CN102497085A - Permanent-magnet eddy current retarder based on Halbach array - Google Patents
Permanent-magnet eddy current retarder based on Halbach array Download PDFInfo
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- CN102497085A CN102497085A CN2011104374170A CN201110437417A CN102497085A CN 102497085 A CN102497085 A CN 102497085A CN 2011104374170 A CN2011104374170 A CN 2011104374170A CN 201110437417 A CN201110437417 A CN 201110437417A CN 102497085 A CN102497085 A CN 102497085A
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Abstract
Rotors are installed on a transmission shaft; the transmission shaft is installed in a central hole of a fixing plate; two ends of a bidirectional screw shaft are installed inside holes above the central hole of the fixing plate; two ends of each of three linear optical shafts are fixed into holes in front of, behind and below the central hole of the fixing plate; each of the two rotors consists of a Halbach-array permanent-magnet ring and a retaining rack; an outer cylindrical surface of the permanent-magnet ring is fixed inside a center hole of the retaining rack; a radial clearance is formed between an inner cylindrical surface of the permanent-magnet ring and an outer cylindrical surface of each rotor; four installing holes are uniformly distributed on the retaining rack; an upper installing hole is matched with the bidirectional screw shaft through a screw nut; the other three installing holes are matched with the linear optical shafts through linear bearings; and a servo motor is connected whit the bidirectional screw shaft through a shaft coupler. In the radial-array permanent-magnet eddy current retarder, the utilization ratio of a magnet is high, the brake moment is large, the response is quick, the heat dissipating conditions are good and the stepless regulation of the brake moment is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vehicle and use complemental brake system, be specifically related to a kind of permanent-magnet eddy current retarder based on the Halbach array.
Background technology
The retarder that uses on the vehicle at present both at home and abroad mainly contains Retarder and current vortex retarder, and wherein current vortex retarder generally is made up of the coil in stator, rotor, generation magnetic field and fixed support etc.
During current vortex retarder work; The solenoid energising produces magnetic field, and magnetic flux changes in the area that the inner numerous back traverse of the working face of rotor rotated cutting magnetic line is surrounded, thereby on the rotor peripheral face, produces Vorticose induced current; It is vortex flow; After vortex flow produced, electromagnetic field produced the resistance that stops the rotor rotation, i.e. braking force to charged rotor; Drag direction is judged by left hand rule; The circumferentially formation braking moment opposite of making a concerted effort along the rotor peripheral face of resistance with the rotor direction of rotation, the kinetic energy of vehicle finally finally is converted into heat energy through electromagnetic induction and resistance heating and distributes, and the size of braking moment can produce the magnetic field of varying strength through the electrical current of regulating solenoid and realize.
Than the current vortex retarder that relies on solenoid generation work magnetic field; Permanent-magnet eddy current retarder is to utilize permanent magnet generation work magnetic field; Thereby have that volume is little, in light weight, energy-conserving and environment-protective, advantages such as reliability is high, maintenance cost is low; Also carry out relevant test and application in recent years at home and abroad the vehicle, become the research focus.
The permanent magnet array of current permanent-magnet eddy current retarder generally adopts radial arrays to arrange, and is as shown in Figure 1, and the direction of arrow is represented magnetizing direction in the permanent magnet, and the fine rule on the inner and outer ring is represented magnetic line of force trend.But adopt the permanent-magnet eddy current retarder of radial arrays; Existing structure is that array one side is an installed surface basically, and opposite side is a working face, and the magnetic line of force generation eddy current that rotor can only cut permanent magnet one side magnetic field carries out braking work; Opposite side magnetic field is inoperative, so the permanent magnet utilance is low.
The Halbach array is a kind of novel magnet structure form, is proposed first by Halbach in 1980.This array is made up of rare earth permanent-magnetic material fully; Through the permanent magnet of different magnetizing directions is arranged according to certain rule; Can converge the magnetic line of force in a side of array, weaken the magnetic line of force, thereby obtain a kind of one-sided high-intensity magnetic field of unique properties at opposite side; As shown in Figure 2, arrow is represented the magnetizing direction of every permanent magnet.Halbach array magnetic field has following advantage: tangential magnetic field and radial magnetic field mutual superposition after (1) Halbach array decomposes make that the magnetic field intensity of its high-intensity magnetic field side is about 1.5 times of radial arrays magnetic field intensity of equal volume; (2) the Halbach array has self-shielding effect; (3) the strong side magnetic field of Halbach array is comparatively ideal Sine distribution; (4) the permanent magnet utilance is high, owing to the Halbach array divides to magnetized reason, causes its permanent magnet working point higher, is generally 0.9, has surpassed the utilance of radial arrays permanent magnet.
