJCSA-N methyl (3s,4r)-3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-(n-propanoylanilino)piperidine-4-carboxylate;oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O.CCC(=O)N([C@]1([C@H](CN(CCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1)C)C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 CBKLICUQYUTWQL-XWGBWKJCSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003471 retinol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020944 retinol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011607 retinol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940108325 retinyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019172 retinyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011769 retinyl palmitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ANTLBIMVNRRJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-phenylethyl)benzene-1,3-diol Chemical group OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 ANTLBIMVNRRJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004101 4-Hexylresorcinol Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- IXMNGROEFGBSGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclopentylbenzene-1,3-diol Chemical group OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1CCCC1 IXMNGROEFGBSGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WFJIVOKAWHGMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hexylbenzene-1,3-diol Chemical group CCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1O WFJIVOKAWHGMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019360 4-hexylresorcinol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003258 hexylresorcinol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-OVSJKPMPSA-N retinal group Chemical group C\C(=C/C=O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000342 retinol acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019173 retinyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011770 retinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002523 retinol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- UPXUUCBQSRQWMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)c1ccc(O)cc1O.Oc1ccc(C2CCCCC2)c(O)c1 Chemical group CC(C)c1ccc(O)cc1O.Oc1ccc(C2CCCCC2)c(O)c1 UPXUUCBQSRQWMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 13
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N all-trans-retinoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229930002330 retinoic acid Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000004907 Macro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000005207 1,3-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 0 *C1=C(/C=C/C(*)=C/C=C/C(*)=C/C)C(*)(*)CCC1 Chemical compound *C1=C(/C=C/C(*)=C/C=C/C(*)=C/C)C(*)(*)CCC1 0.000 description 3
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001166 anti-perspirative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003213 antiperspirant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940106189 ceramide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940031723 1,2-octanediol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940099451 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)OCC#CI WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YDNKGFDKKRUKPY-JHOUSYSJSA-N C16 ceramide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC YDNKGFDKKRUKPY-JHOUSYSJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRJGESKKUOMBCT-VQTJNVASSA-N N-acetylsphinganine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)NC(C)=O CRJGESKKUOMBCT-VQTJNVASSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N Octyl 4-methoxycinnamic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YDBCQZCJDPGBBE-BVYOMHTDSA-N [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl] (2z,4e,6e,8e)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)COC(=O)\C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C YDBCQZCJDPGBBE-BVYOMHTDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 210000000617 arm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZVEQCJWYRWKARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceramide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(O)C=CCCC=C(C)CCCCCCCCC ZVEQCJWYRWKARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004247 hand Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVGIYYKRAMHVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N newbouldiamide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC VVGIYYKRAMHVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CO AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxybenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N petroselinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 2
- FWFUWXVFYKCSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C FWFUWXVFYKCSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N squalane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- WWUZIQQURGPMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (-)-D-erythro-Sphingosine Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(O)C(N)CO WWUZIQQURGPMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OJISWRZIEWCUBN-QIRCYJPOSA-N (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CO OJISWRZIEWCUBN-QIRCYJPOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OWEGWHBOCFMBLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OWEGWHBOCFMBLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AMRBZKOCOOPYNY-QXMHVHEDSA-N 2-[dimethyl-[(z)-octadec-9-enyl]azaniumyl]acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O AMRBZKOCOOPYNY-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSCJHTSDLYVCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 4-[[4-[4-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)anilino]-6-[4-(2-ethylhexoxycarbonyl)anilino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=CC=C1NC1=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=N1 OSCJHTSDLYVCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IREAODMQYCOAGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(hexadecanoylamino)propyl-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C IREAODMQYCOAGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANZUDYZHSVGBRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylnonane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)(CC)C(O)CO ANZUDYZHSVGBRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FMJSMJQBSVNSBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octocrylene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C(C#N)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FMJSMJQBSVNSBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000601 octocrylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BARWIPMJPCRCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleic acid oleyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC BARWIPMJPCRCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N oleyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940037624 palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940100460 peg-100 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008845 photoaging Effects 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000059 polyethylene glycol stearate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010483 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000249 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- NEOZOXKVMDBOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C NEOZOXKVMDBOSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004492 retinoid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000002020 sage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004761 scalp Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019259 sodium dehydroacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940079839 sodium dehydroacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M sodium;(1e)-1-(6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C([O-])=C1/C(=O)OC(C)=CC1=O DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GOJYXPWOUJYXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-1-ium-1-yl]acetate;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCC[N+]1(CCO)CC([O-])=O GOJYXPWOUJYXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012177 spermaceti Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940084106 spermaceti Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940032094 squalane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116199 stearamide amp Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940104261 taurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC DZKXJUASMGQEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002663 thioctic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Octadec-5-ensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaprin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTJNEBVCZXHBNJ-XCTPRCOBSA-H trimagnesium;(2r)-2-[(1s)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2h-furan-5-one;diphosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O HTJNEBVCZXHBNJ-XCTPRCOBSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940096998 ursolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PLSAJKYPRJGMHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ursolic acid Natural products CC1CCC2(CCC3(C)C(C=CC4C5(C)CCC(O)C(C)(C)C5CCC34C)C2C1C)C(=O)O PLSAJKYPRJGMHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011708 vitamin B3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011726 vitamin B6 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003700 vitamin C derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003712 vitamin E derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
- A61K8/068—Microemulsions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
- A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
- A61K8/347—Phenols
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/67—Vitamins
- A61K8/671—Vitamin A; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ester of vitamin A acid, ester of retinol, retinol, retinal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/41—Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
- A61K2800/413—Nanosized, i.e. having sizes below 100 nm
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
- A61K2800/524—Preservatives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to nanoemulsions that stabilize actives like retinoic acid precursors. More particularly, the invention is directed to nanoemulsions that are preferably water continuous and suitable to be dispersed in end use skin benefit compositions.
- the nanoemulsions comprise at least 30% by weight oil, and surprisingly, improve color stability of actives present therein.
- compositions having, for example, actives such as retinoic acid precursors, resorcinols and the like. While such compositions can provide benefits to skin, instability of such actives typically results in formulation discoloration leading to consumer dissatisfaction with such compositions. This is true because a product that discolors often results in a consumer discarding the product for fear that the same is no longer efficacious.
- actives such as retinoic acid precursors, resorcinols and the like.
- This invention is directed to a skin benefit composition with stabilized actives like resorcinol and retinoic acid precursors.
- the composition of the present invention surprisingly can be topically applied without causing skin irritation and displays reduced discoloration while simultaneously delivering excellent skin benefits.
- the present invention includes a nanoemulsion with active that is suitable to be dispersed in a chassis to yield an end use skin benefit composition.
