US20200292170A1 - Device for controlling the combustion process in a power station furnace system - Google Patents

Device for controlling the combustion process in a power station furnace system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200292170A1
US20200292170A1 US16/649,047 US201816649047A US2020292170A1 US 20200292170 A1 US20200292170 A1 US 20200292170A1 US 201816649047 A US201816649047 A US 201816649047A US 2020292170 A1 US2020292170 A1 US 2020292170A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
combustion air
annular gap
sensor rods
flow
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US16/649,047
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans Georg Conrads
Alexander Halm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Promecon Process Measurement Control GmbH
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Promecon Process Measurement Control GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of US20200292170A1 publication Critical patent/US20200292170A1/en
Assigned to PROMECON PROCESS MEASUREMENT CONTROL GMBH reassignment PROMECON PROCESS MEASUREMENT CONTROL GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HALM, ALEXANDER, CONRADS, HANS GEORG
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N5/184—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/10—Correlation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling the combustion process in a power station furnace system with a plurality of burners acting in parallel and arranged in a wall of a combustion chamber and supplied with combustion air via a common wind box, the combustion air being supplied to the individual burner via one or more concentrically annular gaps surrounding the burner.
  • a large number of burners are usually arranged in parallel in a wall of a combustion chamber and are supplied with combustion air via a common wind box.
  • the combustion air is preferably supplied to the individual burner via one or more annular gaps concentrically surrounding the burner.
  • the supply of the combustion air to the annular gap includes means for influencing the quantity of combustion air flowing through the annular gap and subsequently into the combustion chamber.
  • air guide devices for example guide vanes whose position can be changed, are arranged in the annular gaps to introduce the combustion air with a spiral motion into the furnace as a swirl flow around a flame forming in front of the burner, wherein the direction of flow of the combustion air flow can be changed by changing the position of the guide vanes.
  • both the means for influencing the quantity of combustion air flowing through the annular gap and subsequently into the combustion chamber as well as the air guiding devices, for example guide vanes, can be designed differently in each annular gap and can be controlled separately.
  • the combustion air for the main burner and the afterburning can be introduced separately into the combustion chamber in front of a single burner, i.e. into different combustion zones of the flame in the flow direction and the quantity of combustion air.
  • the guide vanes for generating a swirl flow of the combustion air flow and the means for influencing the quantity of combustion air can be integrated as actuators in a control device for controlling the combustion process, so that the combustion process can be controlled separately for each burner of a power station furnace system.
  • a control device for controlling the combustion process it is necessary to supply each individual burner with an quantity of combustion air for the main burner and the afterburning that is adequate for optimal combustion of the quantity of fuel supplied to the burner, i.e. to control the fuel-air ratio during combustion, which means that with a known quantity of fuel supplied to the burner, the quantity of combustion air flowing through each annular gap surrounding the burner must be determined and, if necessary, subsequently changed.
  • dynamic pressure probes of this type cannot be used for measuring the velocity of the combustion air flow in the annular gap of combustion air feed ducts to a burner in a power station furnace system, because the flow of the combustion air in the annular gap is extremely turbulent and has a swirl with strongly curved flow lines, so that only a directional velocity of the combustion air flow can be determined with a dynamic pressure probe when the combustion air flow hits the probe perpendicularly.
  • the flow is turbulent and the combustion air flow does not strike the dynamic pressure probe perpendicularly, in particular when the direction of the combustion air flow changes, no directional velocity of the combustion air flow can be determined from the differential pressure determined with the dynamic pressure probe.
  • DE 20021 271 U1 describes a sensor device for determining the quantity of combustion air supplied to one burner or to a group of burners of a burner arrangement with a common combustion air supply via a wind box known by using the cross-correlation measurement method, wherein sensor arrangements are arranged within the wind box, each spanning the flow cross section of the wind box, in such a way that the reduced quantity of combustion air supplied to a burner or to a group of burners flows through the sensor arrangements.
  • a sensor arrangement consists of two intersecting individual sensor rods or sensor rod groups which are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the combustion air flow and spaced apart from one another, and which span the cross section of the wind box.
