US20200282841A1 - Eddy current braking device for rotary systems - Google Patents
Eddy current braking device for rotary systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20200282841A1 US20200282841A1 US16/738,723 US202016738723A US2020282841A1 US 20200282841 A1 US20200282841 A1 US 20200282841A1 US 202016738723 A US202016738723 A US 202016738723A US 2020282841 A1 US2020282841 A1 US 2020282841A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- eddy current
- current braking
- datum
- magnetic
- rotatable drum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/28—Eddy-current braking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/748—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on electro-magnetic brakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
- B60T7/128—Self-acting brakes of different types for railway vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61B3/00—Elevated railway systems with suspended vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
- B61H7/00—Brakes with braking members co-operating with the track
- B61H7/02—Scotch blocks, skids, or like track-engaging shoes
- B61H7/04—Scotch blocks, skids, or like track-engaging shoes attached to railway vehicles
- B61H7/06—Skids
- B61H7/08—Skids electromagnetically operated
- B61H7/083—Skids electromagnetically operated working with eddy currents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
- F16D63/002—Brakes with direct electrical or electro-magnetic actuation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
- F16D63/008—Brakes acting on a linearly moving member
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
- H02K49/04—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type
- H02K49/046—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type with an axial airgap
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
- A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
- A62B1/08—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y02T10/641—
Definitions
- Eddy current braking systems may use centrifugal force to cause rotors to expand into a magnetic field.
- Centrifugal eddy current devices require significant support structure in the rotating rotor assembly to support the centrifugally deploying electrically conductive members, and to ensure that they remain in plane during deployment so that they don't make contact with magnets.
- the systems contain a significant amount of rotational inertia. Because of this, the initiation of eddy-current braking can be delayed during deployment, and/or completion of braking can be delayed once the load motion has ceased. Furthermore, this delay is intrinsic to the design and cannot be controlled or adjusted without redesigning the unit.
- Heat dissipation is also an issue. Because eddy current braking systems convert kinetic (e.g., rotational) energy into heat, effectively removing the heat before the various components of the braking system are damaged is a design criteria. Centrifugal devices rely on smooth sided, low-friction conductive members to centrifugally deploy into the magnetic field while sliding against a constraining structure. Because of this, conductive member heat dissipation (an important factor in eddy current braking) is extremely limited.
- a device with a heavier rotor assembly retracts more slowly and requires a larger and more robust retraction spring to perform the same work. Because of the limitations of acceptable device size, a larger retraction spring may not be an option, resulting in a device that cannot handle high cyclic usage (e.g., the retraction spring fatigues and fails rapidly).
- Centrifugal eddy current devices often include multiple biasing elements, one for each deploying rotor. This both increases the complexity of the device and makes bias adjustment more difficult. Indeed, most centrifugal systems are not provided with adjustable biasing which would allow a device to be used in different applications. Rather, centrifugal systems are provided with a manufacturer-selected fixed bias that is determined based on the average load conditions expected for the end-use of the device. In addition, the sheer complexity of the centrifugal design contributes to a high manufacturing cost and a high servicing cost.
- the eddy current braking systems described herein utilize a direct mechanical linkage activated by an applied load to move a conductor closer to a magnetic field generated by a magnet assembly (either by moving the conductor, moving the magnet assembly, or both).
- the amount of load applied dictates the distance between the conductor and magnet assembly, thereby causing the braking force to vary with the applied load.
- the applied load causes a rotation of the device proximate a magnetic field to generate the braking force.
- Most of the examples described herein will be described in terms of a line dispensing device such as an autobelay or descending device in which the load is applied by the payload being lowered by the device.
- the load controlled braking devices described herein could be adapted to any number of devices and uses beyond those presented in the drawings.
- the technology relates to: an apparatus having: a rotatable first portion of a magnetic braking system having a first element disposed thereon, wherein the first portion is rotatable about a rotatable first axis, and wherein a position of the first element is disposed a fixed distance from the rotatable first axis; a second portion of the magnetic braking system having a second element disposed thereon, wherein at least one of the first element and the second element generates a magnetic field; and a spring for biasing the rotatable first portion a first distance from the second portion, wherein upon application of a force to at least one of the rotatable first portion and the second portion, a relative position of the rotatable first portion to the second portion is reduced to a second distance less than the first distance.
- the second portion is rotatable about a second axis. In another embodiment, a position of the second element is disposed a fixed distance from the second axis.
- the first element includes a plurality of magnets and the second element includes a conductor. In still another embodiment, the first element has a conductor and the second element has a plurality of magnets.
- the apparatus further includes: a rotatable drum; a length of material wound about the drum; and wherein the force is applied to at least one of the rotatable first portion and the second portion by a weight applied to the length of material.
- the length of material includes a length of at least one of a webbing, a cable, a rope, and a chain.
- a rotation of the rotatable drum causes a corresponding rotation of the rotatable first portion.
- the apparatus further includes a plurality of gears disposed between the rotatable drum and the rotatable first portion.
- the technology in another aspect, relates to an apparatus having: a first portion of a magnetic braking system having a first element, wherein the first element is arranged in an array, wherein the first element is a first fixed distance from a first datum; a second portion of the magnetic braking system having a second element, wherein the second element is a second fixed distance from a second datum, wherein at least one of the first element and the second element generates a magnetic field; a linkage connecting the first portion and the second portion, wherein an application of a force to the linkage changes a position of the first datum relative to the second datum.
- the first portion is rotatable about the first datum.
- the second portion is rotatable about the second datum.
- the linkage has a biasing element configured to bias the first datum a first distance away from the second datum, and wherein the application of the force moves the first datum relative to the second datum.
- the application of the force moves the first portion to a second distance relative to the second datum, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance.
- the apparatus further includes: a rotatable drum; a length of material wound about the drum; and wherein a rotation of the rotatable drum generates a corresponding rotation of at least one of the first portion and the second portion.
- a weight applied to the length of material generates the force applied to the linkage.
- the array includes a plurality of first elements.
- the array defines: a first subset of first elements disposed a first subset distance from the first datum; and a second subset of first elements disposed a second subset distance from the first datum.
- the first subset includes a first number of first elements and wherein the second subset includes a second number of first elements, and wherein the second subset is different than the first subset.
- the first subset includes a first density per a fixed unit area of first elements and wherein the second subset includes a second density per the fixed unit area of first elements, and wherein the second subset is different than the first subset.
- the first subset includes a first area of first elements and wherein the second subset includes a second area of first elements, and wherein the second subset is different than the first subset.
- the technology in another aspect, relates to a method including: positioning a first portion at a first distance to a second portion, wherein: the first portion has a first element of a magnetic braking system, and wherein the first element is a first fixed distance from a first datum; and the second portion has a second element of the magnetic braking system, wherein the second element is a second fixed distance from a second datum, and wherein at least one of the first element and the second element generates a magnetic field; and applying a force to a linkage connecting the first portion and the second portion, wherein the application of the force to the linkage changes a position of the first datum relative to the second datum.
- FIGS. 1A-1H depict schematic views of first and second portions of eddy current braking systems in accordance with examples of the technology.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology.
- FIG. 3 depicts a perspective view of an eddy current braking system in accordance with another example of the technology.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B depict end views of eddy current braking systems in accordance with examples of the technology.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B depict side views of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology, in a first position and a second position, respectively.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B depict perspective and end views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology.
- FIG. 9 depicts a side view of an eddy current braking system in accordance with another example of the technology.
- FIG. 10 depicts a side view of an eddy current braking system in accordance with another example of the technology.
- FIG. 11 depicts a method of operating an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology.
- FIGS. 1A-1H depict schematic views of first and second portions of eddy current braking systems 100 in accordance with examples of the technology.
- the various examples are described generally below, with regard to shared aspects, structures, and functions. Components common to systems 100 described in FIGS. 1A-1H are identified only by root numbers (e.g., “first datum 100 ”), without regard to suffix (e.g., A-H).
- first datum 100 e.g., “first datum 100 ”
- suffix e.g., A-H
- each braking system 100 includes first portion 102 and a second portion 104 .
- each portion 102 , 104 can include (or be manufactured from) one or more electrically conductive elements 106 and/or magnetic elements 108 .
- the electrically conductive element is also referred to herein as a conductor, conductor element, or conductive element.
- the magnetic element is also referred to herein as a magnet.
- the first portion 102 includes a datum 110
- the second portion 104 includes a datum 112 .
- the location of the datums 110 , 112 on their respective first and second portions 102 , 104 may be defined as required or desired for a particular application.
- datums for rotating elements may be defined as an axis A about which that element rotates.
- Datums for non-rotational elements may be defined as a fixed point P on that element.
- the datums 110 , 112 define points by which to measure the spacing between the first portion 102 and the second portion 104 .
- the datums 110 , 112 are separated by a first distance D.
- the datums 110 , 112 are separated by a second distance D′ that is less than the first distance D.
- the conductor elements 106 and magnetic elements 108 overlap, thereby causing the braking force to vary with an applied load force F.
- the second condition can contemplate a closer proximity or shorter distance between the conductor elements 106 and magnetic elements can also generate a higher braking force.