- the nanoemulsion comprises at least 30% by weight oil, and surprisingly, improves color stability of end use compositions they are formulated in by preventing degradation of active resulting from active exposure to heat, oxygen, ultraviolet light or the like.
- the present invention is directed to a nanoemulsion comprising:
- the nanoemulsion has a particle size from 0.05 microns to less than 1.5 microns and comprises at least 30% by weight oil.
- the invention is directed to an end use skin benefit composition comprising dispersed therein at least 25% by weight of the nanoemulsion of the first aspect of this invention.
- the invention is directed to a method for preventing composition discoloration by preparing an end use skin benefit composition with active in the nanoemulsion as described in the first aspect of the invention.
- Skin as used herein, is meant to include skin on the feet, face, neck, chest, back, arms, under arms, hands, legs, buttocks and scalp (including hair).
- the end use skin benefit composition of this invention includes creams, lotions, balms, serums, deodorants and antiperspirants, shampoos, conditioners, bars and liquid wash products.
- the end use composition of this invention is a leave-on composition like a leave-on cream or lotion, and especially, one to be applied to the face and/or hands.
- Active means an oil soluble agent that benefits skin (like a resorcinol derivative or the like) or a precursor to an agent that benefits skin like retinoic acid precursors. Active, therefore, is an agent that is suitable to be formulated in the oil phase of the nanoemulsion described in this invention to improve a skin characteristic.
- Retinoic acid precursor means a component that, when oxidized, can convert to retinoic acid (especially after penetrating the skin). Examples of such a component include retinol, retinal, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate, hydroxyanasatil retinoate (i.e., Retextra®) mixtures thereof or the like.
- End use skin benefit composition means a composition ready for application (e.g., topically) by a consumer.
- the end use skin benefit composition of the invention which is suitable to provide benefit to skin, carries in dispersed form the nanoemulsions described in this invention whereby the same may be interchangeably used with end use composition.
- the end use composition may have emulsion or structured water as a chassis to carry the nanoemulsion.
- the end use composition can be oil or water continuous, but a water continuous chassis and end use composition are preferred.
- Color stability means no visible change in color after spending 8 weeks at 45° C., and particularly, a ⁇ E of 10% or less (i.e., less color change) measured against macroemulsion of the same composition after assessing both compositions at, again, 45° C. after 8 weeks with a Hunter L,a,b Colorimeter.
- Resorcinol derivative means at least one hydrogen on the ring structure and/or on the hydroxy group of the resorcinol is/are replaced with, for example, an alkyl group.
- Nanoemulsion as used herein, means an emulsion having a particle size of 0.05 to less than 1.5 microns. Nanoemulsion also means the emulsion added to and dispersed in an emulsion or structured water to yield end use skin benefit composition. Macroemulsion means having a particle size of 1.5 microns or greater. Particle size, as used herein, means the largest measurable diameter (based on volume average of a non-perfect sphere) of the nanoemulsion particle.
- Structured water is defined to mean water with at least 0.2% by weight thickening agent and having a viscosity from 1,500 to 100,000 cps. Viscosity as noted herein is taken on a Brookfield Viscometer (DV-1+), sample temperature at 25 degrees celsius, 20 RPM, RVG, 30 seconds.
- active suitable for use in this invention is that the same is soluble in the oil within the internal phase of the nanoemulsion.
- Preferred actives suitable for use are retinoic acid precursors.
- Illustrative examples of the retinoic acid precursors that may be used in this invention include those represented by the formula
- each R is independently a hydrogen or a C 1-6 alkyl group and X is
- each R′ is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 3 alkyl and n is an integer from 0 to 16 (preferably, 1 to 5).
- the retinoic acid precursor is retinol, retinal, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate or a mixture thereof.
- Retinyl palmitate (n 14), R ⁇ CH 3 , R′ ⁇ H,
- Retinyl propionate is most preferred
- Still another retinoic acid precursor suitable for use is hydroxyanasatil retinoate made commercially available under the name Retextra® as supplied by Molecular Design International. The same may be used in a mixture with the precursors described herein.
- resorcinol benzenediol
- its derivatives like 4-ethyl resorcinol, 4-hexyl resorcinol, 4-phenylethyl resorcinol, 4-cyclopentyl resorcinol, 4-cyclohexyl resorcinol, 4-isopropyl resorcinol mixtures thereof or the like.
- Additional resorcinol derivatives suitable for use are 5-substituted resorcinol derivatives as described in commonly assigned U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2016/0000669A1. These additional resorcinols are represented by the formula
- R′′ and R′′′ are each independently an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or halogen.
- Preferred 5-substituted resorcinols include 4-cyclohexyl-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, 4-isopropyl-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, mixtures thereof or the like.
- the amount of active used in the nanoemulsions of this invention is from 0.001 to 10%, and preferably, from 0.01 to 6%, and most preferably, from 0.05 to 3.5%, based on total weight of the nanoemulsion and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Water typically makes up from 10% to less than 70%, and preferably, from 12% to 65%, and most preferably, from 19 to 55% by weight of the nanoemulsion, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- the nanoemulsion has a particle size from 0.1 to 0.8 microns, and preferably, from 0.1 to 0.6 microns.
- the nanoemulsion described in this invention is water continuous.
- the humectant suitable for use in the nanoemulsions of this invention is one which is water soluble and forms part of the phase with water present.
- Illustrative examples of the humectants suitable for use in the nanoemulsions include glycerine, glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hydroxypropyl sorbitol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, isoprene glycol, mixtures there or the like.
- the humectants suitable for use in the nanoemulsion of this invention make up from about 0.5 to 50%, and preferably, from 1 to 40%, and most preferably, from 1 to 35% by weight of the nanoemulsion, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Such humectants may be used in the chassis that forms part of the end use skin benefit compositions but usually at half the amounts noted for use in the nanoemulsions.
- the nanoemulsions of this invention will have cosmetically acceptable carriers, like oils, for oil soluble active to be dissolved therein.
- oils may also be used in forming the continuous or internal phase of the chassis used in combination with nanoemulsion for making the end use skin benefit composition when such chassis for the nanoemulsion is not structured water.
- water is the most preferred carrier. Amounts of water may range from 1 to less than 75%, and preferably, from 5 to less than 70%, and most preferably, from 35 to 65%, and optimally, from 40 to 65% by weight, based on total weight of the chassis of the end use skin benefit composition and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- the end use compositions of this invention will be water and oil emulsions, most preferably, of the oil-in-water variety. Water-in-oil emulsions, and especially, those generally classified as water-in-oil and high internal phase emulsions are, however, an option.
