US20200087942A1 - Hurricane, Tornado, Flood, Storm Surge, Forest Fire and Mud Slide Resistant House - Google Patents
Hurricane, Tornado, Flood, Storm Surge, Forest Fire and Mud Slide Resistant House Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20200087942A1 US20200087942A1 US16/692,320 US201916692320A US2020087942A1 US 20200087942 A1 US20200087942 A1 US 20200087942A1 US 201916692320 A US201916692320 A US 201916692320A US 2020087942 A1 US2020087942 A1 US 2020087942A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- compression modules
- building structure
- structural
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/028—Earthquake withstanding shelters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a building facility that provides resistance to the extreme natural forces. More particularly, the present invention relates to manufacturing a building facility resistant to natural forces using manufacturing methods developed in the automotive, aerospace and suspension bridge industries, combined with current concrete and wire rope technology.
- wood structures have been predominant in constructing houses of every size. Such structures may be utilized in residential and light commercial construction. When wood framing is employed, the structure must be protected from upward, shear and overturning loads developed by either wind or seismic activity which differs with geographical location. Other than such natural forces, the wood framed structures should also be resistant to other weather conditions such as, water, temperature, snow, and the like. Such wood structures may need a resistant coating. Each year hurricanes and high speed winds cause considerable destruction to wood framed buildings, and greatly devalue the money invested in constructing these buildings. For these reasons, many design codes for buildings have been introduced to insure new building structures are resistant to powerful natural forces. However, building houses or other structures by implementing such codes and techniques is a costly affair.
- the present invention provides a building facility, including commercial building, a single or two family housing that can resist the forces of nature and remain intact and standing after the passage of a natural disaster and a method to manufacture and build the same.
- the present invention described herein addresses the above mentioned problems by the creation of a dwelling based on automotive manufacturing technology, using materials and processes that use non-combustible or thermally protected materials assembled from identical manufactured parts that form a house that is several orders of magnitude stronger than the conventional structure of today.
- the present invention provides a unique building structure that will withstand the onslaught of a hurricane, tornado, storm surge, flood, mud slide or wild fire. Fabrication is accomplished by the adaptation of manufacturing techniques from the automotive industry to fabricate components that are combined into a unique structural assembly composed of compression members and steel cables in tension that, in the aggregate, will produce a building that is much stronger and more resilient than the kind of wood frame houses that are now the norm in the United States. Because of the adaptation of automotive manufacturing techniques, the building structure will be able to be produced and erected at a price that will be competitive with the existing market price points.
- An objective of the present invention is to provide a unique building structure that can withstand powerful natural disasters and weather conditions, such as hurricane, tornado, flood, storm surge, forest fire and mud slide resistant house.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method to construct a unique building structure that can withstand powerful natural disasters and weather conditions, such as hurricanes, tornados, floods, storm surges, forest fires and mud slides.
- a further objective of the present invention is to build said unique building structure at competitive price rates.
- a yet further objective of the present invention is to provide a building facility whose components are lighter, resulting in lower manufacturing costs and much easier manipulation and erection on the jobsite.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a concrete panel that may be utilized in forming a concrete anchoring unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B illustrates a three dimensional view of a concrete anchoring unit that acts as an anchor to which a unique building structure is attached, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A shows a structural compression module that may be attached to a concrete anchoring unit for building a structural assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2B shows a structural compression module, with exterior weathering surface, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show two force diagrams in the plane of the tension elements, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a structural assembly to build a building facility, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows an expanded structural assembly and how the structural compression modules transfers forces in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows an expanded structural assembly around a concrete anchor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a unique building structure, such as a housing facility, that may be able to withstand the powerful forces of nature, such as high speed winds of hurricanes, tornado, and the like, and a method to build the same. Further, the present invention aids in manufacturing building structures using manufacturing methods adapted from the automotive industry, combined with concrete and tensioned steel cables.
- the building manufactured by such technology provided in the present invention may be capable of resisting the extreme forces of nature that future climate change will intensify.
- the building structure is composed of a unique structural assembly that will give it strength and rigidity far in excess of the current home building technology that consists of constructing with a myriad of small wooden members.
- the building structure provides a structural assembly for facilities like housing, commercial buildings, and other buildings. It comprises a concrete anchoring unit, a plurality of compression modules, and a plurality of tension elements, all of which may be formed from manufactured components. All of these aforementioned components are arranged in a manner such that they produce a building able to withstand extreme natural forces.
- the compression module may be formed by welding steel sections or steel bars together using robotic welding processes. The steel sections may be welded such that they form a truss, hence producing a compression module. Further, the weight of the truss in the compression module, comprising the steel sections, may be distributed and hence, lessened using tension elements.
- the tension elements may be steel cables providing tension forces in the compression module. The tension elements may be installed in the horizontal plane of the structural compression module, acting in tension to reduce the weight of the steel sections required by lessening the strength needed in the moment connections or other connections between steel elements.