- each of the datums 110 , 112 serve as reference points for the conductor elements 106 and/or magnetic elements 108 .
- the conductor element 106 A is a fixed, constant distance from the datum 110 A, in that the entire first portion 102 A is made from the conductor element 106 A. In other words, the conductor element 106 A does not move relevant to its datum.
- the magnetic element 108 A is a fixed, constant distance from the datum 112 A, in that the entire second portion 104 A is made from the magnetic element 108 A. Again, the magnetic element 108 A does not move relative to its datum 112 A.
- the conductor element 106 A moves into a magnetic field generated by the magnetic element 108 A. Movement of the datums 110 , 112 can be caused by the application of a force, as described in various examples below. If one of the portions 102 , 104 is rotating R, a magnetic force generated on the conductor element 106 by the magnetic element 108 begins to slow rotation R of that portion 102 , 104 . As the datums 110 , 102 move closer together, the conductor element 106 further overlaps the magnetic element, such that a greater magnetic force is applied, further slowing the rotation R.
- the portions 102 , 104 do not contact each other, as this may cause damage and failure of the system 100 .
- the portions 102 , 104 may be disposed in different planes such that facing edges 114 , 116 may overlap as the datums 110 , 112 move closer together.
- FIG. 1A depicts a braking system 100 A including a first portion 102 A manufactured substantially of an conductor element 106 A that rotates R.
- the second portion 104 A is manufactured substantially of a magnetic element 108 A.
- rotation R of the first portion 102 A is slowed as the conductor element 106 A overlaps further with the magnetic field generated by the magnetic element 108 A.
- a braking system 100 B includes a first portion 102 B manufactured substantially of an conductor element 106 B that rotates R.
- the second portion 104 B includes a plurality of magnetic elements 108 B, that are disposed substantially parallel to a leading edge 116 B of the second portion 104 B.
- the rotating first portion 102 B encounters a stronger magnetic field as the conductor element 106 B overlaps with the plurality of magnets 108 B. That is, the conductive element 106 B encounters magnetic field generated by a greater number of magnetic elements 108 B as the datums 110 B, 112 B are moved closer together.
- heavier loads that are being applied to either the first portion 102 B or the second portion 104 B are subject to a higher braking force since the heavier loads bring the datums 110 B, 112 B closer together.
- a braking system 100 C includes a first portion 102 C that includes a plurality of magnetic elements 108 C, and is configured for rotation R.
- the second portion 104 C is manufactured of a conductive material 106 C.
- a braking system 100 D includes a first portion 102 D manufactured substantially of an electrically conductive element 106 D that rotates R.
- the second portion 104 D includes a plurality of magnetic elements 108 D that are disposed substantially parallel to a leading edge 116 D of the second portion 104 D, in a number of arrays 118 D.
- the conductive element 106 D encounters magnetic fields formed by a first array 118 D′, which applies a first braking force to slow the rotation R. Heavier loads applied to either of the first portion 102 D or the second portion 104 D will cause the datums 110 D, 112 D to move even closer together. As such, a heavier load will cause the conductive element 106 D to encounter magnetic fields formed by both the first array 118 D′, as well a second array 118 D′′.
- a braking system 100 E includes a first portion 102 E manufactured substantially of an electrically conductive element 106 E that rotates R.
- the second portion 104 E includes a plurality of magnetic elements 108 E that are disposed substantially parallel to a leading edge 116 E of the second portion 104 E, in a number of arrays 118 E, wherein the arrays 118 E contain a subset of the total number of magnetic elements 108 E.
- Each array has a density per unit area of magnets 108 E, where the area is identified by the total area of the second portion 108 E bounded by the magnets 108 E in the particular array 118 E.
- the conductive element 106 E encounters magnetic fields formed by a first array 118 E′, which applies a first braking force to slow the rotation R. Heavier loads applied to either of the first portion 102 E or the second portion 104 E will cause the datums 110 E, 112 E to move even closer. As such, a heavier load will cause the conductive element 106 E to encounter magnetic fields formed by both the first array 118 E′, as well a second array 118 E′′.
- the second array 118 E′′ has a higher density per unit area of the second portion 104 E, as apparent by the greater number of magnets 108 E in the first array 118 ′ than in the second array 118 ′′.
- each array 118 E is defined by an array distance or subset distance from the datum 112 E.
- the arrays 118 E are described with regard to derivatives thereof, the arrays may also be described with regard to a number of magnetic elements 108 E per array 118 E, or the total area of magnets in a particular array.
- FIG. 1F depicts a braking system 100 F including a first portion 102 F manufactured substantially of an electrically conductive element 106 F that rotates R.
- the second portion 104 F is manufactured substantially of a magnetic element 108 F.
- rotation R of the first portion 102 F is slowed as the electrically conductive element 106 F is moved further into the magnetic field generated by the magnetic element 108 F.
- a leading edge 114 F is serrated or otherwise non-smooth, with a number of cut-outs 120 F depicted.
- the cutouts 120 F result in a first portion 102 F having a smaller amount of conductive element 106 F proximate the leading edge 114 F.
- a smaller amount of conductive element 106 F enters the magnetic field generated by the magnetic element 108 F under smaller loads, while heavier loads cause a greater amount of the conductive element 106 F to enter the field. This controls braking force applied based on the load.
- FIG. 1G depicts a braking system 100 G including a first portion 102 G manufactured substantially of an electrically conductive element 106 G that rotates R.
- the second portion 104 G includes a plurality of magnetic elements 108 G having a shape that defines a smaller area closer to a leading edge 116 G of the second portion 104 G, and a greater area as the distance from the leading edge 116 G increases.
- the conductive element 106 G encounters a greater area of magnet elements 108 G and, as such, a higher force produced by the magnetic fields generated therefrom.
- heavier loads are subject to higher braking forces.
- FIGS. 1A-1G depict braking systems 100 having a first portion 102 that rotates and a second portion 104 that is generally non-rotational.
- the technologies described herein may also be leveraged with braking systems 100 H that have two rotating portions 102 H, 104 H, as depicted in FIG. 1H .
- the first and second portions 102 H, 104 H rotate in opposite directions.
- the first rotating portion 102 H includes a plurality of conductive elements 106 H arranged in arrays 122 F.
- the second portion 104 H includes a plurality of magnetic elements 108 H, having shapes that define a smaller area closer to a leading edge 116 H of the second portion 104 H, and a greater area as the distance from the leading edge 116 H increases.
- the conductive elements 106 H encounter a greater area of magnet elements 108 H and, as such, a higher force produced by the magnetic fields generated therefrom.
- heavier loads are subject to higher braking forces.
- Some of the conductive elements 106 H and the magnet elements 108 H are configured such that they have smaller areas proximate the leading edges of their respective portions. As such, smaller braking forces are encountered at those smaller areas. Other shapes of such elements are contemplated. This can help further alter the dynamic range of the braking system.
- the following figures depict generally eddy current braking systems that incorporate these and other examples of configurations of magnetic and electrically-conductive elements. These non-limiting examples may be further modified as will be apparent to a person of skill in the art upon reading the specification. As such, other eddy current braking systems including different magnetic element and conductive element configurations are contemplated. For example, although the following examples depict auto-belay and other fall-protection systems, other applications of the braking systems described herein are contemplated.
- the braking systems may be used to provide a braking force a car such as a roller coaster or train. That is, the systems can be integrated into the wheels of the car and braking systems that apply a braking force to those wheels.
- the cable or webbing being unrolled from the drums described below can be unrolled in a horizontal configuration (e.g., on a zipline system, or other substantially linear conveyance system).
- Such systems can include loading and unloading systems for the movement of goods from cargo vessels, and so on.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system 200 in accordance with an example of the technology.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are described simultaneously.
- the eddy current braking system 200 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., to slow and/or stop the fall of a weight or load.
- the eddy current braking system 200 may be utilized in an autobelay device that is used for climbing, fall-protection, or other systems.
- Such an autobelay device is depicted generally in FIGS. 2A and 2B as dashed box AB.
- the device AB includes a drum (hidden in FIGS.
- a weight W (e.g., a climber) applies a force F on the webbing 202 .
- the force F unwraps the webbing 202 by rotating the drum.
- a drum gear 204 fixed to the drum rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via a chain and gear, cable and pulley, or other transmission 206 to a corresponding first portion 208 manufactured of a conductive element 210 , which also rotates R.
- the first portion 208 and the drum gear 204 (as well as the drum) are connected via a linkage 212 that has a fixed pivot point 214 .
- biasing element 216 is fixed at an anchor 218 and connected at an opposite end to the linkage 212 and drum gear 204 so as to bias the drum gear 204 (upward in the depicted FIGS. 2A and 2B ).
- biasing elements may include compression springs, torsion springs, extension springs, gas cylinders, electromagnetic devices, and so on.
- a biasing force B provided by the biasing elements in the various examples depicted herein may be adjustable. In that regard, a user could further tune the biasing force B for an autobelay device based at least in part on a weight of the user, a desired fall rate, and other factors.
- the linkage pivots P about the fixed pivot point 214 .
- This moves the first portion 208 proximate a second portion 220 having a fixed position, which includes a plurality of magnets 222 disposed in an array 224 thereon.
