US20200229471A1 - Carbonated drink comprising omega, vitamins and minerals - Google Patents
Carbonated drink comprising omega, vitamins and minerals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20200229471A1 US20200229471A1 US16/839,315 US202016839315A US2020229471A1 US 20200229471 A1 US20200229471 A1 US 20200229471A1 US 202016839315 A US202016839315 A US 202016839315A US 2020229471 A1 US2020229471 A1 US 2020229471A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ppb
- omega
- beverage
- acid
- carbonated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 235000014171 carbonated beverage Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 258
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 title claims description 20
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 235000021315 omega 9 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021311 artificial sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021096 natural sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 135
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 76
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 24
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 24
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCC(O)=O MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 48
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 47
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 47
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 44
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 39
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 34
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- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 235000021294 Docosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 24
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 19
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 229940114079 arachidonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 13
- -1 omega 3 Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- KXVFBCSUGDNXQF-DZDBOGACSA-N (2z,4z,6z,8z,10z)-tetracosa-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C/C=C\C=C/C=C\C=C/C(O)=O KXVFBCSUGDNXQF-DZDBOGACSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N trans-lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 7
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 235000021298 Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N coenzyme Q10 Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- OPGOLNDOMSBSCW-CLNHMMGSSA-N Fursultiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CCOC1CSSC(\CCO)=C(/C)N(C=O)CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N OPGOLNDOMSBSCW-CLNHMMGSSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
- A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to carbonated beverages containing one or more unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega 3, omega 6, and/or omega 9 polyunsaturated fatty acids), and methods of preparation and use thereof.
- unsaturated fatty acids e.g., omega 3, omega 6, and/or omega 9 polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Omegas can be dissolved in normal non-carbonated beverages (drinks) with varying degrees of good stability and shelf life.
- omegas when put into a carbonated drink have significant time limited taste and short shelf life issues.
- time limited taste it is meant that over time the taste changes and becomes unsatisfactory for the taster.
- short shelf life it is mean that in certain cases the carbonated drink product may not survive 48 hours after production.
- Carbonated drink products like Coke, Pepsi and Dr. Pepper desire taste and shelf life of 3 months or greater.
- the present invention is directed to a carbonated drink comprising omega, wherein the carbonated drink is contained within a sealed container, wherein the carbonated drink within the container comprises oxygen, wherein the oxygen level within the sealed container is less than 500 parts per billion (ppb). In some embodiments, the oxygen level is less than 250 ppb. In some embodiments, the oxygen level is less than 100 ppb.
- the omega is selected from the group consisting of omega 3, omega 6, and omega 9.
- the carbonated drinks are characterized by their shelf life. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink has a shelf life of greater than 48 hours. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink has a shelf life of 4 months or more.
- the carbonated drink is a cola drink. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink is a soda drink. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink is clear. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink is colored.
- the carbonated drink further comprises a vitamin. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin A. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin B. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin C. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin D. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin E.
- the carbonated drink can also include other ingredients such as antioxidants and minerals.
- the carbonated drink further comprises lipoic acid.
- the carbonated drink further comprises lutein.
- the carbonated drink further comprises Zeaxanthin.
- the carbonated drink further comprises CoQ10.
- the carbonated drink further comprises zinc.
- the present invention is directed to a beverage comprising one or more unsaturated fatty acids, wherein the beverage is a carbonated beverage characterized by having an oxygen level below 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb to 100 ppb or 0 ppb to 20 ppb).
- the beverage is provided in a sealed container (e.g., a sealed aluminum bottle).
- the beverage is provided in a sealed container having a transmission of UV light of less than 20%.
- the beverage is characterized by having a shelf life of at least two weeks (e.g., about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) at room temperature.
- a shelf life of at least two weeks e.g., about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values
- the one or more unsaturated fatty acids can be an omega 3 fatty acid, an omega 6 fatty acid, and/or an omega 9 fatty acid.
- the one or more unsaturated fatty acids comprises at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).
- the PUFA can be hexadecatrienoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, heneicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6), tetracosatetraenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, me
- the PUFA can be eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6), and alpha-linolenic acid.
- the PUFA can be EPA, ALA, DHA, or any combination thereof.
- the beverage contains one or more PUFAs in an amount of 0.1% to 25% by weight.
- the PUFA(s) is in a natural or an encapsulated form.
- the beverage of the present invention can include additional ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, metal chelating agents, preservatives, and surfactants. Suitable additional ingredients and amounts are described herein.
- the beverage contains one or more minerals.
- the beverage has a concentration of non-chelated iron of 0 mg/L-0.3 mg/L; a concentration of copper of 0 mg/L-1.0 mg/L; a concentration of aluminum of 0 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L; a concentration of manganese of 0 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L; a concentration of silver of 0 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L; and/or a concentration of zinc of 0 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L.
- the beverage includes one or more flavoring agents in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight.
- the beverage includes one or more antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids) in an amount of 0.1% to 15% by weight.
- the beverage includes one or more preservatives in an amount of 0 to 1% by weight.
- the beverage includes a metal chelating agent (e.g., EDTA).
- the beverage includes a sweetener (e.g., fructose).
- the beverage includes caffeine.
- the beverage includes a vitamin, a mineral, or a combination thereof.
- the invention is related to a method of producing the beverage described herein.
- the method is directed to producing a beverage comprising a beverage base and one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- the method comprising:
- membrane contractor(s) is used for removing dissolved oxygen from the beverage base, beverage component, and/or the mixture of beverage base and component.
- the method further comprises removing dissolved oxygen from the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component by vacuum.
- the method further comprises purging the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component by inert gas (e.g., N2) and/or purging the beverage with inert gas before sealing the mixed beverage base and component in the container.
- inert gas e.g., N2
- the present invention also provides a method of supplementing dietary to a subject (e.g., a human).
- the method comprises administering the subject a carbonated beverage (e.g., as described herein).
- one to five servings of the carbonated beverage are administered daily.
- the carbonated beverage comprises EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof.
- the present invention also provides a method of lowering triglyceride in a subject (e.g., a human) in need thereof.
- the method comprises administering the subject a carbonated beverage (e.g., as described herein).
- one to five servings of the carbonated beverage are administered daily.
- the carbonated beverage comprises EPA.
- the carbonated beverage comprises EPA, DHA, or a combination thereof.
- the term “about” is understood as within a range of normal tolerance in the art, for example, within 20% of the stated value, for example, “about 20” includes 16 to 24, and “about 20%” includes 16% to 24% (not 0% to 40%).
- “about” a specific value also includes the specific value, for example, about 10% includes 10%.
- beverage or drink of the present invention can be a non-alcoholic drink, for example, a soda, a cola, etc.
- omega fatty acids refers generally to omega fatty acids, which include for example, omega 3, omega 6, and omega 9 fatty acids.
- Useful omega fatty acids include any of those known in the art.
- the omega fatty acids e.g., omega 3, omega 6, and/or omega 9 fatty acids
- the omega fatty acids are used in the form of triglycerides.
- the omega fatty acids are used in the form of ethyl esters.
- omega-3 refers to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, which are methylene interrupted polyenes, which have two or more cis double bonds, separated by a single methylene group and in which the first double bond appears at the third carbon from the last carbon.
- omega-3 fatty acids are described herein.
- omega-6 refers to omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids, which are methylene interrupted polyenes, which have two or more cis double bonds, separated by a single methylene group and in which the first double bond appears at the sixth carbon from the last carbon.
- omega-6 fatty acids are described herein.
- omega 9 refers to omega-9 (n-9) fatty acids, which can be mono or polyunsaturated, with the first double bond appears at the ninth carbon from the last carbon.
- Non-limiting useful omega 9 fatty acids are described herein.
- the term “Polyunsaturated fatty acid” and “PUFA” are used synonymously to refer to fatty acids that contain more than one carbon-carbon double bond in the carbon chain of the fatty acid.
- Nonlimiting useful PUFAs are described herein.
- the PUFAs can be used in the form of fatty acids or salts thereof (e.g., free carboxylic acids or sodium salts thereof), esters (e.g., a methyl ester, an ethyl ester, etc.), and/or glycerides (e.g., a triglyceride, a diglyceride, or a monoglyceride).
- the PUFAs are used in the form of triglycerides.
- the PUFAs are used in the form of ethyl esters.
- the terms “soda drink”, “carbonated drink”, and “carbonated beverage” refer to beverages into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved.
- shelf-stability or “shelf stable” is understood as a character of or to characterize a beverage or a component in the beverage (e.g., omega 3, omega 6, omega 9 fatty acids) that is substantially unchanged upon storing at room temperature. Methods for determining such shelf-stability are known, for example, as described in the Examples section herein.
- shelf stability of the beverage is determined by real time testing.
- shelf stability of the beverage is determined by accelerated shelf life testing.
- the “shelf life” of the beverage is expressed as the shelf stability of the beverage at room temperature. For example, a beverage has a shelf life of 12 months means that the beverage remains stable for 12 months at room temperature. In other words, the beverage has a shelf stability of 12 months at room temperature as determined in either of the real time or accelerated shelf life testing.
- Oxygen removal is used to speed up the filling process, increases the ability to carbonate, increase shelf life, and reduce carbonating costs. These processes do not remove enough oxygen to ensure natural nutritional supplement ingredients do not react with oxygen and promote rancidity.
- the oils and flavorings currently used in beverages are very shelf stable compared to ingredients sourced from nature that quickly react with oxygen and spoil.
- the invention discloses a carbonated drink comprising omega and the process for making such a drink.
- the carbonated drink comprises omega, wherein the carbonated drink is contained within a sealed container, wherein the carbonated drink within the container comprises oxygen, wherein the oxygen level within the sealed container is less than 500 ppb.
- the carbonated drink comprising omega can have a taste and shelf life greater than 48 hours and with the use of one or more production processes disclosed below can have a taste and shelf life of 4 months or greater when not opened.
- the carbonated drink comprising omega can be colored or clear.
- the carbonated drink comprising omega can be a soda or a cola.
- the carbonated drink can further comprise a vitamin and/or mineral.
- the vitamins can be one or more of Vitamin A, B, C, D, or E.
- the carbonate drink can further comprise one or more of: lipoic acid, lutein, Zeaxanthin, CoQ1O.
- the invention is directed to a beverage comprising one or more unsaturated fatty acids, wherein the beverage is a carbonated beverage characterized by having an oxygen level below 500 ppb.
- the carbonated beverage can have a concentration of CO 2 of about 1 g-about 8 g (e.g., about 1 g, about 1.5 g, about 2 g, about 2.5 g, about 3 g, about 3.5 g, about 4 g, about 4.5 g, about 5 g, about 5.5 g, about 6 g, about 6.5 g, about 7 g, about 7.5 g, about 8 g, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) C0 2 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage.
- a concentration of CO 2 of about 1 g-about 8 g (e.g., about 1 g, about 1.5 g, about 2 g, about 2.5 g, about 3 g, about 3.5 g, about 4 g, about 4.5 g, about 5 g, about 5.5 g, about 6 g, about 6.5 g, about 7 g, about 7.5 g, about 8 g, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) C0 2 per kilogram
- the carbonated beverage has a concentration of CO 2 of about 1 g-about 5.5 g, or about 3.5 g-about 4.5 g C0 2 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage has a concentration of C0 2 of more than 5.5 g (e.g., about 6 g, about 6.5 g, about 7 g, about 7.5 g, about 8 g, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) CO 2 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage.
- the carbonated beverage can have a concentration of CO 2 of about 1 g-about 8 g (e.g., about 5 g-about 8 g, about 5 g-about 7 g C0 2 , about 5 g-about 6 g, about 6 g-about 8 g, about 6 g-about 7 g, or about 7 g to 8 g) per kilogram of the carbonated beverage.
- concentration of CO 2 of about 1 g-about 8 g (e.g., about 5 g-about 8 g, about 5 g-about 7 g C0 2 , about 5 g-about 6 g, about 6 g-about 8 g, about 6 g-about 7 g, or about 7 g to 8 g) per kilogram of the carbonated beverage.
- the pH of the carbonated beverage can be in the range of 1 to 7 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the pH of the carbonated beverage is in the range of 0.05 to 5 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the pH of the carbonated beverage is about 2 to about 4.5, similar to the commercially available carbonated drinks such as Coke, Sprite, Mountain Dew, Dr. Pepper, Pepsi, Root beer, etc.
- the carbonated beverage described herein can be provided in various sealed containers (e.g., sealed bottles) in various sizes before first use/consumption.
- the sealed containers e.g., sealed bottles
- the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed metal bottle (e.g., a sealed aluminum bottle), a sealed glass bottle, or a sealed plastic (e.g., optionally coated plastic bottles, e.g., high density polyethylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, polypropylene) bottle.
- the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed aluminum bottle.
- the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed glass bottle.
- the carbonated beverage can be provided in a sealed bottle of 2 oz to 4 liters capacity.
- the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed bottle of 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz capacity.
- the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed bottle of 1 liter, 1.5 liters, 2 liters, or 4 liters capacity.
