US20200338649A1 - Design for internal cooling passages for rotating cutting tools - Google Patents
Design for internal cooling passages for rotating cutting tools Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20200338649A1 US20200338649A1 US16/392,999 US201916392999A US2020338649A1 US 20200338649 A1 US20200338649 A1 US 20200338649A1 US 201916392999 A US201916392999 A US 201916392999A US 2020338649 A1 US2020338649 A1 US 2020338649A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cooling channel
- cutting edge
- shank
- liquid coolant
- tooth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/10—Cutting tools with special provision for cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/06—Drills with lubricating or cooling equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/02—Twist drills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/28—Features relating to lubricating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D77/00—Reaming tools
- B23D77/006—Reaming tools with means for lubricating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during turning, boring or drilling
- B23B2250/12—Cooling and lubrication
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during turning, boring or drilling
- B23B2250/12—Cooling and lubrication
- B23B2250/125—Improving heat transfer away from the working area of the tool by conduction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
- B23B2251/40—Flutes, i.e. chip conveying grooves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during milling
- B23C2250/12—Cooling and lubrication
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/44—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product
- Y10T408/45—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product including Tool with duct
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/44—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product
- Y10T408/45—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product including Tool with duct
- Y10T408/455—Conducting channel extending to end of Tool
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
- Y10T409/30—Milling
- Y10T409/303976—Milling with means to control temperature or lubricate
- Y10T409/304032—Cutter or work
Definitions
- the present disclosure is directed to supplying coolant to cutting tools that comprise internal cooling channels equipped to transport coolant to the cutting edge for end mills or drill tips for drills.
- the disclosure presents a cooling channel that incorporates a cross-section with an elongated shape.
- Machining metals and similar materials can require cutting fluids applied to the cutting area to suppress the high cutting temperature and lubricate tool-chip contact interface. Traditionally these fluids have been applied by various nozzles. It becomes more common to supply high pressure fluids through the tool, which is also referred to coolant through. Certain coolant-through cutting tools, such as milling cutters, drills and reamers, utilize circular (cross section) shaped channels to deliver fluid from the tool shank to the cutting area.
- a cutting tool comprising a tool body comprising a shank and a cutter opposite the shank, the tool body defining a length from a shank end to an end face opposite the shank end, a central axis extends along the length of the body; at least one tooth having a cutting edge, the cutting edge extending along the tooth from the shank to the end face; a flute formed adjacent the at least one tooth; at least one cooling channel formed in the tooth proximate the at least one cutting edge, the at least one cooling channel having an elongated cross sectional shape with an elliptical portion and a circular portion opposite the elliptical portion, wherein the elliptical portion is located proximate the cutting edge.
- the at least one cooling channel comprises a major axis aligned with a direction of resultant cutting force of the at least one cutting edge.
- the elongated cross sectional shape is configured to rout a liquid coolant toward the elliptical portion proximate the cutting edge from the circular portion.
- the at least one cooling channel is configured such that a centrifugal force propels the liquid coolant into the elliptical portion.
- the centrifugal force is aligned tangential to a flow direction of the liquid coolant within the at least one cooling channel.
- the elongated cross sectional shape of the at least one cooling channel is configured to maintain a liquid coolant within a nucleate boiling region.
- the elongated cross sectional shape of the at least one cooling channel is configured to force a liquid coolant toward a hottest portion of the tooth proximate the cutting edge.
- the liquid coolant is selected from the group consisting of water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.
- the at least one cooling channel extends through the body from the shank end to the end face.
- the at least one cooling channel extends to a cooling channel outlet at the end face.
- the at least one cooling channel is configured as an open system, such that the coolant exits the cooling channel outlet.
- the at least one cooling channel is configured as a closed system, such that the coolant is supplied from the shank end proximate to the end face and returns to the shank end within the tool body.
- the tool body comprises a central return cooling channel configured to carry coolant from the end face to the shank end.
- the elongated cross sectional shape and location is configured to rout a liquid coolant toward the elliptical portion proximate the cutting edge in which the coolant has vaporized.
- a process for cooling a cutting tool comprising providing a tool body comprising a shank with a shank end and a cutter opposite the shank, the cutter defining an end face; at least one tooth having a cutting edge, the cutting edge extending along the tooth from the shank to the end face; at least one cooling channel formed in the tooth proximate the at least one cutting edge, the at least one cooling channel having an elongated cross sectional shape with an elliptical portion and a circular portion opposite the elliptical portion, wherein the elliptical portion is located proximate the cutting edge; flowing a liquid coolant through the at least one cooling channel; and routing the liquid coolant within the elongated cross sectional shape from the circular portion toward the elliptical portion proximate the cutting edge.