- Mineral oils, silicone oils, esters, and alcohols can be used in the nanoemulsion and chassis of the end use skin benefit composition described herein. Amounts of these materials may collectively range from 0.1 to less than 75%, and preferably, from 0.1 to 45%, and most preferably, from 1 to 20% by weight of the chassis of the end use skin benefit composition of this invention, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- the nanoemulsion typically the same comprises at least 30% by weight oil, and preferably, from 30 to 65%, and most preferably, from 36 to 60% by weight oil, based on total weight of the nanoemulsion and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Silicone oils suitable for use in the nanoemulsions and the chassis of the end use skin benefit compositions of this invention, may be divided into the volatile and non-volatile variety.
- volatile refers to those materials which have a measurable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
- Volatile silicone oils are preferably chosen from cyclic or linear polydimethylsiloxanes containing from 3 to 9, and preferably, from 4 to 5 silicon atoms.
- Linear volatile silicone materials generally have viscosities of less than 5 centistokes at 25° C. while cyclic materials typically have viscosities of less than about 10 centistokes.
- Nonvolatile silicone oils useful as carrier material include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes and polyether siloxane copolymers.
- the essentially non-volatile polyalkyl siloxanes useful herein include, for example, polydimethylsiloxanes (like dimethicone) with viscosities of from 5 to 100,000 centipoise at 25° C.
- An often preferred silicone source is a cyclopentasiloxane and dimethiconol solution.
- esters are:
- oils such as caprylic capric triglyceride are preferred as carriers.
- Emulsifiers suitable for use in the nanoemulsions and the chassis used to yield the end use skin benefit compositions of the present invention will have an HLB from 4-17.
- the HLB of the emulsifier used will be 4-6 when oil continuous emulsions and nanoemulsions are desired.
- the emulsions have an HLB from 7 to 17, and preferably, from 7 to 16, and most preferably, 8 to 14, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Total concentration of the emulsifier (in the chassis used for end use composition) may range from about 0.1 to 40%, and preferably, from 1 to 20%, and most preferably, from 1 to 5% by weight of the composition, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Total amount of emulsifier used within the nanoemulsion is typically from 5 to 18%, and preferably, from 6 to 15%, and most preferably, from 7 to 11% by weight, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- the emulsifier may be selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric actives.
- nonionics are those with a C 10 -C 20 fatty alcohol or acid hydrophobe condensed with from about 2 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide per mole of hydrophobe; C 2 -C 10 alkyl phenols condensed with from 2 to 20 moles of alkylene oxide; mono- and di-fatty acid esters of ethylene glycol; fatty acid monoglyceride; sorbitan, mono- and di-C 8 -C 20 fatty acids; and polyoxyethylene sorbitan as well as combinations thereof.
- Alkyl polyglycosides and saccharide fatty amides are also suitable nonionic emulsifiers.
- Preferred anionic emulsifiers include alkyl ether sulfate and sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, C 8 -C 20 acyl isethionates, C 8 -C 20 alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates and combinations thereof.
- Cationic emulsifiers that may be used include, for example, palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride, distearyldimonium chloride and mixtures thereof.
- Useful amphoteric emulsifiers include cocoamidopropyl betaine, C 12 -C 20 trialkyl betaines, sodium lauroamphoacetate, and sodium laurodiamphoacetate or a mixture thereof.
- the generally preferred emulsifiers include glyceryl stearate, glycol stearate, stearamide AMP, PEG-100 stearate, cetyl alcohol as well as emulsifying/thickening additives like hydroxyethylacrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurates copolymer/squalane and mixtures thereof.
- the emulsifier used in the nanoemulsion is Tween® 40 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate).
- the nanoemulsions of this invention are used to prevent end use composition discoloration originating from actives.
- Preservatives can desirably be incorporated into the nanoemulsions and the chassis of the end use skin benefit compositions of this invention to protect against the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms.
- Suitable traditional preservatives for compositions of this invention are alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid.
- Other preservatives which have more recently come into use include hydantoin derivatives, propionate salts, and a variety of quaternary ammonium compounds.
- Cosmetic chemists are familiar with appropriate preservatives and routinely choose them to satisfy the preservative challenge test and to provide product stability.
- Particularly preferred preservatives are iodopropynyl butyl carbamate, phenoxyethanol, hydoxyacetophenore, 1,2-octanediol, ethylhexylglycerine, hexylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, imidazolidinyl urea, sodium dehydroacetate and benzyl alcohol.
- the preservatives should be selected having regard for the use of the composition and possible incompatibilities between the preservatives and other ingredients in the emulsion.
- preservatives are preferably employed in amounts ranging from 0.01% to 2% by weight of the total weight of the nanoemulsion and end use skin benefit composition, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Combinations of 1,2-octanediol and phenoxyethanol, or iodopropynyl butyl carbamate and phenoxyethaol are preferred, with phenoxyethanol making up from 35 to 65% by weight of the total weight of the preservative combination with the phenoxyethanol.
- Thickening agents may optionally be included in the nanoemulsions and the chassis of the end use skin benefit compositions of the present invention.
- Particularly useful are the polysaccharides. Examples include starches, natural/synthetic gums and cellulosics. Representative of the starches are chemically modified starches such as sodium hydroxypropyl starch phosphate and aluminum starch octenylsuccinate. Tapioca starch is often preferred. Suitable gums include xanthan, sclerotium, pectin, karaya, arabic, agar, guar, carrageenan, alginate and combinations thereof.
- Suitable cellulosics include hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and sodium carboxy methylcellulose.
- Synthetic polymers are yet another class of effective thickening agent. This category includes crosslinked polyacrylates such as the Carbomers, polyacrylamides such as Sepigel 305 and taurate copolymers such as Simulgel EG and Arlstoflex AVC, the copolymers being identified by respective INCI nomenclature as Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate and Acryloyl Dimethyltaurate/Vinyl Pyrrolidone Copolymer.
- Another preferred synthetic polymer suitable for thickening is an acrylate-based polymer made commercially available by Seppic and sold under the name Simulgel INS100.
- Amounts of the thickener, when used in the nanoemulsion and the chassis of the end use skin benefit composition when an emulsion may range from 0.0 to 5%, and preferably, from 0.1 to 2%, and most preferably, from 0.2 to 1.0% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or the chassis of the end use composition and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- the structured water typically comprises from 0.2 to 5%, and preferably, from 0.4 to 2.5%, and most preferably, from 0.5 to 1.6% by weight thickener, based on total weight of the end use skin benefit composition, and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- structured water When structured water is the chassis, it is typically from 35 to 75%, and preferably, from 40 to 70%, and most preferably, from 45 to 65% by weight water, based on total weight of the structured water and including all ranges subsumed therein. Typically, at least 25% and often from about 30 to 60%, and preferably, 35 to 60%, and most preferably, 40 to 50% by weight nanoemulsion is added to emulsion chassis or structured water chassis to yield end use skin benefit composition, based on total weight of the end use skin benefit composition and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- the oil and water phases described herein may include additional optional additives (skin benefit agents or actives that generally do not contribute to composition discoloration) that are soluble in them.