- Lighter weights W that generate lower forces F may only move the first portion 208 proximate a first portion 224 ′ of the magnet array 224 .
- Each of the first portion 208 and the second portion 220 include a datum 226 , 228 , respectively.
- Datum 226 is an axle around which the first portion 208 rotates.
- Heavier weights may generate forces further reduce the distance between the first datum 226 and the second datum 228 , thus moving the conductive material 210 closer to the second 224 ′′ and third portions 224 ′′′ of the array 224 . As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W.
- FIG. 3 depicts a perspective view of an eddy current braking system 300 in accordance with another example of the technology.
- the eddy current braking system 300 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device as described above, but not depicted in FIG. 3 .
- the system 300 used in the autobelay device includes a drum 301 having wrapped there around a webbing, cable, or other elongate element 302 .
- a weight W applies a force F on the webbing 302 , which unwraps the webbing 302 by rotating the drum 301 .
- a drum gear 304 fixed to the drum 301 rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via a transmission 306 to a corresponding first portion 308 .
- the first portion 308 includes a plurality of discrete disks 308 A, 308 B, 308 C, each configured to rotate R together.
- Each disk 308 A, 308 B, 308 C is manufactured of a conductive element 310 .
- the first portion 308 and the drum 301 are connected via a linkage 312 that has a fixed pivot point 314 .
- a biasing element 316 is fixed at an anchor 318 , and connected at an opposite end to the linkage 312 and drum 301 so as to bias the drum 301 upward.
- the linkage pivots P about the fixed pivot point 314 . This, in turn, moves the first portion 308 proximate a second portion 320 having a fixed position.
- the second portion 320 defines a plurality of channels 320 A, 320 B, 320 C.
- Each channel 320 A, 320 B, 320 C includes a plurality of magnets 322 disposed on either side of the respective channel 320 A, 320 B, 320 C.
- the channels 320 A, 320 B, 320 C are configured to receive a respective one of the discrete disks 308 A, 308 B, 308 C as the first portion 308 moves proximate the second portion 320 . While three channels and disks are depicted, other examples may utilize only a single channel or more than three channels. Lighter weights W that generate lower forces F may only move the first portion 308 proximate a first distance D into the second portion 320 .
- Each of the first portion 308 and the second portion 320 include a datum 326 , 328 , respectively.
- Datum 326 is an axle around which the first portion 308 rotates.
- Heavier weights may generate forces that further reduce the distance between the first datum 326 and the second datum 328 , thus moving the conductive material 310 further into the second portion 320 .
- heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W.
- Heavier weights may generate forces to move the disks 308 A, 308 B, 308 C deeper into the channels 320 A, 320 B, 320 C, so as to subject the conductive element 310 to more magnetic fields generated by the magnets 322 .
- heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system 400 in accordance with an example of the technology. FIGS. 4A and 4B are described simultaneously.
- the eddy current braking system 400 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device, which is not depicted in FIGS. 4A and 4B .
- the system 400 includes a drum 401 having wrapped there around a webbing 402 .
- a weight W applies a force F on the webbing 402 , which unwraps the webbing 402 by rotating the drum 401 .
- a drum gear 404 fixed to the drum rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via a transmission 406 to a corresponding first portion 408 that includes thereon a number of magnets 422 and also rotates R.
- the drum 401 and drum gear 404 are connected via a linkage 412 to a second portion 420 , which is manufactured of a conductive element 410 .
- the second portion 420 pivots P about a fixed pivot point 414 .
- a biasing element 416 is fixed at an anchor 418 and connected at an opposite end to the linkage 412 and drum gear 404 , so as to bias the drum gear 404 (upward in the depicted FIGS. 4A and 4B ).
- the linkage 412 pivots P the second portion 420 about the fixed pivot point 414 . This, in turn, moves the second portion 420 further from the first portion 408 having a fixed position.
- Lighter weights W that generate lower forces F may only move the second portion 420 slightly away from the first portion 408 .
- Each of the first portion 408 and the second portion 420 include a datum 426 , 428 , respectively.
- Datum 426 is an axle around which the first portion 408 rotates. Heavier weights may generate forces that further increase the distance between the first datum 426 and the second datum 428 , thus moving the conductive material 410 further from a greater number of magnets 422 .
- a knurled knob 430 that is rotatable on a threaded rod that attaches to the anchor and is disposed proximate the anchor 418 for adjusting a biasing force of the spring 416 .
- FIGS. 5A and 5B depict end views of eddy current braking systems 500 in accordance with examples of the technology.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are described simultaneously, although specific structural differences are noted.
- Each eddy current braking system 500 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces.
- a weight W applies a force F on a linkage 512 that includes a plurality of bars 512 ′ that pivot about a fixed pivot point 514 .
- a first portion 508 is manufactured of a conductive element 510 and configured for rotation R about a datum 526 .
- a biasing element 516 is connected to the linkage 512 so as to bias a second portion 520 , which includes a plurality of magnets 522 .
- the linkage arms 512 pivot P about the fixed pivot points 514 .
- This moves the second portion 520 proximate the first portion 508 .
- Each of the first portion 508 and the second portion 520 include a datum 526 , 528 , respectively.
- Datum 526 is an axle around which the first portion 508 rotates. Heavier weights may generate forces further reduce the distance between the first datum 526 and the second datum 528 , thus moving the magnets 522 closer to the conductive material 510 . As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W.
- FIG. 5A depicts a conductive element 510 disposed substantially parallel to parallel magnet elements 522 .
- FIG. 5B depicts a conductive element 510 having a tapered outer edge 508 A configured to interact with substantially curved magnets 522 A.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system 600 in accordance with an example of the technology.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are described simultaneously and depict a system 600 having two rotating elements.
- the eddy current braking system 600 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device as described above, but not depicted in FIGS. 6A and 6B .
- the system 600 used in the autobelay device includes a drum 601 having wrapped there around a webbing 602 .
- a weight W applies a force F on the webbing 602 , which unwraps the webbing 602 by rotating the drum 601 .
- a drum gear 604 fixed to the drum 601 rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via a transmission 606 , which includes a plurality of gears 606 A, 606 B, as depicted, to a corresponding first portion 608 .
- the first portion 608 includes a plurality of discrete disks 608 A, 608 B, each configured to rotate R together.
- Each disk 608 A, 608 B is includes a number of magnets 622 .
- the first portion 608 and the drum 601 are connected via a linkage 612 that has a fixed pivot point 614 , which is an axle about which the drum 601 rotates.
- Rotation of the drum 601 also transfers rotation R via a transmission 630 , which includes a plurality of gears 630 A, 630 B, as depicted, to a corresponding second portion 620 .
- the second portion 620 is manufactured of a conductive material 610 and is configured to rotate R.
- the second portion 620 and the drum 601 are connected via a linkage 632 that shares the fixed pivot point 614 .
- Each of the first portion 608 and the second portion 620 include a datum 626 , 628 , respectively.
- a biasing element 616 is fixed at an anchor 618 to the first linkage 612 and fixed at an anchor 634 to the second linkage 632 , so as to bias the datums 626 , 628 away from each other.
- the linkages 612 , 632 pivot about the fixed pivot point 614 . This, in turn, compresses the biasing element 616 so as to move the datums 626 , 628 closer to each other.
- the second portion 620 moves between the disks 608 A, 608 B of the first portion 608 .
- Heavier weights may generate forces that further reduce the distance between the first datum 626 and the second datum 628 , thus moving the conductive material 610 deeper into the magnetic field created by the magnets 622 . As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W.
- a positive stop mechanism formed as a bar 636 extending from the linkage 612 controls the overlap of the magnetic field and the conductor element 610 and prevents contact between the first portion 608 and the second portion 620 .
- FIGS. 7A and 7B depict side views of an eddy current braking system 700 in accordance with an example of the technology, in a first position and a second position, respectively.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are described simultaneously and depict a system 700 having two rotating elements.
- the eddy current braking system 700 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device as described above, but not depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B .
- the system 700 used in the autobelay device includes a drum 701 having wrapped there around a webbing 702 .
- a weight W applies a force F on the webbing 702 , which unwraps the webbing 702 by rotating R the drum 701 .
- a drum gear hidden in FIGS.
- the transmission 706 includes a first chain 706 A which rotates R a first gear 706 B.
- the first gear 706 B transfers rotation to a second gear 706 C, which in turn drives a second chain 706 D that turns the first portion 708 .
- the first portion 708 is configured to rotate R and includes a number of magnets 722 .
- Rotation of the drum 701 also rotates a second portion 720 that is manufactured of a conductive material 710 . In a first position (as depicted in FIG. 7A ) the second portion 720 has a datum 728 substantially aligned with a datum 726 of the first portion 708 .
- the second portion 720 and the drum 701 are connected via a linkage 712 to a biasing element 716 that is fixed at an anchor 718 .
- the linkage 712 has a fixed pivot point 714 .
- the biasing force B biases datums 726 , 728 into the position of FIG. 7A where they are substantially aligned.
- the linkage 712 pivots about the fixed pivot point 714 .
- This force F opposes the biasing force B of the biasing element 716 so as to move the datums 726 , 728 away from each other, as depicted in FIG. 7B .
