US20200248426A1 - Retaining Wall with Reinforced Soil - Google Patents

Retaining Wall with Reinforced Soil Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200248426A1
US20200248426A1 US16/481,941 US201716481941A US2020248426A1 US 20200248426 A1 US20200248426 A1 US 20200248426A1 US 201716481941 A US201716481941 A US 201716481941A US 2020248426 A1 US2020248426 A1 US 2020248426A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
facing element
embankments
reinforced soil
grid
excavation faces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US16/481,941
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Donatella Palma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Geoflum Engineering Srl
Original Assignee
Geoflum Engineering Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Geoflum Engineering Srl filed Critical Geoflum Engineering Srl
Assigned to GEOFLUM ENGINEERING S.R.L. reassignment GEOFLUM ENGINEERING S.R.L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PALMA, Donatella
Publication of US20200248426A1 publication Critical patent/US20200248426A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
    • E01F8/02—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise
    • E01F8/027—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise with external support, e.g. wall facing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
    • E02D2200/13—Geometrical or physical properties having at least a mesh portion
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0084—Geogrids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
    • E02D2600/20—Miscellaneous comprising details of connection between elements

Definitions

  • the invention is applicable in the field of retaining structures, known as “reinforced soil”, and, more specifically, it refers to a structure for reinforcing slope, embankments and excavation faces, made up of a facing element that is made of a natural and biodegradable material, and a reinforcement element placed in horizontal layers, consisting of a double twisted wire mesh and/or a synthetic geogrid, possibly combined with an anti-erosion component.
  • the reinforced soil is an engineering solution which allows to combine the soil features with those of the reinforcing elements so obtaining a composite structure capable of resisting to tensile stress so expanding the scope of earthworks. Reinforced soil structures and their applications currently represent a key point in the field of the geotechnical engineering because they make it possible to reinforce the soil structure while respecting the natural and environmental aspects of the sites.
  • Reinforced soil structure applies to several areas, as for example road and railway infrastructures, soil protection, mitigation of the hydrogeological instability, hydraulic constructions, river works or rockfall protection works, bridge abutments retaining walls, green elements for street furniture and industrial complexes, noise barriers.
  • Reinforced soil walls or embankments bring wider benefits than the traditional gravity retaining walls or reinforced concrete retaining walls, mainly because they imply a simple technique which does not need any specialised equipment or staff. For doing this works it is in fact only necessary to use an excavator, a compactor and little skilled labour. It is furthermore possible to easily construct very high retaining works able to take significant deformations before reaching their serviceability limit state, so needing no deep foundations and so being particularly suitable for stabilizing landslides. If compared to the rigid concrete structures, they can better bear earthquakes, dynamic traffic loads and impacting loads on them.
  • reinforced soil instead of a traditional reinforced concrete wall has a lower environmental impact, especially in consideration of the green grass growing on the front side, and makes it possible to use filling material collected right there as a result of excavation, so considerably reducing the construction costs.
  • reinforced soil structures are made of three elements:
  • the principal aim of the present invention is to provide a reinforced soil structure, embankments and excavation faces comprising a facing element made of a biodegradable and natural origin material in order to avoid the risk of soil and groundwater pollution deriving from the steel degradation and corrosion (the systems currently in use include in fact facing elements, connecting parts and stiffening elements made of iron).
  • Another aim of the present invention is to provide a structure for reinforced soil and excavation faces comprising a facing element, made of natural and biodegradable material, which can preserve the initial shape of the work even after the facing element progressive biodegradation.
  • a further aim of the invention is to provide a structure for reinforced soil and excavation faces which can be quickly sited and laid and which can be done by unskilled staff.
  • FIG. 1 an axonometric view of the facing element provided for in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 an axonometric view of a first embodiment of a retaining structure including a facing element provided for in the present invention
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the facing element referenced in the present invention in a first embodiment.
  • the facing element is made of natural origin and biodegradable material. More specifically, said material may be a composite, biological or natural origin material, or, alternatively, synthetic material or a biopolymer.
  • the facing element 1 is therefore biodegradable and the material which it is made of can also render it suitably rigid, so that the proper shape of the external face of the work is assuredly preserved. If the facing element 1 is made of a natural biological material, the latter is a unique natural origin element naturally occurring in the form used, for example wood.
  • the natural origin material is made of a synthetic one deriving from natural elements, it is a biopolymer.
  • a biopolymer shall be understood as a synthetic material, in most cases biodegradable and non-toxic, obtained from renewable natural sources, either produced from biological systems (plants, animals, microorganisms) or chemically synthesized from molecules of biological origin (sugars, starch, oils, fats).
  • the biopolymer making the facing element 1 is polylactic acid 100 percent genuine (PLA) or, alternatively, bonded with other natural elements.
  • the natural origin material is a composite one
  • the latter shall be understood as any material variously obtained by combining in different percentages elements of natural origin (synthesized and non-synthesized) with other elements which improve the properties of said materials.