- process further comprises propelling the liquid coolant with a centrifugal force into the elliptical portion of the at least one cooling channel.
- the centrifugal force is aligned tangential to a flow direction of the liquid coolant within the at least one cooling channel.
- the process further comprises maintaining the liquid coolant within a nucleate boiling region by use of the elongated cross sectional shape of the at least one cooling channel.
- the process further comprises forcing a liquid coolant toward a hottest portion of the tooth by employing the elongated cross sectional shape of the at least one cooling channel.
- the process further comprises routing the liquid coolant toward the elliptical portion in which the coolant has vaporized by locating the elongated cross sectional shape proximate the cutting edge.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an exemplary cutting tool.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the exemplary cutting tool of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a top view of the exemplary cutting tool of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the exemplary cutting tool of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 5 is an isometric view of an exemplary cutting tool with a closed cooling system.
- FIG. 6 is a side view of the exemplary cutting tool of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 7 is a top view of the exemplary cutting tool of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 8 is a section view A-A of the exemplary cutting tool of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary cutting tool.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of exemplary cooling channels within the exemplary cutting tool shown in FIG. 9 .
- FIG. 11 is a cross-section of an exemplary cooling channel.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-section of an exemplary cutting tool with a cooling channel with an enlarged detailed portion.
- a tool body 10 includes a shank 12 and a cutter 14 opposite the shank 12 .
- the tool body 10 defines a length L from a shank end 16 to an end face 18 opposite the shank end 16 .
- a central axis 20 extends along the length of the tool body 10 .
- the tool body 10 includes a tooth 22 having a cutting edge 24 .
- the cutting edge 24 extends along the tooth 22 from the shank 12 to the end face 18 .
- There can be multiple sets of the tooth 22 such as sets of 2, 3 or 4 of the cutting tooth 22 .
- a flute 26 is associated with the tooth 22 and extends along the tool body 10 up to the shank 12 .
- the shank 12 is the cylindrical non-fluted portion of the tool body 10 used to attach and locate the tool body 10 in a tool holder (not shown).
- the flutes 26 of the tool body 10 can be the deep helical grooves running up the cutter 14 .
- the cutting edge 24 (sharp blade) along the edge of the flute 26 defines the tooth 22 .
- the tooth 22 cuts the material, and chips (not shown) of this material are pulled up the flute 26 by the rotation of the cutter 14 .
- the flutes 26 along with cutting edge 24 of the tooth 22 can include a helix shape 28 that can have a variety of angles.
- the cutting tool 10 includes cooling channels 30 formed within cutting tool body 10 .
- the cooling channels 30 extend along the length of the cutting tool body 10 to deliver coolant 38 .
- the cooling channels 30 are formed in each tooth 22 proximate the cutting edge 24 .
- the cooling channel 30 has an elongated cross sectional shape 31 with an elliptical portion 32 and a circular portion 34 opposite the elliptical portion 32 .
- the elliptical portion 32 is located proximate the cutting edge 24 .
- the elongated cross sectional shape 31 retains the necessary mechanical strength of the cutting edge 24 .
- the elongated cross sectional shape 31 and the location of the cooling channel 30 relative to the cutting edge 24 are configured to rout a liquid portion of the coolant 38 toward the elliptical portion 32 proximate the cutting edge 24 in which the coolant 38 has already vaporized.
- the vaporized portion of the coolant 38 is less efficient at removing the thermal energy from the cutting edge 24 than the liquid coolant 38 .
- the cooling channel 30 is configured such that during operation a centrifugal force propels the liquid coolant 38 into the elliptical portion 32 of the cooling channel 30 , thus providing superior heat removal in that location.
- the centrifugal force can be aligned tangential to a flow direction 46 of the liquid coolant 38 within the cooling channel 30 .
- the elongated cross sectional shape of the cooling channel 30 is configured to maintain the liquid coolant 38 within a nucleate boiling region. Maintaining the coolant 38 within the nucleate boiling region improves the heat transfer from the cutting edge 24 .
- the elongated cross sectional shape 31 of the cooling channel 30 is configured to force the liquid coolant 38 toward the hottest portion of the tooth 22 , thus maximizing the removal of thermal energy being generated at the cutting edge 24 .
- the cooling channels 30 shown at FIGS. 1 to 4 are configured as an open system 36 .
- the channels 30 extend through the tool body 10 from the shank end 16 to the end face 18 .
- Coolant 38 flows out of a cooling channel outlet 40 at the end face 18 .
- the cooling channels 30 do not extend to the end face 18 .