  • the velocity of the combustion air flow is determined with correlation methods from the signals generated on the sensor rods as a result of electrical effects, which are caused by electrically charged particles travelling past the sensor rods and transported in the combustion air flow. Based on the velocity of the combustion air flow and the associated geometry of the wind box, the quantity of combustion air flowing through the wind box can be calculated.
  • the quantity of combustion air supplied to a single burner can be determined with this device only for special arrangements of burners in connection with a specially designed wind box. Such arrangements of burners and designs of the wind box are rarely significant in practical applications.
  • this solution has the disadvantage that the interrelated measurements can have a considerable measurement error due to error propagation. This solution is hence also not suitable for an optimized control of the combustion process in a power station furnace system.
  • DE 102012 014260 A1 discloses a device and a method for controlling the fuel-air ratio in the combustion of ground coal in a coal-fired power station furnace system, wherein the measurement of the quantity of combustion air and the measurement of the carrier air volume are obtained with the correlation method by evaluating electrical signals from sensors arranged in the air flow.
  • two sensor rods are arranged one behind the other in the air-guiding channel in the flow direction of the air, in which electrical signals are generated by electrical induction caused by electrically charged particles moving past the sensor rods and guided in the air stream.
  • the signals are supplied to a correlation measuring device.
  • the time required for the electrically charged particles to travel the distance between the two sensor rods is determined using a correlation measurement method.
  • the flow velocity of the air flow is calculated from the time and the distance between the sensor rods, and the air volume is calculated based on the geometry of the air-guiding duct.
  • An electrode and a counter-electrode are arranged upstream of the sensor rods in the direction of flow of the air and are connected to a high-voltage source supplying a voltage between 12 kV and 20 kV.
  • the electrode connected to the high-voltage source is arranged in the air flow in such a way that at least a part of the air flow is exposed to the action of an ion current flowing from the electrode to the counter-electrode and is thus influenced electrically.
  • the device and method described in DE 102012 014 260 A1 cannot be used for optimized control of the combustion process of each individual burner arranged in a power station furnace system.
  • the device for controlling the combustion process is designed in such a way that actuating signals are generated for each means influencing the quantity of the combustion air flowing through the annular gaps surrounding the burner into the combustion chamber.
  • a means for determining the quantity of combustion air flowing through an annular gap includes at least two sensor rods made of an electrically conductive material and forming a corresponding pair, which are arranged in the annular gap transverse to the longitudinal axis of the annular gap or at an angle ⁇ to the longitudinal axis of the annular gap with 30° ⁇ 90°, one behind the other and in parallel with a mutual spacing a in the flow direction of the combustion air flow, wherein the corresponding sensor rods are arranged such that at least a portion of the combustion air flowing past the first sensor rod in the flow direction of the combustion air also flows past the corresponding second sensor rod of the pair in the flow direction of the combustion air flow.
  • the sensor rods are curved in the longitudinal direction commensurate with the curvature of the annular gap and are electrically insulated from the walls that form the annular gap.
  • the sensor rods are thus arranged in the annular gap in such a way that their longitudinal direction is almost perpendicular or at an angle between 30° and 90° with respect to the flow direction of the combustion air flow, wherein the sensor rods are preferably arranged in the annular gap with a uniform spacing over the length I of the sensor rods with respect to the two walls forming the annular gap.
  • the sensor rods have a length l of l>20 mm, preferably l>200 mm.
  • a means for determining the quantity of combustion air flowing through an annular gap also includes a correlation measuring device to which the sensor rods are electrically connected, with the velocity of the combustion air flow transverse to the longitudinal direction of the sensor rods being measured with the correlation measuring device by evaluating the electrical signals generated by the electrically charged particles transported in the combustion air stream and flowing past the sensor rods.
  • a component of the flow velocity of the combustion air flow in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the annular gap is calculated, and the quantity of combustion air flowing through the annular gap is determined based on the component of the flow velocity of the combustion air flow in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the annular gap and the geometric dimensions of the cross-sectional area of the annular gap.
  • each burner arranged in the wall of a combustion chamber of a power station furnace system can be optimally controlled by supplying to the quantity of fuel supplied to the burner a quantity of combustion air adequate for optimum combustion by determining the quantity of combustion air flowing through the annular gaps surrounding the burner and influencing with the means the quantity of combustion air flowing through the annular gaps into the combustion chamber commensurate with the quantity of combustion air adequate for combustion.
