US20200229144A1 - Resource reservation techniques for wireless communications - Google Patents

Resource reservation techniques for wireless communications Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200229144A1
US20200229144A1 US16/737,775 US202016737775A US2020229144A1 US 20200229144 A1 US20200229144 A1 US 20200229144A1 US 202016737775 A US202016737775 A US 202016737775A US 2020229144 A1 US2020229144 A1 US 2020229144A1
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Prior art keywords
data packet
transmission
resources
resource
wireless device
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US16/737,775
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English (en)
Inventor
Arjun Bharadwaj
Tien Viet Nguyen
Kapil Gulati
Sudhir Kumar Baghel
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Priority to US16/737,775 priority Critical patent/US20200229144A1/en
Priority to CN202410112113.4A priority patent/CN117896828A/zh
Priority to CN202080007854.6A priority patent/CN113261313B/zh
Priority to PCT/US2020/012953 priority patent/WO2020146649A1/en
Priority to EP20704140.1A priority patent/EP3909332A1/en
Publication of US20200229144A1 publication Critical patent/US20200229144A1/en
Assigned to QUALCOMM INCORPORATED reassignment QUALCOMM INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BHARADWAJ, ARJUN, NGUYEN, Tien Viet, BAGHEL, SUDHIR KUMAR, GULATI, KAPIL
Priority to US18/075,703 priority patent/US20230093854A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/26—Resource reservation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H04W72/0406—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/53—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on regulatory allocation policies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/18—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between terminal devices

Definitions

  • the following relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to resource reservation techniques for wireless communications.
  • Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power).
  • Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems.
  • 4G systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems
  • 5G systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems.
  • a wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations or network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE).
  • UE user equipment
  • Wireless communications systems may include or support networks used for direct communications between wireless devices, e.g., direct communications between multiple UEs.
  • Examples of direct communications include, but are not limited to, device-to-device (D2D) communications, vehicle-based communications, which may also be referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, cellular V2X (C-V2X) networks, and the like.
  • D2D device-to-device
  • V2X vehicle-based communications
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • C-V2X cellular V2X
  • Some wireless communications systems may support communications for a number of UEs, which may result in collisions or other interference on resources utilized by multiple UEs. Further, some UEs may operate according to a half-duplexing mode such that the UE may be unable to transmit and receive signals at the same time due to the effects of interference between an incoming transmission and an outgoing transmission.
  • resources may be assigned to UEs periodically (e.g., based on a predefined periodicity) and the resources of a certain time interval may be reserved for one or more UEs. Scheduling resources in this manner may be inefficient and may result in poor performance (e.g., in cases where data packet size varies and resource allocation sizes are fixed).
  • the described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support resource reservation techniques for wireless communications.
  • the described techniques provide for allocation of resources using dynamic resource avoidance and slot aggregation.
  • the described techniques may enable a user equipment (UE) in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system (or other systems such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, cellular V2X (C-V2X) networks, and the like) to reliably and dynamically reserve resources for varying packet sizes in both periodic and aperiodic communications.
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • C-V2X cellular V2X
  • a UE may transmit via resources using slot aggregation according to a link budget, where the UE may transmit or receive data in each slot of multiple consecutive slots.
  • Such transmissions using slot aggregation may increase the likelihood that a receiver (e.g., a UE, a base station) will successfully de
  • a UE may identify a data packet to transmit to another UE (e.g., in sidelink communications) and determine a set of candidate resources for transmission of the data packet based on a resource map. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may select resources from the resource map in accordance with a reservation scheme (e.g., a resource avoidance scheme), which may involve selecting resources that are unoccupied by other UEs in the V2X system. In some examples, the UE may transmit a reservation indication indicating resources to be reserved for subsequent transmissions (e.g., retransmission) and a UE receiving the reservation indication may update a respective resource map.
  • the selected resources may include multiple slots such that the data packet is encoded across the multiple slots.
  • a method of wireless communications may include identifying, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, the data packet associated with a first latency type, identifying a set of candidate transmission time intervals for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type, selecting, from the set of candidate transmission time intervals, a set of transmission time intervals for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system, and transmitting the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of transmission time intervals.
  • the apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory.
  • the instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, the data packet associated with a first latency type, identify a set of candidate transmission time intervals for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type, select, from the set of candidate transmission time intervals, a set of transmission time intervals for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system, and transmit the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of transmission time intervals.
  • the apparatus may include means for identifying, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, the data packet associated with a first latency type, identifying a set of candidate transmission time intervals for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type, selecting, from the set of candidate transmission time intervals, a set of transmission time intervals for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system, and transmitting the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of transmission time intervals.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described.
  • the code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, the data packet associated with a first latency type, identify a set of candidate transmission time intervals for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type, select, from the set of candidate transmission time intervals, a set of transmission time intervals for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system, and transmit the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of transmission time intervals.
  • a method of wireless communications may include identifying, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, transmitting the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of transmission time intervals based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, selecting, at the time of transmission of the data packet, a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet based at least in part on a resource window and a latency type associated with the second data packet, and transmitting a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet.
  • the apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory.
  • the instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, transmit the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of transmission time intervals based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, select, at the time of transmission of the data packet, a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet based at least in part on a resource window and a latency type associated with the second data packet, and transmit a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet.
  • the apparatus may include means for identifying, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, transmitting the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of transmission time intervals based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, selecting, at the time of transmission of the data packet, a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet based at least in part on a resource window and a latency type associated with the second data packet, and transmitting a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described.
  • the code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, transmit the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of transmission time intervals based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, select, at the time of transmission of the data packet, a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet based at least in part on a resource window and a latency type associated with the second data packet, and transmit a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a resource avoidance mechanism that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of slot aggregation that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a process flow that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a resource reservation manager that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 10 through 15 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless communications devices operating in a sidelink communications system may communicate with each other using the same frequency band.
  • a user equipment (UE) within a V2X system may attempt to receive communications from each neighboring UE in order to maintain accurate system information (e.g., to receive data for autonomous driving applications).
  • a UE in a V2X system may operate according to a half-duplex mode during reception and/or transmission of data, where the UE may be unable to concurrently transmit and receive data.
  • a V2X system may employ a dynamic resource scheduling scheme to utilize available frequency resources and meet scheduling constraints imposed by half duplexing.
  • a UE within a V2X system may decode control channel transmissions from other UEs within the system in order to obtain information regarding the resources occupied by each respective UE.
  • a UE may maintain a resource map containing information regarding occupied resources, and may use this map to select resources for its own transmissions.
  • a UE may randomly select resources based on a hierarchy of rules and the resource map. For instance, a UE may select transmission resources that do not coincide with a transmission time interval (TTI) selected by any other UE.
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • the UE may select resources that coincide in time with a retransmission of data by another UE (e.g., instead of an initial transmission of data), may select resources that belong to a UE that is sufficiently far away (e.g., based on measurement(s) of received signal(s) from other UEs) from the transmitting UE, may select resources that are unoccupied but coincide in time with another transmission, or may select resources that are occupied by a transmission of a lower priority.
  • a UE may randomly select resources for transmission of a data packet to another UE, or may select resources based on the latency requirement of the data packet. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may select resources for transmission of a data packet based on a priority of the data packet.
  • the UE may reserve the selected resources for transmission of the data packet, which may involve the UE transmitting a reservation indication that indicates the selected resources reserved for transmission of the data packet.
  • Other UEs e.g., neighboring UEs in the V2X system
  • a resource map may be maintained at each UE individually and may be updated as reservation from other UEs are received.