- the cooling channels 30 are directed to central return cooling channel 42 configured to carry coolant 38 from the area near end face 18 to the shank end 16 .
- the configuration of the cooling channels 30 are part of a closed system 44 , such that the coolant 38 is supplied from the shank end 16 proximate to the end face 18 and returns to the shank end 16 within the tool body 10 .
- the coolant 38 can be selected from the group consisting of water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.
- the coolant 38 can include liquid nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, peanut oil and the like.
- the coolant 38 can comprise an energy efficient refrigerant medium, such as ammonia and carbon dioxide.
- the cooling channel 30 can be located relative to a cutter outer profile 52 at a distance D.
- the distance D can be quantified to be about a diameter 54 of the circular portion 34 or the length of a minor axis 56 of the elliptical portion 32 .
- the area of the elliptical portion 32 can include a ratio between the major axis 48 and the minor axis 56 from about 4 to about 8.
- the shape and size of the elliptical portion 32 is configured to enlarge a contact area 58 (heat transfer area) between the coolant 38 and the cutter 14 while utilizing the same amount of coolant 38 .
- a technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel includes increased heat transfer rates, and thus greater material removal rates because the high cutting speeds can be used due to the effective cooling for difficult-to-machine alloys.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel includes lower cost and higher productivity.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel includes the need for fewer cutting machines (lower capital investment).
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel results in reduced energy consumption for coolant delivery and mist collectors.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel includes an estimated reduction of energy consumption of up to 50% per manufacturing unit related directly and indirectly to the lack of having to produce the holistic modeling on optimal amounts of coolant needed for production.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel is an estimated reduction of 50% of power consumption in non-optimized facilities.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel can result in reduced usage and reduced waste of coolant, helping to ensure a more environmentally benign process.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel can result in improved tool life and machined surfaces due to the minimization of thermal shock from the machining process.
Abstract
Description
- This invention was made with Government support under contract LIFT007B-1 awarded by the United States Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in this invention.
- The present disclosure is directed to supplying coolant to cutting tools that comprise internal cooling channels equipped to transport coolant to the cutting edge for end mills or drill tips for drills. Particularly, the disclosure presents a cooling channel that incorporates a cross-section with an elongated shape.
- Machining metals and similar materials, can require cutting fluids applied to the cutting area to suppress the high cutting temperature and lubricate tool-chip contact interface. Traditionally these fluids have been applied by various nozzles. It becomes more common to supply high pressure fluids through the tool, which is also referred to coolant through. Certain coolant-through cutting tools, such as milling cutters, drills and reamers, utilize circular (cross section) shaped channels to deliver fluid from the tool shank to the cutting area.
- These state-of-the-art cooling passage designs have a variety of shortcomings. Current cooling channel design has ineffective cooling due to the relatively low heat transfer coefficients associated with cooling outside of the nucleate boiling region of the coolants utilized. The location and circular shape cross-section of current cooling channels do not provide effective cooling to the tool cutting edges where it is most required. Moreover, multi-axis milling centers require fluid pumps that consume high energy levels to deliver a large amount of coolant at high pressure.
- What is needed is an improved cooling channel with a cross-section that delivers coolant into regions that are the hottest.
- In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a cutting tool comprising a tool body comprising a shank and a cutter opposite the shank, the tool body defining a length from a shank end to an end face opposite the shank end, a central axis extends along the length of the body; at least one tooth having a cutting edge, the cutting edge extending along the tooth from the shank to the end face; a flute formed adjacent the at least one tooth; at least one cooling channel formed in the tooth proximate the at least one cutting edge, the at least one cooling channel having an elongated cross sectional shape with an elliptical portion and a circular portion opposite the elliptical portion, wherein the elliptical portion is located proximate the cutting edge.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the at least one cooling channel comprises a major axis aligned with a direction of resultant cutting force of the at least one cutting edge.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the elongated cross sectional shape is configured to rout a liquid coolant toward the elliptical portion proximate the cutting edge from the circular portion.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the at least one cooling channel is configured such that a centrifugal force propels the liquid coolant into the elliptical portion.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the centrifugal force is aligned tangential to a flow direction of the liquid coolant within the at least one cooling channel.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the elongated cross sectional shape of the at least one cooling channel is configured to maintain a liquid coolant within a nucleate boiling region.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the elongated cross sectional shape of the at least one cooling channel is configured to force a liquid coolant toward a hottest portion of the tooth proximate the cutting edge.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the liquid coolant is selected from the group consisting of water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the at least one cooling channel extends through the body from the shank end to the end face.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the at least one cooling channel extends to a cooling channel outlet at the end face.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the at least one cooling channel is configured as an open system, such that the coolant exits the cooling channel outlet.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the at least one cooling channel is configured as a closed system, such that the coolant is supplied from the shank end proximate to the end face and returns to the shank end within the tool body.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the tool body comprises a central return cooling channel configured to carry coolant from the end face to the shank end.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the elongated cross sectional shape and location is configured to rout a liquid coolant toward the elliptical portion proximate the cutting edge in which the coolant has vaporized.