- the second portion 720 moves closer to the magnets 722 disposed on the first portion 708 .
- Heavier weights may generate forces that further increase the distance between the first datum 726 and the second datum 728 , thus moving the conductive material 710 closer to the magnetic field created by the magnets 722 . As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B depict perspective and end views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system 800 in accordance with an example of the technology. More specifically, the eddy current braking system 800 is used in conjunction with a windlass 800 A.
- the windlass 800 A includes a drum 801 having wrapped there around an elongate element such as a rope 802 . Upon exiting the drum 801 , the rope 802 is wound around a capstan 840 .
- a weight W applies a force F on the rope 802 , which unwraps the rope 802 by rotating both the capstan 840 and the drum 801 .
- a capstan gear 804 fixed to the capstan 840 rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via a transmission 806 and first element gear 842 .
- Rotation of the first element gear 842 rotates a first portion 808 .
- the first portion 808 is manufactured of a conductive element 810 .
- the first portion 808 and the capstan 840 are connected via a linkage 812 .
- a biasing element 816 is fixed at an anchor 818 and connected at an opposite end to the linkage 812 , so as to bias the capstan 840 and first portion 808 upward.
- the biasing element 816 is compressed. This, in turn, moves the first portion 808 proximate a second portion 820 that has a fixed position.
- the second portion 820 defines a channels 820 A that includes a plurality of magnets 822 disposed on either side of the channel 820 A.
- the channel 820 A is configured to receive the first portion 808 as it moves proximate the second portion 820 .
- Each of the first portion 808 and the second portion 820 include a datum 826 , 828 , respectively.
- Datum 826 is an axle around which the first portion 808 rotates. Heavier weights may generate forces that further reduce the distance between the first datum 826 and the second datum 828 , thus moving the conductive material 810 deeper into the channel 820 A, so as to subject the conductive element 810 to more magnetic fields generated by the magnets 822 . As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W.
- FIG. 9 depicts a side view of an eddy current braking system 900 in accordance with another example of the technology.
- the eddy current braking system 900 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device.
- the system 900 includes a drum 901 having wrapped there around a webbing 902 .
- a weight W applies a force F on the webbing 902 .
- the force F unwraps the webbing 902 by rotating the drum 901 .
- a drum gear 904 fixed to the drum 901 rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via a transmission 906 to a corresponding first portion 908 manufactured of a conductive element 910 , which also rotates R.
- a linkage 912 connects the drum 901 to a second portion 920 , which includes a plurality of magnets 922 .
- the linkage 912 is depicted includes a cam 912 A, but gears, levers, or other structure may be utilized, as would be apparent to a person of skill in the art.
- a biasing element 916 is fixed at an anchor 918 and connected at an opposite end to the linkage 912 so as to position the second portion 920 such that the magnets 922 are oriented in a first orientation.
- the linkage 912 changes a position of the second portion 920 (more specifically, changes an orientation of the magnets 922 by rotating R a shaft 920 A).
- the magnets 922 may be in an orientation such that the magnetic field generated thereby does not form a braking force on the conductive element 910 .
- Lighter weights W that generate lower forces F may only rotate the shaft 920 A and magnets 922 slightly, so a lower magnetic force is applied to the rotating conductive element 910 .
- Heavier weights may generate forces that further rotate the shaft 920 A and magnets 922 , so a higher magnetic force is applied to the rotating conductive element 910 . As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W.
- FIG. 10 depicts a side view of an eddy current braking system 1000 in accordance with another example of the technology.
- the system 1000 is incorporated into a centrifugal governor 1000 A.
- a weight W applies a force F that opposes a biasing force B that keeps counterweights closer to a shaft 1052 of the governor 1000 A.
- a rotation R is applied to the shaft 1052 , e.g., by paying out webbing disposed about a drum (not shown)
- a first portion 1008 including a plurality of magnetic elements 1022 rotates about the shaft 1052 .
- a second portion 1020 including a number of discrete conductive materials 1010 provides a braking force to counter the rotation R.
- FIG. 11 depicts a method 1100 of operating an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology.
- the method begins with operation 1102 , where a first portion is positioned at a first distance from a second portion.
- the portions can be as described above in the various examples, or as otherwise configured as would be apparent to a person of skill in the art.
- the portions generally include respective datums that can be used to quantify the distance therebetween.
- a weight force is applied to a linkage connecting the first and second portions. This weight force changes a position of one of the datums relative to the other. As such, the positions of the two portions change, thereby adjusting a braking force applied to the weight.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)
- Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus has a first portion of a magnetic braking system with a first element disposed thereon. The first portion rotates about an axis. The position of the first element is a fixed distance from the axis. A second portion of the magnetic braking system has a second element disposed thereon. A spring biases the rotatable first portion a first distance from the second portion. Upon application of a force to one of the portions, the relative position of the rotatable first portion to the second portion is reduced to a second distance less than the first distance.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/831,358, filed Aug. 20, 2015, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/039,731, filed Aug. 20, 2014, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
- Eddy current braking systems may use centrifugal force to cause rotors to expand into a magnetic field. Centrifugal eddy current devices require significant support structure in the rotating rotor assembly to support the centrifugally deploying electrically conductive members, and to ensure that they remain in plane during deployment so that they don't make contact with magnets. Because of the complexity, structure, part count, and mass of incorporating the biasing mechanism(s) into a rotating assembly in which the electrically conductive members deploy centrifugally, the systems contain a significant amount of rotational inertia. Because of this, the initiation of eddy-current braking can be delayed during deployment, and/or completion of braking can be delayed once the load motion has ceased. Furthermore, this delay is intrinsic to the design and cannot be controlled or adjusted without redesigning the unit.
- Even with such extensive support structure, such devices still require very exacting tolerances to allow the peripherally mounted conductive members to reliably move on the same plane into the magnetic field. If a conductive member's pivot is out of tolerance even by very slight amounts (something that can occur due to material defect or if a device has been dropped or suffered an impact) the conductive member can make contact with a magnet during braking, thereby damaging the device and preventing correct rotor deployment.
- Heat dissipation is also an issue. Because eddy current braking systems convert kinetic (e.g., rotational) energy into heat, effectively removing the heat before the various components of the braking system are damaged is a design criteria. Centrifugal devices rely on smooth sided, low-friction conductive members to centrifugally deploy into the magnetic field while sliding against a constraining structure. Because of this, conductive member heat dissipation (an important factor in eddy current braking) is extremely limited.
- For eddy current braking systems that include a retraction spring, such as self-retracting lifelines, auto belay devices and recreational self-retracting descent devices, a device with a heavier rotor assembly retracts more slowly and requires a larger and more robust retraction spring to perform the same work. Because of the limitations of acceptable device size, a larger retraction spring may not be an option, resulting in a device that cannot handle high cyclic usage (e.g., the retraction spring fatigues and fails rapidly).
- Centrifugal eddy current devices often include multiple biasing elements, one for each deploying rotor. This both increases the complexity of the device and makes bias adjustment more difficult. Indeed, most centrifugal systems are not provided with adjustable biasing which would allow a device to be used in different applications. Rather, centrifugal systems are provided with a manufacturer-selected fixed bias that is determined based on the average load conditions expected for the end-use of the device. In addition, the sheer complexity of the centrifugal design contributes to a high manufacturing cost and a high servicing cost.
- The eddy current braking systems described herein utilize a direct mechanical linkage activated by an applied load to move a conductor closer to a magnetic field generated by a magnet assembly (either by moving the conductor, moving the magnet assembly, or both). Through the mechanical linkage, the amount of load applied dictates the distance between the conductor and magnet assembly, thereby causing the braking force to vary with the applied load. The applied load causes a rotation of the device proximate a magnetic field to generate the braking force. Most of the examples described herein will be described in terms of a line dispensing device such as an autobelay or descending device in which the load is applied by the payload being lowered by the device. The reader, however, will understand that the load controlled braking devices described herein could be adapted to any number of devices and uses beyond those presented in the drawings.
- In one aspect, the technology relates to: an apparatus having: a rotatable first portion of a magnetic braking system having a first element disposed thereon, wherein the first portion is rotatable about a rotatable first axis, and wherein a position of the first element is disposed a fixed distance from the rotatable first axis; a second portion of the magnetic braking system having a second element disposed thereon, wherein at least one of the first element and the second element generates a magnetic field; and a spring for biasing the rotatable first portion a first distance from the second portion, wherein upon application of a force to at least one of the rotatable first portion and the second portion, a relative position of the rotatable first portion to the second portion is reduced to a second distance less than the first distance. In an embodiment, the second portion is rotatable about a second axis. In another embodiment, a position of the second element is disposed a fixed distance from the second axis. In yet another embodiment, the first element includes a plurality of magnets and the second element includes a conductor. In still another embodiment, the first element has a conductor and the second element has a plurality of magnets.
- In another embodiment of the above aspect, the apparatus further includes: a rotatable drum; a length of material wound about the drum; and wherein the force is applied to at least one of the rotatable first portion and the second portion by a weight applied to the length of material. In an embodiment, the length of material includes a length of at least one of a webbing, a cable, a rope, and a chain. In another embodiment, a rotation of the rotatable drum causes a corresponding rotation of the rotatable first portion. In yet another embodiment, the apparatus further includes a plurality of gears disposed between the rotatable drum and the rotatable first portion.