- additional optional additives skin benefit agents or actives that generally do not contribute to composition discoloration
- Illustrative examples are vitamins like Vitamin B 2 , Vitamin B 3 (niacinamide), Vitamin B 6 , Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folic Acid and Biotin.
- Derivatives of the vitamins may also be employed.
- Vitamin C derivatives include ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and ascorbyl glycoside.
- Derivatives of Vitamin E include tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl palmitate and tocopheryl linoleate.
- DL-panthenol and derivatives may also be employed and Vitamin D and K are also options.
- Total amount of optional vitamins when present in either phase may range from 0.0 to 10%, preferably from 0.001 to 1%, optimally from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis of the end use skin benefit composition.
- additives suitable for use in this invention include alpha-and/or beta-hydroxyacids, 12-hydroxystearic acid, petroselinic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, creatine, creatinine, retinoid boosters (e.g., climbazole, bifonazole, farnesole, glycyrrchetinic acid, ursolic acid, geranyl geraniol, oleyl betaine, hexanoyl sphingosine) mixtures thereof or the like.
- Such additives when used, collectively make up from about 0.001 to about 12% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or the chassis of end use composition.
- desquamation promoters may be present.
- alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
- the term “acid” is meant to include not only the free acid but also salts and C 1 -C 30 alkyl or aryl esters thereof and lactones generated from removal of water to form cyclic or linear lactone structures.
- Representative acids are glycolic and its derivatives, lactic and malic acids.
- Salicylic acid is representative of the beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids. Amounts of these materials when present may range from 0.01 to 15% by weight of the nanoemulsion and chassis, indvidually.
- a variety of herbal extracts may optionally be included in the nanoemulsion and/or end use compositions of this invention.
- the extracts may either be water soluble or water-insoluble and thus carried in a solvent which respectively is hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Water and ethanol are the preferred extract solvents.
- Illustrative extracts include those from green tea, yarrow, chamomile, licorice, aloe vera, grape seed, citrus unshui, willow bark, sage, thyme and rosemary. Typically, and when present, extracts make up from about 0.01 to 2% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis of the end use composition.
- chelators e.g., EDTA
- opacifiers like TIO 2 , particle size from 50 to 1200 nm, and preferably, 50 to 350 nm
- C 8-22 fatty acid substituted saccharides like TIO 2 , particle size from 50 to 1200 nm, and preferably, 50 to 350 nm
- C 8-22 fatty acid substituted saccharides like lipoic acid, retinoxytrimethylsilane (available from Clariant Corp. under the SilCare IM-75 trademark), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and combinations thereof.
- Ceramides including Ceramide I, Ceramide 3, Ceramide 36 and Ceramide 6 as well as pseudoceramides may also be useful. Amounts of these materials may range from 0.000001 to 10%, preferably from 0.0001 to 1% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis end use composition of this invention.
- Sunscreen actives may also be included in the nanoemulsions and/or chassis of the end use compositions of the present invention. Particularly preferred are such materials as ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate, available as Parsol MCX, Avobenzene, available as Parsol 1789 and benzophenone-3, also known as Oxybenzone.
- Inorganic sunscreen actives may be employed such as microfine titanium dioxide, octocrylene, zinc oxide, polyethylene and various other polymers.
- Amounts of the sunscreen agents when present may generally range from 0.1 to 30%, preferably from 0.5 to 20%, optimally from 0.75 to 10% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis of the end use composition.
- Fragrances, fixatives and abrasives may optionally be included in end use skin benefit compositions of the present invention.
- Each of these substances may range from about 0.05 to about 5%, preferably between 0.1 and 3% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis of the end use composition.
- buffers/pH modifiers may be used in the nanoemulsions and/or end use compositions of this invention. These include commonly employed additives like sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, citric acid and citrate/citric acid buffers.
- the pH of the nanoemulsion and chassis of the end use composition of this invention is from 4 to 8, and preferably, from 4.25 to 7.75, and most preferably, from 6 to 7.5, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- the nanoemulsions described in this invention may be prepared by mixing water, oil, active, humectant and emulsifier with a commercially available sonicator like those sold under the name Q Sonica, Mettler and EpiShearTM.
- An often preferred technique includes use of a high pressure homogenizer such as one sold under the name Nano DeBEE from BEE international with homogenization pressure set at 1500 to 6000 psi, and preferably 1750 to 3500 psi, and most preferably from 1850 to 2500 psi, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Macroemulsions described in this invention may be made using standard rotor/stator mixers such as those made commercially available as a Silverson L4R mixer.
- the desired ingredients are mixed under moderate shear and atmospheric pressure with a commercially available homogonizer.
- the viscosity of the nanoemulsions and end use skin benefit composition is from 1500 to 100,000 cps, and preferably, from 3000 to 75,000 cps, and most preferably from 5,000 to 20,000 cps, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Packaging can be employed to store and deliver the end use skin benefit composition of this invention.
- Packaging is often dependent upon the type of personal care end-use.
- leave-on skin lotions and creams, shampoos, conditioners and shower gels generally employ plastic containers with an opening at a dispensing end covered by a closure.
- Typical closures are screw-caps, nonaerosol pumps and flip-top hinged lids.
- Packaging for antiperspirants, deodorants and depilatories may involve a container with a roll-on ball on a dispensing end.
- these types of personal care products may be delivered in a composition formulation in a container with a propel repel mechanism.
- Metallic cans pressurized by a propellant and having a spray nozzle serve as packaging for antiperspirants, shave creams and other personal care products.
- Macroemulsions were made by mixing the identified ingredients using a bench top Silverson L4R rotor/stator mixer. The nanoemulsions were made by passing the resulting macroemulsions through a BEE International Nano DeBEE high pressure homogonizer with pressure set at 2000 psi. The resulting emulsions had a particle size as indicated. All samples had 0.6% by weight retinyl propionate.
- End use skin care compositions were made by mixing, under moderate shear (ambient temperature and atmosphere pressure), the emulsions identified in Example 1 with structured water chassis as identified below.
- Color stability of the end use skin benefit compositions made in Table II was assessed at 4 and 8 weeks. Temperature was kept constant at 45° C. The apparatus used to assess color stability was a Hunter L, a, b Colorimeter.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention is directed to nanoemulsions that stabilize actives like retinoic acid precursors. More particularly, the invention is directed to nanoemulsions that are preferably water continuous and suitable to be dispersed in end use skin benefit compositions. The nanoemulsions comprise at least 30% by weight oil, and surprisingly, improve color stability of actives present therein.
- Many consumers find it desirable to deliver skin benefits via methods that rely on the application of topical compositions. This is especially true when consumers wish to look younger by reducing facial lines and wrinkles as well as blotchy color marks on the skin.