  • a UE may receive control messages (e.g., transmitted via a control channel) from other UEs in the V2X system. The UE may decode the received control message and determine the resources that are currently reserved by the other UEs. Based on the resources reserved by other UEs, a UE may determine resources to utilize for transmission of a data packet (e.g., based on a resource avoidance mechanism involving random selection or earliest available resources, among other factors).
  • the described techniques may support improvements in system efficiency such that a device may avoid inefficiently continuing to use resources occupied by another device and instead may use resources that are unoccupied. Additionally or alternatively, the device may use resources that are occupied with low priority data packets or are occupied with data packets that are unlikely to cause interference (e.g., data packets from another device that is a threshold distance away from the device). These techniques may allow a device to transmit data packets with a higher likelihood of successful reception due to reduced risk of interference, which may result in improved network efficiency.
  • a device implementing the described techniques may be associated with fewer retransmissions than a traditional device due to the higher likelihood of successful reception of the data packets of the device, resulting in increased power savings as a result of the fewer retransmissions.
  • supported techniques may include improved network operations and, in some examples, may promote device and network efficiencies, among other benefits.
  • aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects are then described with respect to resource avoidance mechanism and slot aggregation. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to resource reservation techniques for wireless communications.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 includes base stations 105 , UEs 115 , and a core network 130 .
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • LTE-A Pro LTE-Advanced Pro
  • NR New Radio
  • wireless communications system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, or communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.
  • ultra-reliable e.g., mission critical
  • Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one or more base station antennas.
  • Base stations 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology.
  • Wireless communications system 100 may include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations).
  • the UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, and the like.
  • Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular geographic coverage area 110 in which communications with various UEs 115 is supported. Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 via communication links 125 , and communication links 125 between a base station 105 and a UE 115 may utilize one or more carriers. Communication links 125 shown in wireless communications system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105 , or downlink transmissions from a base station 105 to a UE 115 . Downlink transmissions may also be called forward link transmissions while uplink transmissions may also be called reverse link transmissions.
  • the geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may be divided into sectors making up a portion of the geographic coverage area 110 , and each sector may be associated with a cell.
  • each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or various combinations thereof.
  • a base station 105 may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area 110 .
  • different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, and overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by the same base station 105 or by different base stations 105 .
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A/LTE-A Pro or NR network in which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110 .
  • the term “cell” refers to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station 105 (e.g., over a carrier), and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID)) operating via the same or a different carrier.
  • a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access for different types of devices.
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • NB-IoT narrowband Internet-of-Things
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • the term “cell” may refer to a portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical entity operates.
  • UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system 100 , and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile.
  • a UE 115 may also be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client.
  • a UE 115 may also be a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • a UE 115 may also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or an MTC device, or the like, which may be implemented in various articles such as appliances, vehicles, meters, or the like.
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • IoE Internet of Everything
  • MTC massive machine type communications
  • Some UEs 115 may be low cost or low complexity devices, and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication).
  • M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station 105 without human intervention.
  • M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay that information to a central server or application program that can make use of the information or present the information to humans interacting with the program or application.
  • Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
  • Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception simultaneously). In some examples half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power saving “deep sleep” mode when not engaging in active communications, or operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications). In some cases, UEs 115 may be designed to support critical functions (e.g., mission critical functions), and a wireless communications system 100 may be configured to provide ultra-reliable communications for these functions.
  • critical functions e.g., mission critical functions
  • a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device (D2D) protocol).
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • D2D device-to-device
  • One or more of a group of UEs 115 utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105 .
  • Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105 , or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 105 .
  • groups of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group.
  • a base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications.
  • D2D communications are carried out between UEs 115 without the involvement of a base station 105 .
  • Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with one another.
  • base stations 105 may interface with the core network 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another interface).
  • Base stations 105 may communicate with one another over backhaul links 134 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105 ) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130 ).
  • the core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions.
  • the core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), which may include at least one mobility management entity (MME), at least one serving gateway (S-GW), and at least one Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW).
  • the MME may manage non-access stratum (e.g., control plane) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the EPC.
  • User IP packets may be transferred through the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW.
  • the P-GW may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions.
  • the P-GW may be connected to the network operators IP services.
  • the operators IP services may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched (PS) Streaming Service.
  • IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
  • At least some of the network devices may include subcomponents such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC).
  • Each access network entity may communicate with UEs 115 through a number of other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, or a transmission/reception point (TRP).
  • TRP transmission/reception point
  • various functions of each access network entity or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station 105 ).
  • Wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz).
  • MHz megahertz
  • GHz gigahertz
  • UHF ultra-high frequency
  • the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band, since the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length.
  • UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features. However, the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g., less than 100 km) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
  • HF high frequency
  • VHF very high frequency
  • Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band.
  • SHF region includes bands such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, which may be used opportunistically by devices that may be capable of tolerating interference from other users.
  • ISM bands 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical bands
  • Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UEs 115 and base stations 105 , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be even smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some cases, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE 115 .
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. Techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
  • wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands.
  • wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz ISM band.
  • LAA License Assisted Access
  • LTE-U LTE-Unlicensed
  • NR NR technology
  • an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz ISM band.
  • wireless devices such as base stations 105 and UEs 115 may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) procedures to ensure a frequency channel is clear before transmitting data.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA).
  • Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or a combination of these.
  • Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on frequency division duplexing (FDD), time division duplexing (TDD), or a combination of both.
  • FDD frequency division duplexing
  • TDD time division duplexing
  • base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming.
  • wireless communications system 100 may use a transmission scheme between a transmitting device (e.g., a base station 105 ) and a receiving device (e.g., a UE 115 ), where the transmitting device is equipped with multiple antennas and the receiving device is equipped with one or more antennas.
  • MIMO communications may employ multipath signal propagation to increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers, which may be referred to as spatial multiplexing.
  • the multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas.
  • Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream, and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams.
  • Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting.
  • MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
  • SU-MIMO single-user MIMO
  • MU-MIMO multiple-user MIMO
  • Beamforming which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station 105 or a UE 115 ) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam or receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device.
  • Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference.
  • the adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying certain amplitude and phase offsets to signals carried via each of the antenna elements associated with the device.
  • the adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation).
  • a base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115 .
  • some signals e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals
  • Some signals may be transmitted by a base station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE 115 ).
  • the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based at least in in part on a signal that was transmitted in different beam directions.
  • a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station 105 in different directions, and the UE 115 may report to the base station 105 an indication of the signal it received with a highest signal quality, or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
  • a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115 ), or transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).
  • a receiving device may try multiple receive beams when receiving various signals from the base station 105 , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals.
  • a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive beams or receive directions.
  • a receiving device may use a single receive beam to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal).
  • the single receive beam may be aligned in a beam direction determined based at least in part on listening according to different receive beam directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio, or otherwise acceptable signal quality based at least in part on listening according to multiple beam directions).
  • the antennas of a base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays, which may support MIMO operations, or transmit or receive beamforming.
  • one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower.
  • antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may be located in diverse geographic locations.
  • a base station 105 may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115 .
  • a UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations.
  • wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack.
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels.
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels.
  • the MAC layer may also use hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a base station 105 or core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.
  • UEs 115 and base stations 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully.
  • HARQ feedback is one technique of increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly over a communication link 125 .
  • HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)).
  • FEC forward error correction
  • ARQ automatic repeat request
  • HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., poor signal-to-noise conditions).
  • a wireless device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
  • the radio frames may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023.
  • SFN system frame number
  • Each frame may include 10 subframes numbered from 0 to 9, and each subframe may have a duration of 1 ms.