- one serving e.g., 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz
- a sealed bottle In any of the embodiments described herein, multiple servings of the carbonated beverage can also be provided in a sealed bottle, wherein each serving is of 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz.
- bottles includes all containers that regularly used in the beverage industry for finished products, such as a can.
- the bottles for the carbonated beverage can have various designs (e.g., various shapes and colors etc.), which are known to those skilled in the art.
- the carbonated beverages of the present invention can contain one or more unsaturated fatty acids.
- Useful unsaturated fatty acids include any of those known in the art, for example, those known to be of nutritional value or otherwise edible.
- the one or more unsaturated fatty acids are selected from omega 3 fatty acids, omega 6 fatty acids, and/or omega 9 fatty acids.
- Non-limiting useful omega 3 fatty acids include Hexadecatrienoic acid; Alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3.omega.3); Stearidonic acid (18:4.omega.3); Eicosatrienoic acid; Eicosatetraenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5.omega.3); Heneicosapentaenoic acid; Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6.omega.3); Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, Clupanodonic acid) (22:5.omega.3); Tetracosapentaenoic acid; and nisinic acid (24:6.omega.3).
- ALA Alpha-Linolenic acid
- Non-limiting useful omega 6 fatty acids include Linoleic acid (18:2.omega.6); Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) (18:3.omega.6); Dihomo gamma linolenic acid (DGLA) (20:3.omega.6); Eicosadienoic acid (20:2.omega.6); Arachidonic acid (AA) (20:4.omega.6); Docosadienoic acid (22:2.omega.6); Adrenic acid (22:4.omega.6); and Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5.omega.6); Tetracosatetraenoic acid; and Tetracosapentaenoic acid.
- Non-limiting useful omega 9 fatty acids include oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, mead acid, erucic acid, and nervonic acid.
- the one or more unsaturated fatty acids include at least one PUFA.
- Nonlimiting useful PUFAs include hexadecatrienoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, heneicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6), tetracosatetraen
- the PUFA can be a conjugated fatty acid.
- Nonlimiting useful conjugated fatty acid include Rumenic acid, ⁇ -Calendic acid, ⁇ -Calendic acid, Jacaric acid, ⁇ -Eleostearic acid, ⁇ -Eleostearic acid, Catalpic acid, Punicic acid, Rumelenic acid, ⁇ -Parinaric acid, ⁇ -Parinaric acid, Pinolenic acid, Podocarpic acid, and Bosseopentaenoic acid.
- the carbonated beverage comprises at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid selected from the group consisting of hexadecatrienoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, heneicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6), tetracosatetraenoic acid
- carbonated beverage comprises at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid selected from the group consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid.
- the carbonated beverage comprises eicosapentaenoic acid.
- the carbonated beverage comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
- the carbonated beverage comprises both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
- the carbonated beverage comprises eicosapentaenoic acid as substantially the only PUFA (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid is of more than 90%, more than 95%, or more than 99% by weight of total PUFAs in the carbonated beverage).
- the carbonated beverage comprises docosahexaenoic acid as substantially the only PUFA (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid is of more than 90%, more than 95%, or more than 99% by weight of total PUFAs in the carbonated beverage).
- the carbonated beverage comprises eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as substantially the only PUFAs (e.g., the combination of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is of more than 90%, more than 95%, or more than 99% by weight of total PUFAs in the carbonated beverage).
- the omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs can be obtained from any known sources, for example, plant oils (e.g., walnut, edible seeds, clary sage seed oil, algal oil, flaxseed oil, Sacha Inchi oil, Echium oil, and hemp oil), fish oils, egg oil, squid oils, krill oils, etc.
- plant oils e.g., walnut, edible seeds, clary sage seed oil, algal oil, flaxseed oil, Sacha Inchi oil, Echium oil, and hemp oil
- fish oils e.g., a seed oil, algal oil, flaxseed oil, Sacha Inchi oil, Echium oil, and hemp oil
- fish oils egg oil
- squid oils krill oils
- krill oils etc.
- microalgae oils are an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA (see e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.
- oils derived from microalgae are the oils disclosed in, and oils made according to the methods described in, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,397,591, 5,407,957, 5,492,938 and 5,711,983 and U.S. Publication number 2007/0166411, including DHASCO® and DHASCO-S® (Martek Biosciences Corporation).
- unsaturated fatty acids can be used in the form of fatty acids or salts thereof (e.g., free carboxylic acids or sodium salts thereof), esters (e.g., a methyl ester, an ethyl ester, etc.), and/or glycerides (e.g., a triglyceride, a diglyceride, or a monoglyceride).
- omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs in the form of triglycerides are used.
- omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs in the form of ethyl esters are used.
- omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs in substantially one form are used, e.g., as triglycerides, esters, or fatty acids or salts thereof. In some embodiments, omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs are used in a combination of two or more forms.
- Unsaturated fatty acids e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs
- omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs in an edible oil e.g., plant oil, fish oil, krill oil, egg oil, or squid oil
- the omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs can have a purity such that they constitute an amount of, for example, about 5% to 60% by weight of the oil.
- omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs can be used in a high purity grade, such as more than 90%, more than 95%, or more than 99%.
- the omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs are purified or isolated from their respective sources with or without transforming into an ester (e.g., ethyl ester) of the fatty acids.
- the unsaturated fatty acids e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs
- the unsaturated fatty acids can also be used in an non-encapsulated form, for example, as in their respective natural forms.
- the unsaturated fatty acids e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs
- the carbonated beverage described herein can be mixed in the carbonated beverage described herein to form a clear beverage, which does not appear cloudy by empirical observation (e.g., to the naked eye) and/or does not contain particles or crystals that are visible to the naked eye, or that does not exhibit “ringing.”
- Other methods for determine clarity of a beverage are known in the art.
- Methods of preparing a clear aqueous composition having PUFAs are also known in the art.
- the carbonated beverage includes unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs), wherein the unsaturated fatty acids are in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% (e.g., about 0.1% to about 20%, about 0.1% to about 15% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 8%, about 0.1% to about 6%, about 0.1% to about 4%, about 0.1% to about 2%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 1% to about 25%, about 1% to about 20%), about 1% to about 15% by weight, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 8%), about 1%) to about 6%, about 1% to about 4%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 25%o, about 2% to about 20%, about 2% to about 15% by weight, about 2% to about 10%,
- the unsaturated fatty acids are in an amount of about 0.1%, about 1%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%), or about 25% by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more PUFAs selected from eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid, wherein the one or more PUFAs are in an amount of about 0.1%, about 1%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%), about 15%), about 20%, about 25%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values, by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- the one or more PUFAs are eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and/or docosahexaenoic acid.
- each serving of the carbonated beverage includes about 1 mg to about 5 gram (e.g., about 10 mg, about 100 mg, about 200 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 500 mg, about 1 gram, about 2 grams, about 3 grams, about 4 grams, about 5 grams, or any ranges between the recited values) of the unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs).
- unsaturated fatty acids e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more PUFAs selected from eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid, wherein the one or more PUFAs are in an amount of about 1 mg to about 5 gram (e.g., about 10 mg, about 100 mg, about 200 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 500 mg, about 1 gram, about 2 grams, about 3 grams, about 4 grams, about 5 grams, or any ranges between the recited values) per each serving of the carbonated beverage (e.g., 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz).
- the one or more PUFAs selected from e
- the carbonated beverage of the present invention is characterized by having a low oxygen level.
- the carbonated beverage e.g., before bottling and capping, or after bottling and capping
- can have an oxygen level of below 500 ppb e.g., below 450 ppb, below 400 ppb, below 350 ppb, below 300 ppb, below 250 ppb, below 200 ppb, below 150 ppb, below 100 ppb, below 50 ppb, below 25 ppb, below 20 ppb, below 15 ppb, or below 10 ppb).
- the carbonated beverage (e.g., before bottling and capping, or after bottling and capping) can also have an oxygen level of between 0 ppb and about 500 ppb (e.g., between 0 ppb and about 450 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 400 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 350 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 300 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 250 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 200 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 150 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 100 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 50 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 20 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 25 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 15 ppb or between 0 ppb and about 10 ppb).
- 500 ppb e.g., between 0 ppb and about 450 ppb, between 0 ppb
- the carbonated beverage (e.g., before bottling and capping, or after bottling and capping) can also have an oxygen level of 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values.
- the oxygen level is 0 ppb
- the oxygen level is below detection limit of an oxygen measuring device that can detect a level of oxygen at 1 ppb.
- the carbonated beverage is in a sealed environment, i.e., there is substantial no exchange of matter (e.g., O2, water, etc.) between the internal carbonated beverage and the external environment.
- the carbonated beverage in a sealed bottle has an oxygen level of 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values.
- the carbonated beverage in a sealed bottle has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 100 ppb, 0 ppb to about 50 ppb, 0 ppb to about 20 ppb, 0 ppb to about 25 ppb, 0 ppb to about 15 ppb, or 0 ppb to about 10 ppb.
- the carbonated beverage described herein is characterized by having a shelf life of more than 48 hours.
- the carbonated beverage can be characterized by having a shelf life of more than 2 days (e.g., more than 1 week, more than 2 weeks, more than 1 month, more than 2 months, more than 3 months, more than 4 months, more than 5 months, more than 6 months, more than 7 months, more than 8 months, more than 9 months, more than 10 months, more than 11 months, more than 12 months, more than 13 months, more than 14 months, more than 15 months, more than 16 months, more than 17 months, more than 18 months, or more than 24 months).
- the carbonated beverage can also be characterized by having a shelf life of 2 days, about 1 week, about 2 weeks, about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values.
- the carbonated beverage is characterized by having a shelf life of about 12 months to about 24 months.
- the carbonated beverage is characterized by having a shelf life of about 12 months to about 14 months.
- the carbonated beverage is characterized by having a shelf life of about 15 months to about 18 months.
- the carbonated beverage described herein can also contain additional ingredients, such as those customarily included in a currently commercial carbonated beverage.
- various flavoring agents can be included in the carbonated beverage described herein.
- suitable flavoring agents include any of those known in the art.
- Nonlimiting useful flavoring agents include, for example, fruit flavors, such as guava, kiwi, peach, mango, papaya, pineapple, banana, strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, orange, grapefruit, tangerine, lemon, lime and lemon-lime; cola flavors, tea flavors, coffee flavors, chocolate flavors, dairy flavors, root beer and birch beer flavors, methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil, sweet birch oil), citrus oils and other flavors.
- the carbonated beverage described herein includes at least one flavor (e.g., as described herein).
- the carbonated beverage described herein includes one flavor (e.g., as described herein).
- the carbonated beverage described herein include more than one flavor (e.g., as described herein).
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more flavoring agent in an amount of about 0.01% to about 25% (e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- about 0.01% to about 25% e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more flavoring agent in an amount of less than 5%, for example, less than 1%, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8% or 0.9% by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include a flavoring agent.
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E.
- the carbonated beverages includes one or more vitamin B, wherein the vitamin B is selected from vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, and vitamin B12.
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more vitamins in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%), about 2%), about 4%>, about 6%>, about 8%>, about 10%>, about 15%>, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- vitamins in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%), about 2%), about 4%>, about 6%>, about 8%>, about 10%>, about 15%>, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- each serving (e.g., 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz) of the carbonated beverage includes vitamin A in an amount of about 100 microgram to about 3 mg (e.g., 900 microgram), vitamin B in an amount of about 10 microgram to about 150 mg, vitamin C in an amount of about 10 mg to about 2 g (e.g., 90 mg), vitamin D in an amount of about 5 microgram to about 100 microgram (e.g., 15 microgram), and/or vitamin E in an amount of about 5 mg to about 1 g (e.g., 15 mg).
- the carbonated beverage does not contain vitamins.
- the carbonated beverage contains more than one vitamin.
- the carbonated beverage contains one vitamin.
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more minerals such as iron (e.g., non-chelated iron), copper, aluminum, manganese, silver, and zinc.
- the carbonated beverage has a concentration of non-chelated iron of 0 mg/L-about 0.3 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.1 mg/L, about 0.2 mg/L, about 0.3 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the carbonated beverage has a concentration of copper of 0 mg/L-about 1 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.1 mg/L, about 0.2 mg/L, about 0.3 mg/L, about 0.4 mg/L, about 0.5 mg/L, about 0.6 mg/L, about 0.7 mg/L, about 0.8 mg/L, about 0.9 mg/L, about 1 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the carbonated beverage has a concentration of aluminum of 0 mg/L-about 0.2 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.1 mg/L, about 0.2 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the carbonated beverage has a concentration of manganese of 0 mg/L-about 0.05 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.02 mg/L, about 0.03 mg/L, about 0.04 mg/L, about 0.05 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the carbonated beverage has a concentration of silver of 0 mg/L-about 0.1 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.02 mg/L, about 0.03 mg/L, about 0.04 mg/L, about 0.05 mg/L, 0.06 mg/L, about 0.07 mg/L, about 0.08 mg/L, about 0.09 mg/L, about 0.1 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the carbonated beverage has a concentration of zinc of 0 mg/L-about 5 mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 mg/L, about 0.2 mg/L, about 0.5 mg/L, about 1 mg/L, about 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L, about 4 mg/L, about 5 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the carbonated beverage does not include detectable non-chelated iron, i.e., a non-chelated iron concentration of 0.
