US20200088011A1

US20200088011A1 - Inspection tool for a perforating gun segment

Info

Publication number: US20200088011A1
Application number: US16/568,503
Authority: US
Inventors: Christian Eitschberger; Stefan Volberg
Original assignee: DynaEnergetics GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: DynaEnergetics GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2018-09-17
Filing date: 2019-09-12
Publication date: 2020-03-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-12
Also published as: CN112639249A; US20210148194A1; US11053778B2; US10597979B1; WO2020058098A1; US20200173259A1; US11578566B2

Abstract

According to certain exemplary embodiments, an inspection tool and method for inspecting a perforating gun segment includes, among other things, placing a perforating gun segment in a perforating gun segment holder between a male connecting portion and a female connecting portion, wherein each of the male connecting portion and female connecting portion includes one or more electrical contacts and distance sensors. A piston may push the male connecting portion against an internal gun assembly of the perforating gun segment such that the internal gun assembly is pushed to a desired location within the perforating gun segment, as measured by the distance sensors, and into electrical contact with the male and female connecting portions such that electrical properties of the perforating gun segment may be measured.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/732,424 filed Sep. 17, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Downhole operations in oil and gas wells typically involve, among other things, deploying one or more perforating guns into the wellbore to perforate wellbore casing and tubing and surrounding hydrocarbon-bearing formations to liberate and collect oil and gas within the formations. Once a perforating gun is deployed into a wellbore to a desired position, shaped charges that the perforating gun carries are detonated to create the desired perforations. Accordingly, a typical perforating gun includes, among other things, electrical connections for receiving a detonation signal and initiating detonating components such as a detonator and a detonating cord for ballistically detonating the shaped charges. An exemplary perforating gun is described below with reference to FIG. 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, the perforating gun 100 includes a gun carrier 110 having a top end 101 and a bottom end 102 opposite the top end 101. The gun carrier 110 is typically a cylindrical metal body that isolates a charge carrier 141 from, among other things, wellbore fluid that is pumped under high hydraulic pressure into the wellbore to further open the perforations and create further cracks and flow paths in the hydrocarbon-bearing formation for the recovery of oil and gas. The wellbore fluid may damage or render inoperable internal components of the perforating gun 100 or cause premature detonation of shaped charges 142 if the wellbore fluid infiltrates a hollow interior 130 of the gun carrier 110 in which the various internal components are housed. The various internal components of the perforating gun 100 may be arranged as an internal gun assembly 140 including the charge carrier 141. The charge carrier 141 may have a shape and features designed to orient and/or retain the various internal components such as the shaped charges 142, a detonating cord 143, an electrically conductive line/electrically conductive through wire 144, and a ground contact 145 (in FIG. 1, the ground contact is shown as a ground bar). The charge carrier 141 may be, for example, an injection molded structure.
Multiple connected perforating guns (“perforating gun segments”) are often deployed into the wellbore as a gun string to improve operational efficiency by allowing multiple perforating intervals to be performed during a single deployment (run) into the wellbore. For example and with continuing reference to FIG. 1, the top end 101 of the gun carrier 110 may be connected to an upstream gun carrier 102′ (only the connecting portion of the upstream gun carrier 102′/perforating gun segment is shown in FIG. 1) and the bottom end 102 of the gun carrier 110 may be connected to a downstream gun carrier 101′ (only the connecting portion of the downstream gun carrier 101′/perforating gun segment is shown in FIG. 1) by virtue of respective tandem sub connectors 151 that threadingly connect on opposite sides (as described below) of the tandem sub connector 151 to complimentary threaded portions on each of the successive gun carriers 110, 101′, 102′. For purposes of this disclosure, “downstream” means further into the wellbore and “upstream” means further towards the surface of the wellbore. Electrical signals relayed by, e.g., the conductive line 144 may be transferred between successive gun segments as described below.
In an example shown in FIG. 1 at the bottom end 102 of the perforating gun 100, a first side 152 of the tandem sub 151 connects to the gun carrier 110 of the illustrated perforating gun 100 while a second side 153 of the tandem sub 151 connects to the gun carrier 101′ of the downstream perforating gun. An enlarged circumferential portion 154 of the tandem sub 151 provides a seal between the successive perforating guns. A pressure bulkhead 150 with an electrical feedthrough is housed within the tandem sub 151 and may provide an electrical connection between respective conductive lines in each of the successive perforating guns and/or between a conductive line of the upstream perforating gun and a detonator 155 of the downstream perforating gun. The conductive line 144 may relay an electrical signal along a length L of the perforating gun segment 100 from a top bulkhead feedthrough connection 156 to a bottom bulkhead feedthrough connection 157 and thereby to a successive perforating gun segment for, among other things, initiating selective detonation of a particular perforating gun segment by, e.g., providing a coded digital signal to arm the particular perforating gun segment and an electrical input to activate the detonator of that perforating gun segment and thereby initiate the associated detonating cord. For purposes of this disclosure, “selective detonation” means that each perforating gun in the gun string may be detonated individually and at different times, for example, when a digital signal corresponding to a particular perforating gun segment is received at that perforating gun segment. In use, the perforating gun segments in the gun string must be detonated in a “bottom-up” fashion—i.e., the furthest downstream perforating gun at each interval must be detonated before the others—otherwise the conductive line will be severed between remaining perforating guns.
In view of at least the above considerations, mechanical dimensions and electrical performance must be within tight tolerances to ensure safe and reliable operation of perforating gun segments in gun strings. For example, the position of the internal gun assembly 140 must be precisely set to make proper electrical contact with, e.g., the feedthrough bulkheads 150. In addition, reliable electrical and ground connections and feedthrough properties of conductive components are critical for ensuring that an electrical signal is safely and effectively relayed between contact points on opposing ends of the perforating gun segment. Accordingly, these and other properties of a perforating gun segment may be tested/verified to particular quality specifications before the perforating gun segment is shipped. Typical methods for conducting such measurements may include, for example, manually or digitally measuring physical dimensions of the perforating gun segment and sequentially attaching electrical leads to different electrical (and related) components to measure various electrical properties and logging the results individually. The typical processes may be slow, labor intensive, and susceptible to human error.
For at least the above reasons, devices, systems, and methods are needed for efficiently and accurately measuring and logging physical dimensions and electrical properties of a perforating gun segment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