- embodiments of the present invention provide a unique building structure comprising of concrete anchoring member, structural compression modules, and tension elements.
- FIG. 1A a concrete panel 100 that may be utilized in forming a concrete anchoring unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention as described herein.
- the concrete panel 100 may be manufactured and delivered to the construction site or can be poured on site.
- a number of concrete panels 100 may be assembled together to form a rectangular concrete anchoring unit (as is shown in FIG. 1B ) with required dimensions.
- the concrete panel 100 may have a plurality of leveling jacks 102 at its bearing points to provide adjustment provisions for other concrete panels to connect and lock with each other at different levels.
- the concrete panel 100 has two leveling jacks 102 .
- the concrete panel 100 may measure 12′ by 24′ ⁇ 8′′.
- FIG. 1B illustrates a three dimensional view of a concrete anchoring unit that acts as an anchor to which a unique building structure is attached, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a building facility may be anchored to a concrete anchoring unit 104 that may be further built by assembling a required number of concrete panels 100 together.
- the concrete anchoring unit 104 may be in the form a box, rectangular, or square, depending on the requirements.
- the concrete panels 100 may be held together by steel clips 106 that are bolted into inserts that are cast into the concrete panel 100 as in steel clips 106 and leveling jacks 102 .
- FIG. 1B shows the reinforced concrete panels 100 , measuring approximately 12′ by 24′ ⁇ 8′′, assembled into a rectangle concrete anchoring unit 104 that measures 12′ by 24′ in plan and 24′ high.
- one or more structural compression modules installed with a one or more tension elements may be attached to the concrete anchoring unit 104 .
- the concrete panels 100 of the concrete unit 104 may be provided with inserts 108 at a number of locations of concrete panels 100 .
- the inserts 108 allow for easy fastening installation of the compression modules with the concrete unit 104 . Further, these inserts 108 may be preinstalled on the concrete panels 100 when manufactured.
- the structural compression modules with tension elements are described later in following figures.
- FIG. 2A shows structural compression module that may be attached to a concrete anchoring unit for building a structural assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the structural compression module 200 may be a truss welded from standard steel sections 202 , using the robotic welding process that is common within the manufacturing sector today. A number of steel sections 202 may be welded to form a truss, depending upon the size and weight of the compression module 200 .
- the structural compression module 200 is the most basic unit for building the housing facility as provided by embodiments of the present invention.
- each type of structural compression module 200 may be set up to be welded, precisely drilled to receive various types of fasteners required and manufactured in an assembly line setting, preferably an automated assembly line which may utilize robots.
- the compression module 200 may be installed with a required number of horizontal tension elements 204 for distributing the weight forces of the compression modules 200 , and hence, lessening the weight possessed by the compression modules 200 . Therefore, due to the installment of the tension elements 204 , the weight of the steel sections 202 in the compression module 200 may be reduced.
- the horizontal tension elements 204 may be installed diagonally across the structural compression module 200 .
- the diagonal tension elements 204 may be installed in the manufacturing facility so that the only assembly of the tension system required in the field will be to connect the vertical upper slanted tension elements (described later in following figures) to the structural compression modules 200 .
- An alternate method of producing the compression modules 200 that is new technology and has recently passed the proof of concept stage is 3-D printing of the compression module 200 by using 15% carbon fiber reinforced ABS plastic with steel inserts at the points of maximum stress.
- each concrete panel 100 may also contain threaded embedments for the purpose of attaching the structural compression modules 200 and the tension elements 204 , preferably a steel cable. This is true whether all of the structural compression modules possible are used at the initial erection of a structure or not. In this way, if a structure owner desires to enlarge their structure at a later date, he/she simply has to purchase additional structural compression modules 200 and bolt them to the original configuration resulting into a larger structure.
- the concrete anchoring unit 104 may be configured with a complete kitchen and full bathroom with a sleeping loft. They may be designed as plug in modules with ability to upgrade from the basic housing unit at any time in the future. All necessary plumbing and electrical systems will be factory installed.
- FIG. 2B shows a typical structural compression module, with exterior weathering surface, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the compression module 200 as shown in FIG. 2B is preferably provided in completed form and may be shipped from a manufacturing facility. Further, as an objective of the present invention to provide a resistant coating to the building facility for protecting the building from weather conditions, the compression modules 200 may be provided with an exterior weathering surface.
- the exterior weathering surface may be installed (shown partially cut away for clarity), consisting of a deck 206 that may be further screwed to the structural compression module 200 .
- the deck 206 may be made of non-combustible materials, such as steel, ceramics and the like, providing protection against fire.
- the exterior weathering surface may consist of a closed cell rigid insulation or other insulation 208 above the deck 206 .