- In another aspect, the technology relates to an apparatus having: a first portion of a magnetic braking system having a first element, wherein the first element is arranged in an array, wherein the first element is a first fixed distance from a first datum; a second portion of the magnetic braking system having a second element, wherein the second element is a second fixed distance from a second datum, wherein at least one of the first element and the second element generates a magnetic field; a linkage connecting the first portion and the second portion, wherein an application of a force to the linkage changes a position of the first datum relative to the second datum. In an embodiment, the first portion is rotatable about the first datum. In another embodiment, the second portion is rotatable about the second datum. In yet another embodiment, the linkage has a biasing element configured to bias the first datum a first distance away from the second datum, and wherein the application of the force moves the first datum relative to the second datum. In still another embodiment, the application of the force moves the first portion to a second distance relative to the second datum, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance.
- In another embodiment of the above aspect, the apparatus further includes: a rotatable drum; a length of material wound about the drum; and wherein a rotation of the rotatable drum generates a corresponding rotation of at least one of the first portion and the second portion. In an embodiment, a weight applied to the length of material generates the force applied to the linkage. In another embodiment, the array includes a plurality of first elements. In yet another embodiment, the array defines: a first subset of first elements disposed a first subset distance from the first datum; and a second subset of first elements disposed a second subset distance from the first datum. In still another embodiment, the first subset includes a first number of first elements and wherein the second subset includes a second number of first elements, and wherein the second subset is different than the first subset.
- In another embodiment of the above aspect, the first subset includes a first density per a fixed unit area of first elements and wherein the second subset includes a second density per the fixed unit area of first elements, and wherein the second subset is different than the first subset. In an embodiment, the first subset includes a first area of first elements and wherein the second subset includes a second area of first elements, and wherein the second subset is different than the first subset.
- In another aspect, the technology relates to a method including: positioning a first portion at a first distance to a second portion, wherein: the first portion has a first element of a magnetic braking system, and wherein the first element is a first fixed distance from a first datum; and the second portion has a second element of the magnetic braking system, wherein the second element is a second fixed distance from a second datum, and wherein at least one of the first element and the second element generates a magnetic field; and applying a force to a linkage connecting the first portion and the second portion, wherein the application of the force to the linkage changes a position of the first datum relative to the second datum.
- There are shown in the drawings, examples which are presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the technology is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
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FIGS. 1A-1H depict schematic views of first and second portions of eddy current braking systems in accordance with examples of the technology. -
FIGS. 2A and 2B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology. -
FIG. 3 depicts a perspective view of an eddy current braking system in accordance with another example of the technology. -
FIGS. 4A and 4B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology. -
FIGS. 5A and 5B depict end views of eddy current braking systems in accordance with examples of the technology. -
FIGS. 6A and 6B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology. -
FIGS. 7A and 7B depict side views of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology, in a first position and a second position, respectively. -
FIGS. 8A and 8B depict perspective and end views, respectively, of an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology. -
FIG. 9 depicts a side view of an eddy current braking system in accordance with another example of the technology. -
FIG. 10 depicts a side view of an eddy current braking system in accordance with another example of the technology. -
FIG. 11 depicts a method of operating an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology. - Several configurations of eddy braking systems are contemplated and depicted in the following figures.
FIGS. 1A-1H depict schematic views of first and second portions of eddycurrent braking systems 100 in accordance with examples of the technology. The various examples are described generally below, with regard to shared aspects, structures, and functions. Components common tosystems 100 described inFIGS. 1A-1H are identified only by root numbers (e.g., “first datum 100”), without regard to suffix (e.g., A-H). With regard to specific examples of the eddycurrent braking systems 100A-H ofFIGS. 1A-1H , specifics of the various examples are described following in this general presentation. In general, eachbraking system 100 includes first portion 102 and a second portion 104. In various examples, each portion 102, 104 can include (or be manufactured from) one or more electrically conductive elements 106 and/or magnetic elements 108. The electrically conductive element is also referred to herein as a conductor, conductor element, or conductive element. The magnetic element is also referred to herein as a magnet. The first portion 102 includes a datum 110, and the second portion 104 includes a datum 112. The location of the datums 110, 112 on their respective first and second portions 102, 104 may be defined as required or desired for a particular application. For example, datums for rotating elements may be defined as an axis A about which that element rotates. Datums for non-rotational elements may be defined as a fixed point P on that element. - The datums 110, 112 define points by which to measure the spacing between the first portion 102 and the second portion 104. For example, in one condition of the
braking system 100, the datums 110, 112 are separated by a first distance D. In a second condition, the datums 110, 112 are separated by a second distance D′ that is less than the first distance D. As the distance D between the datums 110, 112 is reduced, the conductor elements 106 and magnetic elements 108 overlap, thereby causing the braking force to vary with an applied load force F. Additionally or alternatively, the second condition can contemplate a closer proximity or shorter distance between the conductor elements 106 and magnetic elements can also generate a higher braking force. In general, the farther the conductor 106 penetrates the magnetic field generated by the magnets 108, the greater the braking force applied. Each of the datums 110, 112 serve as reference points for the conductor elements 106 and/or magnetic elements 108. For example, in the example depicted inFIG. 1A , theconductor element 106A is a fixed, constant distance from thedatum 110A, in that the entirefirst portion 102A is made from theconductor element 106A. In other words, theconductor element 106A does not move relevant to its datum. Similarly, themagnetic element 108A is a fixed, constant distance from thedatum 112A, in that the entiresecond portion 104A is made from themagnetic element 108A. Again, themagnetic element 108A does not move relative to itsdatum 112A. - As the distance D between datums 110, 112 is reduced to the shorter distance D′, the
conductor element 106A moves into a magnetic field generated by themagnetic element 108A. Movement of the datums 110, 112 can be caused by the application of a force, as described in various examples below. If one of the portions 102, 104 is rotating R, a magnetic force generated on the conductor element 106 by the magnetic element 108 begins to slow rotation R of that portion 102, 104. As the datums 110, 102 move closer together, the conductor element 106 further overlaps the magnetic element, such that a greater magnetic force is applied, further slowing the rotation R. This helps apply a braking force that is directly related to, e.g., a weight force acting upon thesystem 100, as described below. It is desirable that the portions 102, 104 do not contact each other, as this may cause damage and failure of thesystem 100. As such, the portions 102, 104 may be disposed in different planes such that facing edges 114, 116 may overlap as the datums 110, 112 move closer together. - With regard to specific examples depicted in the figures,
FIG. 1A depicts abraking system 100A including afirst portion 102A manufactured substantially of anconductor element 106A that rotates R. Thesecond portion 104A is manufactured substantially of amagnetic element 108A. As the distance D between datums 110A, 112A is reduced to shorter distance D′, rotation R of thefirst portion 102A is slowed as theconductor element 106A overlaps further with the magnetic field generated by themagnetic element 108A. InFIG. 1B , abraking system 100B includes afirst portion 102B manufactured substantially of anconductor element 106B that rotates R. Thesecond portion 104B includes a plurality ofmagnetic elements 108B, that are disposed substantially parallel to aleading edge 116B of thesecond portion 104B. As such, as the distance D between datums 110B, 112B is shortened, the rotatingfirst portion 102B encounters a stronger magnetic field as theconductor element 106B overlaps with the plurality ofmagnets 108B. That is, theconductive element 106B encounters magnetic field generated by a greater number ofmagnetic elements 108B as thedatums first portion 102B or thesecond portion 104B are subject to a higher braking force since the heavier loads bring thedatums - In
FIG. 1C , abraking system 100C includes afirst portion 102C that includes a plurality ofmagnetic elements 108C, and is configured for rotation R. Thesecond portion 104C is manufactured of aconductive material 106C. As thedatums conductive element 106C encounters the magnetic fields generated by themagnetic elements 108C and braking force is increased. InFIG. 1D , abraking system 100D includes afirst portion 102D manufactured substantially of an electricallyconductive element 106D that rotates R. Thesecond portion 104D includes a plurality ofmagnetic elements 108D that are disposed substantially parallel to aleading edge 116D of thesecond portion 104D, in a number ofarrays 118D. As the distance D between datums 110D, 112D is shortened, theconductive element 106D encounters magnetic fields formed by afirst array 118D′, which applies a first braking force to slow the rotation R. Heavier loads applied to either of thefirst portion 102D or thesecond portion 104D will cause the datums 110D, 112D to move even closer together. As such, a heavier load will cause theconductive element 106D to encounter magnetic fields formed by both thefirst array 118D′, as well asecond array 118D″. Even heavier loads will cause theconductive element 106D to encounter magnetic fields formed by thefirst array 118D′, thesecond array 118D″, and athird array 118D′″. By encountering magnetic fields generated by allarrays 118D, the strongest braking force is applied to the rotatingfirst portion 102D, thus applying greater braking forces to thesystem 100D when under a heaviest load. - In