In an aspect, the exemplary embodiments relate to an inspection tool for a perforating gun segment, comprising a male connecting portion, wherein the male connecting portion includes a feedthrough connection, a ground bar connection, and a first distance sensor, and a female connecting portion, wherein the female connecting portion includes a pin contact point. A perforating gun segment holder is between the male connecting portion and the female connecting portion, and the perforating gun segment holder is configured for receiving the perforating gun segment and positioning the perforating gun segment such that a top end of the perforating gun segment is nearest to the male connecting portion and a bottom end of the perforating gun segment is nearest to the female connecting portion when the perforating gun segment is received by the perforating gun segment holder.
In another aspect, the exemplary embodiments relate to an inspection system for a perforating gun segment, comprising a male connecting portion including at least one electrical connection and a piston including a piston rod, wherein the piston rod is connected to the male connecting portion and the piston is configured for pushing via the piston rod the male connecting portion against an internal gun assembly within a hollow interior of the perforating gun segment. The male connecting portion is configured for pushing, under the force of the piston, the internal gun assembly within the hollow interior of the perforating gun segment to a reference point of the perforating gun segment. A female connecting portion of the inspection system includes at least one electrical contact. The inspection system includes a user interface. At least one of the male connecting portion and the female connecting portion includes a distance sensor, wherein the distance sensor is configured for measuring a distance within the hollow interior to which the male connecting portion has pushed the internal gun assembly and thereby determining that the internal gun assembly has reached the reference point.
In another aspect, the exemplary embodiments relate to a method for measuring electrical properties of a perforating gun segment, comprising positioning a perforating gun segment between a male connecting portion and a female connecting portion, wherein the perforating gun segment includes an internal gun assembly, a feedthrough conductor, and a ground contact within a hollow interior of the perforating gun segment. The male connecting portion includes a feedthrough connection and a ground bar connection, and the female connecting portion includes a pin contact point. The method includes pushing the male connecting portion against the internal gun assembly and thereby electrically connecting the feedthrough connection to the feedthrough conductor and the ground bar connection to the ground contact. The method further includes pushing with the male connecting portion the internal gun assembly to a reference point along the perforating gun segment or within the hollow interior and thereby electrically connecting the pin contact point and the feedthrough conductor. The method also includes providing an electrical contact lead to a metal body of the perforating gun segment and measuring a feedthrough resistance of the feedthrough conductor between the feedthrough contact and the pin contact point, measuring a ground contact resistance of the ground contact between the ground bar connector and the metal body, and measuring an insulation resistance between the feedthrough conductor and the ground contact.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more particular description will be rendered by reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments thereof and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, exemplary embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a cutaway view of a perforating gun segment according to the prior art;

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an inspection tool according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2B is a reverse perspective view of the exemplary inspection tool according to FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a male connecting portion of the exemplary inspection tool according to FIGS. 2A and 2B; and,

FIG. 4 shows stages of an exemplary method for measuring physical and electrical parameters of a perforating gun segment.