  • the material of the facing element 1 may be a fibre composite material containing cellulose, as for example WPC wood, or a composite PLA, made of PLA bonded with other elements in different percentages.
  • the facing element 1 in a first embodiment it is made of a rectangular grid 2 , having for example a 2 metres frontal width, so that it can be easily shaped into a curved frame, whereas the commonly known facing elements usually have a 3 to 4 metres width.
  • the grid 2 may have a thickened square shape or an oval shape, like a river stone.
  • the facing element 1 includes a secondary grid 3 —generally smaller in size than the grid 2 —hinged to the grid 2 in correspondence of its side 21 .
  • Grids 2 and 3 are reciprocally hinged by means of binding elements 4 made of a suitably resistant string or natural fibre cord, or other equivalent means, as for example a series of rings, suitable for fastening the grid 2 to the grid 3 in correspondence of the side 21 and for allowing both grids to freely rotate around the axis defined by side 21 .
  • a different embodiment includes the use of clatches between grids 2 and 3 .
  • Another embodiment involves the use of tightening brackets 5 to be interposed between grid 2 and 3 .
  • the tightening brackets 5 make it possible to rapidly set and keep the designed inclination of the work planned for the facing element.
  • the tightening brackets 5 have a triangular section and are made of the same natural—composite or biological—material of the facing element 1 , namely of the grids 2 and 3 .
  • the tightening brackets 5 are fastened to the grid 2 through suitable means 6 , for example rings, binding elements or clips, and they are secured to the soil and/or to the secondary grid 3 by means of stakes 7 .
  • spacer devices are included as an alternative to the tightening brackets 5 , said spacers having a length suitable for rapidly setting and keeping the designed inclination of the facing element.
  • the facing element 1 does not include any steel parts, generally used in the known facing elements, because the facing element 1 , any tightening brackets 5 (or any struts), the linking elements 4 , the fastening means 6 and the stakes 7 are all made of biodegradable material. Furthermore, considering that the facing element is a formwork to be only used for shaping the work and not having any structural purpose, it is actually not necessary to aim at a higher resistance deriving from the use of a metallic material; lower resistance materials are therefore fittingly used as long as they are suitably rigid in order to keep the soil during the spreading and compaction phases and to help to hold the front anti-erosion element up to when vegetation grows up. From that moment onwards, the facing element no longer has any purpose.
  • the reinforcing structure will keep its initial shape, which will be overtime ensured by the structural reinforcements.
  • the facing element provided for in the present invention and removable formwork soil reinforcement techniques, the latter involve the use of the formwork only during the construction operations in order to shape the work and it is then rapidly removed before constructing the upper reinforcing layer. This happens because the same formwork is used more than once and the use of iron is avoided.
  • This technique is much slower than the one using a non-removable welded steel mesh formwork in terms of the extent of work surface done in a day and it also needs at least two types of highly specialised staff: the material positioner and the excavator operator, who carefully removes the formwork trying to avoid deforming or damaging the structure.
  • This technique has been almost completely abandoned in recent years because of its expensive labour requirements and it has been replaced by the technique using a non-removable welded steel mesh formwork, which involves the additional cost of the steel but also a strong labour reduction and which nonetheless has the pollution related disadvantages as above indicated. Therefore, the use of a facing element 1 made of natural, composite, synthetic or biological material firstly does not generate the soil pollution, it has reduced construction times and it does not need any highly specialised staff.
  • the grid 2 and the secondary grid 3 as shown in FIG. 1 , have standard size square meshes.
  • a facing element 1 including grids 2 and 3 having thickened meshes so that it is not necessary to use an anti-erosion bionet or mat combined with the facing element 1 . Costs are this way reduced and since it is less necessary to use metallic clips in order to join the various elements, corrosion and the release of pollutants into soil are restricted.
  • a structure 100 for reinforced soil and excavation faces includes a facing element 101 , an anti-erosion net 102 and a reinforcing element 103 , the latter being alternatively made of a double twisted wire mesh or a geo-synthetic net.
  • the facing element 101 , the anti-erosion net 102 (if any) and the reinforcing net can be positioned as it follows: facing element—anti-erosion net—reinforcing net or, rather, reinforcing net—facing element—anti-erosion net, or in any different sequence. All will depend on the landscape visual requirements as chosen by the work designer, but it will change nothing in terms of reducing soil pollution.
  • the structure 100 for soil reinforcement made as described above, may be found in a pre-assembled condition so as to facilitate the installation operations by unskilled staff and the folding lines are made in order to help transporting and unfolding said structure in the construction site.
  • the invention here provided for it is possible to overcome the difficulties deriving from the currently known pre-assembled elements having a fixed height, which means a variation in the height of the reinforced soil layer according to the change of the external facing element inclination, since the facing element is in a standard size welded steel mesh.
  • the facing element in natural biodegradable material as here proposed may be differently sized.
  • each facing element 100 having a standard width, is assembled to the reinforcing element 103 , having a greater width or at least a lateral extension 104 , the latter being as wide as the length of 1 or 2 meshes (for a double twisted wire mesh) or at least 10 to 15 centimetres wide (for a geogrid). It is so possible to join distinct structures by simply overlapping two adjacent elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
US16/481,941 2017-01-31 2017-12-12 Retaining Wall with Reinforced Soil Pending US20200248426A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102016000127800 2017-01-31
IT102016000127800A IT201600127800A1 (it) 2017-01-31 2017-01-31 Paramento per strutture di rinforzo per terreni, rilevati e fronti di scavo.
PCT/IT2017/050004 WO2018142433A1 (fr) 2017-01-31 2017-12-12 Mur de soutènement à terre armée