FIG. 1E , abraking system 100E includes afirst portion 102E manufactured substantially of an electricallyconductive element 106E that rotates R. Thesecond portion 104E includes a plurality ofmagnetic elements 108E that are disposed substantially parallel to a leading edge 116E of thesecond portion 104E, in a number ofarrays 118E, wherein thearrays 118E contain a subset of the total number ofmagnetic elements 108E. Each array has a density per unit area ofmagnets 108E, where the area is identified by the total area of thesecond portion 108E bounded by themagnets 108E in theparticular array 118E. As the distance D between datums 110E, 112E is decreased, theconductive element 106E encounters magnetic fields formed by afirst array 118E′, which applies a first braking force to slow the rotation R. Heavier loads applied to either of thefirst portion 102E or thesecond portion 104E will cause the datums 110E, 112E to move even closer. As such, a heavier load will cause theconductive element 106E to encounter magnetic fields formed by both thefirst array 118E′, as well asecond array 118E″. Thesecond array 118E″ has a higher density per unit area of thesecond portion 104E, as apparent by the greater number ofmagnets 108E in the first array 118′ than in the second array 118″. Even heavier loads will cause theconductive element 106E to encounter magnetic fields formed by thefirst array 118E′, thesecond array 118E″, and athird array 118E′″, which has an even greater array density. Moreover, a fourth,supplemental array 118E″″ disposed adjacent thethird array 118E′″ provides even further braking force to slow rotation R for very heavy loads. Eacharray 118E is defined by an array distance or subset distance from thedatum 112E. Although thearrays 118E are described with regard to derivatives thereof, the arrays may also be described with regard to a number ofmagnetic elements 108E perarray 118E, or the total area of magnets in a particular array. -
FIG. 1F depicts abraking system 100F including afirst portion 102F manufactured substantially of an electricallyconductive element 106F that rotates R. Thesecond portion 104F is manufactured substantially of amagnetic element 108F. As the distance D between datums 110F, 112F is reduced to shorter distance D′, rotation R of thefirst portion 102F is slowed as the electricallyconductive element 106F is moved further into the magnetic field generated by themagnetic element 108F. Notably, aleading edge 114F is serrated or otherwise non-smooth, with a number of cut-outs 120F depicted. Thecutouts 120F result in afirst portion 102F having a smaller amount ofconductive element 106F proximate theleading edge 114F. As such, a smaller amount ofconductive element 106F enters the magnetic field generated by themagnetic element 108F under smaller loads, while heavier loads cause a greater amount of theconductive element 106F to enter the field. This controls braking force applied based on the load. -
FIG. 1G depicts abraking system 100G including afirst portion 102G manufactured substantially of an electricallyconductive element 106G that rotates R. Thesecond portion 104G includes a plurality ofmagnetic elements 108G having a shape that defines a smaller area closer to aleading edge 116G of thesecond portion 104G, and a greater area as the distance from theleading edge 116G increases. As the distance D between datums 110G, 112G is reduced, theconductive element 106G encounters a greater area ofmagnet elements 108G and, as such, a higher force produced by the magnetic fields generated therefrom. Thus, heavier loads are subject to higher braking forces. -
FIGS. 1A-1G depictbraking systems 100 having a first portion 102 that rotates and a second portion 104 that is generally non-rotational. The technologies described herein may also be leveraged withbraking systems 100H that have tworotating portions FIG. 1H . Here, the first andsecond portions rotating portion 102H includes a plurality ofconductive elements 106H arranged inarrays 122F. Thesecond portion 104H includes a plurality ofmagnetic elements 108H, having shapes that define a smaller area closer to aleading edge 116H of thesecond portion 104H, and a greater area as the distance from theleading edge 116H increases. As the distance D between datums 110H, 112H is reduced, theconductive elements 106H encounter a greater area ofmagnet elements 108H and, as such, a higher force produced by the magnetic fields generated therefrom. Thus, heavier loads are subject to higher braking forces. Some of theconductive elements 106H and themagnet elements 108H are configured such that they have smaller areas proximate the leading edges of their respective portions. As such, smaller braking forces are encountered at those smaller areas. Other shapes of such elements are contemplated. This can help further alter the dynamic range of the braking system. - The following figures depict generally eddy current braking systems that incorporate these and other examples of configurations of magnetic and electrically-conductive elements. These non-limiting examples may be further modified as will be apparent to a person of skill in the art upon reading the specification. As such, other eddy current braking systems including different magnetic element and conductive element configurations are contemplated. For example, although the following examples depict auto-belay and other fall-protection systems, other applications of the braking systems described herein are contemplated. The braking systems may be used to provide a braking force a car such as a roller coaster or train. That is, the systems can be integrated into the wheels of the car and braking systems that apply a braking force to those wheels. Vertical configurations (e.g., for elevator systems) are also contemplated. Additionally, the cable or webbing being unrolled from the drums described below can be unrolled in a horizontal configuration (e.g., on a zipline system, or other substantially linear conveyance system). Such systems can include loading and unloading systems for the movement of goods from cargo vessels, and so on.
-
FIGS. 2A and 2B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddycurrent braking system 200 in accordance with an example of the technology.FIGS. 2A and 2B are described simultaneously. The eddycurrent braking system 200 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., to slow and/or stop the fall of a weight or load. For example, the eddycurrent braking system 200 may be utilized in an autobelay device that is used for climbing, fall-protection, or other systems. Such an autobelay device is depicted generally inFIGS. 2A and 2B as dashed box AB. The device AB includes a drum (hidden inFIGS. 2A and 2B ) having wrapped there around a webbing, cable, or otherelongate element 202. A weight W (e.g., a climber) applies a force F on thewebbing 202. The force F unwraps thewebbing 202 by rotating the drum. Adrum gear 204 fixed to the drum rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via a chain and gear, cable and pulley, orother transmission 206 to a correspondingfirst portion 208 manufactured of aconductive element 210, which also rotates R. Thefirst portion 208 and the drum gear 204 (as well as the drum) are connected via alinkage 212 that has a fixedpivot point 214. - A biasing
element 216 is fixed at ananchor 218 and connected at an opposite end to thelinkage 212 anddrum gear 204 so as to bias the drum gear 204 (upward in the depictedFIGS. 2A and 2B ). As described herein, biasing elements may include compression springs, torsion springs, extension springs, gas cylinders, electromagnetic devices, and so on. Additionally, a biasing force B provided by the biasing elements in the various examples depicted herein may be adjustable. In that regard, a user could further tune the biasing force B for an autobelay device based at least in part on a weight of the user, a desired fall rate, and other factors. As the weight W applies a force F to thewebbing 202, the linkage pivots P about the fixedpivot point 214. This, in turn, moves thefirst portion 208 proximate asecond portion 220 having a fixed position, which includes a plurality ofmagnets 222 disposed in anarray 224 thereon. Lighter weights W that generate lower forces F may only move thefirst portion 208 proximate afirst portion 224′ of themagnet array 224. Each of thefirst portion 208 and thesecond portion 220 include adatum Datum 226 is an axle around which thefirst portion 208 rotates. Heavier weights may generate forces further reduce the distance between thefirst datum 226 and thesecond datum 228, thus moving theconductive material 210 closer to the second 224″ andthird portions 224′″ of thearray 224. As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W. -
FIG. 3 depicts a perspective view of an eddycurrent braking system 300 in accordance with another example of the technology. The eddycurrent braking system 300 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device as described above, but not depicted inFIG. 3 . Thesystem 300 used in the autobelay device includes adrum 301 having wrapped there around a webbing, cable, or otherelongate element 302. A weight W applies a force F on thewebbing 302, which unwraps thewebbing 302 by rotating thedrum 301. Adrum gear 304 fixed to thedrum 301 rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via atransmission 306 to a correspondingfirst portion 308. Here, thefirst portion 308 includes a plurality ofdiscrete disks disk conductive element 310. Thefirst portion 308 and thedrum 301 are connected via alinkage 312 that has a fixedpivot point 314. A biasingelement 316 is fixed at ananchor 318, and connected at an opposite end to thelinkage 312 and drum 301 so as to bias thedrum 301 upward. As the weight W applies a force F to thewebbing 302, the linkage pivots P about the fixedpivot point 314. This, in turn, moves thefirst portion 308 proximate asecond portion 320 having a fixed position. Thesecond portion 320 defines a plurality ofchannels channel magnets 322 disposed on either side of therespective channel channels discrete disks first portion 308 moves proximate thesecond portion 320. While three channels and disks are depicted, other examples may utilize only a single channel or more than three channels. Lighter weights W that generate lower forces F may only move thefirst portion 308 proximate a first distance D into thesecond portion 320. Each of thefirst portion 308 and thesecond portion 320 include adatum Datum 326 is an axle around which thefirst portion 308 rotates. Heavier weights may generate forces that further reduce the distance between thefirst datum 326 and thesecond datum 328, thus moving theconductive material 310 further into thesecond portion 320. As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W. Heavier weights may generate forces to move thedisks channels conductive element 310 to more magnetic fields generated by themagnets 322. As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W. -
FIGS. 4A and 4B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddycurrent braking system 400 in accordance with an example of the technology.FIGS. 4A and 4B are described simultaneously. The eddycurrent braking system 400 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device, which is not depicted inFIGS. 4A and 4B . Thesystem 400 includes adrum 401 having wrapped there around awebbing 402. A weight W applies a force F on thewebbing 402, which unwraps thewebbing 402 by rotating thedrum 401. Adrum gear 404 fixed to the drum rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via atransmission 406 to a correspondingfirst portion 408 that includes thereon a number ofmagnets 422 and also rotates R. Thedrum 401 anddrum gear 404 are connected via alinkage 412 to asecond portion 420, which is manufactured of aconductive element 410. Upon movement of thelinkage 412, thesecond portion 420 pivots P about a fixedpivot point 414. A biasingelement 416 is fixed at ananchor 418 and connected at an opposite end to thelinkage 412 anddrum gear 404, so as to bias the drum gear 404 (upward in the depictedFIGS. 4A and 4B ). As the weight W applies a force F to thewebbing 402, thelinkage 412 pivots P thesecond portion 420 about the fixedpivot point 414. This, in turn, moves thesecond portion 420 further from thefirst portion 408 having a fixed position. Lighter weights W that generate lower forces F may only move thesecond portion 420 slightly away from thefirst portion 408. Each of thefirst portion 408 and thesecond portion 420 include adatum Datum 426 is an axle around which thefirst portion 408 rotates. Heavier weights may generate forces that further increase the distance between thefirst datum 426 and thesecond datum 428, thus moving theconductive material 410 further from a greater number ofmagnets 422. As such, heavier weights W are subjected to lesser braking forces to less effectively slow the weight W. A knurled knob 430 that is rotatable on a threaded rod that attaches to the anchor and is disposed proximate theanchor 418 for adjusting a biasing force of thespring 416. -