- the carbonated beverage does not include detectable copper, i.e., a copper concentration of 0.
- the carbonated beverage does not include detectable aluminum, i.e., an aluminum concentration of 0.
- the carbonated beverage does not include detectable manganese, i.e., a manganese concentration of 0.
- the carbonated beverage does not include detectable silver, i.e., a silver concentration of 0.
- the carbonated beverage does not include detectable zinc, i.e., a zinc concentration of 0.
- the carbonated beverage does not include any of iron (e.g., non-chelated iron), copper, aluminum, manganese, silver, and zinc in detectable amount.
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more antioxidants such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E and carotenoids (e.g., beta-carotene), CoQ-10, phenols (e.g., polyphenols), and flavonoids.
- the one or more antioxidants are selected from vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids.
- the carbonated beverage includes CoQ-10 as an antioxidant.
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more antioxidants in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%), about 10%, about 15%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- the carbonated beverage does not include an antioxidant as described herein.
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more sweetener selected from honey, sugar (e.g., coconut palm sugar, HFCS-90, HFCS 50, pure crystalline fructose, agave nectar, sucrose, brown rice syrup, fructose, or galactose), sugar alcohol (e.g., HSH, maltitol, xylitol, glycerol, sorbitol, lactitol, isomalt, mannitol, or erythritol), natural sweetener (e.g., Yacon Syrup, Brazzein, Curculin, Glycyrrhizin, Luo Han Guo, Lakanto, Rebiana, Miraculin, Monellin, Pentadin, Stevia, Thaumatin, monk fruit extract, or monatin), sugar fiber (e.g., oligofructose or inulin,
- sugar fiber e.g., oligofructose or inulin
- the carbonated drink can have one or more sweeteners, for example, a natural sweetener and/or an artificial sweetener. Suitable natural or artificial sweeteners include any of those known in the art.
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more sweeteners in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%), about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%, about 15%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- the carbonated beverage of the present invention can have a reduced amount of flavoring agents and/or sweeteners for a more intense flavor due to the infusion of oil.
- the carbonated beverage is substantially free of a flavoring agent, a sweetener, or a combination thereof.
- the carbonated beverage includes one or more preservatives such as benzyl alcohol, Benzyl Benzoate, Methyl Paraben, and Propyl Paraben.
- Preservatives for use in beverages are well known. Any known preservative can be used in the carbonated beverage described herein.
- the amount of preservative for the carbonated beverages described herein can be less than 1% (e.g., less than 0.5%, less than 0.2%), less than 0.1%, less than 0.05%, less than 0.01%) by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- the amount of preservative for the carbonated beverage described herein is 0 to about 1% (e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%), about 0.5%), about 1%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- the carbonated beverage described herein does not contain a preservative as described herein.
- the carbonated beverage described herein can also include a metal chelating agent.
- the metal chelating agent is EDTA.
- the amount of metal chelating agent (e.g., EDTA) for the carbonated beverage described herein is 0 to about 1% (e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%), about 0.5%, about 1%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- the carbonated beverage described herein does not contain a metal chelating agent (e.g., EDTA).
- the carbonated beverage described herein can include additional ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, and/or surfactants. Suitable such ingredients include any of those known in the art (e.g., those exemplified herein). However, in any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage described herein can also be free of vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, and/or surfactants.
- ingredients (and amount thereof) to be included in the carbonated beverages described herein are those safe for human consumption, for example, in foods and beverages, for example, those that are generally recognized as safe for use in beverages at the indicated amount/concentration.
- the carbonated drink herein is composed of; deoxygenated H2O, cola flavorings, cola acid, sweetener (or sweeteners), CO2 and Omega 3. (The sweetener can be artificial or natural).
- the carbonated drink can be made colored or clear.
- a variation of the invention can be that of a carbonated soda drink without cola.
- the invention can also comprise one or more of: the following vitamins: by way of example only, vitamins A, B, C, D, and E.
- the invention can also comprise one or more of lipoic acid, lutein, Zeaxanthin, and CoQ10.
- the invention can also comprise one of more minerals such as zinc.
- the invention can also comprise one or more vitamin combined with one or more of lipoic acid, lutein, Zeaxanthin, CoQ10.
- the carbonated beverage of the present invention is characterized by one or more of the following:
- the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (k). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (k).
- the carbonated beverage of the present invention is characterized by one or more of the following:
- the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (g). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (g).
- the carbonated beverage of the present invention is sealed in an aluminum bottle, wherein the carbonated beverage is characterized by one or more of the following:
- the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (e). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (e).
- one serving of 8 oz of the carbonated beverage of the present invention is provided in a sealed aluminum bottle, wherein the carbonated beverage is characterized by one or more of the following:
- the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (f). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (f).
- the carbonated beverage of the present invention is characterized by one or more of the following:
- the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (i). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (f).
- the invention is directed to a method of preparing a beverage (e.g., the carbonated beverages as described herein) comprising one or more unsaturated fatty acids.
- a beverage e.g., the carbonated beverages as described herein
- the beverage is a carbonated beverage characterized by having an oxygen level below 500 ppb.
- the beverage is a carbonated beverage containing one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- the invention is directed to a method of producing a beverage comprising a beverage base and one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids. In some embodiments, the method comprising:
- the method further comprising
- the beverage base is purified water (e.g., reverse osmosis purified water).
- the beverage base is purified water (e.g., reverse osmosis purified water) mixed with one or more ingredients selected from vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, and surfactants. Suitable one or more ingredients and the amount thereof are described herein.
- the beverage base has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the beverage base has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb.
- the beverage base with the above indicated low oxygen level can be produced by various techniques.
- the beverage base with low oxygen level (e.g., described herein) can be produced by removing dissolved oxygen through membrane contactor.
- Useful membrane contactors include any of those known in the art for removing oxygen from a liquid.
- any of the commercially available membrane contactors e.g., Liqui-Cel membrane contactor
- the membrane contactor process can be repeated until the oxygen level in the beverage base reaches a targeted level, for example, 0 ppb to about 25 ppb.
- Other deaeration techniques can also be used, either alone or in conjunction with membrane contactor, to remove dissolved oxygen from the beverage base.
- the beverage component used in the process comprises one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., described herein).
- the beverage component is a beverage concentrate to be diluted with the beverage base, wherein the beverage concentrate includes the one or more PUFAs in water, optionally containing one or more other desired ingredients (e.g., sweeteners (e.g., fructose, cola syrup), flavoring agent (e.g., cola flavor), acids (e.g., cola acid, H3PO4), metal chelating agent etc.)) for the beverage.
- Suitable PUFAs and suitable other ingredients and amounts thereof are described herein.
- the PUFA(s) is EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof.
- the beverage component can also be processed such that the oxygen level is from 0 ppb to 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the beverage component has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb.
- the beverage concentrate has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the beverage concentrate has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb.
- the beverage concentrate when stored in a sealed container (e.g., described herein), has a shelf life of at least two weeks (e.g., about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) at room temperature.
- shelf stability of the carbonated beverages increases as the level of oxygen decreases.
- the shelf life of the carbonated beverage is as long as 15 months to 18 months.
- the carbonated beverage is produced such that the oxygen level is as low as possible, for example, approaching 0 and below 20 ppb.
- Methods for preparing carbonated beverages having oxygen level approaching 0 and below 20 ppb include those described herein.
- dissolved oxygen in the beverage concentrate can also be removed through membrane contactor.
- Useful membrane contactors include any of those known in the art for removing oxygen from a liquid.
- any of the commercially available membrane contactors e.g., Liqui-Cel membrane contactor
- the membrane contactor process can be repeated until the oxygen level in the beverage component reaches targeted level, for example, 0 ppb to about 25 ppb.
- Other deaeration techniques can also be used, either alone or in conjunction with membrane contactor, to remove dissolved oxygen from the beverage component.
- the method of preparing the beverage described herein can include removing dissolved oxygen from the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component by vacuum.
- the vacuum step can be an integral part of the membrane contactor step or a separate step.
- the method includes carbonating the beverage to achieve a carbonated level of about 1 g-about 8 g (e.g., about 1 g, about 1.5 g, about 2 g, about 2.5 g, about 3 g, about 3.5 g, about 4 g, about 4.5 g, about 5 g, about 5.5 g, about 6 g, about 6.5 g, about 7 g, about 7.5 g, about 8 g, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) CO 2 per kilogram of the beverage.
- Carbonation processes for beverages are well-known in the art. Different machinery for carbonation, filling, and capping are known to those skilled in the art, which can be used for the preparation of the carbonated beverage disclosed herein.
- the method of preparing the beverage described herein include a step of adding a metal chelating agent (e.g., EDTA) to the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component.
- a metal chelating agent e.g., EDTA
- Certain commercially available acids e.g., H3PO4
- metals e.g., H3PO4
- Suitable metal chelating agents include those known in the art.
- the metal chelating agent can be EDTA. Suitable amount of metal chelating agents (e.g., EDTA) are described herein.
- the method also includes a step of purging the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component by inert gas (e.g., N2); purging the beverage with inert gas (e.g., N2) before sealing the mixed beverage base and component in the container; or a combination thereof.
- inert gas e.g., N2
- purging the beverage with inert gas e.g., N2
- the beverage comprises at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, and surfactants.
- the at least one ingredient is provided in a form having an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values).
- the at least one ingredient is provided in a form having an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb.
- the at least one ingredient is provided in a form having an oxygen level of 10 ppb to about 50 ppb.
- the method described herein above can be used to prepare the beverage (e.g., described herein) with a low oxygen level and with a sufficient shelf life for commercial use.
- the beverage thus prepared has a shelf life of at least two weeks (e.g., about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) at room temperature.
- the beverage prepared has a shelf life of about 12 months to about 18 months.
- the beverage prepared has a shelf life of about 15 months to about 18 months.
- omegas when omegas are combined with a carbonated beverage product a complex chemical reaction occurs. This reaction happens over time regardless of adding chelating agents and preservatives.
- the omega molecule reacts with oxygen in the product both in the filling process and over time in the final product in the container.
- the omegas can react with oxygen immediately and with discernible taste problems in 4 days and up to four weeks or beyond depending on the amount of oxygen found in the product during or following manufacturing.
- Water can absorb oxygen. The effect of utilizing water that is oxygenated creates a negative taste profile that builds over time. It has been found that the oxygen levels utilized by current carbonated drink companies are too high for making a carbonated drink product comprising omega that can have an acceptable taste and shelf life. In certain embodiments of the invention by utilizing water oxygen filtration processes and removing oxygen below that of 500 parts per billion (ppb) or below (for the carbonated drink comprising omega and any unfilled volume in container) the shelf life and taste profile and stability is substantially extended.
- ppb parts per billion
- a carbonated drink product comprising omega was produced in part by utilizing a water oxygen filtration process to remove oxygen down to 500 parts per billion or below (for the carbonated drink comprising omega and any unfilled volume in container) the shelf life and taste profile is substantially extended beyond 48 hours.
- the process of reducing the oxygen level was with a nitrogen pre and post purge. Such a system is further explained below.
- the carbonated drink product comprising omega was placed into a sealed air tight aluminum container.
- a carbonated drink product comprising omega was produced in part by utilizing a water oxygen filtration process to remove oxygen down to 250 parts per billion or below (for the carbonated drink comprising omega and any unfilled volume in container) the shelf life and taste profile is substantially extended beyond 48 hours.
- the process of reducing the oxygen level was with a nitrogen pre and post purge. This time the nitrogen pre and post purge were performed under more stringent conditions. Such a system is further explained below.
- the carbonated drink product comprising omega was placed into a sealed air tight aluminum container.
- carbonated drink product comprising omega was produced in part by utilizing a water oxygen filtration process to remove oxygen down to 100 parts per billion or below (for the carbonated drink comprising omega and any unfilled volume in container) the shelf life and taste profile is substantially extended beyond 48 hours.
- the process of reducing the oxygen level was with a nitrogen pre and post purge. This time in addition to the nitrogen pre purge, nitrogen post purge an omega pre doser technique was also used. Such a system is further explained below.
- the carbonated drink product comprising omega was placed into a sealed air tight aluminum container.
- the Invention disclosed herein uses one or more of the following process steps. These are not intended to be a production order. It has been found that the use of one or more of these steps provides the invention with a very unique and satisfying taste that can be maintained over time in a stored sealed container and having a very acceptable shelf life.
- nitrogen pre-purge and post-purge can provide the protection needed for our product. It is important to accurately measure oxygen to ensure oxygen is displaced in the process. Since almost complete removal of oxygen from the water is the goal, the nitrogen purge could allow further protect of the product.
- Oxygen can come out of solution and concentrate in the headspace of the bottle. Headspace is defined as the area of gas above the beverage inside the sealed bottle after filling. The concentrated oxygen can then react with the omega and cause a reaction effecting taste and product stability.
- omegas from oxygen exposure and emulsification damage is one of the key components to a successful shelf life and taste profile that is required.