  • the component of the flow velocity of the combustion air flow in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the annular gap refers to the particular component of the flow velocity of the combustion air flow with which the combustion air flow moves in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the annular gap, which hence is the relevant velocity for the transport of a specific quantity of combustion air in a specific unit of time through the annular gap. Due to the high degree of turbulence of the flow of the combustion air in the annular gap, which in a power station furnace system has a width between 20 mm and 200 mm and a circumference between 100 cm and 1500 cm, and in view of any swirl flows of the combustion air flow generated in the annular gap, components of the flow rate of the combustion air flow having different direction and magnitude occur in the annular gap.
  • an air guiding device for generating a swirl flow of the combustion air flow to arrange the sensor rods forming a corresponding pair with a mutual parallel offset, such that at least a portion of the combustion air flowing past the first sensor rod of the corresponding pair also flows in the flow direction of the combustion air past the second sensor rod of the corresponding pair in the flow direction of the combustion air flow.
  • the sensor rods should hereby be sufficiently long, i.e.
  • the sensor rods are constructed as a round rod having a diameter D with 1 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 20 mm, or as a square bar having an edge length e in the direction of the width b of the annular gap with 1 mm ⁇ e ⁇ 20 mm.
  • a width b of the annular gap for supplying the combustion air to a burner in a power station furnace system between 20 mm ⁇ b ⁇ 200 mm and a circumference of the annular gap between 100 cm ⁇ circumference of the annular gap ⁇ 1500 cm.
  • the sensor rods must be designed so that they do not vibrate in the combustion air flow, but on the other hand they must also not be so large so as to unduly reduce the effective cross section of the annular gap for the passage of the combustion air flow.
  • one or more sensor rods may be electrically and possibly also mechanically segmented in the longitudinal direction of the sensor rod, with the segments forming a sensor rod being arranged in alignment with one another in the longitudinal direction of the segments.
  • the segments of a sensor rod can be electrically connected in series and the electrically segmented sensor rod can be connected as a single electrical unit to an input of the correlation measuring device.
  • each segment of an electrically segmented sensor rod may also be electrically connected to a separate input of the correlation measuring device.
  • the sensor rods can be designed as film strips constructed of an electrically conductive material which are glued to one of the two walls forming the annular gap and electrically insulated from the wall.
  • two pairs of corresponding sensor rods are arranged in the annular gap, with each pair being electrically connected to a correlation measuring device, and with the two pairs of corresponding sensor rods being arranged in the longitudinal direction at a different angle ⁇ with respect to the longitudinal axis of the annular gap.
  • a pair of corresponding sensor rods is preferably arranged transversely, i.e.
  • the velocity of the combustion air flow in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the annular gap is determined by evaluating the signals generated with the first sensor pair, i.e.
  • the swirl angle can be determined in this manner and intentionally influenced via the position of the air guide vanes, as a result of which the combustion process can additionally be influenced, i.e. controlled.
  • the particular advantage of the invention is that the velocity of the combustion air flow is determined directly in the annular gaps surrounding a burner in a power station furnace system, so that the quantity of combustion air supplied to a burner in a power station furnace system can be determined directly.
  • the combustion air flow i.e. the quantity of combustion air flowing through the annular gap
  • the combustion process in a power station furnace system is optimally controlled according to preselected criteria.
  • FIG. 1 a partial section of an annular gap surrounding a burner with a corresponding pair of sensor rods arranged in the annular gap
  • FIG. 2 a a longitudinal section through a burner with a surrounding annular gap and a corresponding pair of sensor rods arranged in the annular gap
  • FIGS. 2 b and c two cross sections through a burner with a surrounding annular gap, each in the plane of the arranged sensor rods,
  • FIG. 4 a a partial section of an annular gap surrounding a burner with two corresponding pairs of sensor rods arranged in the annular gap, wherein the pairs of corresponding sensor rods are in each case arranged at a different angle ⁇ with respect to the longitudinal axis of the annular gap, and
  • FIG. 4 b a flat pattern of the annular gap with the corresponding sensor rods arranged on the outer wall of the burner.