  • a subframe may be further divided into 2 slots each having a duration of 0.5 ms, and each slot may contain 6 or 7 modulation symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain 2048 sampling periods.
  • a subframe may be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 , and may be referred to as a TTI.
  • a smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be shorter than a subframe or may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) or in selected component carriers using sTTIs).
  • a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols.
  • a symbol of a mini-slot or a mini-slot may be the smallest unit of scheduling.
  • Each symbol may vary in duration depending on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation, for example.
  • some wireless communications systems may implement slot aggregation in which multiple slots or mini-slots are aggregated together and used for communication between a UE 115 and a base station 105 .
  • carrier refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communications over a communication link 125 .
  • a carrier of a communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band that is operated according to physical layer channels for a given radio access technology. Each physical layer channel may carry user data, control information, or other signaling.
  • a carrier may be associated with a pre-defined frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN)), and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by UEs 115 .
  • E-UTRA evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access
  • E-UTRA absolute radio frequency channel number
  • Carriers may be downlink or uplink (e.g., in an FDD mode), or be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode).
  • signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple sub-carriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)).
  • MCM multi-carrier modulation
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • DFT-S-OFDM discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM
  • the organizational structure of the carriers may be different for different radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). For example, communications over a carrier may be organized according to TTIs or slots, each of which may include user data as well as control information or signaling to support decoding the user data.
  • a carrier may also include dedicated acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals or system information, etc.) and control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier.
  • acquisition signaling e.g., synchronization signals or system information, etc.
  • control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier.
  • a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers.
  • Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques.
  • a physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques.
  • control information transmitted in a physical control channel may be distributed between different control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between a common control region or common search space and one or more UE-specific control regions or UE-specific search spaces).
  • a carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100 .
  • the carrier bandwidth may be one of a number of predetermined bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 MHz).
  • each served UE 115 may be configured for operating over portions or all of the carrier bandwidth.
  • some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a predefined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or RBs) within a carrier (e.g., “in-band” deployment of a narrowband protocol type).
  • a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related.
  • the number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme). Thus, the more resource elements that a UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be for the UE 115 .
  • a wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate for communications with a UE 115 .
  • a spatial resource e.g., spatial layers
  • Devices of the wireless communications system 100 may have a hardware configuration that supports communications over a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configurable to support communications over one of a set of carrier bandwidths.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include base stations 105 and/or UEs 115 that support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with more than one different carrier bandwidth.
  • Wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation.
  • a UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration.
  • Carrier aggregation may be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.
  • wireless communications system 100 may utilize enhanced component carriers (eCCs).
  • eCC may be characterized by one or more features including wider carrier or frequency channel bandwidth, shorter symbol duration, shorter TTI duration, or modified control channel configuration.
  • an eCC may be associated with a carrier aggregation configuration or a dual connectivity configuration (e.g., when multiple serving cells have a suboptimal or non-ideal backhaul link).
  • An eCC may also be configured for use in unlicensed spectrum or shared spectrum (e.g., where more than one operator is allowed to use the spectrum).
  • An eCC characterized by wide carrier bandwidth may include one or more segments that may be utilized by UEs 115 that are not capable of monitoring the whole carrier bandwidth or are otherwise configured to use a limited carrier bandwidth (e.g., to conserve power).
  • an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than other component carriers, which may include use of a reduced symbol duration as compared with symbol durations of the other component carriers.
  • a shorter symbol duration may be associated with increased spacing between adjacent subcarriers.
  • a device such as a UE 115 or base station 105 , utilizing eCCs may transmit wideband signals (e.g., according to frequency channel or carrier bandwidths of 20, 40, 60, 80 MHz, etc.) at reduced symbol durations (e.g., 16.67 microseconds).
  • a TTI in eCC may consist of one or multiple symbol periods. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable.
  • Wireless communications system 100 may be an NR system that may utilize any combination of licensed, shared, and unlicensed spectrum bands, among others.
  • the flexibility of eCC symbol duration and subcarrier spacing may allow for the use of eCC across multiple spectrums.
  • NR shared spectrum may increase spectrum utilization and spectral efficiency, specifically through dynamic vertical (e.g., across the frequency domain) and horizontal (e.g., across the time domain) sharing of resources.
  • sidelink transmissions 135 between UEs 115 may occur within the same frequency band.
  • UEs 115 within a V2X system may transmit sidelink data to inform and assist vehicles within a certain vicinity (e.g., for autonomous driving applications).
  • sidelink data transmissions 135 may include information such as vehicle intentions (e.g., if a vehicle is to increase or decrease speed) or context notifications (e.g., if a vehicle is an emergency or police vehicle), as well as information regarding the current state of the vehicle (e.g., current speed and/or location).
  • a UE 115 may experience a half-duplex effect, where the UE 115 may be unable to transmit and receive data during the same time period. Moreover, each UE 115 may, in order to maintain accurate system information, both transmit its own data and attempt to receive each data packet from each neighboring UE 115 . As such, a UE 115 may employ various resource scheduling schemes to avoid collisions with sidelink transmissions from other UEs 115 .
  • a UE 115 may use a semi-persistent scheduling scheme for transmitting V2X communications, where communication resources may be defined by a certain periodicity (e.g., 20 ms, 50 ms, 100 ms, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, a UE 115 may employ aperiodic resource scheduling and may additionally vary data packet sizes with each transmission. For example, a UE 115 may use a dynamic resource reservation scheme to utilize available resources and thereby ensure performance metrics are met (e.g., latency requirements). In some cases, the frequency allocation size may be limited to ensure a UE 115 meets a link budget. For example, a receiving device may receive a higher amount of energy per bit of data if a transmitting device transmits using multiple time slots (e.g., continuous or discontinuous slots) for transmission instead of using multiple frequency resources.
  • time slots e.g., continuous or discontinuous slots
  • a UE 115 may determine which resources are occupied by surrounding UEs 115 , may randomly select resources based on an interference avoidance scheme, and may transmit using the selected resources. In some cases, a UE 115 may select and reserve resources for transmission of data packet based on available resources (e.g., resources unoccupied by other UEs 115 in the V2X system), a priority associated with the data packet, or a latency associated with the data packet, or a combination thereof.
  • available resources e.g., resources unoccupied by other UEs 115 in the V2X system
  • the UE 115 may maintain and reference a resource map to utilize when selecting resources for transmission of a data packet.
  • the resource map may indicate resources reserved for use by other UEs 115 in the V2X system, and the reserved resources may be identified through control message or reservation indications transmitted by the other UEs 115 .
  • the UE may utilize a resource window (e.g., a window of time-frequency resources) to determine resources available for transmission of the data packet by identifying time-frequency resources (e.g., TTIs) within the resource window available for use by the UE 115 or occupied by other UEs 115 .
  • a resource window e.g., a window of time-frequency resources
  • Selection of the resources within the window may be based on priority of the data packet or of the traffic associated with the resources reserved by other UEs 115 . Additionally or alternatively, selection of the resources may be based on earliest available resources or TTIs that are unoccupied. Further, multiple TTIs or slots within the resource window may be selected for transmission of the data packet, and the data packet may be encoded across the multiple TTIs according to a slot aggregation scheme.
  • the UE 115 may transmit a reservation indication to reserve resources for transmission of the data packet.
  • the reservation indication may indicate resources reserved for subsequent transmissions (e.g., retransmission of the data packet or any additional data transmissions).