- Minimizing cutaneous aging, both intrinsic and from photoaging, is often attempted with compositions having, for example, actives such as retinoic acid precursors, resorcinols and the like. While such compositions can provide benefits to skin, instability of such actives typically results in formulation discoloration leading to consumer dissatisfaction with such compositions. This is true because a product that discolors often results in a consumer discarding the product for fear that the same is no longer efficacious.
- It is of increasing interest to develop a stable skin benefit composition with active where the same is suitable to provide benefits to skin and has reduced amounts of premature discoloration originating from the active present therein.
- This invention, therefore, is directed to a skin benefit composition with stabilized actives like resorcinol and retinoic acid precursors. The composition of the present invention surprisingly can be topically applied without causing skin irritation and displays reduced discoloration while simultaneously delivering excellent skin benefits. The present invention includes a nanoemulsion with active that is suitable to be dispersed in a chassis to yield an end use skin benefit composition. The nanoemulsion comprises at least 30% by weight oil, and surprisingly, improves color stability of end use compositions they are formulated in by preventing degradation of active resulting from active exposure to heat, oxygen, ultraviolet light or the like.
- Efforts have been disclosed for making formulations to treat skin. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,828, retinol comprising compositions with volatile silicones are described.
- Still other efforts have been disclosed for making formulations to treat skin. In U.S. Patent Application No. 2010/0305218, oil-in-water nanoemulsions suitable as active delivery vehicles are described.
- Even other efforts have been disclosed for making formulations to treat skin. In BRP10905347, deformable nanocapsules are described.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,863,897, 6,869,598, and 6,858,217 all describe topical compositions with resorcinols. In Korean Patent KR101002433B1, nanoemulsions with actives are described.
- None of the additional information above describes a composition with stabilized actives as claimed in this invention.
- In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to a nanoemulsion comprising:
-
- (a) active;
- (b) water;
- (c) water soluble humectant;
- (d) oil, and
- (e) emulsifier
- wherein the active is soluble in the oil, the nanoemulsion has a particle size from 0.05 microns to less than 1.5 microns and comprises at least 30% by weight oil.
- In a second aspect, the invention is directed to an end use skin benefit composition comprising dispersed therein at least 25% by weight of the nanoemulsion of the first aspect of this invention.
- In a third aspect, the invention is directed to a method for preventing composition discoloration by preparing an end use skin benefit composition with active in the nanoemulsion as described in the first aspect of the invention.
- All other aspects of the present invention will readily become apparent upon considering the detailed description and examples which follow.
- Skin, as used herein, is meant to include skin on the feet, face, neck, chest, back, arms, under arms, hands, legs, buttocks and scalp (including hair). The end use skin benefit composition of this invention includes creams, lotions, balms, serums, deodorants and antiperspirants, shampoos, conditioners, bars and liquid wash products. In a preferred embodiment, the end use composition of this invention is a leave-on composition like a leave-on cream or lotion, and especially, one to be applied to the face and/or hands.
- Active, as used herein, means an oil soluble agent that benefits skin (like a resorcinol derivative or the like) or a precursor to an agent that benefits skin like retinoic acid precursors. Active, therefore, is an agent that is suitable to be formulated in the oil phase of the nanoemulsion described in this invention to improve a skin characteristic. Retinoic acid precursor means a component that, when oxidized, can convert to retinoic acid (especially after penetrating the skin). Examples of such a component include retinol, retinal, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate, hydroxyanasatil retinoate (i.e., Retextra®) mixtures thereof or the like. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all ranges described herein are meant to include all ranges subsumed therein. The term comprises is meant to encompass the terms consisting essentially of and consisting of. For the avoidance of doubt, and for example, a composition comprising retinoic acid precursor and resorcinol is also meant to include a composition consisting essentially of and a composition consisting of the same. All percentages used herein are meant to be by weight unless stated otherwise. End use skin benefit composition means a composition ready for application (e.g., topically) by a consumer. The end use skin benefit composition of the invention, which is suitable to provide benefit to skin, carries in dispersed form the nanoemulsions described in this invention whereby the same may be interchangeably used with end use composition. The end use composition may have emulsion or structured water as a chassis to carry the nanoemulsion. The end use composition can be oil or water continuous, but a water continuous chassis and end use composition are preferred. Color stability means no visible change in color after spending 8 weeks at 45° C., and particularly, a ΔE of 10% or less (i.e., less color change) measured against macroemulsion of the same composition after assessing both compositions at, again, 45° C. after 8 weeks with a Hunter L,a,b Colorimeter. Resorcinol derivative means at least one hydrogen on the ring structure and/or on the hydroxy group of the resorcinol is/are replaced with, for example, an alkyl group. Nanoemulsion, as used herein, means an emulsion having a particle size of 0.05 to less than 1.5 microns. Nanoemulsion also means the emulsion added to and dispersed in an emulsion or structured water to yield end use skin benefit composition. Macroemulsion means having a particle size of 1.5 microns or greater. Particle size, as used herein, means the largest measurable diameter (based on volume average of a non-perfect sphere) of the nanoemulsion particle. Structured water is defined to mean water with at least 0.2% by weight thickening agent and having a viscosity from 1,500 to 100,000 cps. Viscosity as noted herein is taken on a Brookfield Viscometer (DV-1+), sample temperature at 25 degrees celsius, 20 RPM, RVG, 30 seconds.
- Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amounts or ratios of materials or conditions and/or physical properties of materials and/or use thereof are to be understood as modified by the word “about”.
- The only limitation with respect to the active suitable for use in this invention is that the same is soluble in the oil within the internal phase of the nanoemulsion. Preferred actives suitable for use are retinoic acid precursors. Illustrative examples of the retinoic acid precursors that may be used in this invention include those represented by the formula
- where each R is independently a hydrogen or a C1-6 alkyl group and X is
- and further where each R′ is hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl and n is an integer from 0 to 16 (preferably, 1 to 5).
- Preferably, the retinoic acid precursor is retinol, retinal, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate or a mixture thereof. Retinyl palmitate (n=14), R═CH3, R′═H,
- is a preferred retinoic acid precursor. Retinyl propionate is most preferred,
- Still another retinoic acid precursor suitable for use is hydroxyanasatil retinoate made commercially available under the name Retextra® as supplied by Molecular Design International. The same may be used in a mixture with the precursors described herein.
- Other preferred actives suitable for use include resorcinol (benzenediol) and its derivatives like 4-ethyl resorcinol, 4-hexyl resorcinol, 4-phenylethyl resorcinol, 4-cyclopentyl resorcinol, 4-cyclohexyl resorcinol, 4-isopropyl resorcinol mixtures thereof or the like. Additional resorcinol derivatives suitable for use are 5-substituted resorcinol derivatives as described in commonly assigned U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2016/0000669A1. These additional resorcinols are represented by the formula
- where R″ and R′″ are each independently an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or halogen. Preferred 5-substituted resorcinols include 4-cyclohexyl-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, 4-isopropyl-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, mixtures thereof or the like.