Various features and aspects of the exemplary embodiments will become more apparent from the following detailed description, along with the accompanying figures in which like numerals represent like components throughout the figures and text. The various described features are not necessarily drawn to scale but are drawn to emphasize specific features relevant to some embodiments.
The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to limit the scope of the description or the claims. To facilitate understanding, reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate like elements common to the figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation and is not meant as a limitation and does not constitute a definition of all possible embodiments.
With reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, an exemplary inspection tool 200 for a perforating gun segment 201 is shown. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the perforating gun segment 201 is received by a perforating gun segment holder 210, which in the exemplary embodiment is a plurality of supportive rollers 211 which both support the perforating gun segment 201 in an appropriate position with respect to other components (discussed below) of the inspection tool 200 and allow the perforating gun segment 201 to freely and easily move laterally as part of an exemplary method (discussed below with reference to FIG. 4) for measuring the physical and electrical parameters of the perforating gun segment 201.
Continuing with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, a top end 202 of the perforating gun segment 201 is positioned nearest to a male connecting portion 220 of the inspection tool 200 and a bottom end 203 of the perforating gun segment 201 is positioned nearest to a female connecting portion 250 of the inspection tool 200 when the perforating gun segment 201 is received in the perforating gun segment holder 210. The male connecting portion 220 is connected via a piston rod 240 to a piston 230 that is configured for moving the male connecting portion 220 in a first direction A towards the top end 202 of the perforating gun segment 201 and in a second direction B away from the top end 202 of the perforating gun segment 201 in accordance with an exemplary method described further below. The piston 230 may be supported on piston feet 270 to align the piston rod 240 and the male connecting portion 220 with the appropriate portions of the perforating gun segment 201. In an exemplary embodiment, the male connecting portion 220 and the piston rod 240 may be an integral structure. In other embodiments, the male connecting portion 220 and the piston rod 240 may be separate components joined by welding, mating components, threaded connections, or any technique or configuration consistent with this disclosure. For purposes of this disclosure and with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B and FIG. 3, the male connecting portion 220 refers generally to a structure including one or more of a feedthrough connection 310, a ground bar connection 320, and a first distance sensor 330, while the piston rod 240 refers generally to a structure that moves the male connecting portion 220 and associated components, e.g., 310, 320, 330, by the action of the piston 230.
In an aspect, with continuing reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B and further reference to FIG. 3, an abutment plate 280 circumscribes at least a portion of at least one of the male connecting portion 220 and the piston rod 240. The abutment plate 280 according to the exemplary embodiment(s) shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B and FIG. 3 includes a distance sensor fixture 331 from which the first distance sensor 330 extends in a configuration for contacting a surface 332 of an annular face 204 of the perforating gun segment 201 when the male connecting portion 220 is advanced towards the top end 202 of the perforating gun segment 201 and pushes, under the force of the piston 230, the internal gun assembly 440 (FIG. 4) within a hollow interior 480 (FIG. 4) of the perforating gun segment 201 in accordance with the exemplary method described below with respect to FIG. 4. The first distance sensor 330 may measure a distance within the hollow interior 480 to which the internal gun assembly 440 and/or male connecting portion 220 is advanced under the pushing force of the piston 230. In the exemplary embodiments, the first distance sensor 330 may be a transducer or a mechanical pin. In other embodiments, the first distance sensor 330 may be any device in any configuration consistent with this disclosure for measuring a distance that the male connecting portion 220 and/or the internal gun assembly 440 travels with respect to the perforating gun segment 201. The first distance sensor 330 may measure the distance within the hollow interior 480 to which the male connecting portion 220/internal gun assembly 440 is advanced for determining whether the internal gun assembly 440 is positioned at a desired reference point representing a proper positioning of the internal gun assembly 440 within the hollow interior 480 of the perforating gun segment 201, 401 (FIG. 4). The reference point may be, for example and without limitation, a point or position along the length of the perforating gun segment 201, 401 or within the hollow interior 480 at which a portion of the internal gun assembly 440 should be located in a proper configuration. Any number of reference points may be used—for example, a “top” reference point may refer to a reference point nearest the top end 202 of the perforating gun segment 201 while a “bottom” reference point may be nearest the bottom end 203 of the perforating gun segment 201. In an embodiment where the female connecting portion 250 includes a distance sensor in addition to or instead of the first distance sensor, as described below, the distance sensor of the female connecting portion 250 may also measure the position of the internal gun assembly 440 with respect to one or more reference points. In the disclosed or other embodiments, a device for directly measuring a distance between the internal gun assembly 440 and the reference point(s) may be used in conjunction with or instead of the first distance sensor 330. An exemplary device for directly measuring such distance may be, for example and without limitation, an optical sensor.
With further reference to the exemplary embodiment of the inspection tool 200 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the female connecting portion 250 of the inspection tool 200 is adjacent to the bottom end 203 of the perforating gun segment 201 when the perforating gun segment 201 is received by the perforating gun segment holder 210. In the exemplary embodiments, the female connecting portion 250 includes a pin contact point 290 that serves both as an electrical contact for one or more components of the internal gun assembly 440, such as a conductive line 450 (FIG. 4) or a detonating cord 460 including a conductive line (for example, a conductive detonating cord as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 62/683,083 filed Jun. 11, 2018, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety), and a second distance sensor for measuring a distance that the internal gun assembly 440 travels under the pushing force of the piston 230 after making electrical contact with the pin contact point 290. The second distance sensor may be a transducer, mechanical pin, or other component as discussed with respect to the first distance sensor 330. In the same or other embodiments, one or more separate components of the female connecting portion 250 may include a device for measuring at least one of the distance that the internal gun assembly 440 travels under the pushing force of the piston 230 after making electrical contact with the pin contact point 290, a gross distance that the internal gun assembly 440 travels under the pushing force of the piston 230, and a distance between the internal gun assembly 440 and, e.g., a bottom reference point of the perforating gun segment 201 as described above with respect to the first distance sensor 330.