  • a reservation indication may indicate reserved resources for only the next data transmission, or the reservation indication may indicate reserved resources for multiple future transmissions.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • wireless communications system 200 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100 .
  • wireless communications system 200 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100 and may include UEs 115 - a, 115 - b, and 115 - c, which may be examples of UE 115 described with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • UEs 115 - a, 115 - b, and 115 - c may communicate with each other within a V2X system (e.g., using sidelink communications 205 ) and may employ a resource scheduling interference avoidance scheme to dynamically select and use transmission resources.
  • UE 115 - a may attempt to decode sidelink transmissions 205 from UEs 115 - b and 115 - c in order to maintain accurate system information (vehicle data, scheduled resources, etc.) and construct a resource map 210 .
  • sidelink transmissions 205 may include a control channel 220 , which UE 115 - a may decode to determine which resources within the V2X frequency band are reserved or occupied by UEs 115 - b and 115 - c, respectively.
  • UE 115 - a may use resource map 210 to select resources (e.g., one or more TTIs 215 ) to use for its own sidelink transmissions 205 , which may also be selected based on an interference avoidance scheme.
  • resources e.g., one or more TTIs 215
  • Transmissions on a control channel 220 from UE 115 - a may include a reservation indication to reserve resources for future transmissions.
  • a first resource reservation for a data packet may indicate resources to be used for a following transmission, such as a retransmission and/or a transmission of subsequent data corresponding to the same data packet and in some examples, a resource reservation subsequent to the first resource reservation for a data packet may only indicate resources reserved for retransmission.
  • UE 115 - a may indicate resource reservations using a slot index and a subchannel index.
  • the slot index may include a defined number of bits (e.g., six bits), a subchannel index may include a different defined number of bits (e.g., four bits), and the overall reservation indication may contain a total of the slot index bits and subchannel index bits (e.g., 10 bits).
  • the slot index may indicate a reservation for a slot (e.g., a TTI 215 ) corresponding to a specified number of slots following a control channel 220 of a transmission. Additionally or alternatively, the slot index may indicate a reservation for a slot (e.g., a TTI 215 ) corresponding to a specified number of slots following the last slot of the transmission.
  • the subchannel index may indicate a reservation for a subchannel corresponding to a specified number of subchannels from the start or from the end of a subchannel resource pool.
  • the subchannel may be defined as a given amount (e.g., minimum or maximum) of a frequency spectrum that a transmission resource (e.g., TTI 215 ) may occupy.
  • UE 115 - a may begin selecting transmission resources by defining a window for resource selection within the V2X transmission resources (e.g., using resource map 210 ). For example, UE 115 - a may define a window based on whether a transmission is an initial transmission or a retransmission, based on latency requirements of a data packet, or based on a soft buffer requirement of UE 115 - a (e.g., UE 115 - a may only be able to store data for up to 16 ms). Within the defined window, UE 115 - a may select one or more TTIs 215 for transmission by identifying one or more candidate TTIs 215 .
  • UE 115 - a may use resource map 210 to identify TTIs 215 - b (e.g., resources occupied by UE 115 - b ) and TTIs 215 - c (e.g., resources occupied by UE 115 - c ) and may determine to exclude these resources from selection based on the resources being occupied. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 - a may identify candidate TTIs 215 based on a distance between UE 115 - a and either UE 115 - b or 115 - c.
  • UE 115 - c may identify TTIs 215 - c as candidate resources.
  • UE 115 - a may also identify candidate TTIs 215 based on a latency requirement of a data packet to be sent. For example, UE 115 - a may have a latency threshold requirement and may identify TTIs 215 that satisfy the requirement.
  • UE 115 - a may select resources based on a hierarchy of rules (e.g., an interference avoidance scheme) and candidate resources identified using resource map 210 . In some cases, UE 115 - a may first attempt to randomly select an unoccupied TTI 215 - d that may not coincide in time with any other reserved TTI 215 - a, 215 - b, or 215 - c (e.g., in order to avoid half duplex effects).
  • a hierarchy of rules e.g., an interference avoidance scheme
  • UE 115 - a may select an unoccupied TTI 215 - d from the last (e.g., latest) column (e.g., the right-most column) of resource map 210 or from another column that may include only unoccupied TTIs 215 - d. Additionally or alternatively, an earlier unoccupied TTI 215 - d may be preferred over a later unoccupied TTI 215 - d (e.g., instead of the selection process being completely random). For example, in some cases, UE 115 - a may select the earliest unoccupied TTI 215 - d that does not coincide in time with another TTI 215 - d.
  • UE 115 - a may be unable to transmit on or unable to find an unoccupied TTI 215 - d that does not coincide in time with other transmissions. Therefore, UE 115 - a may proceed to select unoccupied TTIs 215 - d that may be multiplexed in frequency with retransmissions from UE 115 - b or 115 - c, where the retransmissions may correspond to original transmissions that UE 115 - a may have successfully decoded.
  • UE 115 - a may determine (e.g., from decoding a control channel 220 ) that TTIs 215 - b and 215 - c within the second-to-last column of resource map 210 are retransmissions, and may further determine that UE 115 - a has already successfully decoded the original transmissions corresponding to the retransmissions. As such, UE 115 - a may proceed to select an unoccupied TTI 215 - d within the second-to-last column of resource map 210 .
  • UE 115 - a may be unable to transmit on or unable to find an unoccupied TTI 215 - d after attempting the above techniques. Therefore, UE 115 - a may determine to randomly select any unoccupied TTI 215 - d of the appropriate size for its own transmissions. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 - a may determine to preempt resources of a lower priority, where the resource priority may be determined from decoding a control channel 220 . For example, UE 115 - a may determine to preempt one or more TTIs 215 - b for its own transmissions and may indicate this intention in a control channel 220 associated with the transmissions.
  • UE 115 - b may decode the control channel 220 transmitted by UE 115 - a (e.g., as part of constructing a resource map 210 ), may determine that UE 115 - a is preempting resources on one or more TTIs 215 - b, and may release the preempted resources.
  • UE 115 - a may identify lower priority resources for preemption based on a signal strength (e.g., a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or a reference signal received power (RSRP)) of the transmissions corresponding to the resources.
  • RSSI received signal strength indicator
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • UE 115 - a may identify transmissions with a lower signal strength as lower priority (e.g., because the low signal strength may indicate that the transmitting device may be located beyond a certain distance from UE 115 - a ).
  • lower priority TTIs 215 - b or 215 - c may not be available for UE 115 - a to preempt (e.g., within the determined window) and therefore UE 115 - a may revise the distance metric used to identify candidate resources. For example, as UE 115 - a decodes transmissions on control channels 220 from UEs 115 - b and 115 - c (e.g., as a part of constructing resource map 210 ), UE 115 - a may determine that either UE 115 - b or 115 - c is transmitting from beyond a specified distance (e.g., beyond the revised distance metric).
  • UE 115 - a may determine to include candidate resources transmitted from beyond the revised distance metric when selecting resources. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 - a may relax a criteria for candidate resources such as a signal strength (e.g., an RSSI or an RSRP), such that UE 115 - a may consider occupied TTIs 215 - b or 215 - c with a signal strength below a certain threshold (e.g., which may indicate a transmission location beyond a certain distance from UE 115 - a ) as a candidate resource for transmitting data.
  • a signal strength e.g., an RSSI or an RSRP
  • UE 115 - a may extend its window for resource selection (e.g., using a configuration for UE 115 - a ) based on whether soft buffer bits may be available or based on latency constraints (e.g., latency constraints may not be rigid). After adjusting one or more criteria (distance metric, signal strength, window size, etc.), UE 115 - a may determine to repeat the steps described herein for resource selection using an interference avoidance scheme.