Based on above advantage, the Halbach array becomes a research focus both domestic and external, and its application at present focuses mostly at high-speed energy wheel, spindle drive motor and do not have rotor core motor etc.But, also do not see the related application of Halbach array as yet in vehicle eddy current braking field.
Summary of the invention
Can not be to permanent-magnet eddy current retarder through changing the step-less adjustment that magnetic field intensity realizes braking moment; And magnetic field of permanent magnet weak strength, the utilance of radial arrays are low; And the excellent properties of combination Halbach array, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of permanent-magnet eddy current retarder, by Halbach array permanent magnet ring generation work magnetic field based on the Halbach array; To strengthen permanent magnet active side magnetic field intensity; Weaken the non-working side magnetic field intensity, and utilize two-way leading screw to drive convergence or the separation fast vertically of two stators, realize the area that overlaps of stator inner cylinder face and rotor external cylindrical surface; Be the continuous adjusting of work area, thereby reach the purpose of braking moment step-less adjustment.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
The present invention includes left fixed head, right fixed head, power transmission shaft, rotor, servomotor, shaft coupling, motor fixing frame, two-way lead screw shaft, two feed screw nut, three straight line optical axises, two stators that structure is identical that rotation direction is opposite; Rotor by permeability magnetic material is processed is installed on the power transmission shaft through key; The two ends of power transmission shaft are passed through Bearing Installation respectively in the centre bore of left and right fixed head; The two ends of two-way lead screw shaft are respectively through in the hole of Bearing Installation above left and right fixed head centre bore; The two ends of three straight line optical axises respectively through nut be fixed on that left and right fixed head centre bore is forward and backward, in the hole of below; Two stators are formed by a Halbach array permanent magnet ring and a retainer; The external cylindrical surface of Halbach array permanent magnet ring is fixed in the centre bore of retainer, maintains radial clearance between the inner cylinder face of Halbach array permanent magnet ring and the external cylindrical surface of rotor; Be evenly equipped with four installing holes on the retainer, wherein go up installing hole and cooperate with two-way lead screw shaft through feed screw nut, its excess-three installing hole passes through linear bearing respectively and cooperates with separately straight line optical axis; Servomotor is installed in the left fixed head outside through motor fixing frame, and the servomotor output shaft is connected with two-way lead screw shaft through shaft coupling.
Described Halbach array permanent magnet ring is formed by connecting the fan-shaped permanent magnet blocks of segmentation; The magnetic pole logarithm of Halbach array permanent magnet ring is p; Each magnetic pole is made up of n section permanent magnet blocks again, and the magnetizing direction angle of the i section permanent magnet blocks of whole Halbach array permanent magnet ring is θ
i=(1+p) 360 ° (i-1)/(2pn), p>=2 wherein, n>=3, i=1,2,3 ..., 2pn.
Gap between the inner cylinder face of described Halbach array permanent magnet ring and the external cylindrical surface of rotor is 0.5～2mm.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1) be magnetic source with Halbach array permanent magnet ring, improved the working gas gap magnetic field intensity of permanent-magnet eddy current retarder, thereby realize bigger braking moment, and the magnet utilization ratio is high, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
2) adopt servomotor and lead screw pair to drive stator shaft orientation and move, transmission is easy to control, the stator accurate positioning, and work area is easy to adjust, thereby the braking moment adjusting is accurate, easy.In addition, drive single stator than unidirectional lead screw pair, reaching under the condition of identical work area, the response speed of two stators of two-way lead screw pair driving that the present invention adopts is fast again, is more suitable for the occasion in brake hard.
3) adopt linear bearing and straight line optical axis that stator is supported and lead, make stator move stable, smooth and easy, reliability is high, and makes the retarder radiating condition good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is radial arrays magnet ring and Distribution of Magnetic Field sketch map thereof.
Fig. 2 is Halbach array permanent magnet ring and Distribution of Magnetic Field sketch map thereof.
Fig. 3 is a Halbach array permanent magnet ring magnetizing direction of the present invention angle sketch map.