- In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a process for cooling a cutting tool comprising providing a tool body comprising a shank with a shank end and a cutter opposite the shank, the cutter defining an end face; at least one tooth having a cutting edge, the cutting edge extending along the tooth from the shank to the end face; at least one cooling channel formed in the tooth proximate the at least one cutting edge, the at least one cooling channel having an elongated cross sectional shape with an elliptical portion and a circular portion opposite the elliptical portion, wherein the elliptical portion is located proximate the cutting edge; flowing a liquid coolant through the at least one cooling channel; and routing the liquid coolant within the elongated cross sectional shape from the circular portion toward the elliptical portion proximate the cutting edge.
- In another and alternative embodiment, process further comprises propelling the liquid coolant with a centrifugal force into the elliptical portion of the at least one cooling channel.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the centrifugal force is aligned tangential to a flow direction of the liquid coolant within the at least one cooling channel.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the process further comprises maintaining the liquid coolant within a nucleate boiling region by use of the elongated cross sectional shape of the at least one cooling channel.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the process further comprises forcing a liquid coolant toward a hottest portion of the tooth by employing the elongated cross sectional shape of the at least one cooling channel.
- In another and alternative embodiment, the process further comprises routing the liquid coolant toward the elliptical portion in which the coolant has vaporized by locating the elongated cross sectional shape proximate the cutting edge.
- Other details of the cutting tool are set forth in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals depict like elements.
-
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an exemplary cutting tool. -
FIG. 2 is a side view of the exemplary cutting tool ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a top view of the exemplary cutting tool ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the exemplary cutting tool ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of an exemplary cutting tool with a closed cooling system. -
FIG. 6 is a side view of the exemplary cutting tool ofFIG. 5 . -
FIG. 7 is a top view of the exemplary cutting tool ofFIG. 5 . -
FIG. 8 is a section view A-A of the exemplary cutting tool ofFIG. 5 . -
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary cutting tool. -
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of exemplary cooling channels within the exemplary cutting tool shown inFIG. 9 . -
FIG. 11 is a cross-section of an exemplary cooling channel. -
FIG. 12 is a cross-section of an exemplary cutting tool with a cooling channel with an enlarged detailed portion. - Referring to
FIGS. 1 through 8 , there is illustrated anexemplary cutting tool 10. Atool body 10 includes ashank 12 and acutter 14 opposite theshank 12. Thetool body 10 defines a length L from ashank end 16 to anend face 18 opposite theshank end 16. Acentral axis 20 extends along the length of thetool body 10. - The
tool body 10 includes atooth 22 having acutting edge 24. Thecutting edge 24 extends along thetooth 22 from theshank 12 to theend face 18. There can be multiple sets of thetooth 22, such as sets of 2, 3 or 4 of thecutting tooth 22. Aflute 26 is associated with thetooth 22 and extends along thetool body 10 up to theshank 12. Theshank 12 is the cylindrical non-fluted portion of thetool body 10 used to attach and locate thetool body 10 in a tool holder (not shown). Theflutes 26 of thetool body 10 can be the deep helical grooves running up thecutter 14. The cutting edge 24 (sharp blade) along the edge of theflute 26 defines thetooth 22. Thetooth 22 cuts the material, and chips (not shown) of this material are pulled up theflute 26 by the rotation of thecutter 14. Theflutes 26 along withcutting edge 24 of thetooth 22 can include ahelix shape 28 that can have a variety of angles. - Referring also to
FIGS. 9-12 , thecutting tool 10 includescooling channels 30 formed withincutting tool body 10. The coolingchannels 30 extend along the length of thecutting tool body 10 to delivercoolant 38. The coolingchannels 30 are formed in eachtooth 22 proximate thecutting edge 24. The coolingchannel 30 has an elongated crosssectional shape 31 with anelliptical portion 32 and acircular portion 34 opposite theelliptical portion 32. Theelliptical portion 32 is located proximate thecutting edge 24. The elongated crosssectional shape 31 retains the necessary mechanical strength of thecutting edge 24. - The elongated cross
sectional shape 31 and the location of the coolingchannel 30 relative to thecutting edge 24 are configured to rout a liquid portion of thecoolant 38 toward theelliptical portion 32 proximate thecutting edge 24 in which thecoolant 38 has already vaporized. The vaporized portion of thecoolant 38 is less efficient at removing the thermal energy from thecutting edge 24 than theliquid coolant 38. - In an exemplary embodiment, the cooling