  • FIG. 1 shows means for determining the quantity of combustion air flowing through an annular gap 3 with a burner 1 which is coaxially surrounded by a pipe 2 in such a way that an annular gap 3 is formed between the outer wall of the burner 1 and the pipe 2 .
  • the burner 1 , the pipe 2 and the annular gap 3 have a common coaxial longitudinal axis 4 .
  • Combustion air is guided in the annular gap 3 .
  • the pipe 2 has a constriction 5 with a reduction in the annular gap width b to increase the flow velocity v of the combustion air flow.
  • guide vanes 6 are arranged in the annular gap 3 , which cause a swirl flow of the combustion air flow in the annular gap section 3 .
  • This annular gap section 3 . 1 has a constant annular gap width b.
  • the direction of flow of the combustion air flow is illustrated by an arrow 7 .
  • the direction of rotation of the swirl flow is illustrated by an arrow 8 .
  • the component of the combustion air flow in the annular gap section 3 . 1 important for determining the quantity of combustion air supplied to the burner 1 is the component of the combustion air flow directed parallel to the coaxial longitudinal axis 4 or orthogonal to the cross-sectional area of the annular gap section 3 . 1 and is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the arrow 9 .
  • Two sensor rods 10 and 11 are arranged within the annular gap section 3 . 1 .
  • the sensor rods 10 and 11 are each mounted on the outer wall of the burner 1 and electrically insulated by means of two supporting blocks 12 .
  • the sensor rods 10 and 11 are arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis 4 and are adapted in their longitudinal direction to the curvature of the annular gap section 3 . 1 such that they have along their longitudinal extent the same distance c and d to the two walls delimiting the annular gap section 3 . 1 , i.e. the outer wall of the burner 1 and the inside of the pipe 2 .
  • the distance c is the distance between the outer wall of the burner 1 and the sensor rods 10 and 11
  • the distance d is the distance between the inner wall of the pipe 2 and the sensor rods 10 and 11 .
  • the two sensor rods 10 and 11 are equally spaced from the walls delimiting the annular gap section 3 . 1 . They are further arranged so as to be mutually parallel with the spacing a, but rotated radially with respect to one another, wherein the second sensor rod 11 in the flow direction 7 of the combustion air flow is arranged with a parallel displacement in the direction of rotation 8 of the swirl flow of the combustion air flow with respect to the first sensor rod 10 in the flow direction 7 of the combustion air flow.
  • FIGS. 2 a to 2 c illustrate the above-described arrangement of the sensor rods 10 and 11 in the annular gap section 3 . 1 .
  • the sensor rods 10 and 11 are electrically connected to a correlation measuring device 13 .
  • the quantity of combustion air supplied to the burner 1 is determined based on the cross-sectional area of the annular gap section 3 . 1 .
  • the quantity of fuel supplied to a burner 1 is measured by using unillustrated means configured to detect the quantity of fuel supplied to the burner 1 , and the combustion process is controlled by changing the quantity of combustion air.
  • the means shown in FIG. 3 for determining the quantity of combustion air flowing through an annular gap 3 as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 , are used to determine with the correlation measuring device 13 a component of the flow velocity v of the combustion air flow in the annular gap section 3 .
  • the component of the flow velocity v of the combustion air flow in the annular gap section 3 . 1 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 4 of the annular gap section 3 . 1 is calculated by multiplying the component of the flow velocity v determined with the correlation measuring device 13 by sin ⁇ , i.e. sin 45°.
  • the combustion air quantity supplied to the burner 1 is then determined using the cross-sectional area of the annular gap section 3 . 1 .
  • FIG. 4 a shows an arrangement with two pairs of corresponding sensor rods 10 . 1 and 11 . 1 , and 10 . 2 and 11 . 2 , respectively.
  • FIG. 4 b shows a flat pattern of this section of the annular gap 3 . 1 with the two pairs of corresponding sensor rods 10 . 1 and 11 . 1 , and 10 . 2 and 11 . 2 , arranged on the outer wall of the burner 1 .
  • This arrangement can be used not only for determining the component of the flow velocity of the combustion air flow v in the direction of the longitudinal axis 4 of the ring gap section 3 .