- Typically the amount of active used in the nanoemulsions of this invention is from 0.001 to 10%, and preferably, from 0.01 to 6%, and most preferably, from 0.05 to 3.5%, based on total weight of the nanoemulsion and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Water typically makes up from 10% to less than 70%, and preferably, from 12% to 65%, and most preferably, from 19 to 55% by weight of the nanoemulsion, including all ranges subsumed therein. In a preferred embodiment, the nanoemulsion has a particle size from 0.1 to 0.8 microns, and preferably, from 0.1 to 0.6 microns. In a most preferred embodiment, the nanoemulsion described in this invention is water continuous.
- The humectant suitable for use in the nanoemulsions of this invention is one which is water soluble and forms part of the phase with water present. Illustrative examples of the humectants suitable for use in the nanoemulsions include glycerine, glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hydroxypropyl sorbitol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, isoprene glycol, mixtures there or the like.
- Typically, the humectants suitable for use in the nanoemulsion of this invention make up from about 0.5 to 50%, and preferably, from 1 to 40%, and most preferably, from 1 to 35% by weight of the nanoemulsion, including all ranges subsumed therein. Such humectants may be used in the chassis that forms part of the end use skin benefit compositions but usually at half the amounts noted for use in the nanoemulsions.
- The nanoemulsions of this invention will have cosmetically acceptable carriers, like oils, for oil soluble active to be dissolved therein. Such oils may also be used in forming the continuous or internal phase of the chassis used in combination with nanoemulsion for making the end use skin benefit composition when such chassis for the nanoemulsion is not structured water.
- As to the chassis of the end use skin benefit compositions, water is the most preferred carrier. Amounts of water may range from 1 to less than 75%, and preferably, from 5 to less than 70%, and most preferably, from 35 to 65%, and optimally, from 40 to 65% by weight, based on total weight of the chassis of the end use skin benefit composition and including all ranges subsumed therein. Ordinarily the end use compositions of this invention will be water and oil emulsions, most preferably, of the oil-in-water variety. Water-in-oil emulsions, and especially, those generally classified as water-in-oil and high internal phase emulsions are, however, an option. Illustrative examples of the high internal phase emulsions suitable to act as a chassis for the nanoemulsions of this invention are described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0311058 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,425,882.
- Mineral oils, silicone oils, esters, and alcohols can be used in the nanoemulsion and chassis of the end use skin benefit composition described herein. Amounts of these materials may collectively range from 0.1 to less than 75%, and preferably, from 0.1 to 45%, and most preferably, from 1 to 20% by weight of the chassis of the end use skin benefit composition of this invention, including all ranges subsumed therein. As to the nanoemulsion, typically the same comprises at least 30% by weight oil, and preferably, from 30 to 65%, and most preferably, from 36 to 60% by weight oil, based on total weight of the nanoemulsion and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- Silicone oils, suitable for use in the nanoemulsions and the chassis of the end use skin benefit compositions of this invention, may be divided into the volatile and non-volatile variety. The term “volatile” as used herein refers to those materials which have a measurable vapor pressure at ambient temperature. Volatile silicone oils are preferably chosen from cyclic or linear polydimethylsiloxanes containing from 3 to 9, and preferably, from 4 to 5 silicon atoms.
- Linear volatile silicone materials generally have viscosities of less than 5 centistokes at 25° C. while cyclic materials typically have viscosities of less than about 10 centistokes.
- Nonvolatile silicone oils useful as carrier material include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes and polyether siloxane copolymers. The essentially non-volatile polyalkyl siloxanes useful herein include, for example, polydimethylsiloxanes (like dimethicone) with viscosities of from 5 to 100,000 centipoise at 25° C.
- An often preferred silicone source is a cyclopentasiloxane and dimethiconol solution.
- Among suitable esters are:
-
- (I) Alkenyl or alkyl esters of fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms like isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl isostearate, isononyl isonanonoate, oleyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, oleyl stearate, and oleyl oleate;
- (2) Ether-esters such as fatty acid esters of ethoxylated fatty alcohols;
- (3) Polyhydric alcohol esters such as ethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, diethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol (200-6000) mono- and di-fatty acid esters, propylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycol 2000 monooleate, polypropylene glycol 2000 mono stearate, ethoxylated propylene glycol monostearate, glyceryl mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polyglycerol poly-fatty esters, ethoxylated glyceryl mono-stearate, 1,3-butylene glycol monostearate, 1,3-butylene glycol distearate, polyoxyethylene polyol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters;
- (4) Wax esters such as beeswax, spermaceti, myristyl myristate, stearyl stearate; and
- (5) Sterol esters, of which soya sterol and cholesterol fatty acid esters are examples thereof.
- Often, oils such as caprylic capric triglyceride are preferred as carriers.
- Emulsifiers suitable for use in the nanoemulsions and the chassis used to yield the end use skin benefit compositions of the present invention (when the chassis is not structured water) will have an HLB from 4-17. The HLB of the emulsifier used will be 4-6 when oil continuous emulsions and nanoemulsions are desired. Preferably the emulsions have an HLB from 7 to 17, and preferably, from 7 to 16, and most preferably, 8 to 14, including all ranges subsumed therein. Total concentration of the emulsifier (in the chassis used for end use composition) may range from about 0.1 to 40%, and preferably, from 1 to 20%, and most preferably, from 1 to 5% by weight of the composition, including all ranges subsumed therein. Total amount of emulsifier used within the nanoemulsion is typically from 5 to 18%, and preferably, from 6 to 15%, and most preferably, from 7 to 11% by weight, including all ranges subsumed therein. The emulsifier may be selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric actives. Particularly preferred nonionics are those with a C10-C20 fatty alcohol or acid hydrophobe condensed with from about 2 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide per mole of hydrophobe; C2-C10 alkyl phenols condensed with from 2 to 20 moles of alkylene oxide; mono- and di-fatty acid esters of ethylene glycol; fatty acid monoglyceride; sorbitan, mono- and di-C8-C20 fatty acids; and polyoxyethylene sorbitan as well as combinations thereof. Alkyl polyglycosides and saccharide fatty amides (e.g. methyl gluconamides) are also suitable nonionic emulsifiers.
- Preferred anionic emulsifiers include alkyl ether sulfate and sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, C8-C20 acyl isethionates, C8-C20 alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates and combinations thereof.