  • TTIs 215 - a, 215 - b, and 215 - c may contain resources dedicated to HARQ feedback, which all other UEs 115 may decode as part of constructing a resource map 210 .
  • a transmitting UE 115 - a may not receive any negative acknowledgement (NAK) feedback from either UE 115 - b or 115 - c regarding a sidelink transmission 205 (e.g., corresponding to one or more TTIs 215 - a ) and may therefore determine to release any TTIs 215 - a reserved for retransmission.
  • NAK negative acknowledgement
  • UE 115 - a may indicate (e.g., via a control channel 220 ) that it has released the retransmission resources and UEs 115 - b and 115 - c may update their respective resource maps 210 accordingly. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 - a may receive a NAK corresponding to the sidelink transmission 205 and may therefore determine to continue retransmitting on any reserved retransmission resources (e.g., resource maps 210 may therefore remain unchanged). In some examples, UE 115 - a may be unable to process a NAK (e.g., due to collisions or results of the half duplex constraint) and may therefore determine to continue to transmit on the resources reserved for retransmission.
  • NAK e.g., due to collisions or results of the half duplex constraint
  • UE 115 - a may determine to release its retransmission resources.
  • the action to be taken by a UE 115 may be a part of the configuration of said UE 115 (e.g., based on UE capability).
  • UE 115 - a may only select frequency resources (e.g., subchannels) on predefined subchannel indices, and may additionally only select frequency resources according to a priority (e.g., in order to minimize collisions among data packets employing FDM). For example, data packets within a 20 MHz band that occupy 10 MHz each may only have two subchannel indices from which to choose resources, and each 10 MHz subchannel may be assigned an equal priority. Additionally or alternatively, data packets within a 20 MHz band that occupy 5 MHz each may have four subchannel indices from which to choose resources. In this example, subchannels corresponding to 0 MHz and 10 MHz may have a highest priority for selection, while subchannels corresponding to 5 MHz and 15 MHz may have a secondary priority.
  • frequency resources e.g., subchannels
  • a priority e.g., in order to minimize collisions among data packets employing FDM.
  • a priority e.g., in order to minimize collisions
  • a UE 115 having a data packet for transmission to another wireless device may select multiple TTIs or slots for transmission of the data packet according to a slot aggregation scheme. For example, a data packet identified by a first UE 115 for transmission to a second UE 115 may be encoded across multiple slots or TTIs, which may be selected according to a resource avoidance mechanism as described herein.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a resource avoidance mechanism 300 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • resource avoidance mechanism 300 may implement aspects of wireless communications systems 100 or 200 , or may be implemented by a UE 115 (or other wireless device in a V2X system), as described herein.
  • Resource avoidance mechanism 300 may include a resource map 305 , which may be maintained by one or more UEs in the V2X system.
  • each UE in a V2X system may maintain a respective resource map 305 , which may indicate resources occupied, unoccupied, or reserved by other UEs in the V2X system.
  • the resource map 305 may include multiple TTIs 315 (slots, mini-slots, symbols, etc.) and may span a portion of a frequency band (a channel, a carrier, a subcarrier, etc.), as shown.
  • the resource map 305 may include occupied TTIs 315 - a, 315 - b, and 315 - c, which may be occupied by other UEs in the V2X system.
  • the resource map may also include unoccupied TTIs 315 - d, which may not be reserved by other UEs in the V2X system or, in some cases, may be reserved by other UEs in the V2X system having lower priority
  • the resource map 305 may be generated at a UE in the V2X system based on control information or reservation information from other UEs in the V2X. For instance, a UE may receive one or more control messages from another UE, which may be decoded by the UE to determine the resources reserved by the other UE. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may receive a reservation indication from another UE, which may explicitly indicate the resource reserved by the other UE. In some examples, the UE may receive the reservation indication via a control channel 320 . As additional signals are received, the UE may update the resource map 305 based on the reserved resources determined from the received signals.
  • a UE may select resources from the resource map 305 for transmission of a data packet based on a resource window 310 .
  • the resource window 310 may span a number of TTIs 315 in time, a number of subcarriers in the frequency domain, or a combination. For instance, the resource window 310 may span 4 TTIs 315 , as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • a UE may select or determine a size of the resource window 310 (e.g., based on a configuration for the UE) in accordance with resource avoidance mechanism 300 . In some examples, a UE may select a size for resource window 310 based on whether the data packet for transmission is an initial transmission or a retransmission of a data packet.
  • a UE may select a size for resource window 310 based on a latency of the data packet to be transmitted or based on UE capabilities (e.g., a soft buffer of a UE). For example, a UE may have soft buffer configured to store 16 ms of data and a size for resource window 310 may be selected to be less than 16 ms so that buffered data is not lost prior to transmission.
  • UE capabilities e.g., a soft buffer of a UE.
  • a UE may have soft buffer configured to store 16 ms of data and a size for resource window 310 may be selected to be less than 16 ms so that buffered data is not lost prior to transmission.
  • a UE in selecting resources for transmission, may identify a set of TTIs 315 within resource window 310 which may include one or more candidate TTIs (e.g., unoccupied TTIs 315 - d ).
  • a UE may identify TTIs 315 reserved by other UEs (e.g., TTIs 315 - a, 315 - b, or 315 - c ) and may exclude these reserved resources from the selection process.
  • a UE may identify candidate TTIs 315 based on the distance from another transmitting UE. For instance, if another UE has reserved resources and the UE exceeds a threshold distance from the UE, the reserved resources may be candidates.
  • a UE may also identify candidate TTIs 315 based on a latency requirement of the data packet to be transmitted (e.g., the data packet may be associated with a latency requirement and the UE may identify candidate TTIs 315 that satisfy the latency requirement).
  • selection of TTIs for transmission may include randomly selecting a set of unoccupied TTIs 315 - d within resource map 310 (e.g., such that the selected TTIs 315 mitigate constraints caused by half-duplex mode operation).
  • an earlier TTI 315 may be preferred over a later TTI 315 (e.g., the earliest unoccupied TTI 315 - d may be selected).
  • selecting a set of TTIs 315 for transmissions may include selecting unoccupied resources in a TTI 315 that are multiplexed in frequency with retransmissions from other UEs. For example, a UE may select an unoccupied resource in an occupied TTI 315 - c if at least a portion of the occupied TTI 315 - c is reserved for a retransmission from another UE. This may occur when a retransmission from another UE corresponds to data packets that have already been decoded.
  • Selection of a set of TTIs 315 transmissions may involve selecting unoccupied resources (e.g., unoccupied TTIs 315 - d ) based on a size of the data packet (e.g., a UE may select an unoccupied TTI 315 - d or resources of occupied TTIs 315 - a, 315 - b, or 315 - c corresponding to a size of the data packet.
  • unoccupied resources e.g., unoccupied TTIs 315 - d
  • a size of the data packet e.g., a UE may select an unoccupied TTI 315 - d or resources of occupied TTIs 315 - a, 315 - b, or 315 - c corresponding to a size of the data packet.
  • a UE may select a set of TTIs 315 for transmission of a data packet by selecting occupied TTIs 315 - a, 315 - b, or 315 - c that may be reserved by other UEs for transmission of traffic having a lower priority than the data packet to be transmitted by the UE.
  • an occupied TTI 315 - a may have no unoccupied resources available for reservation and the UE may select resources of occupied TTI 315 - a that are reserved for lower priority traffic than the data packet being transmitted by the UE.
  • a UE may preempt the reserved resources associated with lower priority traffic through transmission of a reservation indication, for example.