In an aspect, the exemplary inspection tool 200 also includes an alignment plate 260 positioned between the perforating gun segment 201 and the female connecting portion 250. The alignment plate 260 includes an aperture 265 configured for receiving, positioning, and supporting the perforating gun segment 201 adjacent to the female connecting portion 250 as shown and described with respect to FIG. 4. With reference back to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the bottom end 203 of the perforating gun segment 201 is threadingly connected to a tandem sub 251. The tandem sub 251 has an outside diameter d2 that is less than an outside diameter d1 of the perforating gun segment 201. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the aperture 265 is substantially circular and has a diameter d3 configured for receiving the tandem sub 251 through the aperture 265 such that the alignment plate 260 abuts a portion of the perforating gun segment 201 and thereby prevents the perforating gun segment 201 from moving past a certain distance from the female connecting portion 250. The arrangement of the perforating gun segment 201, alignment plate 260, and female connecting portion 250 is further described below with respect to FIG. 4.
With reference now to FIG. 3, an exploded view of the exemplary male connecting portion 220 is shown. The male connecting portion 220 includes the feedthrough connection 310, the ground bar connection 320, and the first distance sensor 330. In operation, and as described below in the exemplary method with respect to FIG. 4, the feedthrough connection 310 is configured for making electrical contact with a feedthrough conductor such as a conductive line 450 or conductive detonating cord 460 in the perforating gun segment 201 when the male connecting portion 220 is advanced by the piston 230 into contact with the internal gun assembly 440. The ground bar connection 320 is configured for making electrical contact with a ground contact (145, FIG. 1) such as, for example and without limitation, a ground wire, a ground spring, a stamped sheeted metal ground contact (such as, e.g., a ground bar), or an integrated ground contact on a detonator (for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,605,937 issued Mar. 28, 2017 and U.S. Pat. No. 9,581,422 issued Feb. 28, 2017, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety). The first distance sensor 330 is configured for contacting the surface 332 of the perforating gun segment 201 as described above. The surface 332 of the perforating gun segment 201 in the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B and FIG. 3 is on the annular face 204 of the perforating gun segment 201. In other embodiments, a distance sensor on the male connecting portion 220 may contact any portion of the perforating gun segment 201, including the internal gun assembly 440, or may be a free-operating device such as an accelerometer depending on the type and configuration of the distance sensor, perforating gun segment, and desired configuration of the inspection tool 200 and associated inspection method.
In a further aspect of the exemplary embodiments, the first distance sensor 330, the pin contact point 290, and/or one or more separate components of at least one of the male connecting portion 220, the piston 230, and the female connecting portion 250 may be configured for measuring an amount of pushing force or pressure that the piston 230 applies to the internal gun assembly 440. For example and without limitation, the pushing force or pressure may be measured by a transducer or a biasing mechanism configured for measuring the pushing force/pressure as a function of the degree to which the biasing forces are overcome. In one aspect, the pushing force/pressure may be controlled so as to not damage the internal gun assembly 440 or inspection tool components. In another aspect, a position of the internal gun assembly 440 may be determined according to the applied force/pressure by, e.g., detecting a change in the applied force/pressure when the internal gun assembly 440 makes contact with the male connecting portion 220 and/or the pin contact point 290, and/or according to the applied force/pressure that may be required to, e.g., advance the internal gun assembly 440 such that a distance sensor registers movement of the internal gun assembly 440.
With reference now to FIG. 4, a method 400 for inspecting a perforating gun segment 401 according to the exemplary disclosed embodiments is illustrated. At step 410, a perforating gun segment 401 is placed into a perforating gun segment holder 210 (FIGS. 2A and 2B) including rollers 411 according to the exemplary disclosed embodiments. At step 420, the perforating gun segment 401 has been moved, for example, manually, through an aperture (265, FIGS. 2A and 2B) in an alignment plate 424 such that a portion of the perforating gun segment 401 is adjacent to a female connecting portion 423. As previously discussed with respect to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the exemplary rollers 211 allow free and easy movement of the perforating gun segment 201 on the perforating gun segment holder 210, such that the perforating gun segment 401 shown in FIG. 4 may be manually moved into the position shown in step 420. Also as previously discussed with respect to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the aperture 265 has a diameter such that a tandem sub 251 that is threadingly connected to a bottom end 203 of the perforating gun segment 201 is received by the aperture 265 while the alignment plate 260 abuts a portion of the perforating gun segment 201 and thereby prevents the perforating gun segment 201 from moving past a certain distance from the female connecting portion 250. With reference back to FIG. 4, the perforating gun segment 401 at step 420 has been moved accordingly so as to abut the alignment plate 424. Rollers 411 allow the perforating gun segment 401 to be freely and easily moved laterally into position with respect to the female connecting portion 423. As also shown in step 420, a piston 421 advances a male connecting portion 422, according to the exemplary disclosed embodiments, towards the perforating gun segment 401 (i.e., in a direction A (FIG. 2A)).
At step 430, a feedthrough connection according to the exemplary disclosed embodiments of the male connecting portion 422 is placed into electrical contact with a feedthrough conductor, such as the conductive line 450 or a conductive detonating cord 460 of the perforating gun segment 401, as the internal gun assembly 440 is correspondingly pushed by the male connecting portion 422, under the force of the piston 421, to a position within the hollow interior 480 of the perforating gun segment 401. Also at step 430, a ground bar connection according to the exemplary disclosed embodiments of the male connecting portion 422 is placed into electrical contact with a ground contact 470 as described above and a first distance sensor 425 according to the exemplary disclosed embodiments of the male connecting portion 422 is placed into contact with a portion of the perforating gun segment 401. In the exemplary method shown in FIG. 4, the first distance sensor 425 measures a distance to which the male connecting portion 422 advances after the first distance sensor 425 makes contact with the portion of the perforating gun segment 401. The abutting relationship of the perforating gun segment 401 and the alignment plate 424 prevents the perforating gun segment 401 (excluding the internal gun assembly 440 which is pushed within the hollow interior 480 of the perforating gun segment 401) from further lateral movement under the force of the piston 421 as applied to the first distance sensor 425 and the internal gun assembly 440. According to the exemplary disclosed embodiments, the first distance sensor 425 may also function as a force or pressure sensor for determining an amount of force or pressure that the piston 421 exerts on the internal gun assembly 440.