- Cationic emulsifiers that may be used include, for example, palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride, distearyldimonium chloride and mixtures thereof. Useful amphoteric emulsifiers include cocoamidopropyl betaine, C12-C20 trialkyl betaines, sodium lauroamphoacetate, and sodium laurodiamphoacetate or a mixture thereof.
- The generally preferred emulsifiers include glyceryl stearate, glycol stearate, stearamide AMP, PEG-100 stearate, cetyl alcohol as well as emulsifying/thickening additives like hydroxyethylacrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurates copolymer/squalane and mixtures thereof.
- In an especially preferred emobodiment, the emulsifier used in the nanoemulsion is Tween® 40 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate). In another especially preferred embodiment, the nanoemulsions of this invention are used to prevent end use composition discoloration originating from actives.
- Preservatives can desirably be incorporated into the nanoemulsions and the chassis of the end use skin benefit compositions of this invention to protect against the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms. Suitable traditional preservatives for compositions of this invention are alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid. Other preservatives which have more recently come into use include hydantoin derivatives, propionate salts, and a variety of quaternary ammonium compounds. Cosmetic chemists are familiar with appropriate preservatives and routinely choose them to satisfy the preservative challenge test and to provide product stability. Particularly preferred preservatives are iodopropynyl butyl carbamate, phenoxyethanol, hydoxyacetophenore, 1,2-octanediol, ethylhexylglycerine, hexylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, imidazolidinyl urea, sodium dehydroacetate and benzyl alcohol. The preservatives should be selected having regard for the use of the composition and possible incompatibilities between the preservatives and other ingredients in the emulsion. Whether nanoemulsion or the chassis of the end use skin benefit composition, preservatives are preferably employed in amounts ranging from 0.01% to 2% by weight of the total weight of the nanoemulsion and end use skin benefit composition, including all ranges subsumed therein. Combinations of 1,2-octanediol and phenoxyethanol, or iodopropynyl butyl carbamate and phenoxyethaol are preferred, with phenoxyethanol making up from 35 to 65% by weight of the total weight of the preservative combination with the phenoxyethanol.
- Thickening agents may optionally be included in the nanoemulsions and the chassis of the end use skin benefit compositions of the present invention. Particularly useful are the polysaccharides. Examples include starches, natural/synthetic gums and cellulosics. Representative of the starches are chemically modified starches such as sodium hydroxypropyl starch phosphate and aluminum starch octenylsuccinate. Tapioca starch is often preferred. Suitable gums include xanthan, sclerotium, pectin, karaya, arabic, agar, guar, carrageenan, alginate and combinations thereof. Suitable cellulosics include hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and sodium carboxy methylcellulose. Synthetic polymers are yet another class of effective thickening agent. This category includes crosslinked polyacrylates such as the Carbomers, polyacrylamides such as Sepigel 305 and taurate copolymers such as Simulgel EG and Arlstoflex AVC, the copolymers being identified by respective INCI nomenclature as Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate and Acryloyl Dimethyltaurate/Vinyl Pyrrolidone Copolymer. Another preferred synthetic polymer suitable for thickening is an acrylate-based polymer made commercially available by Seppic and sold under the name Simulgel INS100.
- Amounts of the thickener, when used in the nanoemulsion and the chassis of the end use skin benefit composition when an emulsion may range from 0.0 to 5%, and preferably, from 0.1 to 2%, and most preferably, from 0.2 to 1.0% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or the chassis of the end use composition and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- When the end use skin benefit composition is nanoemulsion dispersed in structured water, the structured water typically comprises from 0.2 to 5%, and preferably, from 0.4 to 2.5%, and most preferably, from 0.5 to 1.6% by weight thickener, based on total weight of the end use skin benefit composition, and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- When structured water is the chassis, it is typically from 35 to 75%, and preferably, from 40 to 70%, and most preferably, from 45 to 65% by weight water, based on total weight of the structured water and including all ranges subsumed therein. Typically, at least 25% and often from about 30 to 60%, and preferably, 35 to 60%, and most preferably, 40 to 50% by weight nanoemulsion is added to emulsion chassis or structured water chassis to yield end use skin benefit composition, based on total weight of the end use skin benefit composition and including all ranges subsumed therein.
- The oil and water phases described herein (whether nanoemulsion or chassis) may include additional optional additives (skin benefit agents or actives that generally do not contribute to composition discoloration) that are soluble in them. Illustrative examples are vitamins like Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3 (niacinamide), Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folic Acid and Biotin. Derivatives of the vitamins may also be employed. For instance, Vitamin C derivatives include ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and ascorbyl glycoside. Derivatives of Vitamin E include tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl palmitate and tocopheryl linoleate. DL-panthenol and derivatives may also be employed and Vitamin D and K are also options. Total amount of optional vitamins when present in either phase may range from 0.0 to 10%, preferably from 0.001 to 1%, optimally from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis of the end use skin benefit composition.
- Other optional additives suitable for use in this invention include alpha-and/or beta-hydroxyacids, 12-hydroxystearic acid, petroselinic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, creatine, creatinine, retinoid boosters (e.g., climbazole, bifonazole, farnesole, glycyrrchetinic acid, ursolic acid, geranyl geraniol, oleyl betaine, hexanoyl sphingosine) mixtures thereof or the like. Such additives, when used, collectively make up from about 0.001 to about 12% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or the chassis of end use composition.
- Optionally, and in the end use skin benefit composition, desquamation promoters may be present. Illustrative are the alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids. The term “acid” is meant to include not only the free acid but also salts and C1-C30 alkyl or aryl esters thereof and lactones generated from removal of water to form cyclic or linear lactone structures. Representative acids are glycolic and its derivatives, lactic and malic acids. Salicylic acid is representative of the beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids. Amounts of these materials when present may range from 0.01 to 15% by weight of the nanoemulsion and chassis, indvidually.
- A variety of herbal extracts may optionally be included in the nanoemulsion and/or end use compositions of this invention. The extracts may either be water soluble or water-insoluble and thus carried in a solvent which respectively is hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Water and ethanol are the preferred extract solvents. Illustrative extracts include those from green tea, yarrow, chamomile, licorice, aloe vera, grape seed, citrus unshui, willow bark, sage, thyme and rosemary. Typically, and when present, extracts make up from about 0.01 to 2% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis of the end use composition.
- Also optionally suitable for use include materials like chelators (e.g., EDTA), opacifiers (like TIO2, particle size from 50 to 1200 nm, and preferably, 50 to 350 nm), C8-22 fatty acid substituted saccharides, lipoic acid, retinoxytrimethylsilane (available from Clariant Corp. under the SilCare IM-75 trademark), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and combinations thereof. Ceramides (including Ceramide I, Ceramide 3, Ceramide 36 and Ceramide 6) as well as pseudoceramides may also be useful. Amounts of these materials may range from 0.000001 to 10%, preferably from 0.0001 to 1% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis end use composition of this invention.