FIGS. 5A and 5B depict end views of eddycurrent braking systems 500 in accordance with examples of the technology.FIGS. 5A and 5B are described simultaneously, although specific structural differences are noted. Each eddycurrent braking system 500 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces. A weight W applies a force F on alinkage 512 that includes a plurality ofbars 512′ that pivot about a fixedpivot point 514. Afirst portion 508 is manufactured of aconductive element 510 and configured for rotation R about adatum 526. A biasingelement 516 is connected to thelinkage 512 so as to bias asecond portion 520, which includes a plurality ofmagnets 522. As the weight W applies a force F to thelinkage 512, thelinkage arms 512 pivot P about the fixed pivot points 514. This, in turn, moves thesecond portion 520 proximate thefirst portion 508. Each of thefirst portion 508 and thesecond portion 520 include adatum Datum 526 is an axle around which thefirst portion 508 rotates. Heavier weights may generate forces further reduce the distance between thefirst datum 526 and thesecond datum 528, thus moving themagnets 522 closer to theconductive material 510. As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W.FIG. 5A depicts aconductive element 510 disposed substantially parallel toparallel magnet elements 522.FIG. 5B , on the other hand, depicts aconductive element 510 having a taperedouter edge 508A configured to interact with substantiallycurved magnets 522A. -
FIGS. 6A and 6B depict perspective and side views, respectively, of an eddycurrent braking system 600 in accordance with an example of the technology.FIGS. 6A and 6B are described simultaneously and depict asystem 600 having two rotating elements. The eddycurrent braking system 600 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device as described above, but not depicted inFIGS. 6A and 6B . Thesystem 600 used in the autobelay device includes adrum 601 having wrapped there around awebbing 602. A weight W applies a force F on thewebbing 602, which unwraps thewebbing 602 by rotating thedrum 601. Adrum gear 604 fixed to thedrum 601 rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via atransmission 606, which includes a plurality ofgears first portion 608. Here, thefirst portion 608 includes a plurality ofdiscrete disks disk magnets 622. Thefirst portion 608 and thedrum 601 are connected via alinkage 612 that has a fixedpivot point 614, which is an axle about which thedrum 601 rotates. Rotation of thedrum 601 also transfers rotation R via atransmission 630, which includes a plurality ofgears second portion 620. Thesecond portion 620 is manufactured of aconductive material 610 and is configured to rotate R. Thesecond portion 620 and thedrum 601 are connected via alinkage 632 that shares the fixedpivot point 614. Each of thefirst portion 608 and thesecond portion 620 include adatum - A biasing
element 616 is fixed at ananchor 618 to thefirst linkage 612 and fixed at ananchor 634 to thesecond linkage 632, so as to bias thedatums webbing 602, thelinkages pivot point 614. This, in turn, compresses the biasingelement 616 so as to move thedatums second portion 620 moves between thedisks first portion 608. Heavier weights may generate forces that further reduce the distance between thefirst datum 626 and thesecond datum 628, thus moving theconductive material 610 deeper into the magnetic field created by themagnets 622. As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W. A positive stop mechanism formed as abar 636 extending from thelinkage 612 controls the overlap of the magnetic field and theconductor element 610 and prevents contact between thefirst portion 608 and thesecond portion 620. -
FIGS. 7A and 7B depict side views of an eddycurrent braking system 700 in accordance with an example of the technology, in a first position and a second position, respectively.FIGS. 7A and 7B are described simultaneously and depict asystem 700 having two rotating elements. The eddycurrent braking system 700 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device as described above, but not depicted inFIGS. 7A and 7B . Thesystem 700 used in the autobelay device includes adrum 701 having wrapped there around awebbing 702. A weight W applies a force F on thewebbing 702, which unwraps thewebbing 702 by rotating R thedrum 701. A drum gear (hidden inFIGS. 7A and 7B ) fixed to thedrum 701 rotates, and that rotation R is transferred via atransmission 706, to a correspondingfirst portion 708. Here, thetransmission 706 includes afirst chain 706A which rotates R afirst gear 706B. Thefirst gear 706B transfers rotation to asecond gear 706C, which in turn drives asecond chain 706D that turns thefirst portion 708. Here, thefirst portion 708 is configured to rotate R and includes a number ofmagnets 722. Rotation of thedrum 701 also rotates asecond portion 720 that is manufactured of aconductive material 710. In a first position (as depicted inFIG. 7A ) thesecond portion 720 has adatum 728 substantially aligned with adatum 726 of thefirst portion 708. - The
second portion 720 and thedrum 701 are connected via alinkage 712 to abiasing element 716 that is fixed at ananchor 718. Thelinkage 712 has a fixedpivot point 714. The biasing force B biases datums 726, 728 into the position ofFIG. 7A where they are substantially aligned. As the weight W applies a force F to thewebbing 702, thelinkage 712 pivots about the fixedpivot point 714. This force F opposes the biasing force B of the biasingelement 716 so as to move thedatums FIG. 7B . As such, thesecond portion 720 moves closer to themagnets 722 disposed on thefirst portion 708. Heavier weights may generate forces that further increase the distance between thefirst datum 726 and thesecond datum 728, thus moving theconductive material 710 closer to the magnetic field created by themagnets 722. As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W. -
FIGS. 8A and 8B depict perspective and end views, respectively, of an eddycurrent braking system 800 in accordance with an example of the technology. More specifically, the eddycurrent braking system 800 is used in conjunction with awindlass 800A. Thewindlass 800A includes adrum 801 having wrapped there around an elongate element such as arope 802. Upon exiting thedrum 801, therope 802 is wound around acapstan 840. A weight W applies a force F on therope 802, which unwraps therope 802 by rotating both thecapstan 840 and thedrum 801. Acapstan gear 804 fixed to thecapstan 840 rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via atransmission 806 andfirst element gear 842. Rotation of thefirst element gear 842 rotates afirst portion 808. Here, thefirst portion 808 is manufactured of aconductive element 810. Thefirst portion 808 and thecapstan 840 are connected via alinkage 812. A biasingelement 816 is fixed at ananchor 818 and connected at an opposite end to thelinkage 812, so as to bias thecapstan 840 andfirst portion 808 upward. As the weight W applies a force F to therope 802, the biasingelement 816 is compressed. This, in turn, moves thefirst portion 808 proximate asecond portion 820 that has a fixed position. Thesecond portion 820 defines achannels 820A that includes a plurality ofmagnets 822 disposed on either side of thechannel 820A. Thechannel 820A is configured to receive thefirst portion 808 as it moves proximate thesecond portion 820. Each of thefirst portion 808 and thesecond portion 820 include adatum Datum 826 is an axle around which thefirst portion 808 rotates. Heavier weights may generate forces that further reduce the distance between thefirst datum 826 and thesecond datum 828, thus moving theconductive material 810 deeper into thechannel 820A, so as to subject theconductive element 810 to more magnetic fields generated by themagnets 822. As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W. -
FIG. 9 depicts a side view of an eddycurrent braking system 900 in accordance with another example of the technology. The eddycurrent braking system 900 may be utilized in any system that requires braking forces, e.g., an autobelay device. Thesystem 900 includes adrum 901 having wrapped there around awebbing 902. A weight W applies a force F on thewebbing 902. The force F unwraps thewebbing 902 by rotating thedrum 901. Adrum gear 904 fixed to thedrum 901 rotates R, and that rotation R is transferred via atransmission 906 to a correspondingfirst portion 908 manufactured of aconductive element 910, which also rotatesR. A linkage 912 connects thedrum 901 to asecond portion 920, which includes a plurality ofmagnets 922. Thelinkage 912 is depicted includes acam 912A, but gears, levers, or other structure may be utilized, as would be apparent to a person of skill in the art. - A biasing
element 916 is fixed at ananchor 918 and connected at an opposite end to thelinkage 912 so as to position thesecond portion 920 such that themagnets 922 are oriented in a first orientation. As the weight W applies a force F to thewebbing 902, thelinkage 912 changes a position of the second portion 920 (more specifically, changes an orientation of themagnets 922 by rotating R ashaft 920A). When unloaded by weight W, themagnets 922 may be in an orientation such that the magnetic field generated thereby does not form a braking force on theconductive element 910. Lighter weights W that generate lower forces F may only rotate theshaft 920A andmagnets 922 slightly, so a lower magnetic force is applied to the rotatingconductive element 910. Heavier weights may generate forces that further rotate theshaft 920A andmagnets 922, so a higher magnetic force is applied to the rotatingconductive element 910. As such, heavier weights W are subjected to stronger braking forces to more effectively slow the weight W. -
FIG. 10 depicts a side view of an eddycurrent braking system 1000 in accordance with another example of the technology. Here, thesystem 1000 is incorporated into acentrifugal governor 1000A. A weight W applies a force F that opposes a biasing force B that keeps counterweights closer to ashaft 1052 of thegovernor 1000A. Thus, as a rotation R is applied to theshaft 1052, e.g., by paying out webbing disposed about a drum (not shown), afirst portion 1008 including a plurality ofmagnetic elements 1022 rotates about theshaft 1052. Asecond portion 1020 including a number of discreteconductive materials 1010 provides a braking force to counter the rotation R. -
FIG. 11 depicts amethod 1100 of operating an eddy current braking system in accordance with an example of the technology. The method begins withoperation 1102, where a first portion is positioned at a first distance from a second portion. The portions can be as described above in the various examples, or as otherwise configured as would be apparent to a person of skill in the art. The portions generally include respective datums that can be used to quantify the distance therebetween. In operation 1004, a weight force is applied to a linkage connecting the first and second portions. This weight force changes a position of one of the datums relative to the other. As such, the positions of the two portions change, thereby adjusting a braking force applied to the weight. - It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein, but is extended to equivalents thereof as would be recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. It must be noted that, as used in this specification, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
- It will be clear that the systems and methods described herein are well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those inherent therein. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the methods, devices, and systems within this specification may be implemented in many manners and as such is not to be limited by the foregoing exemplified examples and examples. In this regard, any number of the features of the different examples described herein may be combined into one single example and alternate examples having fewer than or more than all of the features herein described are possible.