Step 430 further shows that the internal gun assembly 440 is pushed to a position at which a feedthrough connection such as a pin contact point 290 according to the exemplary disclosed embodiments of the female connecting portion 423 is placed into electrical contact with the feedthrough conductor 450. According to the exemplary disclosed embodiments, the feedthrough connection of the female connecting portion 423 may also function as a second distance sensor for measuring a distance to which the internal gun assembly 440 advances after the feedthrough connection of the female connecting portion 423 contacts the internal gun assembly 440. In addition, the feedthrough connection/second distance sensor may also serve as a force or pressure sensor for determining an amount of force or pressure that the piston 421 exerts on the internal gun assembly 440.
With continuing reference to the exemplary method illustrated in FIG. 4, the internal gun assembly 440 is moved to a desired position (e.g., according to one or more reference points of the perforating gun segment 401) within the hollow interior 480 of the perforating gun segment 401 as determined by the first distance sensor, second distance sensor, and/or one or more force/pressure sensors. Once the internal gun assembly 440 is in the desired position, the inspection tool may measure electrical properties of the perforating gun segment 401 to ensure, among other things, that the proper electrical connections are made with the internal gun assembly 440 at the desired position. For example, the respective feedthrough connections of the male connecting portion 422 and the female connecting portion 423 are together configured to measure a feedthrough resistance of the feedthrough conductor 450. In an aspect, a voltage may be applied between the feedthrough connector of the male connecting portion 422 and the feedthrough connector of the female connecting portion 423 via respective feedthrough leads 491, 491′ of the male connecting portion 422 and the female connecting portion 423, wherein the respective feedthrough leads 491, 491′ are electrically connected to the corresponding feedthrough connections of the male connecting portion 422 and the female connecting portion 423. The feedthrough resistance measurement is for ensuring that the resistance across the feedthrough conductor 450 is below a certain threshold for effectively relaying an electrical signal between respective electrical contacts at the top end and the bottom end of the perforating gun segment 401/internal gun assembly 440.
In another aspect, a ground contact resistance of the ground contact 470 may be measured by applying a voltage between the ground bar connection and a portion of a metal body (e.g., gun carrier 110 (FIG. 1)) of the perforating gun segment 401 or the alignment plate 424 with which the metal body is in electrically conductive contact, via a ground lead 490 which is in electrical contact with the ground bar connection and an electrical contact at the portion of the perforating gun segment 401 or the alignment plate 424. The ground contact resistance measurement is for ensuring that the resistance across the ground contact 470 is below a certain threshold for an effective ground connection of the perforating gun segment 401.
In a further aspect according to the exemplary method shown in FIG. 4, an insulation resistance between the feedthrough conductor 450 and the ground contact 470 may be measured by applying a voltage between the feedthrough connection of the male connecting portion 422 and a portion of the metal body of the perforating gun segment 401/alignment plate 424 as described above. The insulation resistance measurement is for verifying that the resistance between the feedthrough conductor 450 and the ground contact 470 (via the metal body of the perforating gun segment 401) is above a certain threshold that would indicate a short circuit between the feedthrough conductor 450 and the ground contact 470 of the internal gun assembly 440 within the hollow interior 480 of the perforating gun segment 401.
In the event that the above (and/or other) measurements are taken according to the method described with respect to FIG. 4 and all of the measurements are within defined quality specifications, the exemplary method may further include moving with the piston 421 the male connecting portion 422 in a direction (i.e., direction B (FIG. 2A)) away from the perforating gun segment 401 and out of contact with the internal gun assembly 440. The perforating gun segment 401 may then be moved out of and away from the aperture and the alignment plate 424 and removed from the perforating gun segment holder.
In the event that any measurements taken according to the exemplary method are outside of defined quality specifications, the exemplary method may further include locking, under the force of the piston 421, the internal gun assembly 440 within the hollow interior 480 of the perforating gun segment 201. For example, if any of the feedthrough resistance, ground contact resistance, insulation resistance, or distance measurements with respect to the position of the internal gun assembly 440 within the hollow interior 480 of the perforating gun segment 201 are outside of such specifications, the piston 421 will lock the internal gun assembly 440 at its current position. The inspection system may log the errant measurement(s) associated with the particular perforating gun segment 201 and the internal gun assembly 440 may remain locked until the errant measurement(s) are acknowledged, for example, by an operator. Once the errant measurement(s) are acknowledged, the piston 421 may release the internal gun assembly 440 and the perforating gun segment 201 may be removed as described above.
As discussed above, the distance(s) measured with respect to the position of the internal gun assembly 440 may vary in alternative embodiments. For example, the distance measurement may be a displacement of the internal gun assembly 440 respectively from the top end 202 and the bottom end 203 of the perforating gun segment 201. The distance measurement may be a distance of the internal gun assembly 440 relative to one or more reference points on the perforating gun segment 201 or within the hollow interior 480. The distance measurement may be a degree of travel by one or more distance sensors at one or both of the male connection portion 220 and the female connecting portion 250.
The applicable threshold resistances for each of the above measurements may vary according to a variety of factors including the design and application requirements for particular perforating guns. In addition, the various measurements discussed above are exemplary and not limiting. Other physical and electrical properties of a perforating gun segment may be measured using appropriate measurement tools and configurations consistent with the exemplary embodiments of an inspection tool disclosed herein.