- the insulation 208 provides resistance against an extreme natural force, such as forest fire, lightning, rain water, and the like, and protects from any damages caused to the interior of the building facility.
- the cell rigid insulation 208 may be 6 inches or more in width.
- a seamless waterproofing membrane 210 may be present above the cell rigid insulation 208 , further providing a provision for resisting water penetration through the weathering surface.
- a standing seam metal roof 212 may be screwed through the cell rigid insulation 210 to the non-combustible deck 206 with a type and number of fasteners required to maintain the integrity of the weathering surface roof under high wind forces. Therefore, a strong and resistant coating may be achieved that efficiently keeps the damaging weather conditions from the building facility.
- the compression module 200 may also be shipped, from a manufacturing unit, with integral flashing systems 214 at the top to tie into the concrete anchoring unit 104 and at the eave to lap over the vertical wall panels. Also, the compression modules 200 may be delivered from a manufacturing facility with all external weather tight surfaces installed.
- some of the steel sections 202 of the compression module 200 may be hollow in structure for allowing the tension elements 204 to be placed in an inner space, for example at an angle. Therefore, the hollow steel sections 218 may take tension elements 204 in the interior further providing a provision for developing tension in the truss formed in the compression module 200 .
- the compression module 200 may also have a roller bearing pulley 220 installed at one end of the hollow steel sections 218 for adjusting the tensile forces generated by compression, expansion, or deformation of the steel sections of the compression module 200 .
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show two force diagrams in the plane of the tension elements, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the distribution and transfer of forces play a crucial role in maintaining the building assembly, under powerful natural forces.
- the tension elements 304 ( a - c ) may preferably be steel cables.
- the tension elements 304 ( a - c ) that are installed in the compression module 200 (See FIG. 2 ) are preferably strong in tension and weak in compression. Further, the tension elements 304 ( a - c ) may be stood out from the concrete anchor unit 104 (See FIG. 1 ) by the compression module 200 , staying in continuous tension by adjustment of the tension at a turnbuckle 302 a , 302 b installed during the manufacturing process.
- a required number of turnbuckles may be installed in the tension elements 304 ( a - c ) depending on the size and weight of the compression module 200 .
- the arrangement of turnbuckles ( 302 a , 302 b ) and the tension elements ( 304 ( a - c )) in the compression module 200 enables the building structure to resist massive loads in the plane of the tension elements 304 ( a - c ), i.e., up, down and outwardly in the plane of the tension elements assembly.
- Tension elements such as steel cables, may also be installed in the horizontal plane of the compression module 200 , acting in tension to reduce the weight of the steel sections 202 required by lessening the strength needed in the moment connections or other connections between steel sections 202 . This further allows the compression module 200 to resist the tension forces in its horizontal plane with lighter steel sections 202 , thus making the compression modules 200 easier to transport and handle on the construction site because of their lighter weight.
- the tension elements are shown earlier in FIG. 2 .
- the structural compression modules 200 are all predrilled at the manufacturing site to take all the possible components that can be added, thus also facilitating the simple expansion of a structure in the future after the initial erection.
- FIG. 3A depicts a force diagram for tension elements in the compression module 200 installed with turnbuckles, where the cable assembly including separate tension cables 304 are utilized. This further means that the separate tension cables 304 are connected through a solid pin connection at the vertex of the truss compression module 200 . The tension in the cables 304 a , 304 b , and 304 c are adjusted at separate turnbuckles 302 a , 302 b , and 302 c that are installed for each cable respectively.
- FIG. 3B depicts a force diagram for tension elements in the compression module 200 installed with turnbuckles, where the cable assembly including a single continuous tension cable 306 is utilized. The single continuous cable 306 slides over a non-rotating saddle 308 , and may be provided with one turnbuckle 310 for adjusting tensile forces acting along the tension cable 306 .
- FIG. 4 shows a basic unique structural assembly required to build a building facility, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the building structure must have the minimum of the components shown in FIG. 4 .
- these may be the concrete anchor 104 , a minimum of two structural compression modules 200 , with horizontal tension elements 204 preinstalled, and a minimum of six cable assemblies 402 in vertical and diagonal configuration shown.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 4 represents an exemplary minimum basic “house” or building structure.
- the structure may be enlarged by the addition of two compression modules 200 and a number of cable elements 404 that anchor into the concrete panels. The next enlargement is achieved by the addition of the same number of compression modules 200 and cable elements 402 , 404 as shown in the FIG. 4 .
- the additional compression module 200 is preferably contiguous with the first one.
- the vertical tension cables 402 and the cables 404 that anchor into the concrete anchoring unit 104 may be separate from each other (as shown earlier in FIG. 3A ). In another embodiment, the vertical tension cables 402 and the cables 404 may be one single tension cable sliding over a saddle, as described earlier in FIG. 3B .