  • resource avoidance mechanism may involve revising a distance metric threshold. For example, a UE may exclude candidate TTIs 315 from selection if a distance metric threshold is exceeded and the UE may revise the distance metric threshold to identify more candidate TTIs 315 (e.g., the UE may extend a size of a distance metric threshold which may result in exclusion of fewer TTIs from candidacy). Additionally or alternatively, a UE may revise a signal strength threshold (e.g., an RSSI or an RSRP threshold value) for signals received from other UEs in order to include additional TTIs in the selection. In some examples, the size of the resource window 310 may be extended to include more candidate TTIs within resource map 305 (e.g., a size of resource window 310 may be extended based on soft buffer requirements of a UE or latency requirements).
  • a signal strength threshold e.g., an RSSI or an RSRP threshold value
  • a UE may be unable to identify any TTIs 315 for selection. In such cases, the UE may drop the data packet to be transmitted.
  • a UE may transmit a reservation indication to indicate reserved resources, which may include a slot index and a sub-channel index (e.g., indicated as separate values).
  • a reservation indication may include a value N (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6 bits) that represents a slot index (e.g., 1, 3, 4, 5, or 6 bits).
  • the slot index may indicate the number of slots after an initial transmission where a reserved slot is located.
  • a slot index may be a value of two and indicate that a reserved slot is two slots from an initial transmission.
  • a reserved slot may be a last slot of an initial transmission.
  • the sub-channel index may indicate a number of subchannels from the start of a resource pool where a reserved subchannel is located.
  • a sub-channel index may be a value of two and indicate that a reserved sub-channel is two sub-channels from the start of a resource pool.
  • a sub-channel index may be a value indicating how many subchannels from the end of a resource pool a reserved subchannel is located.
  • a sub-channel index may be a value of two and indicate that a reserved sub-channel is two sub-channels from the end of a resource pool.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of slot aggregation 400 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • slot aggregation 400 may implement aspects of wireless communications systems 100 or 200 .
  • a UE may select and reserve resources for transmission in a wireless communications system (e.g., a V2X system).
  • the UE may select resources for transmission of a data packet according to slot aggregation 400 .
  • a data packet identified for transmission to another UE may be encoded across multiple slots 405 or TTIs.
  • the multiple slots 405 may be selected based on a resource avoidance mechanism as described herein.
  • a data packet may be encoded across 3 slots: slot 405 - a, slot 405 - b, and slot 405 - c.
  • a data packet may be transmitted in a slot 405 with a given frequency allocation 410 (e.g., in resources of a slot 405 occupied by another UE).
  • a packet may utilize a frequency allocation in a frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 MHz allocation in a 20 MHz spectrum).
  • a packet may be transmitted across aggregated slots 405 (e.g., slot 405 - a, slot 405 - b, and slot 405 - c ) and across frequency allocation 210 across each of the slots 405 (e.g., a packet may utilize a frequency allocation 210 in each of slot 405 - a, slot 405 - b, and slot 405 - c ).
  • a distance at which the packet may be successfully decoded may remain relatively unchanged.
  • a frequency allocation 410 may be different across slots. For example, a packet may be aggregated across multiple slots 405 , each of which may have a different frequency allocation 410 .
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a process flow 500 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • process flow 500 may implement aspects of wireless communications systems 100 or 200 .
  • Process flow 500 may be implemented by UE 115 - a and examples of UEs 115 , as described herein.
  • UE 115 - d may transmit, to UE 115 - e, a control transmission containing a reservation indication.
  • a reservation indication may be an example of a reservation indication described in FIG. 3 .
  • a reservation indication may be transmitted over a resource being reserved by UE 115 - d.
  • UE 115 - e may update a resource map based on the reservation indication received from UE 115 - d.
  • a resource map may be an example of resource map 305 described in FIG. 3 .
  • UE 115 - e may decode the control transmission containing the reservation indication.
  • UE 115 - e may update the resource map accordingly.
  • UE 115 - e may identify a packet to transmit. In some cases, UE 115 - e may identify a packet for transmission and may select a window for resource selection. A window for resource selection may be an example of window 310 described in FIG. 3 .
  • UE 115 - e may select resources in accordance with a resource avoidance mechanism.
  • the resource avoidance mechanism may be an example of resource avoidance mechanism 300 described in FIG. 3 .
  • UE 115 - e may select resources with slot aggregation.
  • Slot aggregation may be an example of slot aggregation 400 described in FIG. 4 .
  • UE 115 - e may transmit, to UE 115 - d, a control transmission containing a reservation indication.
  • a reservation indication may be another example of a reservation indication described in FIG. 3 .
  • a reservation indication may be transmitted over a resource being reserved by UE 115 - e.
  • a resource reservation may indicate resources to be used for a next transmission.
  • a retransmission may indicate a reservation for any additional retransmissions.
  • a retransmission may indicate reserved resources for only a next future transmission.
  • a retransmission may indicate reserved resources for multiple future transmissions.
  • UE 115 - d may update a resource map based on the reservation indication received from UE 115 - e.
  • a resource map may be an example of resource map 305 described in FIG. 3 .
  • UE 115 - e may decode the control transmission containing the reservation indication.
  • UE 115 - e may update the resource map accordingly.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein.
  • the device 605 may include a receiver 610 , a resource reservation manager 615 , and a transmitter 620 .
  • the device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).
  • the receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to resource reservation techniques for wireless communications, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605 .
  • the receiver 610 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 920 described with reference to FIG. 9 .
  • the receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • the resource reservation manager 615 may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, where the data packet is associated with a first latency type, and identify a set of candidate TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type.
  • the resource reservation manager 615 may select, from the set of candidate TTIs, a set of TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system, and transmit the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of TTIs.
  • the resource reservation manager 615 may also identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, transmit the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of transmission time intervals based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, select, at the time of transmission of the data packet, a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet based at least in part on a resource window and a latency type associated with the second data packet, and transmit a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet.
  • the resource reservation manager 615 may be an example of aspects of the resource reservation manager 910 described herein.
  • the resource reservation manager 615 may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the resource reservation manager 615 , or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • the resource reservation manager 615 may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components.
  • the resource reservation manager 615 may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the resource reservation manager 615 may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • I/O input/output
  • the transmitter 620 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 605 .
  • the transmitter 620 may be collocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver.
  • the transmitter 620 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 920 described with reference to FIG. 9 .
  • the transmitter 620 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • the communications manager 615 as described herein may be implemented to realize one or more potential advantages.
  • One implementation may allow device 605 to identify unoccupied resources, or occupied resources with low priority data packets or data packets unlikely to cause interference, and to transmit data packets using those identified resources. In some examples, this may enable device 605 to reduce communication errors (e.g., caused by interference with another data packet using the same resources). Further, device 605 may reduce a number of retransmissions of the data packets that may have otherwise been necessary without such resource coordination. In accordance with such techniques, the device 605 may feature increased power savings and improved battery life.
  • another implementation may enable device 605 to select resources (e.g., unoccupied, occupied with lower priority data packets, or occupied with data packets unlikely to cause interference) based on the type of data packets device 605 may be transmitting. For instance, a data packet for transmission may be associated with a latency requirement and/or a priority and device 605 may select a resource based on the latency requirement and/or priority of the data packet. Due to the resource coordination described herein, this implementation may enable flexible resource selection in which the device 605 may transmit the data packet according to its latency requirement and/or priority relative to other data packets. This may result in lower latency for data packets associated with a strict latency requirement and/or higher priority packets.