In another aspect of the exemplary devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein, information regarding a particular perforating gun segment undergoing inspection and corresponding inspection parameters may be input, displayed, configured, and/or stored, and operation of the inspection tool may be controlled, via a system including, for example and without limitation, a user interface, a visual display, a processor, and one or more electronic storage mediums. An exemplary user interface may include an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, keypad, and the like for allowing a user to manually input information regarding the perforating gun segment undergoing inspection. The information may include, for example and without limitation, an identity, type, application, etc. of the perforating gun segment. The user interface may also include an automated or semi-automated input system such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, barcode, and the like that is scanned manually by a user or automatically by the inspection tool or a separate component with a corresponding scanner or reader when, e.g., the perforating gun segment is placed in the perforating gun segment holder. In the case of automatic scanning, the scanner or reader would be on or near the inspection tool and configured for allowing the scanner/reader to activate or scan the RFID tag or barcode, for example.
The user interface may further include a control system for manually controlling operation of the inspection tool, wherein controlling operation of the inspection tool may include, for example and without limitation, initiating one or more aspects of the inspection method, providing an emergency stop for the inspection, adjusting an operating parameter of a component of the inspection tool, etc.
The visual display may include, for example and without limitation, a monitor, gauge, and the like for presenting to a user information regarding the perforating gun segment, inspection progress, measurement results, etc. Accordingly, a user may view and verify in real time the inspection procedure and results. The visual display and user interface together may be further configured for, e.g., adjusting the presentation of information on the visual display and inputting additional information or notes regarding the inspection.
The processor may include any known programmable circuitry. The processor may, for example, adjust the inspection parameters and/or measurement thresholds according to input information regarding the particular perforating gun segment undergoing inspection and/or automatically control operation of one or more aspects of the inspection method and system as described above with respect to the user interface. The processor may also control the visual display as discussed above.
The electronic storage medium may include, for example and without limitation, non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), dynamic memory such as main memory or hard drive memory, a hard disk, RAM, PROM, EPROM, FLASH-EPROM, memory chip or cartridge, or any other medium with which a computer can read and/or write. The electronic storage medium may be incorporated in one or more of a local device such as a desktop/laptop computer at the inspection station, a remote device such as a central server, or a virtual platform such as cloud storage. The electronic storage medium may communicate with one or more of the user interface, display, and processor for associating and storing retrievable information about each perforating gun segment, inspection, measurement result, operator, etc.
The present disclosure, in various embodiments, configurations and aspects, includes components, methods, processes, systems and/or apparatuses substantially developed as depicted and described herein, including various embodiments, sub-combinations, and subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art will understand how to make and use the present disclosure after understanding the present disclosure. The present disclosure, in various embodiments, configurations and aspects, includes providing devices and processes in the absence of items not depicted and/or described herein or in various embodiments, configurations, or aspects hereof, including in the absence of such items as may have been used in previous devices or processes, e.g., for improving performance, achieving ease and/or reducing cost of implementation.
The phrases “at least one”, “one or more”, and “and/or” are open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C”, “at least one of A, B, or C”, “one or more of A, B, and C”, “one or more of A, B, or C” and “A, B, and/or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B and C together.
In this specification and the claims that follow, reference will be made to a number of terms that have the following meanings. The terms “a” (or “an”) and “the” refer to one or more of that entity, thereby including plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “an embodiment” and the like are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term such as “about” is not to be limited to the precise value specified. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Terms such as “first,” “second,” “upper,” “lower” etc. are used to identify one element from another, and unless otherwise specified are not meant to refer to a particular order or number of elements.
As used herein, the terms “may” and “may be” indicate a possibility of an occurrence within a set of circumstances; a possession of a specified property, characteristic or function; and/or qualify another verb by expressing one or more of an ability, capability, or possibility associated with the qualified verb. Accordingly, usage of “may” and “may be” indicates that a modified term is apparently appropriate, capable, or suitable for an indicated capacity, function, or usage, while taking into account that in some circumstances the modified term may sometimes not be appropriate, capable, or suitable. For example, in some circumstances an event or capacity can be expected, while in other circumstances the event or capacity cannot occur—this distinction is captured by the terms “may” and “may be.”
As used in the claims, the word “comprises” and its grammatical variants logically also subtend and include phrases of varying and differing extent such as for example, but not limited thereto, “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of.” Where necessary, ranges have been supplied, and those ranges are inclusive of all sub-ranges therebetween. It is to be expected that variations in these ranges will suggest themselves to a practitioner having ordinary skill in the art and, where not already dedicated to the public, the appended claims should cover those variations.
The terms “determine”, “calculate” and “compute,” and variations thereof, as used herein, are used interchangeably and include any type of methodology, process, mathematical operation or technique.
The foregoing discussion of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the form or forms disclosed herein. In the foregoing Detailed Description for example, various features of the present disclosure are grouped together in one or more embodiments, configurations, or aspects for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. The features of the embodiments, configurations, or aspects of the present disclosure may be combined in alternate embodiments, configurations, or aspects other than those discussed above. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the present disclosure requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, the claimed features lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment, configuration, or aspect. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of the present disclosure.
Advances in science and technology may make equivalents and substitutions possible that are not now contemplated by reason of the imprecision of language; these variations should be covered by the appended claims. This written description uses examples to disclose the method, machine and computer-readable medium, including the best mode, and also to enable any person of ordinary skill in the art to practice these, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope thereof is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An inspection tool for a perforating gun segment, comprising:

a male connecting portion, wherein the male connecting portion includes a feedthrough connection, a ground bar connection, and a first distance sensor;

a female connecting portion, wherein the female connecting portion includes a pin contact point; and,

at least one perforating gun segment holder, wherein the perforating gun segment holder is between the male connecting portion and the female connecting portion, wherein the perforating gun segment holder is configured for receiving the perforating gun segment and positioning the perforating gun segment such that a top end of the perforating gun segment is nearest to the male connecting portion and a bottom end of the perforating gun segment is nearest to the female connecting portion when the perforating gun segment is received by the perforating gun segment holder.

2. The inspection tool of claim 1, further comprising a piston including a piston rod, wherein

the piston rod is connected to the male connecting portion and is actuatable by the piston to move the male connecting portion in a first direction towards the top end of the perforating gun segment to a point at which the feedthrough connection is in electrical contact with a feedthrough conductor of the perforating gun segment, the ground bar connection is in electrical contact with a ground contact of the perforating gun segment, and the first distance sensor is in physical contact with at least a pre-defined surface of the perforating gun segment.

3. The inspection tool of claim 2, wherein the male connecting portion is configured for pushing, under the force of the piston, against an internal gun assembly within a hollow interior of the perforating gun segment.

4. The inspection tool of claim 3, further wherein the male connecting portion is configured for pushing, under the force of the piston, the internal gun assembly to a first reference point of the perforating gun segment.

5. The inspection tool of claim 4, wherein the first distance sensor is configured for measuring a distance to which the male connecting portion travels after the first distance sensor is in physical contact with the pre-defined surface.

6. The inspection tool of claim 3, further comprising a sensor configured for measuring at least one of a force or a pressure that the piston exerts on the internal gun assembly.