- Pre dosing omega is another valid way to add the omega after the carbonation process where it can bond with oxygen. Omega is dosed into a bottle purged of oxygen with methods like CO2 purging, nitrogen purging or other inert gas purging.
- Membrane Contactors utilize a hydrophobic polypropylene membrane to remove dissolved gasses from water. Water flows on one side of the membrane and a vacuum or strip gas is passed on the other side of the membrane. By controlling the pressures of gasses in contact with the water, a highly efficient method for gas control can be achieved. Membrane contactors are widely accepted to control gas levels in liquids used in the soft drink and brewing industries.
- omega One way for oxygen to react with omega is unstable columnar stability defined as when an oil is emulsified in a liquid improperly and creates small droplets in suspension. These droplets can trap and capture oxygen and lead to instability. Removal of oxygen can reduce this factor and add increased shelf life.
- the invention provides a carbonation level that is higher with the invention than other carbonated cola drinks.
- the carbonated level for the invention is targeted to be within the range of 3.5-4.5 CO2 per volume per sealed container. Some carbonated cola beverages target their range of CO 2 at 3.5. The carbonation level required for the invention is higher than other carbonated cola beverages.
- Invert of at least 10 hours not greater than 20 hours can be required.
- one of the key factors producing the bold flavor that is required is the invert process for the cola flavor and syrup. This invert process creates the bold flavor as it mixes the flavor oils with the acid. Omegas and Vitamins can then be added after the invert has taken place. EDTA can be mixed with omegas in pre-mix.
- the invention mixes the EDTA early in the process.
- This EDTA can be premixed with omegas prior to the production of the product and thus protects the omegas as they enter the production environment.
- Bottles may be plastic or aluminum; however conventional plastic bottles are permeable thus this is a major disadvantage in controlling oxygen. Therefore, if a plastic bottle is used, it must be coated or a higher thickness to ensure the lowest permeability to oxygen possible. Aluminum or metal cans are preferred. Whether the container is made of plastic or metal, an air tight top, cap or lid seal is required.
- Unsaturated fatty acids are known to be of nutritional value and offers medical benefits.
- the invention also provides a method of supplementing dietary to a subject (e.g., a human).
- the method comprises administering the subject a carbonated beverage (e.g., as described herein).
- one to five servings e.g., each serving can be of 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz
- the carbonated beverage comprises EPA.
- the carbonated beverage comprises ALA.
- the carbonated beverage comprises EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof.
- Omega fatty acids such as EPA were known to provide benefit in lowering triglyceride.
- Epanova is an FDA approved prescription medication used alongside a low fat and low cholesterol diet that lowers high triglyceride (fat) levels in adults.
- Epanova is derived from fish oil and an ultra pure mixture of the free fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (in about 15-25%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (in about 50-60%).
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- Other drugs with omega fatty acids approved for this indication includes Lovaza and Vascepa.
- the present invention also provides a method of lowering triglyceride in a subject (e.g., a human) in need thereof.
- the method comprises administering the subject a carbonated beverage (e.g., as described herein).
- a carbonated beverage e.g., as described herein.
- one to five servings e.g., each serving can be of 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz
- the carbonated beverage comprises EPA.
- the carbonated beverage comprises EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof.
- the carbonated beverage comprises EPA and DHA, with a ratio of EPA to DHA of about 1:10 to 10:1 (e.g., 1:10, 1:5, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight calculated based on the free fatty acids.
- the EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof are in free fatty acids form.
- the EPA, ALA, DHA, or any combination thereof are in the form of ethyl ester.
- omega fatty acids and PUFAs are known in the art.
- a person of ordinary skill in the art would readily appreciate that the carbonated beverages described herein can be extended to provide any of such known benefits associated with omega fatty acids and PUFAs.
- the invention is also directed to providing any known benefits associated with omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs comprising administering the carbonated beverages described herein.
- Carbonation processes for beverages are known in the art. Different machinery for carbonation, filling, and capping are known to those skilled in the art, which can be used for the preparation of carbonated beverage disclosed herein.
- filtered water is purified utilizing reverse osmosis to remove impurities such as iron and heavy metals.
- beverage ingredients i.e., flavor, acid, sweetener, omega fatty acids, and any other additional ingredients
- water are mixed and blended, which then are carbonated and enter the filler.
- Bottles are transported to a conveyor that feeds them to a rinser to remove debris and then are transported to the filler.
- the bottle Upon entering the filler the bottle is sealed against the filling heads. With a strong seal the bottle then is purged of oxygen utilizing CO 2 and counter pressure. The pressure of the bottle is now greater than the pressure of the product inside the filler.
- Product in the bowl of the filler is pressurized with CO 2 at or slightly above the desired volumes of carbonation for the final product. Releasing the pressure inside the bottle allows the bottle to fill with carbonated product and displaces oxygen. When the desired fill height is reached the bottle comes out of contact with the fill head and then is sealed utilizing a closure.
- a post dose blanket of inert gas is used to purge the head space of the bottle before the bottle is sealed.
- a drop of processed reverse osmosis water with oxygen removed is dripped into the container, generating a release of C02 to off gas and overflow the headspace of the bottle to ensure oxygen does not enter before the closure is sealed.
- Water, H 2 O has the ability to absorb gasses, such as oxygen.
- gasses such as oxygen.
- the process we removed as much oxygen as is necessary and replaced it with inert gas such as CO 2 .
- ingredients were mixed into a stainless steel pressure vessel and then air was purged by adding CO 2 from the bottom and purged from the top of the vessel.
- the oxygen level of the carbonated beverages can be determined readily by those skilled in the art.
- the oxygen levels can be tested by using commercially available dissolved oxygen meters such as AquaTraceTM ppb Dissolved Oxygen System from Thermo Scientific Inc. or 3650 ORBISPHERE Portable ppb EC O2 analyzer—beverage, from Hach.
- Shelf life testing can be performed two ways, real time or accelerated shelf life testing.
- Real time testing follows the following general procedure. First, when product is bottled, oxygen level is measured. The bottled product is then held at room temperature. Standard conditions for temperature and pressure are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. Here, the test is carried out at room temperature, which is set at 20° C. plus or minus 1° C. At weekly intervals, the products were physically tasted to see if there were noticeable off notes or bad flavor.
- Table 1 shows that carbonated beverages containing omega fatty acids achieved long shelf stability when the dissolved oxygen level is low, such as below 25 ppb.
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Abstract
Provided herein are carbonated beverages comprising one or more unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., an omega-3, omega-6, and/or omega-9 polyunsaturated fatty acids), wherein the beverages are characterized by having a low oxygen level of less than 500 ppb. Also provided herein are methods for preparing carbonated beverages comprising one or more unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., an omega-3, omega-6, and/or omega-9 polyunsaturated fatty acids), wherein the beverages are characterized by having a low oxygen level of less than 500 ppb.
Description
- This application is a Continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/503,845, filed Feb. 14, 2017. The '845 application is a National Stage application under 35 USC § 371 of International Application No. PCT/US15/45380, filed Aug. 14, 2015, which application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 62/037,264, filed Aug. 14, 2014, and 62/045,063, filed Sep. 3, 2014, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
- In various embodiments, the present invention generally relates to carbonated beverages containing one or more unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega 3, omega 6, and/or omega 9 polyunsaturated fatty acids), and methods of preparation and use thereof.
- Omegas can be dissolved in normal non-carbonated beverages (drinks) with varying degrees of good stability and shelf life. Historically, omegas when put into a carbonated drink have significant time limited taste and short shelf life issues. By time limited taste, it is meant that over time the taste changes and becomes unsatisfactory for the taster. By short shelf life, it is mean that in certain cases the carbonated drink product may not survive 48 hours after production. Carbonated drink products like Coke, Pepsi and Dr. Pepper desire taste and shelf life of 3 months or greater.
- In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a carbonated drink comprising omega, wherein the carbonated drink is contained within a sealed container, wherein the carbonated drink within the container comprises oxygen, wherein the oxygen level within the sealed container is less than 500 parts per billion (ppb). In some embodiments, the oxygen level is less than 250 ppb. In some embodiments, the oxygen level is less than 100 ppb. In some embodiments, the omega is selected from the group consisting of omega 3, omega 6, and omega 9.
- The carbonated drinks are characterized by their shelf life. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink has a shelf life of greater than 48 hours. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink has a shelf life of 4 months or more.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated drink is a cola drink. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink is a soda drink. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink is clear. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink is colored.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises a vitamin. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin A. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin B. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin C. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin D. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises vitamin E.
- The carbonated drink can also include other ingredients such as antioxidants and minerals. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises lipoic acid. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises lutein. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises Zeaxanthin. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises CoQ10. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink further comprises zinc.
- In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a beverage comprising one or more unsaturated fatty acids, wherein the beverage is a carbonated beverage characterized by having an oxygen level below 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb to 100 ppb or 0 ppb to 20 ppb). In some embodiments, the beverage is provided in a sealed container (e.g., a sealed aluminum bottle). In some embodiments, the beverage is provided in a sealed container having a transmission of UV light of less than 20%. In some embodiments, the beverage is characterized by having a shelf life of at least two weeks (e.g., about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) at room temperature.
- In various embodiments, the one or more unsaturated fatty acids can be an omega 3 fatty acid, an omega 6 fatty acid, and/or an omega 9 fatty acid. In some embodiments, the one or more unsaturated fatty acids comprises at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). In some embodiments, the PUFA can be hexadecatrienoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, heneicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6), tetracosatetraenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, mead acid, or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the PUFA can be eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6), and alpha-linolenic acid. In any of the embodiments described herein, the PUFA can be EPA, ALA, DHA, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the beverage contains one or more PUFAs in an amount of 0.1% to 25% by weight. In some embodiments, the PUFA(s) is in a natural or an encapsulated form.
- In various embodiments, the beverage of the present invention can include additional ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, metal chelating agents, preservatives, and surfactants. Suitable additional ingredients and amounts are described herein. In some embodiments, the beverage contains one or more minerals. In some embodiments, the beverage has a concentration of non-chelated iron of 0 mg/L-0.3 mg/L; a concentration of copper of 0 mg/L-1.0 mg/L; a concentration of aluminum of 0 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L; a concentration of manganese of 0 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L; a concentration of silver of 0 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L; and/or a concentration of zinc of 0 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L. In some embodiments, the beverage includes one or more flavoring agents in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight. In some embodiments, the beverage includes one or more antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids) in an amount of 0.1% to 15% by weight. In some embodiments, the beverage includes one or more preservatives in an amount of 0 to 1% by weight. In some embodiments, the beverage includes a metal chelating agent (e.g., EDTA). In some embodiments, the beverage includes a sweetener (e.g., fructose). In some embodiments, the beverage includes caffeine. In some embodiments, the beverage includes a vitamin, a mineral, or a combination thereof.
- In one aspect, the invention is related to a method of producing the beverage described herein. In some embodiments, the method is directed to producing a beverage comprising a beverage base and one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids. In some embodiments, the method comprising:
- a) providing a beverage base having an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb;
- b) providing a beverage component comprising the one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids, wherein the beverage component has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb;
- c) mixing the beverage base and the beverage component; and
- d) carbonating and sealing the mixed beverage base and component in a container (e.g., as described herein) to form a sealed system,
wherein the beverage in the sealed system has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb (e.g., between 0 ppb and about 450 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 400 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 350 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 300 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 250 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 200 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 150 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 100 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 50 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 20 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 25 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 15 ppb or between 0 ppb and about 10 ppb). In some embodiments, the beverage in the sealed system has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb. In some embodiments, the beverage is carbonated to achieve a level of 1 g-8 g CO2 per kilogram of the beverage. In some embodiments, the beverage produced by the methods described herein is characterized by having a shelf life of at least two weeks (e.g., about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) at room temperature. - Various techniques can be used to reduce the oxygen level. In some embodiments, membrane contractor(s) is used for removing dissolved oxygen from the beverage base, beverage component, and/or the mixture of beverage base and component. In some embodiments, the method further comprises removing dissolved oxygen from the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component by vacuum. In some embodiments, the method further comprises purging the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component by inert gas (e.g., N2) and/or purging the beverage with inert gas before sealing the mixed beverage base and component in the container.
- In one aspect, the present invention also provides a method of supplementing dietary to a subject (e.g., a human). In some embodiments, the method comprises administering the subject a carbonated beverage (e.g., as described herein). In some embodiments, one to five servings of the carbonated beverage are administered daily. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof.
- In one aspect, the present invention also provides a method of lowering triglyceride in a subject (e.g., a human) in need thereof. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering the subject a carbonated beverage (e.g., as described herein). In some embodiments, one to five servings of the carbonated beverage are administered daily. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises EPA. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises EPA, DHA, or a combination thereof.
- Definitions
- Unless specifically stated or obvious from context, as used herein, the term “about” is understood as within a range of normal tolerance in the art, for example, within 20% of the stated value, for example, “about 20” includes 16 to 24, and “about 20%” includes 16% to 24% (not 0% to 40%). As used herein, “about” a specific value also includes the specific value, for example, about 10% includes 10%.