Fig. 4 is a general structure sketch map of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the generalized section of operating state of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the generalized section of non operating state of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1. servomotor, 2. shaft coupling, 3. motor fixing frame, 4,5. angular contact ball bearing, 6. two-way lead screw shaft; 7,12. left and right Halbach array permanent magnet rings, 8,11. left and right feed screw nuts, 9; 10. left and right retainer, 13. deep groove ball bearings, 14. power transmission shafts, 15. left fixed heads, 16. straight line optical axises; 17,19. left and right linear bearings, 18. rotors, 20. round nuts, 21. right fixed heads.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Like Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, the present invention includes opposite 8,11, three straight line optical axises of left and right feed screw nut of left fixed head 15, right fixed head 21, power transmission shaft 14, rotor 18, servomotor 1, shaft coupling 2, motor fixing frame 3, two-way lead screw shaft 6, rotation direction 16, two identical stators of structure.The rotor of processing by permeability magnetic material 18; Be installed on the power transmission shaft 14 through key; Rotor 18 1 ends lean on the shaft shoulder, and the other end is fixing with round nut 20, and the web between rotor hub and rotor outer ring is processed into the fans sheet; When rotor 18 rotated with power transmission shaft 14, the heat that will produce when the axial flow of generation will be braked was taken away.The two ends of power transmission shaft 14 are passed through Bearing Installation respectively in the centre bore of left and right fixed head 15,21.The left and right two halves section thread parameter of two-way lead screw shaft 6 is identical, and rotation direction is opposite, and two ends are respectively through in the hole of Bearing Installation above left and right fixed head 15,21 centre bores; The installation form of two-way lead screw shaft 6 is for fix-moving about type, and left end is installed on the left fixed head 15 through a pair of angular contact ball bearing 4,5, and right-hand member is installed on the right fixed head 21 through a deep groove ball bearing 13.The two ends of three straight line optical axises 16 respectively through nut be fixed on that left and right fixed head 15,21 centre bores are forward and backward, in the hole of below.Two stators are made up of left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 and left and right retainer 9,10 respectively; The external cylindrical surface of left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 is separately fixed in the centre bore of left and right retainer 9,10, and the inner cylinder face of left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 all and between the external cylindrical surface of rotor 18 maintains radial clearance; Be evenly equipped with four installing holes respectively on the left and right retainer 9,10; The last installing hole of wherein left retainer 9 cooperates with two-way lead screw shaft 6 through left and right feed screw nut 8,11 respectively with the last installing hole of right retainer 10, and left retainer 9 its excess-three installing hole and right retainer 10 its excess-three installing hole cooperate with separately straight line optical axis 16 through left and right linear bearing 17,19 respectively; Servomotor 1 is installed in left fixed head 15 outsides through motor fixing frame 3, and servomotor 1 output shaft is connected with two-way lead screw shaft 6 through shaft coupling 2.
Described left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 is formed by connecting by the identical fan-shaped permanent magnet blocks of hop count; The magnetic pole logarithm of each Halbach array permanent magnet ring is p; Each magnetic pole is made up of n section permanent magnet blocks again, and the magnetizing direction angle of the i section permanent magnet blocks of whole Halbach array permanent magnet ring is θ
i=(1+p) 360 ° (i-1)/(2pn), p>=2 wherein, n>=3, i=1,2,3 ..., 2pn.The magnetic pole logarithm of each Halbach permanent magnet array ring is 3 in this embodiment, and each magnetic pole is formed by connecting 4 sections permanent magnets, the i of whole Halbach array permanent magnet ring (i=1,2,3 ..., 24) section magnetizing direction be θ
i=(i-1) 60 °, θ wherein
1=0 °, θ
2=60 °, θ
3=120 °, θ
4=180 ° ..., as shown in Figure 3.
Radial clearance between the inner cylinder face of described left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 and the external cylindrical surface of rotor 18 is 0.5～2mm.
Working method of the present invention is:
When the permanent-magnet eddy current retarder of Halbach array is worked; Servomotor 1 rotation; Drive two-way lead screw shaft 6 rotations; Thereby drive the quick vertically convergence of two stators, when the inner cylinder face of left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 overlapped area with the external cylindrical surface of rotor 18, magnetic flux changed in the area that the inner numerous back traverse of the external cylindrical surface of rotor rotated 18 cutting magnetic lines is surrounded; Thereby on rotor 18 external cylindrical surfaces, produce Vorticose induced current, i.e. vortex flow.After vortex flow produces; The magnetic field of left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 produces the resistance that stops rotor 18 rotations to charged rotor; Be braking force; Drag direction is judged that by left hand rule resistance makes a concerted effort circumferentially to form and the opposite braking moment of rotor 18 direction of rotation along rotor 18 external cylindrical surfaces.When the inner cylinder face of left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 overlapped with the external cylindrical surface of rotor 18 fully, braking moment reached maximum, and the kinetic energy of vehicle finally finally is converted into heat energy through electromagnetic induction and resistance heating and distributes.