- Sunscreen actives may also be included in the nanoemulsions and/or chassis of the end use compositions of the present invention. Particularly preferred are such materials as ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate, available as Parsol MCX, Avobenzene, available as Parsol 1789 and benzophenone-3, also known as Oxybenzone. Inorganic sunscreen actives may be employed such as microfine titanium dioxide, octocrylene, zinc oxide, polyethylene and various other polymers.
- Amounts of the sunscreen agents when present may generally range from 0.1 to 30%, preferably from 0.5 to 20%, optimally from 0.75 to 10% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis of the end use composition.
- Fragrances, fixatives and abrasives may optionally be included in end use skin benefit compositions of the present invention. Each of these substances may range from about 0.05 to about 5%, preferably between 0.1 and 3% by weight of the nanoemulsion and/or chassis of the end use composition.
- Conventional buffers/pH modifiers may be used in the nanoemulsions and/or end use compositions of this invention. These include commonly employed additives like sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, citric acid and citrate/citric acid buffers. In an especially preferred embodiment, the pH of the nanoemulsion and chassis of the end use composition of this invention is from 4 to 8, and preferably, from 4.25 to 7.75, and most preferably, from 6 to 7.5, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- The nanoemulsions described in this invention may be prepared by mixing water, oil, active, humectant and emulsifier with a commercially available sonicator like those sold under the name Q Sonica, Mettler and EpiShear™. An often preferred technique includes use of a high pressure homogenizer such as one sold under the name Nano DeBEE from BEE international with homogenization pressure set at 1500 to 6000 psi, and preferably 1750 to 3500 psi, and most preferably from 1850 to 2500 psi, including all ranges subsumed therein. Macroemulsions described in this invention may be made using standard rotor/stator mixers such as those made commercially available as a Silverson L4R mixer.
- When making the end use composition of this invention, the desired ingredients are mixed under moderate shear and atmospheric pressure with a commercially available homogonizer.
- The viscosity of the nanoemulsions and end use skin benefit composition is from 1500 to 100,000 cps, and preferably, from 3000 to 75,000 cps, and most preferably from 5,000 to 20,000 cps, including all ranges subsumed therein.
- A wide variety of packaging can be employed to store and deliver the end use skin benefit composition of this invention. Packaging is often dependent upon the type of personal care end-use. For instance, leave-on skin lotions and creams, shampoos, conditioners and shower gels generally employ plastic containers with an opening at a dispensing end covered by a closure. Typical closures are screw-caps, nonaerosol pumps and flip-top hinged lids. Packaging for antiperspirants, deodorants and depilatories may involve a container with a roll-on ball on a dispensing end. Alternatively these types of personal care products may be delivered in a composition formulation in a container with a propel repel mechanism. Metallic cans pressurized by a propellant and having a spray nozzle serve as packaging for antiperspirants, shave creams and other personal care products.
- The following examples are provided to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. The examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
- Macroemulsions were made by mixing the identified ingredients using a bench top Silverson L4R rotor/stator mixer. The nanoemulsions were made by passing the resulting macroemulsions through a BEE International Nano DeBEE high pressure homogonizer with pressure set at 2000 psi. The resulting emulsions had a particle size as indicated. All samples had 0.6% by weight retinyl propionate.
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TABLE I (Emulsions) Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Ingredients (weight %) (weight %) (weight %) Water Balance Balance Balance Glycerine 1.4 1.4 31.4 Mineral Oil 44 54 44 Emulsifier (HLB 15) 9.9 9.9 9.9 Macroemulsion 8.0 11.0 1.84 (particle size, microns) Nanoemulsion 0.3 0.65 0.27 (particle size, microns) - End use skin care compositions were made by mixing, under moderate shear (ambient temperature and atmosphere pressure), the emulsions identified in Example 1 with structured water chassis as identified below.
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TABLE II (End Use Compositions) Ingredient weight % Water Balance Glycerin 4 EDTA 0.03 Thickener* 0.8 Preservative 0.4 Nanoemulsion or Macroemulsion ** 45 *Ammonium Acryloy/dimethyltaurate/VP copolymer ** Six (6) end use compositions were made with nano- and macroemulsion taken from each Sample 1-3 as identified in Table 1 of Example 1. - Color stability of the end use skin benefit compositions made in Table II was assessed at 4 and 8 weeks. Temperature was kept constant at 45° C. The apparatus used to assess color stability was a Hunter L, a, b Colorimeter.
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TABLE III (ΔE at 4 and 8 weeks (of End Use Compositions of Table II) 4 weeks 8 weeks Sample 1 macroemulsion 7.4 11.4 Sample 1 nanoemulsion 4.0 6.5 Sample 2 macroemulsion 4.9 8.0 Sample 2 nanoemulsion 3.0 5.0 Sample 3 macroemulsion 7.8 8.2 Sample 3 nanoemulsion 4.5 7.3 - The results above in Table III unexpectedly show that when making an active comprising nanoemulsion according to this invention, color instability resulting from the active is reduced in end use skin benefit compositions.
Claims (13)
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PCT/EP2018/066640 WO2019011618A1 (en) | 2017-07-12 | 2018-06-21 | Nanoemulsions with color stabilized actives |
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KR20050024539A (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-10 | 주식회사 한생화장품 | Nano emulsion, preparing method thereof, and cosmetics composition containing the same |
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US6858217B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2005-02-22 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Stabilization of terpenoids in cosmetic compositions |
US6863897B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2005-03-08 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Stabilization of resorcinol derivatives in cosmetic compositions |
KR101002433B1 (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2010-12-17 | 주식회사 엘지생활건강 | nano-emulsion comprsing vitamine A or its derivatives and acetyl hexapeptide-3, and anti-wrinkle cosmetic preparation including the same |
KR100623013B1 (en) * | 2004-09-04 | 2006-09-19 | 김영대 | Nano-emulsion, the use thereof, and preparing method thereof |
US20080311058A1 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2008-12-18 | Connopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever | Stable high internal phase emulsions and compositions comprising the same |
WO2009067734A1 (en) | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-04 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Nanoemulsions |
CN101214199B (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2010-06-16 | 广东拉芳日化有限公司 | Nano active acne-eliminating cosmetic composition |
US8425882B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 | 2013-04-23 | Conopco, Inc. | In-shower and bath compositions |
WO2014131871A2 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-04 | L'oreal | Cosmetic composition in the form of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion for the oxidation dyeing of keratin fibres, and process for the same |
JP6313791B2 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2018-04-18 | ユニリーバー・ナームローゼ・ベンノートシヤープ | Resorcinol compounds for dermatological use |
US9872832B2 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-01-23 | LG Bionano, LLC | Nanoemulsions having reversible continuous and dispersed phases |
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