- Open terms such as “include,” “including,” “contain,” “containing” and the like mean “comprising.”
- The terms “beverage” and “drink” are used synonymously herein. In any of the embodiments described herein, the beverage or drink of the present invention can be a non-alcoholic drink, for example, a soda, a cola, etc.
- As used herein, unless otherwise clear from context, the term “omega” refers generally to omega fatty acids, which include for example, omega 3, omega 6, and omega 9 fatty acids. Useful omega fatty acids include any of those known in the art. In any of the embodiments described herein, the omega fatty acids (e.g., omega 3, omega 6, and/or omega 9 fatty acids) can be used in the form of fatty acids or salts thereof (e.g., free carboxylic acids or sodium salts thereof), esters (e.g., a methyl ester, an ethyl ester, etc.), and/or glycerides (e.g., a triglyceride, a diglyceride, or a monoglyceride). In some embodiments, the omega fatty acids are used in the form of triglycerides. In some embodiments, the omega fatty acids are used in the form of ethyl esters.
- As used herein, unless otherwise clear from context, the term “omega 3” refers to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, which are methylene interrupted polyenes, which have two or more cis double bonds, separated by a single methylene group and in which the first double bond appears at the third carbon from the last carbon. Non-limiting useful omega 3 fatty acids are described herein.
- As used herein, unless otherwise clear from context, the term “omega 6” refers to omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids, which are methylene interrupted polyenes, which have two or more cis double bonds, separated by a single methylene group and in which the first double bond appears at the sixth carbon from the last carbon. Non-limiting useful omega 6 fatty acids are described herein.
- As used herein, the term “omega 9” refers to omega-9 (n-9) fatty acids, which can be mono or polyunsaturated, with the first double bond appears at the ninth carbon from the last carbon. Non-limiting useful omega 9 fatty acids are described herein.
- As used herein, the term “Polyunsaturated fatty acid” and “PUFA” are used synonymously to refer to fatty acids that contain more than one carbon-carbon double bond in the carbon chain of the fatty acid. Nonlimiting useful PUFAs are described herein. In any of the embodiments described herein, the PUFAs can be used in the form of fatty acids or salts thereof (e.g., free carboxylic acids or sodium salts thereof), esters (e.g., a methyl ester, an ethyl ester, etc.), and/or glycerides (e.g., a triglyceride, a diglyceride, or a monoglyceride). In some embodiments, the PUFAs are used in the form of triglycerides. In some embodiments, the PUFAs are used in the form of ethyl esters.
- [0024] As used herein, the terms “soda drink”, “carbonated drink”, and “carbonated beverage” refer to beverages into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved.
- [0025] As used herein, the term “shelf-stability” or “shelf stable” is understood as a character of or to characterize a beverage or a component in the beverage (e.g., omega 3, omega 6, omega 9 fatty acids) that is substantially unchanged upon storing at room temperature. Methods for determining such shelf-stability are known, for example, as described in the Examples section herein. In some embodiments, shelf stability of the beverage is determined by real time testing. In some embodiments, shelf stability of the beverage is determined by accelerated shelf life testing. As used herein, the “shelf life” of the beverage is expressed as the shelf stability of the beverage at room temperature. For example, a beverage has a shelf life of 12 months means that the beverage remains stable for 12 months at room temperature. In other words, the beverage has a shelf stability of 12 months at room temperature as determined in either of the real time or accelerated shelf life testing.
- It is known that oxygen affects the quality of taste and the shelf life/stability of various carbonated soft drink products. Carbonated beverages generally target to have oxygen levels within the range of 500 ppb and higher. They have found that oxygen levels within this range produce acceptable stability and taste for their drink products. Further reduction of oxygen level requires extreme measures and different methods from current protocols used for preparing carbonated beverages. Oxygen removal is used to speed up the filling process, increases the ability to carbonate, increase shelf life, and reduce carbonating costs. These processes do not remove enough oxygen to ensure natural nutritional supplement ingredients do not react with oxygen and promote rancidity. The oils and flavorings currently used in beverages are very shelf stable compared to ingredients sourced from nature that quickly react with oxygen and spoil.
- There has never been a commercially available cola drink that contains an omega molecule. This is true whether or not the omega molecule is that of omega 3, omega 6 and omega 9. There are many reasons for this and a major one is that no one has been successful in combining omega and cola in a drink so to provide consistently good taste along with a stable reasonable shelf life.
- There is a need for a carbonated cola drink which comprises omega. One that's taste upon production is consistently good from bottle to bottle. In addition, there is a need for such a drink to be stable with a “minimum” shelf life of 4 weeks or greater (preferably 4 months or greater) and with the ability to ship such a drink by way of a non-refrigerated transportation system if needed.
- In some embodiments, the invention discloses a carbonated drink comprising omega and the process for making such a drink. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink comprises omega, wherein the carbonated drink is contained within a sealed container, wherein the carbonated drink within the container comprises oxygen, wherein the oxygen level within the sealed container is less than 500 ppb. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink comprising omega can have a taste and shelf life greater than 48 hours and with the use of one or more production processes disclosed below can have a taste and shelf life of 4 months or greater when not opened. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink comprising omega can be colored or clear. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink comprising omega can be a soda or a cola. In some embodiments, the carbonated drink can further comprise a vitamin and/or mineral. In some embodiments, the vitamins can be one or more of Vitamin A, B, C, D, or E. In some embodiments, the carbonate drink can further comprise one or more of: lipoic acid, lutein, Zeaxanthin, CoQ1O.
- In one aspect, the invention is directed to a beverage comprising one or more unsaturated fatty acids, wherein the beverage is a carbonated beverage characterized by having an oxygen level below 500 ppb.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage can have a concentration of CO2 of about 1 g-about 8 g (e.g., about 1 g, about 1.5 g, about 2 g, about 2.5 g, about 3 g, about 3.5 g, about 4 g, about 4.5 g, about 5 g, about 5.5 g, about 6 g, about 6.5 g, about 7 g, about 7.5 g, about 8 g, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) C02 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage has a concentration of CO2 of about 1 g-about 5.5 g, or about 3.5 g-about 4.5 g C02 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage has a concentration of C02 of more than 5.5 g (e.g., about 6 g, about 6.5 g, about 7 g, about 7.5 g, about 8 g, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) CO2 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage. In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage can have a concentration of CO2 of about 1 g-about 8 g (e.g., about 5 g-about 8 g, about 5 g-about 7 g C02, about 5 g-about 6 g, about 6 g-about 8 g, about 6 g-about 7 g, or about 7 g to 8 g) per kilogram of the carbonated beverage.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the pH of the carbonated beverage can be in the range of 1 to 7 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the pH of the carbonated beverage is in the range of 0.05 to 5 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the pH of the carbonated beverage is about 2 to about 4.5, similar to the commercially available carbonated drinks such as Coke, Sprite, Mountain Dew, Dr. Pepper, Pepsi, Root beer, etc.
- The carbonated beverage described herein can be provided in various sealed containers (e.g., sealed bottles) in various sizes before first use/consumption. In some embodiments, the sealed containers (e.g., sealed bottles) have a transmission of UV light of less than 20%. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed metal bottle (e.g., a sealed aluminum bottle), a sealed glass bottle, or a sealed plastic (e.g., optionally coated plastic bottles, e.g., high density polyethylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, polypropylene) bottle. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed aluminum bottle. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed glass bottle. In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage can be provided in a sealed bottle of 2 oz to 4 liters capacity. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed bottle of 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz capacity. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is provided in a sealed bottle of 1 liter, 1.5 liters, 2 liters, or 4 liters capacity. In any of the embodiments described herein, one serving (e.g., 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz) of the carbonated beverage can be provided in a sealed bottle. In any of the embodiments described herein, multiple servings of the carbonated beverage can also be provided in a sealed bottle, wherein each serving is of 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz. As used herein, the term “bottle” includes all containers that regularly used in the beverage industry for finished products, such as a can. The bottles for the carbonated beverage can have various designs (e.g., various shapes and colors etc.), which are known to those skilled in the art.
- In various embodiments, the carbonated beverages of the present invention can contain one or more unsaturated fatty acids. Useful unsaturated fatty acids include any of those known in the art, for example, those known to be of nutritional value or otherwise edible.
- In some embodiments, the one or more unsaturated fatty acids are selected from omega 3 fatty acids, omega 6 fatty acids, and/or omega 9 fatty acids. Non-limiting useful omega 3 fatty acids include Hexadecatrienoic acid; Alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3.omega.3); Stearidonic acid (18:4.omega.3); Eicosatrienoic acid; Eicosatetraenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5.omega.3); Heneicosapentaenoic acid; Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6.omega.3); Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, Clupanodonic acid) (22:5.omega.3); Tetracosapentaenoic acid; and nisinic acid (24:6.omega.3). Non-limiting useful omega 6 fatty acids include Linoleic acid (18:2.omega.6); Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) (18:3.omega.6); Dihomo gamma linolenic acid (DGLA) (20:3.omega.6); Eicosadienoic acid (20:2.omega.6); Arachidonic acid (AA) (20:4.omega.6); Docosadienoic acid (22:2.omega.6); Adrenic acid (22:4.omega.6); and Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5.omega.6); Tetracosatetraenoic acid; and Tetracosapentaenoic acid. Non-limiting useful omega 9 fatty acids include oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, mead acid, erucic acid, and nervonic acid.
- In some embodiments, the one or more unsaturated fatty acids include at least one PUFA. Nonlimiting useful PUFAs include hexadecatrienoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, heneicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6), tetracosatetraenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, mead acid, and a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the PUFA can be a conjugated fatty acid. Nonlimiting useful conjugated fatty acid include Rumenic acid, α-Calendic acid, β-Calendic acid, Jacaric acid, α-Eleostearic acid, β-Eleostearic acid, Catalpic acid, Punicic acid, Rumelenic acid, α-Parinaric acid, β-Parinaric acid, Pinolenic acid, Podocarpic acid, and Bosseopentaenoic acid.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid selected from the group consisting of hexadecatrienoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, heneicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6), tetracosatetraenoic acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, mead acid, and a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, carbonated beverage comprises at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid selected from the group consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises eicosapentaenoic acid. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises docosahexaenoic acid. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises eicosapentaenoic acid as substantially the only PUFA (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid is of more than 90%, more than 95%, or more than 99% by weight of total PUFAs in the carbonated beverage). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises docosahexaenoic acid as substantially the only PUFA (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid is of more than 90%, more than 95%, or more than 99% by weight of total PUFAs in the carbonated beverage). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as substantially the only PUFAs (e.g., the combination of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is of more than 90%, more than 95%, or more than 99% by weight of total PUFAs in the carbonated beverage).
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs can be obtained from any known sources, for example, plant oils (e.g., walnut, edible seeds, clary sage seed oil, algal oil, flaxseed oil, Sacha Inchi oil, Echium oil, and hemp oil), fish oils, egg oil, squid oils, krill oils, etc. Methods for obtaining omega fatty acids and PUFAs from various sources are known in the art. For example, microalgae oils are an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA (see e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,397,591, 5,407,957, 5,492,938, 5,711,983, and 6,977,166, and U.S. Publication Number US 2004/0072330). Exemplary of oils derived from microalgae are the oils disclosed in, and oils made according to the methods described in, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,397,591, 5,407,957, 5,492,938 and 5,711,983 and U.S. Publication number 2007/0166411, including DHASCO® and DHASCO-S® (Martek Biosciences Corporation).
- In any of the embodiments described herein, unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs) can be used in the form of fatty acids or salts thereof (e.g., free carboxylic acids or sodium salts thereof), esters (e.g., a methyl ester, an ethyl ester, etc.), and/or glycerides (e.g., a triglyceride, a diglyceride, or a monoglyceride). In some embodiments, omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs in the form of triglycerides are used. In some embodiments, omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs in the form of ethyl esters are used. In some embodiments, omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs in substantially one form are used, e.g., as triglycerides, esters, or fatty acids or salts thereof. In some embodiments, omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs are used in a combination of two or more forms.
- Unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs) of various purity grades can be used in the carbonated beverage described herein. For example, in some embodiments, omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs in an edible oil (e.g., plant oil, fish oil, krill oil, egg oil, or squid oil) can be used. In such embodiments, the omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs can have a purity such that they constitute an amount of, for example, about 5% to 60% by weight of the oil. In some embodiments, omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs can be used in a high purity grade, such as more than 90%, more than 95%, or more than 99%. In such embodiments, the omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs are purified or isolated from their respective sources with or without transforming into an ester (e.g., ethyl ester) of the fatty acids.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs) can be used in an encapsulated form. In any of the embodiments described herein, the unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs) can also be used in an non-encapsulated form, for example, as in their respective natural forms.
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs) can be mixed in the carbonated beverage described herein to form a clear beverage, which does not appear cloudy by empirical observation (e.g., to the naked eye) and/or does not contain particles or crystals that are visible to the naked eye, or that does not exhibit “ringing.” Other methods for determine clarity of a beverage are known in the art. Methods of preparing a clear aqueous composition having PUFAs are also known in the art.