channel 30 is configured such that during operation a centrifugal force propels theliquid coolant 38 into theelliptical portion 32 of the coolingchannel 30, thus providing superior heat removal in that location. The centrifugal force can be aligned tangential to aflow direction 46 of theliquid coolant 38 within the coolingchannel 30. The elongated cross sectional shape of the coolingchannel 30 is configured to maintain theliquid coolant 38 within a nucleate boiling region. Maintaining thecoolant 38 within the nucleate boiling region improves the heat transfer from thecutting edge 24. The elongated crosssectional shape 31 of the coolingchannel 30 is configured to force theliquid coolant 38 toward the hottest portion of thetooth 22, thus maximizing the removal of thermal energy being generated at thecutting edge 24. - The cooling
channels 30 shown atFIGS. 1 to 4 are configured as anopen system 36. Thechannels 30 extend through thetool body 10 from theshank end 16 to theend face 18.Coolant 38 flows out of a coolingchannel outlet 40 at theend face 18. - As shown in the details at
FIGS. 5 to 8 , the coolingchannels 30 do not extend to theend face 18. The coolingchannels 30 are directed to centralreturn cooling channel 42 configured to carrycoolant 38 from the area nearend face 18 to theshank end 16. The configuration of thecooling channels 30 are part of aclosed system 44, such that thecoolant 38 is supplied from theshank end 16 proximate to theend face 18 and returns to theshank end 16 within thetool body 10. - The
coolant 38 can be selected from the group consisting of water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Thecoolant 38 can include liquid nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, peanut oil and the like. In an exemplary embodiment, thecoolant 38 can comprise an energy efficient refrigerant medium, such as ammonia and carbon dioxide. - As seen in
FIG. 12 , during machining, cutting forces along the tangential direction Ft and radial direction Fr are applied on thecutting edge 24. The direction of resultant cutting force (FR) 50 on thecutting edge 24 is shown. In an exemplary embodiment the coolingchannel 30 is aligned, such that amajor axis 48 of theelliptical portion 32 aligns with the direction of theresultant cutting force 50. - In an exemplary embodiment, the cooling
channel 30 can be located relative to a cutterouter profile 52 at a distance D. The distance D can be quantified to be about adiameter 54 of thecircular portion 34 or the length of aminor axis 56 of theelliptical portion 32. - The area of the
elliptical portion 32 can include a ratio between themajor axis 48 and theminor axis 56 from about 4 to about 8. The shape and size of theelliptical portion 32 is configured to enlarge a contact area 58 (heat transfer area) between thecoolant 38 and thecutter 14 while utilizing the same amount ofcoolant 38. There are structural/mechanical limits to how large thecontact area 58 can be, before the strength of thecutting edge 24 is reduced to below acceptable limits. - A technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel includes increased heat transfer rates, and thus greater material removal rates because the high cutting speeds can be used due to the effective cooling for difficult-to-machine alloys.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel includes lower cost and higher productivity.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel includes the need for fewer cutting machines (lower capital investment).
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel results in reduced energy consumption for coolant delivery and mist collectors.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel includes an estimated reduction of energy consumption of up to 50% per manufacturing unit related directly and indirectly to the lack of having to produce the holistic modeling on optimal amounts of coolant needed for production.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel is an estimated reduction of 50% of power consumption in non-optimized facilities.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel can result in reduced usage and reduced waste of coolant, helping to ensure a more environmentally benign process.
- Another technical advantage of the shape and location of the disclosed cooling channel can result in improved tool life and machined surfaces due to the minimization of thermal shock from the machining process.
- There has been provided a cutting tool. While the cutting tool has been described in the context of specific embodiments thereof, other unforeseen alternatives, modifications, and variations may become apparent to those skilled in the art having read the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace those alternatives, modifications, and variations which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
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US16/392,999 US10814406B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2019-04-24 | Internal cooling passages for rotating cutting tools |
EP20159142.7A EP3736067A1 (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2020-02-24 | Design for internal cooling passages for rotating cutting tools |
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US16/392,999 US10814406B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2019-04-24 | Internal cooling passages for rotating cutting tools |
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JP7449503B1 (en) | 2023-08-29 | 2024-03-14 | 株式会社タンガロイ | Drilling tool and its body |
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Also Published As
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EP3736067A1 (en) | 2020-11-11 |
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