- This disclosure described some examples of the present technology with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which only some of the possible examples were shown. Other aspects may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein. Rather, these examples were provided so that this disclosure was thorough and complete and fully conveyed the scope of the possible examples to those skilled in the art.
- Although specific examples were described herein, the scope of the technology is not limited to those specific examples. One skilled in the art will recognize other examples or improvements that are within the scope and spirit of the present technology. Therefore, the specific structure, acts, or media are disclosed only as illustrative examples. The scope of the technology is defined by the following claims and any equivalents therein.
Claims (21)
1-22. (canceled)
23. An auto belay device comprising:
a rotatable drum;
a length of material wrapped at least partially around the rotatable drum, wherein a weight is configured to be applied to an end of the length of material; and
an eddy current braking system configured to generate a braking force to slow or stop an unwrapping of the length of material from the rotatable drum, wherein the braking force applied by the eddy current braking system varies with the applied weight and stronger braking forces are generated for heavier applied weights, and wherein the eddy current braking system comprises:
at least one magnetic element;
at least one conductive element; and
a biasing element coupled to the rotatable drum, wherein the at least one magnetic element or the at least one conductive element is coupled to the rotatable drum, wherein the rotatable drum is movable from a first distance towards a second distance, and wherein movement of the rotatable drum moves the at least one magnetic element relative to the at least one conductive element based on the application of the weight on the length of material and against a biasing force of the biasing element.
24. The auto belay device of claim 23 , wherein the biasing force of the biasing element is adjustable.
25. The auto belay device of claim 23 , further comprising a transmission rotatably coupling the rotatable drum and the at least one magnetic element or the at least one conductive element.
26. The auto belay device of claim 25 , wherein rotation of the rotatable drum and the at least one magnetic element or the at least one conductive element are in the same rotational direction.
27. The auto belay device of claim 25 , wherein the transmission includes at least one gear.
28. The auto belay device of claim 23 , wherein the biasing element provides the biasing force orientated in a substantially vertical direction.
29. The auto belay device of claim 23 , wherein the rotatable drum is mechanically linked with at least a portion of the eddy current braking system.
30. An eddy current braking system comprising:
a rotatable drum having a length of material wrapped at least partially around the rotatable drum, wherein a weight is configured to be applied to an end of the length of material;
a biasing element coupled to the rotatable drum, wherein the rotatable drum is moveable from a first distance towards a second distance based on the application of the weight on the length of material against a biasing force of the biasing element;
a first eddy current braking element that includes at least one magnetic element or at least one conductive element;
a second eddy current braking element that includes the other of the at least one magnetic element or the at least one conductive element; and
a linkage coupled between the first eddy current braking element and the rotatable drum, wherein the linkage at least partially transfers movement of the rotatable drum into corresponding displacement of the first eddy current braking element relative to the second eddy current braking element so as to generate an eddy current braking force.
31. The eddy current braking system of claim 30 , wherein the first eddy current braking element is rotatable, and wherein the system further comprises a transmission rotatably coupling the rotatable drum to the first eddy current braking element.
32. The eddy current braking system of claim 30 , wherein the linkage is pivotable about a fixed pivot point.
33. The eddy current braking system of claim 30 , wherein the second eddy current braking element is fixed within the system.
34. The eddy current braking system of claim 30 , wherein the biasing element is fixed at an anchor within the system.
35. The eddy current braking system of claim 30 , wherein the first eddy current braking element includes the at least one conductive element and the second eddy current braking element includes the at least one magnetic element.
36. The eddy current braking system of claim 35 , wherein the at least one conductive elements comprises a plurality of conductive elements and the at least one magnetic element comprises a plurality of magnetic elements, and wherein each of the plurality of conductive elements is received by a corresponding magnetic element of the plurality of magnetic elements.
37. A method of generating an eddy current braking force comprising:
biasing a first datum of a magnetic element relative to a second datum of a conductive element at a first distance via a biasing element; and
applying a weight to one of the magnetic element or the conductive element, wherein the applied weight moves the first datum and the second datum towards a second distance relative to one another and against a biasing force of the basing element,
wherein the proximity of the first datum relative to the second datum generates the eddy current braking force, and wherein heavier weights generate stronger braking forces and closer second distances.
38. The method of claim 37 , further comprising rotating the conductive element around the second datum.
39. The method of claim 38 , further comprising rotating the magnetic element around the first datum.
40. The method of claim 39 , wherein a rotation direction of the conductive element is opposite of a rotation direction of the magnetic element.
41. The method of claim 37 , wherein magnetic fields form by the magnetic element increase in intensity with closer distances to the first datum.
42. The method of claim 37 , wherein the conductive element has a smaller cross-sectional area at farther distances from the second datum.
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US16/738,723 US20200282841A1 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2020-01-09 | Eddy current braking device for rotary systems |
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US16/738,723 Abandoned US20200282841A1 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2020-01-09 | Eddy current braking device for rotary systems |
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KR102250725B1 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2021-05-11 | 에디 커런트 리미티드 파트너쉽 | Tuning of a kinematic relationship between members |
EP3183802B1 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2019-12-04 | Hi Tech LLC | Eddy current braking device for linear systems |
CA2969407C (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2022-10-11 | Eddy Current Limited Partnership | Latch activation between elements |
US9723823B2 (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2017-08-08 | Terry Richardson | Fishing line dispenser |
-
2015
- 2015-08-20 EP EP15759996.0A patent/EP3183802B1/en active Active
- 2015-08-20 EP EP15759997.8A patent/EP3183039B1/en active Active
- 2015-08-20 US US14/831,358 patent/US10532662B2/en active Active
- 2015-08-20 US US14/831,310 patent/US10035421B2/en active Active
- 2015-08-20 WO PCT/US2015/046171 patent/WO2016029059A2/en active Application Filing
- 2015-08-20 CN CN201580056996.0A patent/CN107206978B/en active Active
- 2015-08-20 WO PCT/US2015/046172 patent/WO2016029060A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-08-20 CN CN201580056441.6A patent/CN107206977B/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-01-09 US US16/738,723 patent/US20200282841A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11053996B2 (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2021-07-06 | Qiguang Wang | Hub motor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2016029059A2 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
EP3183802B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
US10532662B2 (en) | 2020-01-14 |
CN107206977A (en) | 2017-09-26 |
CN107206978A (en) | 2017-09-26 |
EP3183039B1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
CN107206978B (en) | 2020-06-02 |
WO2016029059A3 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
EP3183802A2 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
US20160052400A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
US20160052401A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
US10035421B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
EP3183039A1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
WO2016029060A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
CN107206977B (en) | 2020-06-02 |
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