  • resources e.g., unoccupied, occupied with lower priority data packets, or occupied with data packets unlikely to cause interference
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605 , or a UE 115 as described herein.
  • the device 705 may include a receiver 710 , a resource reservation manager 715 , and a transmitter 745 .
  • the device 705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).
  • the receiver 710 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to resource reservation techniques for wireless communications, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705 .
  • the receiver 710 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 920 described with reference to FIG. 9 .
  • the receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • the resource reservation manager 715 may be an example of aspects of the resource reservation manager 615 as described herein.
  • the resource reservation manager 715 may include a data packet identifier 720 , a window component 725 , a selection manager 730 , a transmission component 735 , and an encoder 740 .
  • the resource reservation manager 715 may be an example of aspects of the resource reservation manager 910 described herein.
  • the data packet identifier 720 may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, where the data packet may be associated with a first latency type.
  • the window component 725 may identify a set of candidate TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window may be based on the first latency type.
  • the selection manager 730 may select, from the set of candidate TTIs, a set of TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system.
  • the transmission component 735 may transmit the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of TTIs.
  • the data packet identifier 720 may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system.
  • the encoder 740 may encode the data packet across a set of TTIs.
  • the transmission component 735 may transmit the encoded data packet to the second wireless device via the set of TTIs based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, where a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet is selected at a time of transmission of the data packet.
  • the transmitter 745 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 705 .
  • the transmitter 745 may be collocated with a receiver 710 in a transceiver.
  • the transmitter 745 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 920 described with reference to FIG. 9 .
  • the transmitter 745 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a resource reservation manager 805 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the resource reservation manager 805 may be an example of aspects of a resource reservation manager 615 , a resource reservation manager 715 , or a resource reservation manager 910 described herein.
  • the resource reservation manager 805 may include a data packet identifier 810 , a window component 815 , a selection manager 820 , a transmission component 825 , a reception component 830 , a resource component 835 , a map manager 840 , a measurement manager 845 , a reservation indication component 850 , and an encoder 855 .
  • Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).
  • the data packet identifier 810 may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, the data packet associated with a first latency type.
  • the window component 815 may identify a set of candidate TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type. In some examples, the window component 815 may determine the size of the resource window based on the first latency type, an initial transmission of the data packet, a retransmission of the data packet, a capability of the first wireless device, a soft buffer of the second wireless device, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the window component 815 may determine an extended size of the resource window.
  • the selection manager 820 may select, from the set of candidate TTIs, a set of TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system. In some examples, the selection manager 820 may select an earliest unoccupied resource from the set of candidate TTIs. In some cases, the selection manager 820 may randomly select unoccupied TTIs from the set of candidate TTIs. In some instances, the selection manager 820 may select unoccupied resources in a TTI multiplexed in frequency with retransmissions from at least one other wireless device.
  • the selection manager 820 may select unoccupied resources based on a size of the data packet. In some cases, the selection manager 820 may select unoccupied resources reserved for use by other wireless devices and associated with traffic having a lower priority than the data packet. In some aspects, the selection manager 820 may select the set of TTIs based on the extended size of the resource window. In some instances, the selection manager 820 may select, at the time of transmission of the data packet, the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the second data packet.
  • the set of TTIs selected for transmission of the data packet exclude the set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system.
  • the retransmissions from at least one other wireless device correspond to previously decoded data packets.
  • the transmission component 825 may transmit the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of TTIs. In some examples, the transmission component 825 may transmit the data packet to the second wireless device via the set of TTIs based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, where a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet is selected at a time of transmission of the data packet.
  • the encoder 855 may encode the data packet across a set of TTIs. In some examples, the encoder 855 may encode the data packet across a set of frequency resources based on a link budget for transmission of the data packet.
  • the reception component 830 may receive a control channel from the second wireless device or another wireless device in the V2X system. In some examples, the reception component 830 may receive a reservation indication from at least one other wireless device, the reservation indication indicating a set of unoccupied resources reserved for the at least one other wireless device.
  • the resource component 835 may determine the set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system based on the control channel.
  • the map manager 840 may maintain, by the first wireless device, a map of the set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system.
  • the measurement manager 845 may determine a signal strength of the reservation indication, where the unoccupied resources are selected from the set of unoccupied resources based on the signal strength. In some examples, the measurement manager 845 may identify a distance associated with the set of reserved resources, where the set of TTIs exclude a subset of the reserved resources based on the distance and a distance threshold.
  • the reservation indication component 850 may transmit a reservation indication that conveys the set of TTIs selected for transmission of the data packet. In some examples, the reservation indication component 850 may transmit a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet. In some cases, the reservation indication component 850 may receive a reservation indication from at least one other wireless device, the reservation indication indicating a set of unoccupied resources reserved for the at least one other wireless device. In some aspects, the reservation indication is transmitted via a control channel.
  • the reservation indication includes a slot index, a sub-channel index, or a combination thereof.
  • the slot index is indicated with respect to a reference slot, the reference slot including one of a slot after a control channel associated with transmission of the data packet or a last slot used for transmission of the data packet.
  • the sub-channel index indicates a sub-channel with respect to a start of a resource pool used for transmission of the data packet.
  • the reservation indication includes ten bits. In some cases, the reservation indication is transmitted via a control channel.
  • FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 905 may be an example of or include the components of device 605 , device 705 , or a UE 115 as described herein.
  • the device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a resource reservation manager 910 , an I/O controller 915 , a transceiver 920 , an antenna 925 , memory 930 , and a processor 940 . These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 945 ).
  • buses e.g., bus 945
  • the resource reservation manager 910 may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, the data packet associated with a first latency type, identify a set of candidate TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type, select, from the set of candidate TTIs, a set of TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system, and transmit the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of transmission time intervals.
  • the resource reservation manager 910 may also identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, transmit the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of transmission time intervals based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, select, at the time of transmission of the data packet, a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet based at least in part on a resource window and a latency type associated with the second data packet, and transmit a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet.
  • the I/O controller 915 may manage input and output signals for the device 905 .
  • the I/O controller 915 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905 .
  • the I/O controller 915 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.
  • the I/O controller 915 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system.
  • the I/O controller 915 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device.
  • the I/O controller 915 may be implemented as part of a processor.
  • a user may interact with the device 905 via the I/O controller 915 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 915 .
  • the transceiver 920 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described herein.
  • the transceiver 920 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver.
  • the transceiver 920 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.
  • the wireless device may include a single antenna 925 .
  • the device may have more than one antenna 925 , which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
  • the memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • the memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 935 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein.
  • the memory 930 may contain, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • BIOS basic I/O system
  • the processor 940 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof).
  • the processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 940 .
  • the processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 930 ) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting resource reservation techniques for wireless communications).
  • the code 935 may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless communications.
  • the code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.
  • FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1000 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1000 may be performed by a resource reservation manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described herein.
  • a UE may perform aspects of the functions described herein using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, the data packet associated with a first latency type.
  • the operations of 1005 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a data packet identifier as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may identify a set of candidate TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type.
  • the operations of 1010 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a window component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may select, from the set of candidate TTIs, a set of TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system.
  • the operations of 1015 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1015 may be performed by a selection manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may transmit the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of TTIs.
  • the operations of 1020 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a transmission component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1100 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1100 may be performed by a resource reservation manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described herein using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, the data packet associated with a first latency type.
  • the operations of 1105 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a data packet identifier as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may identify a set of candidate TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type.
  • the operations of 1110 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a window component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may receive a control channel from the second wireless device or another wireless device in the V2X system.
  • the operations of 1115 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a reception component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may determine the set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system based on the control channel.