  • the component v 1 of the flow velocity v of the combustion air flow is determined by evaluating the electrical signals generated on the sensor rods 10 . 1 and 11 . 1 using the correlation measuring device 13 . 1
  • the component v 2 of the flow velocity v of the combustion air flow is determined by evaluating the electrical signals generated on the sensor rods 10 . 2 and 11 . 2 using the correlation measuring device 13 . 2 .
  • the component v 1 of the flow velocity v determined with the corresponding sensor rods 10 . 1 and 11 . 1 and the correlation measuring device 13 . 1 is described by the equation
US16/649,047 2017-10-11 2018-10-05 Device for controlling the combustion process in a power station furnace system Abandoned US20200292170A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017009393.8A DE102017009393B3 (de) 2017-10-11 2017-10-11 Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Verbrennungsprozesses in einer Kraftwerksfeuerungsanlage
DE102017009393.8 2017-10-11
PCT/DE2018/000286 WO2019072329A1 (de) 2017-10-11 2018-10-05 Einrichtung zur steuerung des verbrennungsprozesses in einer kraftwerksfeuerungsanlage

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US (1) US20200292170A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3695167B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2020537109A (de)
KR (1) KR20200065049A (de)
CN (1) CN111201401B (de)
DE (1) DE102017009393B3 (de)
ES (1) ES2898242T3 (de)
PL (1) PL3695167T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2019072329A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD948804S1 (en) * 2018-10-23 2022-04-12 Rembe Gmbh Safety + Control Explosion isolation device for pipes
CN115143490A (zh) * 2022-06-15 2022-10-04 南京航空航天大学 一种周向交错对冲射流与全环大尺度旋流耦合的燃烧室

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20021271U1 (de) 2000-12-15 2001-05-23 Promecon Prozess & Messtechnik Sensoreinrichtung zur Bestimmung der einem oder einer Gruppe von Brennern zugeführten Verbrennungsluftmenge
ATE476628T1 (de) * 2001-03-23 2010-08-15 Gvp Ges Zur Vermarktung Der Po Verfahren und vorrichtung zur einstellung der luftzahl
JP4476116B2 (ja) * 2004-12-27 2010-06-09 三菱重工業株式会社 ガスタービン
KR101232696B1 (ko) * 2007-04-13 2013-02-13 바브콕-히다찌 가부시끼가이샤 미분탄 버닝 보일러
JP4969464B2 (ja) * 2008-01-08 2012-07-04 三菱重工業株式会社 バーナ構造
US20120037729A1 (en) 2010-08-16 2012-02-16 Lee Joseph C Insertion Type Fluid Volume Meter and Control System
WO2013007239A1 (de) 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Promecon Prozess- Und Messtechnik Conrads Gmbh Einrichtung und verfahren zur steuerung des brennstoff-luft-verhältnisses bei der verbrennung gemahlener kohle in einer kohlekraftwerksfeuerungsanlage
DE102012007884A1 (de) * 2012-04-23 2013-10-24 Babcock Borsig Steinmüller Gmbh Brenner für staub- und/oder partikelförmige Brennstoffe mit veränderlichem Drall
CN103335312B (zh) * 2012-07-17 2016-07-27 张达积 红外线氢能燃烧器
DE102012016408B4 (de) 2012-08-21 2022-06-09 Krohne Ag Magnetisch-induktives Durchflussmessgerät mit einer Mehrzahl von Funktionseinheiten, konstruktive Realisierung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD948804S1 (en) * 2018-10-23 2022-04-12 Rembe Gmbh Safety + Control Explosion isolation device for pipes
CN115143490A (zh) * 2022-06-15 2022-10-04 南京航空航天大学 一种周向交错对冲射流与全环大尺度旋流耦合的燃烧室

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JP2020537109A (ja) 2020-12-17
WO2019072329A1 (de) 2019-04-18
CN111201401A (zh) 2020-05-26
EP3695167B1 (de) 2021-09-01
KR20200065049A (ko) 2020-06-08
EP3695167A1 (de) 2020-08-19
CN111201401B (zh) 2022-07-12
DE102017009393B3 (de) 2019-01-24
PL3695167T3 (pl) 2022-02-14
ES2898242T3 (es) 2022-03-04

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