- Various amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs) are suitable for the carbonated beverage described herein. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs), wherein the unsaturated fatty acids are in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% (e.g., about 0.1% to about 20%, about 0.1% to about 15% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 8%, about 0.1% to about 6%, about 0.1% to about 4%, about 0.1% to about 2%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 1% to about 25%, about 1% to about 20%), about 1% to about 15% by weight, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 8%), about 1%) to about 6%, about 1% to about 4%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 25%o, about 2% to about 20%, about 2% to about 15% by weight, about 2% to about 10%, about 2% to about 8%, about 2% to about 6%, about 2% to about 4%, about 4% to about 25%), about 4% to about 20%, about 4% to about 15% by weight, about 4% to about 10%, about 4% to about 8%, about 4% to about 6%, about 6% to about 25%, about 6% to about 20%), about 6% to about 15% by weight, about 6% to about 10%, about 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 25%, about 8% to about 20%, about 8% to about 15% by weight, about 8% to about 10%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%) by weight, about 15% to about 25%, about 15% to about 20%, or about 20% to about 25%) by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs) are in an amount of about 0.1%, about 1%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%), or about 25% by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more PUFAs selected from eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid, wherein the one or more PUFAs are in an amount of about 0.1%, about 1%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%), about 15%), about 20%, about 25%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values, by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the one or more PUFAs are eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and/or docosahexaenoic acid.
- In some embodiments, each serving of the carbonated beverage (e.g., 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz) includes about 1 mg to about 5 gram (e.g., about 10 mg, about 100 mg, about 200 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 500 mg, about 1 gram, about 2 grams, about 3 grams, about 4 grams, about 5 grams, or any ranges between the recited values) of the unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more PUFAs selected from eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid, wherein the one or more PUFAs are in an amount of about 1 mg to about 5 gram (e.g., about 10 mg, about 100 mg, about 200 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 500 mg, about 1 gram, about 2 grams, about 3 grams, about 4 grams, about 5 grams, or any ranges between the recited values) per each serving of the carbonated beverage (e.g., 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz). In some embodiments, the one or more PUFAs is eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and/or docosahexaenoic acid.
- In some aspects, the inventors found that the oxygen level affects the shelf life of a carbonated beverage. Thus, in some embodiments, the carbonated beverage of the present invention is characterized by having a low oxygen level. In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage (e.g., before bottling and capping, or after bottling and capping) can have an oxygen level of below 500 ppb (e.g., below 450 ppb, below 400 ppb, below 350 ppb, below 300 ppb, below 250 ppb, below 200 ppb, below 150 ppb, below 100 ppb, below 50 ppb, below 25 ppb, below 20 ppb, below 15 ppb, or below 10 ppb). In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage (e.g., before bottling and capping, or after bottling and capping) can also have an oxygen level of between 0 ppb and about 500 ppb (e.g., between 0 ppb and about 450 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 400 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 350 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 300 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 250 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 200 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 150 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 100 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 50 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 20 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 25 ppb, between 0 ppb and about 15 ppb or between 0 ppb and about 10 ppb). In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage (e.g., before bottling and capping, or after bottling and capping) can also have an oxygen level of 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values. As used herein, when it is said that the oxygen level is 0 ppb, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that the oxygen level is below detection limit of an oxygen measuring device that can detect a level of oxygen at 1 ppb. As understood by those skilled in the art, after bottling and capping, the carbonated beverage is in a sealed environment, i.e., there is substantial no exchange of matter (e.g., O2, water, etc.) between the internal carbonated beverage and the external environment.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage in a sealed bottle (e.g., a sealed aluminum bottle, a sealed glass bottle) has an oxygen level of 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage in a sealed bottle (e.g., a sealed aluminum bottle, a sealed glass bottle) has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 100 ppb, 0 ppb to about 50 ppb, 0 ppb to about 20 ppb, 0 ppb to about 25 ppb, 0 ppb to about 15 ppb, or 0 ppb to about 10 ppb.
- In various embodiments, the carbonated beverage described herein is characterized by having a shelf life of more than 48 hours. In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage can be characterized by having a shelf life of more than 2 days (e.g., more than 1 week, more than 2 weeks, more than 1 month, more than 2 months, more than 3 months, more than 4 months, more than 5 months, more than 6 months, more than 7 months, more than 8 months, more than 9 months, more than 10 months, more than 11 months, more than 12 months, more than 13 months, more than 14 months, more than 15 months, more than 16 months, more than 17 months, more than 18 months, or more than 24 months). In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage can also be characterized by having a shelf life of 2 days, about 1 week, about 2 weeks, about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by having a shelf life of about 12 months to about 24 months. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by having a shelf life of about 12 months to about 14 months. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by having a shelf life of about 15 months to about 18 months.
- In various embodiments, the carbonated beverage described herein can also contain additional ingredients, such as those customarily included in a currently commercial carbonated beverage.
- For example, various flavoring agents can be included in the carbonated beverage described herein. Suitable flavoring agents include any of those known in the art. Nonlimiting useful flavoring agents include, for example, fruit flavors, such as guava, kiwi, peach, mango, papaya, pineapple, banana, strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, orange, grapefruit, tangerine, lemon, lime and lemon-lime; cola flavors, tea flavors, coffee flavors, chocolate flavors, dairy flavors, root beer and birch beer flavors, methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil, sweet birch oil), citrus oils and other flavors. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage described herein includes at least one flavor (e.g., as described herein). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage described herein includes one flavor (e.g., as described herein). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage described herein include more than one flavor (e.g., as described herein).
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more flavoring agent in an amount of about 0.01% to about 25% (e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more flavoring agent in an amount of less than 5%, for example, less than 1%, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8% or 0.9% by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include a flavoring agent.
- Various vitamins can be included in the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverages includes one or more vitamin B, wherein the vitamin B is selected from vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, and vitamin B12. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more vitamins in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%), about 2%), about 4%>, about 6%>, about 8%>, about 10%>, about 15%>, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiment, each serving (e.g., 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz) of the carbonated beverage includes vitamin A in an amount of about 100 microgram to about 3 mg (e.g., 900 microgram), vitamin B in an amount of about 10 microgram to about 150 mg, vitamin C in an amount of about 10 mg to about 2 g (e.g., 90 mg), vitamin D in an amount of about 5 microgram to about 100 microgram (e.g., 15 microgram), and/or vitamin E in an amount of about 5 mg to about 1 g (e.g., 15 mg). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not contain vitamins. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage contains more than one vitamin. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage contains one vitamin.
- Various minerals can also be included in the carbonated beverage described herein. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more minerals such as iron (e.g., non-chelated iron), copper, aluminum, manganese, silver, and zinc. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage has a concentration of non-chelated iron of 0 mg/L-about 0.3 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.1 mg/L, about 0.2 mg/L, about 0.3 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage has a concentration of copper of 0 mg/L-about 1 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.1 mg/L, about 0.2 mg/L, about 0.3 mg/L, about 0.4 mg/L, about 0.5 mg/L, about 0.6 mg/L, about 0.7 mg/L, about 0.8 mg/L, about 0.9 mg/L, about 1 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage has a concentration of aluminum of 0 mg/L-about 0.2 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.1 mg/L, about 0.2 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage has a concentration of manganese of 0 mg/L-about 0.05 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.02 mg/L, about 0.03 mg/L, about 0.04 mg/L, about 0.05 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage has a concentration of silver of 0 mg/L-about 0.1 mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 mg/L, about 0.02 mg/L, about 0.03 mg/L, about 0.04 mg/L, about 0.05 mg/L, 0.06 mg/L, about 0.07 mg/L, about 0.08 mg/L, about 0.09 mg/L, about 0.1 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage has a concentration of zinc of 0 mg/L-about 5 mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 mg/L, about 0.2 mg/L, about 0.5 mg/L, about 1 mg/L, about 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L, about 4 mg/L, about 5 mg/L, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include detectable non-chelated iron, i.e., a non-chelated iron concentration of 0. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include detectable copper, i.e., a copper concentration of 0. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include detectable aluminum, i.e., an aluminum concentration of 0. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include detectable manganese, i.e., a manganese concentration of 0. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include detectable silver, i.e., a silver concentration of 0. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include detectable zinc, i.e., a zinc concentration of 0. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include any of iron (e.g., non-chelated iron), copper, aluminum, manganese, silver, and zinc in detectable amount.
- Various antioxidants can also be included in the carbonated beverage described herein. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more antioxidants such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E and carotenoids (e.g., beta-carotene), CoQ-10, phenols (e.g., polyphenols), and flavonoids. In some embodiments, the one or more antioxidants are selected from vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes CoQ-10 as an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more antioxidants in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%), about 10%, about 15%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage does not include an antioxidant as described herein.
- Various sweeteners can also be included in the carbonated beverage described herein. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more sweetener selected from honey, sugar (e.g., coconut palm sugar, HFCS-90, HFCS 50, pure crystalline fructose, agave nectar, sucrose, brown rice syrup, fructose, or galactose), sugar alcohol (e.g., HSH, maltitol, xylitol, glycerol, sorbitol, lactitol, isomalt, mannitol, or erythritol), natural sweetener (e.g., Yacon Syrup, Brazzein, Curculin, Glycyrrhizin, Luo Han Guo, Lakanto, Rebiana, Miraculin, Monellin, Pentadin, Stevia, Thaumatin, monk fruit extract, or monatin), sugar fiber (e.g., oligofructose or inulin, Jerusalem Artichoke Inulin), or artificial sweetener (e.g., Acesulfame K, Alitame, Aspartame, Cyclamate, Neotame, Saccharin, or Sucralose). In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated drink can have one or more sweeteners, for example, a natural sweetener and/or an artificial sweetener. Suitable natural or artificial sweeteners include any of those known in the art. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more sweeteners in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%), about 2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, about 10%, about 15%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage.
- Unexpectedly, the inventors found that the omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs make a positive contribution to the taste of the carbonated beverages with a low oxygen level. Thus, in some embodiments, the carbonated beverage of the present invention can have a reduced amount of flavoring agents and/or sweeteners for a more intense flavor due to the infusion of oil. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is substantially free of a flavoring agent, a sweetener, or a combination thereof.
- Various preservatives can also be included in the carbonated beverage described herein. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage includes one or more preservatives such as benzyl alcohol, Benzyl Benzoate, Methyl Paraben, and Propyl Paraben. Preservatives for use in beverages are well known. Any known preservative can be used in the carbonated beverage described herein. The amount of preservative for the carbonated beverages described herein can be less than 1% (e.g., less than 0.5%, less than 0.2%), less than 0.1%, less than 0.05%, less than 0.01%) by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the amount of preservative for the carbonated beverage described herein is 0 to about 1% (e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%), about 0.5%), about 1%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage described herein does not contain a preservative as described herein.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage described herein can also include a metal chelating agent. In some embodiments, the metal chelating agent is EDTA. In some embodiments, the amount of metal chelating agent (e.g., EDTA) for the carbonated beverage described herein is 0 to about 1% (e.g., about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%), about 0.5%, about 1%, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight of the carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage described herein does not contain a metal chelating agent (e.g., EDTA).
- In any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage described herein can include additional ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, and/or surfactants. Suitable such ingredients include any of those known in the art (e.g., those exemplified herein). However, in any of the embodiments described herein, the carbonated beverage described herein can also be free of vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, and/or surfactants.
- As readily understood by those skilled in the art, the ingredients (and amount thereof) to be included in the carbonated beverages described herein are those safe for human consumption, for example, in foods and beverages, for example, those that are generally recognized as safe for use in beverages at the indicated amount/concentration.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated drink herein is composed of; deoxygenated H2O, cola flavorings, cola acid, sweetener (or sweeteners), CO2 and Omega 3. (The sweetener can be artificial or natural). In some embodiments, the carbonated drink can be made colored or clear. In some embodiments, a variation of the invention can be that of a carbonated soda drink without cola.
- In some embodiments, the invention can also comprise one or more of: the following vitamins: by way of example only, vitamins A, B, C, D, and E.
- In some embodiments, the invention can also comprise one or more of lipoic acid, lutein, Zeaxanthin, and CoQ10.
- In some embodiments, the invention can also comprise one of more minerals such as zinc.
- In some embodiments, the invention can also comprise one or more vitamin combined with one or more of lipoic acid, lutein, Zeaxanthin, CoQ10.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage of the present invention is characterized by one or more of the following:
- (a) an oxygen level below 500 ppb;
- (b) at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid selected from the group consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid;
- (c) a concentration of non-chelated iron of 0 mg/L-0.3 mg/L;
- (d) a concentration of copper of 0 mg/L-1.0 mg/L;
- (e) a concentration of aluminum of 0 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L;
- (f) a concentration of manganese of 0 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L;
- (g) a concentration of silver of 0 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L;
- (h) a concentration of zinc of 0 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L;
- (i) a carbonation level of 1 g-8 g C02 per Kilogram of the carbonated beverage;
- (j) a pH of about 2 to about 4.5; and
- (k) a shelf life of at least 2 weeks at room temperature.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (k). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (k).