  • the operations of 1120 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a resource component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may select, from the set of candidate TTIs, a set of TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system.
  • the operations of 1125 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1125 may be performed by a selection manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may transmit the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of TTIs.
  • the operations of 1130 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1130 may be performed by a transmission component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1200 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1200 may be performed by a resource reservation manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described herein using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system, the data packet associated with a first latency type.
  • the operations of 1205 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a data packet identifier as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may identify a set of candidate TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on a resource window, where a size of the resource window is based on the first latency type.
  • the operations of 1210 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a window component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may maintain, by the first wireless device, a map of the set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system.
  • the operations of 1215 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a map manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may select, from the set of candidate TTIs, a set of TTIs for transmission of the data packet based on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system.
  • the operations of 1220 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a selection manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may transmit the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of TTIs.
  • the operations of 1225 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1225 may be performed by a transmission component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1300 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1300 may be performed by a resource reservation manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described herein using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system.
  • the operations of 1305 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a data packet identifier as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may transmit the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of TTIs based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet.
  • the operations of 1310 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a transmission component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may select, at a time of transmission of the data packet, a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet based at least in part on a resource window and a latency type associated with the second data packet.
  • the operations of 1315 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a selection manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may transmit a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet.
  • the operations of 1320 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed by a reservation indication component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1400 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1400 may be performed by a resource reservation manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described herein using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system.
  • the operations of 1405 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a data packet identifier as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may transmit the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of TTIs based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, where a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet is selected at a time of transmission of the data packet.
  • the operations of 1410 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a transmission component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may select, at the time of transmission of the data packet, the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the second data packet.
  • the operations of 1415 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a selection manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports resource reservation techniques for wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1500 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1500 may be performed by a resource reservation manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described herein.
  • a UE may perform aspects of the functions described herein using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE may identify, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the V2X system.
  • the operations of 1505 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by a data packet identifier as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may transmit the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of TTIs based on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, where a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet is selected at a time of transmission of the data packet.
  • the operations of 1510 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a transmission component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • the UE may transmit a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for transmission of the second data packet.
  • the operations of 1515 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by a reservation indication component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 .
  • a method of wireless communications comprising identifying, by a first device in a vehicle to everything system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the vehicle-to-everything system, the data packet associated with a first latency type, identifying a set of candidate transmission time intervals for the transmission of the data packet based at least in part on a resource window, wherein a size of the resource window is based at least in part on the first latency type, selecting, from the set of candidate transmission time intervals, a set of transmission time intervals for the transmission of the data packet based at least in part on the resource window and a set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the vehicle-to-everything system, and transmitting the data packet to the second wireless device using the set of transmission time intervals.
  • any of examples 1 to 2 further comprising: receiving a control channel from the second wireless device or another wireless device in the V2X system, and determining the set of reserved resources for other wireless devices in the V2X system based on the control channel.
  • selecting the set of TTIs may include selecting an earliest unoccupied resource from the set of candidate TTIs.
  • selecting the set of TTIs may include randomly selecting unoccupied TTIs from the set of candidate TTIs.
  • selecting the set of TTIs may include selecting unoccupied resources in a TTI multiplexed in frequency with retransmissions from at least one other wireless device, the retransmissions from the at least one other wireless device corresponding to previously decoded data packets.
  • selecting the set of TTIs may include selecting unoccupied resources based on a size of the data packet.
  • selecting the set of TTIs may include selecting resources reserved for use by other wireless devices and associated with traffic having a lower priority than the data packet.
  • the reservation indication may include 10 bits.
  • the slot index may be indicated with respect to a reference slot, the reference slot including one of a slot after a control channel associated with transmission of the data packet or a last slot used for transmission of the data packet.
  • a method of wireless communications comprising identifying, by a first wireless device in a V2X system, a data packet for transmission to a second wireless device in the vehicle-to-everything system, transmitting the data packet to the second wireless device via a set of transmission time intervals based at least in part on a resource window and a latency type associated with the data packet, selecting, at a time of the transmission of the data packet, a set of reserved resources for transmission of a second data packet based at least in part on a second resource window and a second latency type associated with the second data packet, and transmitting a reservation indication that conveys the set of reserved resources for the transmission of the second data packet.
  • the slot index may be indicated with respect to a reference slot, the reference slot including one of a slot after a control channel associated with transmission of the data packet or a last slot used for transmission of the data packet.
  • selecting the set of reserved resources may include selecting an earliest unoccupied resource from the set of TTIs.
  • selecting the set of reserved resources may include randomly selecting unoccupied TTIs from the set of TTIs.
  • selecting the set of reserved resources may include selecting unoccupied resources in a TTI multiplexed in frequency with retransmissions from at least one other wireless device, the retransmissions from the at least one other wireless device corresponding to previously decoded data packets.
  • selecting the set of reserved resources may include selecting unoccupied resources based on a size of the second data packet.
  • selecting the set of reserved resources may include selecting resources reserved for use by other wireless devices and associated with traffic having a lower priority than the data packet.
  • any of examples 17 to 27, further comprising: receiving a second reservation indication from at least one other wireless device, the second reservation indication indicating a set of resources reserved for the at least one other wireless device, and determining a signal strength of the second reservation indication, where the resources may be selected from the set of resources based on the signal strength.
  • An apparatus for wireless communications comprising a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of examples 1 to 16.
  • An apparatus for wireless communications comprising a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of examples 17 to 28.
  • An apparatus comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of examples 1 to 16.
  • An apparatus comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of examples 17 to 28.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of examples 1 to 16.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of examples 17 to 28.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
  • a CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc.
  • CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.
  • IS-2000 Releases may be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc.
  • IS-856 TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc.
  • UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA.
  • a TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), E-UTRA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc.
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • E-UTRA Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Wi-Fi Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • IEEE 802.20 Flash-OFDM
  • UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
  • LTE, LTE-A, and LTE-A Pro are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA.
  • UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, and GSM are described in documents from the organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP).
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2).
  • 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2
  • the techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned herein as well as other systems and radio technologies. While aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR applications.
  • a macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
  • a small cell may be associated with a lower-powered base station, as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) frequency bands as macro cells.
  • Small cells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according to various examples.
  • a pico cell for example, may cover a small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
  • a femto cell may also cover a small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, and the like).
  • An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB.
  • An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB.
  • An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells, and may also support communications using one or multiple component carriers.
  • the wireless communications systems described herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation.
  • the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time.
  • the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time.
  • the techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
  • Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques.
  • data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).
  • the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
  • Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
  • non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • “or” as used in a list of items indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).
  • the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.”

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US11756426B2 (en) * 2018-07-23 2023-09-12 Newtrax Holdings Inc Method and system for acknowledging presence in a context-aware environment
US20220279536A1 (en) * 2019-08-09 2022-09-01 JRD Communication (Shenzhen) Ltd. Pre-emption in sidelink communications
US20220070887A1 (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method, apparatus, and use thereof for radio communication
CN114286288A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2022-04-05 维沃移动通信有限公司 信息传输方法、资源选择方法、装置及电子设备
CN112367706A (zh) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-12 Tcl通讯（宁波）有限公司 资源分配方法、装置及存储介质
CN116349333A (zh) * 2020-10-29 2023-06-27 株式会社Ntt都科摩 终端以及通信方法
EP4117322A1 (en) * 2021-07-08 2023-01-11 Volkswagen Ag Methods for a vehicle for improving communication via a radio channel, apparatus, vehicle and computer program
CN113923241A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-11 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 用于物联网设备配网的方法及装置、路由器、物联网设备
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