7. The inspection tool of claim 3, wherein the male connecting portion is configured for pushing, under the force of the piston, the internal gun assembly to a point at which the feedthrough conductor is in electrical contact with the pin contact point.

8. The inspection tool of claim 4, wherein the female connecting portion includes a second distance sensor, wherein the second distance sensor is configured for measuring a distance between at least a portion of the internal gun assembly and at least one of the first reference point and a second reference point of the perforating gun segment.

9. The inspection tool of claim 1, wherein the perforating gun segment holder includes rollers, wherein the rollers are configured for allowing free and easy lateral movement of the perforating gun segment on the perforating gun segment holder.

10. The inspection tool of claim 1, wherein

the feedthrough connection and the pin contact point are respectively configured for being in electrical contact with a feedthrough conductor of the perforating gun segment and together configured for measuring a feedthrough resistance of the feedthrough conductor,

the ground bar connection is configured for being in electrical contact with a ground contact of the perforating gun segment, wherein the ground bar connection and an electrical connection to a metal body of the perforating gun segment are together configured for measuring a ground contact resistance of the ground contact, and

the feedthrough connection and the electrical connection to the metal body are together configured to measure an insulation resistance between the feedthrough conductor and the ground contact.

11. The inspection tool of claim 10, wherein the feedthrough conductor is one of a conductive line and a conductive detonating cord.

12. The inspection tool of claim 1, further comprising a piston including a piston rod, wherein the piston rod is connected to the male connecting portion and the male connecting portion is configured for pushing, under the force of the piston, the internal gun assembly to a position within a hollow interior of the perforating gun segment, and

in the event that one or more of a feedthrough resistance, a ground contact resistance, an insulation resistance, a distance between the top end of the perforating gun segment and the internal gun assembly, and a distance between the bottom end of the perforating gun segment and the internal gun assembly is outside of defined specifications, the piston is further configured to lock the internal gun assembly at the position within the hollow interior.

13. An inspection system for a perforating gun segment, comprising:

a male connecting portion including at least one electrical connection;

a piston including a piston rod, wherein the piston rod is connected to the male connecting portion and the piston is configured for pushing via the piston rod the male connecting portion against an internal gun assembly within a hollow interior of the perforating gun segment, further wherein the male connecting portion is configured for pushing, under the force of the piston, the internal gun assembly within the hollow interior of the perforating gun segment to a reference point of the perforating gun segment;

a female connecting portion, wherein the female connecting portion includes at least one electrical contact; and,

a user interface,

wherein at least one of the male connecting portion and the female connecting portion includes a distance sensor, wherein the distance sensor is configured for measuring a distance within the hollow interior to which the male connecting portion has pushed the internal gun assembly and thereby determining that the internal gun assembly has reached the reference point.

14. The inspection system of claim 13, wherein the user interface is configured for at least one of receiving input data regarding the perforating gun segment, displaying information regarding the perforating gun segment, the inspection system, and a status or result of an inspection process or a measurement that is made as part of the inspection process, controlling at least one operation of the inspection system, and storing the data regarding the perforating gun segment or data regarding the inspection process or measurement of the perforating gun segment.

15. The inspection system of claim 14, wherein the user interface is further configured for associating the stored data regarding the perforating gun segment and data regarding the inspection process or measurement of the perforating gun segment.

16. A method for measuring electrical properties of a perforating gun segment, comprising:

positioning a perforating gun segment between a male connecting portion and a female connecting portion, wherein

the perforating gun segment includes an internal gun assembly, a feedthrough conductor, and a ground contact within a hollow interior of the perforating gun segment,

the male connecting portion includes a feedthrough connection and a ground bar connection, and

the female connecting portion includes a pin contact point;

pushing the male connecting portion against the internal gun assembly and thereby electrically connecting the feedthrough connection to the feedthrough conductor and the ground bar connection to the ground contact;

pushing with the male connecting portion the internal gun assembly to a reference point along the perforating gun segment or within the hollow interior and thereby electrically connecting the pin contact point and the feedthrough conductor;

providing an electrical contact lead to a metal body of the perforating gun segment;

measuring a feedthrough resistance of the feedthrough conductor between the feedthrough contact and the pin contact point;

measuring a ground contact resistance of the ground contact between the ground bar connector and the metal body; and,

measuring an insulation resistance between the feedthrough conductor and the ground contact.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the male connecting portion includes a distance sensor for determining when the internal gun assembly has reached the reference point.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising measuring an amount of a force or a pressure that the male connecting portion applies to the internal gun assembly.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising

inputting via a user interface information regarding the perforating gun segment; and,

associating the information regarding the perforating gun segment and a result of the one or more measurements.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein pushing the male connecting portion includes pushing the male connecting portion with a piston rod attached to a piston, the method further comprising locking, under the force of the piston, the internal gun assembly within the hollow interior of the perforating gun segment if one or more of the feedthrough resistance, the ground contact resistance, the insulation resistance, and either of the distance measurements is outside of defined specifications.