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage of the present invention is characterized by one or more of the following:
- (a) an oxygen level below 100 ppb;
- (b) one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids in an amount of 0.1% to 25% by weight, wherein the one or more polyunsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid;
- (c) one or more antioxidants in an amount of 0.1% to 15% by weight;
- (d) one or more flavoring agent in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight;
- (e) a carbonation level of 1 g-8 g CO2 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage;
- (f) a pH of about 2 to about 4.5; and
- (g) a shelf life of at least 4 months at room temperature.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (g). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (g).
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage of the present invention is sealed in an aluminum bottle, wherein the carbonated beverage is characterized by one or more of the following:
- (a) an oxygen level below 25 ppb;
- (b) one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids in an amount of 0.1% to 25% by weight, wherein the one or more polyunsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid;
- (c) a carbonation level of 5 g-8 g CO2 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage;
- (d) a pH of about 2 to about 4.5; and
- (e) a shelf life of 12 months to 18 months at room temperature.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (e). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (e).
- In some embodiments, one serving of 8 oz of the carbonated beverage of the present invention is provided in a sealed aluminum bottle, wherein the carbonated beverage is characterized by one or more of the following:
- (a) an oxygen level below 15 ppb;
- (b) one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids in an amount of 0.1% to 25% by weight, wherein the one or more polyunsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid;
- (c) a carbonation level of 6 g-7 g CO2 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage;
- (d) a pH of about 2 to about 4.5;
- (e) a metal chelating agent of EDTA in an amount of 0.01% to about 1% by weight of the carbonated beverage; and
- (f) a shelf life of 15 months to 18 months at room temperature.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (f). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (f).
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage of the present invention is characterized by one or more of the following:
- (a) an oxygen level below 500 ppb;
- (b) one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids in an amount of 0.1% to 25% by weight, wherein the one or more polyunsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of is selected from the group consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid;
- (c) one or more antioxidants in an amount of 0.1% to 15% by weight; wherein the antioxidants is selected from the group consisting of vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids;
- (d) one or more flavoring agent (e.g., cola flavor) in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight;
- (e) one or more sweeteners (e.g., natural or artificial sweeteners described herein) in an amount of 0.1% to 15% by weight;
- (f) a carbonation level of 1 g-8 g CO2 per kilogram of the carbonated beverage;
- (g) a pH of about 2 to about 4.5;
- (h) a metal chelating agent of EDTA in an amount of 0.01% to about 1% by weight of the carbonated beverage; and
- (i) a shelf life of at least 4 months at room temperature.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by at least (a), (b), and (i). In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is characterized by all (a) through (f).
- Other carbonated beverages of the present invention can be readily ascertained by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure herein.
- Process of Preparing Beverages with Low Level of O2
- In one aspect, the invention is directed to a method of preparing a beverage (e.g., the carbonated beverages as described herein) comprising one or more unsaturated fatty acids. In some embodiments, the beverage is a carbonated beverage characterized by having an oxygen level below 500 ppb. In some embodiments, the beverage is a carbonated beverage containing one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- In some embodiments, the invention is directed to a method of producing a beverage comprising a beverage base and one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids. In some embodiments, the method comprising:
- a) providing a beverage base having an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb;
- b) providing a beverage component comprising the one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids, wherein the beverage component has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb; and
- c) mixing the beverage base and the beverage component.
- In some embodiments, the method further comprising
- d) carbonating and sealing the mixed beverage base and component in a container (e.g., as described herein) to form a sealed system,
- wherein the beverage in the sealed system has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb. In some embodiments, the beverage in the sealed system has an oxygen level of 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values. In some embodiments, the beverage in the sealed system has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb.
- In some embodiments, the beverage base is purified water (e.g., reverse osmosis purified water). In some embodiments, the beverage base is purified water (e.g., reverse osmosis purified water) mixed with one or more ingredients selected from vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, and surfactants. Suitable one or more ingredients and the amount thereof are described herein.
- In some embodiments, the beverage base has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the beverage base has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb.
- The beverage base with the above indicated low oxygen level can be produced by various techniques. In some embodiments, the beverage base with low oxygen level (e.g., described herein) can be produced by removing dissolved oxygen through membrane contactor. Useful membrane contactors include any of those known in the art for removing oxygen from a liquid. For example, any of the commercially available membrane contactors (e.g., Liqui-Cel membrane contactor) can be used for removing dissolved oxygen from the beverage base. In some embodiments, the membrane contactor process can be repeated until the oxygen level in the beverage base reaches a targeted level, for example, 0 ppb to about 25 ppb. Other deaeration techniques can also be used, either alone or in conjunction with membrane contactor, to remove dissolved oxygen from the beverage base.
- The beverage component used in the process comprises one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., described herein). In some embodiments, the beverage component is a beverage concentrate to be diluted with the beverage base, wherein the beverage concentrate includes the one or more PUFAs in water, optionally containing one or more other desired ingredients (e.g., sweeteners (e.g., fructose, cola syrup), flavoring agent (e.g., cola flavor), acids (e.g., cola acid, H3PO4), metal chelating agent etc.)) for the beverage. Suitable PUFAs and suitable other ingredients and amounts thereof are described herein. In some embodiments, the PUFA(s) is EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof.
- The beverage component can also be processed such that the oxygen level is from 0 ppb to 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the beverage component has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb. In some embodiments, the beverage concentrate has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the beverage concentrate has an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb. In some embodiments, the beverage concentrate, when stored in a sealed container (e.g., described herein), has a shelf life of at least two weeks (e.g., about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) at room temperature. As exemplified in the Examples section, shelf stability of the carbonated beverages increases as the level of oxygen decreases. When the oxygen level is in between 0 ppb to 15 ppb, the shelf life of the carbonated beverage is as long as 15 months to 18 months. Thus, in some embodiments, the carbonated beverage is produced such that the oxygen level is as low as possible, for example, approaching 0 and below 20 ppb. Methods for preparing carbonated beverages having oxygen level approaching 0 and below 20 ppb include those described herein.
- In some embodiments, wherein the beverage component is a beverage concentrate, dissolved oxygen in the beverage concentrate can also be removed through membrane contactor. Useful membrane contactors include any of those known in the art for removing oxygen from a liquid. For example, any of the commercially available membrane contactors (e.g., Liqui-Cel membrane contactor) can be used for removing dissolved oxygen from the beverage component. In some embodiments, the membrane contactor process can be repeated until the oxygen level in the beverage component reaches targeted level, for example, 0 ppb to about 25 ppb. Other deaeration techniques can also be used, either alone or in conjunction with membrane contactor, to remove dissolved oxygen from the beverage component.
- In some embodiments, if necessary, the method of preparing the beverage described herein can include removing dissolved oxygen from the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component by vacuum. The vacuum step can be an integral part of the membrane contactor step or a separate step.
- The beverage base and component with low oxygen level can then be mixed and proceed to the carbonation process. In some embodiments, the method includes carbonating the beverage to achieve a carbonated level of about 1 g-about 8 g (e.g., about 1 g, about 1.5 g, about 2 g, about 2.5 g, about 3 g, about 3.5 g, about 4 g, about 4.5 g, about 5 g, about 5.5 g, about 6 g, about 6.5 g, about 7 g, about 7.5 g, about 8 g, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) CO2 per kilogram of the beverage. Carbonation processes for beverages are well-known in the art. Different machinery for carbonation, filling, and capping are known to those skilled in the art, which can be used for the preparation of the carbonated beverage disclosed herein.
- Without bound by theories, it is believed that when CO2 is injected into the beverage utilizing, for example, carbonating stones under pressure, the pressure tank is vented from the top where the oxygen collects. Thus, this process (pressure vessel evacuation) can remove O2 from the beverage. This process can be repeated if necessary to achieve a desired targeted O2 level. Samples of the beverage can be tested for O2 levels. Once the targeted O2 level (e.g., described herein) is reached, the beverage can then proceed to a bottling and capping process to afford a finished beverage product in a sealed container (e.g., a sealed aluminum bottle).
- In some embodiments, the method of preparing the beverage described herein include a step of adding a metal chelating agent (e.g., EDTA) to the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component. Certain commercially available acids (e.g., H3PO4) contain metals. Without bound by theories, it is believed that adding metal chelating agent can help stabilizing the beverage composition. Suitable metal chelating agents include those known in the art. For example, the metal chelating agent can be EDTA. Suitable amount of metal chelating agents (e.g., EDTA) are described herein.
- In some embodiments, the method also includes a step of purging the beverage base, the beverage component, or the mixed beverage base and component by inert gas (e.g., N2); purging the beverage with inert gas (e.g., N2) before sealing the mixed beverage base and component in the container; or a combination thereof.
- In some embodiments, the beverage comprises at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, ingestible acids, colorants, phytochemicals, micronutrients, carotenoids, sweeteners, caffeine, flavoring agents, and surfactants. In some embodiments, the at least one ingredient is provided in a form having an oxygen level of 0 ppb to 500 ppb (e.g., 0 ppb, about 10 ppb, about 15 ppb, about 20 ppb, about 25 ppb, about 50 ppb, about 100 ppb, about 150 ppb, about 200 ppb, about 250 ppb, about 300 ppb, about 350 ppb, about 400 ppb, about 450 ppb, about 500 ppb, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values). In some embodiments, the at least one ingredient is provided in a form having an oxygen level of 0 ppb to about 25 ppb. the at least one ingredient is provided in a form having an oxygen level of 10 ppb to about 50 ppb.
- The method described herein above can be used to prepare the beverage (e.g., described herein) with a low oxygen level and with a sufficient shelf life for commercial use. In some embodiments, the beverage thus prepared has a shelf life of at least two weeks (e.g., about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, about 7 months, about 8 months, about 9 months, about 10 months, about 11 months, about 12 months, about 13 months, about 14 months, about 15 months, about 16 months, about 17 months, about 18 months, about 24 months, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) at room temperature. In some embodiments, the beverage prepared has a shelf life of about 12 months to about 18 months. In some embodiments, the beverage prepared has a shelf life of about 15 months to about 18 months.
- It has been determined that when omegas are combined with a carbonated beverage product a complex chemical reaction occurs. This reaction happens over time regardless of adding chelating agents and preservatives. The omega molecule reacts with oxygen in the product both in the filling process and over time in the final product in the container. The omegas can react with oxygen immediately and with discernible taste problems in 4 days and up to four weeks or beyond depending on the amount of oxygen found in the product during or following manufacturing. Water can absorb oxygen. The effect of utilizing water that is oxygenated creates a negative taste profile that builds over time. It has been found that the oxygen levels utilized by current carbonated drink companies are too high for making a carbonated drink product comprising omega that can have an acceptable taste and shelf life. In certain embodiments of the invention by utilizing water oxygen filtration processes and removing oxygen below that of 500 parts per billion (ppb) or below (for the carbonated drink comprising omega and any unfilled volume in container) the shelf life and taste profile and stability is substantially extended.
- In a first embodiment a carbonated drink product comprising omega was produced in part by utilizing a water oxygen filtration process to remove oxygen down to 500 parts per billion or below (for the carbonated drink comprising omega and any unfilled volume in container) the shelf life and taste profile is substantially extended beyond 48 hours. The process of reducing the oxygen level was with a nitrogen pre and post purge. Such a system is further explained below. The carbonated drink product comprising omega was placed into a sealed air tight aluminum container.
- In a second embodiment a carbonated drink product comprising omega was produced in part by utilizing a water oxygen filtration process to remove oxygen down to 250 parts per billion or below (for the carbonated drink comprising omega and any unfilled volume in container) the shelf life and taste profile is substantially extended beyond 48 hours. The process of reducing the oxygen level was with a nitrogen pre and post purge. This time the nitrogen pre and post purge were performed under more stringent conditions. Such a system is further explained below. The carbonated drink product comprising omega was placed into a sealed air tight aluminum container.
- In a third embodiment carbonated drink product comprising omega was produced in part by utilizing a water oxygen filtration process to remove oxygen down to 100 parts per billion or below (for the carbonated drink comprising omega and any unfilled volume in container) the shelf life and taste profile is substantially extended beyond 48 hours. The process of reducing the oxygen level was with a nitrogen pre and post purge. This time in addition to the nitrogen pre purge, nitrogen post purge an omega pre doser technique was also used. Such a system is further explained below. The carbonated drink product comprising omega was placed into a sealed air tight aluminum container.
- In some embodiments, the Invention disclosed herein uses one or more of the following process steps. These are not intended to be a production order. It has been found that the use of one or more of these steps provides the invention with a very unique and satisfying taste that can be maintained over time in a stored sealed container and having a very acceptable shelf life.
- Since oxygen removal is a key to the shelf life and taste profile needed, the use of nitrogen pre-purge and post-purge can provide the protection needed for our product. It is important to accurately measure oxygen to ensure oxygen is displaced in the process. Since almost complete removal of oxygen from the water is the goal, the nitrogen purge could allow further protect of the product.
- Oxygen can come out of solution and concentrate in the headspace of the bottle. Headspace is defined as the area of gas above the beverage inside the sealed bottle after filling. The concentrated oxygen can then react with the omega and cause a reaction effecting taste and product stability.