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20200248426A1 true US20200248426A1 (en) 2020-08-06

Family

ID=58609784

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/481,941 Pending US20200248426A1 (en) 2017-01-31 2017-12-12 Retaining Wall with Reinforced Soil

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20200248426A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3577280A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110234813A (fr)
IT (1) IT201600127800A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018142433A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11071256B2 (en) 2017-04-17 2021-07-27 Grostructures Llc Earth wall having a pocket structure for receiving vegetation
IT202200003050A1 (it) * 2022-02-18 2023-08-18 Maccaferri Off Spa Elemento di rinforzo per la realizzazione di strutture di rivestimento, contenimento ed armatura di terreni, in particolare per la realizzazione di muri di sostegno

Citations (8)

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EP0480890A1 (fr) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-15 COMES S.p.A. Mur à planter en terre armé et son procédé de fabrication
US6296422B1 (en) * 1997-02-25 2001-10-02 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures, particularly for forming retaining walls
US6341922B1 (en) * 1997-10-20 2002-01-29 Felix P. Jaecklin Cellular construction, in particular supporting or sound insulating construction capable of being greened, and process for producing the same
GB2364729A (en) * 2000-07-13 2002-02-06 Tinsley Wire Ltd Embankment support means
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EP0480890A1 (fr) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-15 COMES S.p.A. Mur à planter en terre armé et son procédé de fabrication
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GB2364729A (en) * 2000-07-13 2002-02-06 Tinsley Wire Ltd Embankment support means
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110234813A (zh) 2019-09-13
EP3577280A1 (fr) 2019-12-11
WO2018142433A1 (fr) 2018-08-09
IT201600127800A1 (it) 2018-07-31

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