When Halbach array permanent magnetism eddy current retarder need not braked; Servomotor 1 counter-rotating; Drive two-way lead screw shaft 6 counter-rotatings, be separated to 18 two end face outsides of rotor fast, make the inner cylinder face of left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 and the external cylindrical surface of rotor 18 stagger each other thereby drive two stators; The magnetic field of left and right Halbach array permanent magnet ring 7,12 can't be to rotor 18 generation effects; Can not produce vortex flow on rotor 18 external cylindrical surfaces, thereby can't produce braking moment, finally remove vehicle braked.
Claims (3)
1. the permanent-magnet eddy current retarder based on the Halbach array is characterized in that: comprise left fixed head (15), right fixed head (21), power transmission shaft (14), rotor (18), servomotor (1), shaft coupling (2), motor fixing frame (3), two-way lead screw shaft (6), two feed screw nut, three straight line optical axises, two stators that structure is identical that rotation direction is opposite; Rotor (18) by permeability magnetic material is processed is installed on the power transmission shaft (14) through key, and the two ends of power transmission shaft (14) are passed through Bearing Installation respectively in the centre bore of left and right fixed head (15,21); The two ends of two-way lead screw shaft (6) are passed through Bearing Installation respectively in the hole of left and right fixed head (15,21) centre bore top; The two ends of three straight line optical axises respectively through nut be fixed on that left and right fixed head (15,21) centre bore is forward and backward, in the hole of below; Two stators are formed by a Halbach array permanent magnet ring and a retainer; The external cylindrical surface of Halbach array permanent magnet ring is fixed in the centre bore of retainer, maintains radial clearance between the external cylindrical surface of the inner cylinder face of Halbach array permanent magnet ring and rotor (18); Be evenly equipped with four installing holes on the retainer, wherein go up installing hole and cooperate with two-way lead screw shaft (6) through feed screw nut, its excess-three installing hole passes through linear bearing respectively and cooperates with separately straight line optical axis; Servomotor (1) is installed in left fixed head (15) outside through motor fixing frame (3), and servomotor (1) output shaft is connected with two-way lead screw shaft (6) through shaft coupling (2).
2. a kind of permanent-magnet eddy current retarder as claimed in claim 1 based on the Halbach array; It is characterized in that: described Halbach array permanent magnet ring is formed by connecting the fan-shaped permanent magnet blocks of segmentation; The magnetic pole logarithm of Halbach array permanent magnet ring is p; Each magnetic pole is made up of n section permanent magnet blocks again, and the magnetizing direction angle of the i section permanent magnet blocks of whole Halbach array permanent magnet ring is θ
i=(1+p) 360 ° (i-1)/(2pn), p>=2 wherein, n>=3, i=1,2,3 ..., 2pn.
3. a kind of permanent-magnet eddy current retarder based on the Halbach array as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the radial clearance between the external cylindrical surface of the inner cylinder face of described Halbach array permanent magnet ring and rotor (18) is 0.5～2mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104374170A CN102497085A (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2011-12-23 | Permanent-magnet eddy current retarder based on Halbach array |
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| CN2011104374170A CN102497085A (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2011-12-23 | Permanent-magnet eddy current retarder based on Halbach array |
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| CN102497085A true CN102497085A (en) | 2012-06-13 |
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| CN2011104374170A Pending CN102497085A (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2011-12-23 | Permanent-magnet eddy current retarder based on Halbach array |
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| CN104767357A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-07-08 | 江苏磁谷科技股份有限公司 | Winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device |
| CN105490503A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2016-04-13 | 江苏磁谷科技股份有限公司 | Winding type permanent magnet clutch |
| WO2016089226A1 (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-09 | Eddy Current Limited Partnership | Methods of altering eddy current interactions |
| CN106160404A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-11-23 | 李启飞 | T511/3 tandem type ball-screw electric speed regulation cartridge type magnetic coupling |
| CN106411101A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-02-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Linear permanent magnetic eddy current brake system |
| CN106712417A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-05-24 | 迈格钠磁动力股份有限公司 | Vehicular disk-type permanent magnet eddy current retarder |
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Application publication date: 20120613 |