- In a production environment protecting the omegas from oxygen exposure and emulsification damage is one of the key components to a successful shelf life and taste profile that is required. We have learned that the ability to “dose” omegas either in a pre or post production may be required. This will protect the omegas from damage in their encapsulated state and allow the consumer to have an experience that does not include any after taste often associated with omega consumption.
- Pre dosing omega is another valid way to add the omega after the carbonation process where it can bond with oxygen. Omega is dosed into a bottle purged of oxygen with methods like CO2 purging, nitrogen purging or other inert gas purging.
- Gas control is an important concern in the beverage industry. Oxygen in the water can oxidize flavor components and shorten the shelf life of the product. Carbon dioxide can also have an impact on taste and pH of the product. Membrane Contactors utilize a hydrophobic polypropylene membrane to remove dissolved gasses from water. Water flows on one side of the membrane and a vacuum or strip gas is passed on the other side of the membrane. By controlling the pressures of gasses in contact with the water, a highly efficient method for gas control can be achieved. Membrane contactors are widely accepted to control gas levels in liquids used in the soft drink and brewing industries.
- Up until World War II, distilling sea water to fresh water was time consuming and expensive in fuel. The saying was: “It takes one gallon of fuel to make one gallon of fresh water.” Shortly before the war, Dr. R. V. Kleinschmidt developed the compression still, that became known as the Kleinschmidt Still, for extracting fresh water from sea water or contaminated water. By compressing the steam produced by boiling water, 175 gallons of fresh water could be extracted from sea water for every gallon of fuel used. During World War II this unit became standard on Allied ships and on trailer mounts for armies. This method was in widespread use for ships and portable water distilling units during the latter half of the century. Modern vessels now use flash-type evaporators to boil sea water, heating the water to between 70-80 C and evaporating the water in a vacuum—this is then collected as condensation before being stored.
- Keeping a vacuum is critical as the pure water will readily absorb additional oxygen.
- One way for oxygen to react with omega is unstable columnar stability defined as when an oil is emulsified in a liquid improperly and creates small droplets in suspension. These droplets can trap and capture oxygen and lead to instability. Removal of oxygen can reduce this factor and add increased shelf life.
- In some embodiments, the invention provides a carbonation level that is higher with the invention than other carbonated cola drinks.
- In some embodiments, the carbonated level for the invention is targeted to be within the range of 3.5-4.5 CO2 per volume per sealed container. Some carbonated cola beverages target their range of CO2 at 3.5. The carbonation level required for the invention is higher than other carbonated cola beverages.
- Invert of at least 10 hours not greater than 20 hours can be required.
- In some embodiments, one of the key factors producing the bold flavor that is required is the invert process for the cola flavor and syrup. This invert process creates the bold flavor as it mixes the flavor oils with the acid. Omegas and Vitamins can then be added after the invert has taken place. EDTA can be mixed with omegas in pre-mix.
- In order to extend shelf life and ensure the taste, in some embodiments, the invention mixes the EDTA early in the process. This EDTA can be premixed with omegas prior to the production of the product and thus protects the omegas as they enter the production environment.
- Bottles may be plastic or aluminum; however conventional plastic bottles are permeable thus this is a major disadvantage in controlling oxygen. Therefore, if a plastic bottle is used, it must be coated or a higher thickness to ensure the lowest permeability to oxygen possible. Aluminum or metal cans are preferred. Whether the container is made of plastic or metal, an air tight top, cap or lid seal is required.
- As readily apparent to those skilled in the art, any of the steps or processes discussed in Method 2 can be optionally combined with the steps described in Method 1, and vice versa.
- Unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega fatty acids or PUFAs) are known to be of nutritional value and offers medical benefits. In one aspect, the invention also provides a method of supplementing dietary to a subject (e.g., a human). In some embodiments, the method comprises administering the subject a carbonated beverage (e.g., as described herein). In some embodiments, one to five servings (e.g., each serving can be of 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz) of the carbonated beverage are administered daily. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises EPA. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises ALA. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof.
- Omega fatty acids such as EPA were known to provide benefit in lowering triglyceride. For example, Epanova is an FDA approved prescription medication used alongside a low fat and low cholesterol diet that lowers high triglyceride (fat) levels in adults. Epanova is derived from fish oil and an ultra pure mixture of the free fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (in about 15-25%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (in about 50-60%). Other drugs with omega fatty acids approved for this indication includes Lovaza and Vascepa. In one aspect, the present invention also provides a method of lowering triglyceride in a subject (e.g., a human) in need thereof. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering the subject a carbonated beverage (e.g., as described herein). In some embodiments, one to five servings (e.g., each serving can be of 7.5 oz, 8 oz, 8.5 oz, 10 oz, 10.5 oz, 12 oz, 14 oz, 16 oz, 18 oz, or 20 oz) of the carbonated beverage are administered daily. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises EPA. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the carbonated beverage comprises EPA and DHA, with a ratio of EPA to DHA of about 1:10 to 10:1 (e.g., 1:10, 1:5, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, or any ranges based on these specified numeric values) by weight calculated based on the free fatty acids. In some embodiments, the EPA, DHA, ALA, or any combination thereof are in free fatty acids form. In some embodiments, the EPA, ALA, DHA, or any combination thereof are in the form of ethyl ester.
- Other benefits associated with omega fatty acids and PUFAs are known in the art. A person of ordinary skill in the art would readily appreciate that the carbonated beverages described herein can be extended to provide any of such known benefits associated with omega fatty acids and PUFAs. Thus, in some embodiments, the invention is also directed to providing any known benefits associated with omega fatty acids and/or PUFAs comprising administering the carbonated beverages described herein.
- Carbonation processes for beverages are known in the art. Different machinery for carbonation, filling, and capping are known to those skilled in the art, which can be used for the preparation of carbonated beverage disclosed herein.
- Briefly, filtered water is purified utilizing reverse osmosis to remove impurities such as iron and heavy metals. Next the beverage ingredients (i.e., flavor, acid, sweetener, omega fatty acids, and any other additional ingredients) and water are mixed and blended, which then are carbonated and enter the filler. Bottles are transported to a conveyor that feeds them to a rinser to remove debris and then are transported to the filler. Upon entering the filler the bottle is sealed against the filling heads. With a strong seal the bottle then is purged of oxygen utilizing CO2 and counter pressure. The pressure of the bottle is now greater than the pressure of the product inside the filler. Product in the bowl of the filler is pressurized with CO2 at or slightly above the desired volumes of carbonation for the final product. Releasing the pressure inside the bottle allows the bottle to fill with carbonated product and displaces oxygen. When the desired fill height is reached the bottle comes out of contact with the fill head and then is sealed utilizing a closure. In some processes as an added protection against oxygen a post dose blanket of inert gas is used to purge the head space of the bottle before the bottle is sealed. In some processes a drop of processed reverse osmosis water with oxygen removed is dripped into the container, generating a release of C02 to off gas and overflow the headspace of the bottle to ensure oxygen does not enter before the closure is sealed.
- Water, H2O, has the ability to absorb gasses, such as oxygen. Thus, to obtain low levels of oxygen in the final beverage product, the process we removed as much oxygen as is necessary and replaced it with inert gas such as CO2. In particular, ingredients were mixed into a stainless steel pressure vessel and then air was purged by adding CO2 from the bottom and purged from the top of the vessel.
- For example, various beverage ingredients were then added into a pressure vessel then cooled down to 33° F. At this cold temperature, carbonation of water is more efficient. CO2 was injected into the product column utilizing carbonating stones and also a CO2 pipe and shaken under pressure. As the CO2 was added, the pressure tank was vented from the top where the oxygen collects. Thus, this process removes O2 from the product.
- When samples testing shows between 0-100 PPB and the product reaches 4.0 volumes of carbonation, the process is complete. The product can then proceed to bottling and capping to form a finished product.
- Each time CO2 is added for carbonation, oxygen is displaced. With agitation, the process can be repeated to remove dissolved oxygen until it reaches certain predetermined level.
- The oxygen level of the carbonated beverages can be determined readily by those skilled in the art. For example, the oxygen levels can be tested by using commercially available dissolved oxygen meters such as AquaTrace™ ppb Dissolved Oxygen System from Thermo Scientific Inc. or 3650 ORBISPHERE Portable ppb EC O2 analyzer—beverage, from Hach.
- Shelf life testing can be performed two ways, real time or accelerated shelf life testing. Real time testing follows the following general procedure. First, when product is bottled, oxygen level is measured. The bottled product is then held at room temperature. Standard conditions for temperature and pressure are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. Here, the test is carried out at room temperature, which is set at 20° C. plus or minus 1° C. At weekly intervals, the products were physically tasted to see if there were noticeable off notes or bad flavor.
- For accelerated shelf life testing, individual batches were made, which were tested for oxygen. The samples were then incubated in a lab incubator with temperatures set at between 45° C. to 50° C. Samples were also tasted at weekly intervals. The data can be correlated with room temperature testing data using a time temperature correlation. For example, a sample that is stable at 45° C. to 50° C. for 8 weeks may be calculated to have a stability of 6 months when placed at room temperature.
- The stability testing results are shown below in Table 1.
-
TABLE 1 Relationship between Stability of Cola Drinks having above average and lower than current production Dissolved Oxygen Levels for omega 3 EPA and DHA: Stability* Dissolved Oxygen Levels Stable for 1-3 Weeks 2000 ppb-2400 ppb Stable for 1-2 Months 669 ppb-800 ppb Stable for 12-14 Months 10 ppb-25 ppb Stable for 15-18 Months 0 ppb-15 ppb *Stability shown in this table refers to accelerated test results as described above. - Table 1 shows that carbonated beverages containing omega fatty acids achieved long shelf stability when the dissolved oxygen level is low, such as below 25 ppb.
- The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present invention. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance.
- The breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
- All of the various aspects, embodiments, and options described herein can be combined in any and all variations.
- All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Claims (21)
1-68. (canceled)
69. A carbonated drink comprising:
water;
flavoring;
omega;
carbon dioxide (CO2); and
an oxygen (O2) level of less than 500 ppb.
70. The carbonated drink of claim 69 , further comprising artificial or natural sweetener.
71. The carbonated drink of claim 69 , wherein the CO2 is present in an amount ranging from 1 g CO2 to 8 g CO2 per kilogram of carbonated drink.
72. The carbonated drink of claim 69 , wherein the CO2 is present in an amount higher than 3.5 v/v % up to 4.5 v/v %.
73. The carbonated drink of claim 69 , wherein the O2 level is less than 250 ppb.
74. The carbonated drink of claim 69 , wherein the O2 level is less than 100 ppb.
75. The carbonated drink of claim 69 , wherein the omega is omega 3, omega 6, and/or omega 9.
76. The carbonated drink of claim 69 , wherein the omega is omega 3 and/or omega 6.
77. The carbonated drink of claim 69 , wherein the omega is omega 3 and/or omega 9.
78. The carbonated drink of claim 69 , further comprising vitamin(s) or mineral(s).
79. The carbonated drink of claim 69 having a shelf life of 3 months or more.
80. A method of preparing a carbonated drink comprising:
combining deoxygenated water with omega;
dispensing the deoxygenated water and the omega into a bottle before, during, and/or after the combining;
purging oxygen (O2) to a level of less than 500 ppb by:
(i) performing O2 filtration of the deoxygenated water before, during, and/or after the combining;
(ii) exposing the deoxygenated water and/or contents of the bottle to inert gas before, during, and/or after the dispensing;
(iii) carbonating the deoxygenated water with carbon dioxide (CO2) before, during, and/or after the combining; and/or
(iv) exposing any headspace of the bottle to inert gas before, during, and/or after the dispensing; and
producing a carbonated drink comprising less than 500 ppb oxygen as a result of the above steps.
81. The method of claim 80 comprising:
performing the O2 filtration before the combining;
carbonating with CO2 after the combining; and/or
exposing the headspace of the bottle to inert gas after the dispensing.
82. The method of claim 80 , wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or CO2.
83. The method of claim 80 , further comprising adding cola flavoring.
84. The method of claim 80 , wherein the omega comprises omega 3 and/or omega 6.
85. The method of claim 80 , wherein the omega comprises omega 3, omega 6, and/or omega 9.
86. The method of claim 80 , wherein the omega comprises omega 3 and/or omega 9.
87. The method of claim 80 , wherein the omega is dispensed after performing one or more of steps (i), (ii), (iii), and/or (iv).
88. The method of claim 80 , wherein the carbonated drink has a shelf life of 3 months or more.
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US20150173410A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Change Cola, Inc. | Beverage comprising omega fatty acid |
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2015
- 2015-08-14 WO PCT/US2015/045380 patent/WO2016025898A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-08-14 MX MX2017002003A patent/MX2017002003A/en unknown
- 2015-08-14 AU AU2015301478A patent/AU2015301478A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-08-14 EP EP15831858.4A patent/EP3179866A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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2020
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EP3179866A1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
US20170251701A1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
WO2016025898A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
EP3179866A4 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
AU2015301478A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
US10645956B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
MX2017002003A (en) | 2017-11-22 |
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