- the turnbuckles allow the structural assembly to be fine tuned after initial erection, allowing a required tension force to be imparted to the structural assembly.
- This enables the structural assembly to be adaptable to different design criteria, depending on its location and situation.
- this also allows for greater economy by enabling an individual building, either a house, a commercial property, and the like, to be tailored to its expected external forces without change in components.
- FIG. 5 it shows the second possible enlargement of the unique structural assembly, along with showing how the structural compression modules transfer the horizontal forces acting from any direction, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the housing structure 500 shown in FIG. 5 may be built by the addition of two more compression modules 200 and six more vertical tension members 402 and 404 .
- FIG. 5 also illustrates a horizontal force 506 acting at ninety degrees around the concrete panels 100 of the concrete anchoring unit 104 , in an embodiment of the invention.
- the structural assembly 500 shown in the FIG. 5 may efficiently resist powerful natural forces acting along any direction of the structural assembly 500 .
- the forces are resisted by the tension cables installed in the compression modules 200 .
- a key to this effect is the “stitching” of two compression modules 200 together with high strength bolts along the line where the two horizontal members meet at the corner of the concrete anchor unit. This “stitching” is called out in the FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 5 shows the two structural compression modules 200 offset, at 508 , vertically by the depth of one compression module, thus achieving a higher ceiling under the elevated module, according to an embodiment.
- all of the structural compression modules 200 could be raised to the higher position.
- the ceilings in the modules would be 8′-0′′. This is a present US de facto industry standard and would allow on the exterior paneling and interior finishes, the ability to take advantage of existing materials in order to keep the unit within a competitive price range. This does not obviate placing all of the structural compression modules 200 at the higher position and creating an out of standard, luxury unit.
- FIG. 5 shows compression trusses 502 of the compression modules 200 bolted to the concrete anchoring unit 104 .
- the compression trusses 504 may be bolted together where they meet with high strength steel bolts at the top and bottom.
- the vertical tension elements 402 are under required stress.
- FIG. 5 shows these vertical tension elements 402 as one single cable assembly. In another embodiment, the vertical tension elements 402 may be separate and not a single cable.
- FIG. 6 shows an enlargement of the building structural assembly around a single concrete anchor in a “simple” format, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It shows a building structure 600 that is accomplished by adding six more structural compression modules 200 and eighteen vertical and diagonal tension members 402 , 404 , plus one structural compression module to form the roof 602 of the concrete anchor unit 104 , according to an embodiment.
- the design of the building structure 600 results in a dwelling unit of 1,728 gross square feet of floor area, according to an embodiment. This is sufficient for a three bedroom dwelling.
- the structures of embodiments of the present invention are independent of the type of foundation and can be placed anywhere there is solid bearing material that will support its weight.
- the building structure 600 may be built upon a standard foundation, in many cases mandated by FEMA or local regulations.
- the building structure 600 may be anchored to any solid substrate, such as a granite rock out cropping or some such other natural solid structure.
- the building structure 600 may also be anchored on pile caps, new or existing.
- auger holes can be drilled, the bottoms filled with concrete and the building structure 600 may be anchored to round concrete columns dropped into the holes.
- any variations of size and internal plan can be achieved. Some of the variations that can be achieved using only the three basic components; concrete anchor unit 104 , structural compression module 200 and tension elements 304 are described herein.
- a configuration with two CA's, which in this first variation is smaller than the above larger variation with a single CA is possible.
- the variations with two CA's can result in a unit of 2,880 square feet within a total of 10 compression modules (not illustrated). This will allow many variations in floor plans conquerable to the dwelling units being constructed by the house building industry today.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
Embodiments of the present invention provides a unique building structure, and a method to manufacture such building structure that may be able to withstand powerful forces of nature and extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, tornado, flood storm, high speed winds, forest fire, mud slide, tsunami, heavy snow, and the like. The building structure may comprise of a concrete anchor unit to which an assembly of structural compression modules and horizontal and vertical tension elements may be attached. The assembly of compression modules and tension elements effectively transfers the natural forces acting along the building structure, thereby resisting the forces by the tension elements. The building structure may be independent of foundation and can be placed anywhere there is solid bearing material that will support its weight. Further, the present invention aims at providing the unique building structure and the manufacturing method at competitive pricing rates.
Description
- This application claims benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/822,102 filed Aug. 10, 2015, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- The present invention generally relates to a building facility that provides resistance to the extreme natural forces. More particularly, the present invention relates to manufacturing a building facility resistant to natural forces using manufacturing methods developed in the automotive, aerospace and suspension bridge industries, combined with current concrete and wire rope technology.
- Loss of life and property occur in a natural disaster when the fabric of a dwelling in which humans are sheltered fails when subjected to the extraordinary forces of an uncommonly occurring event of nature. Until now, attempts to bolster the robustness of the standard wood stick framed house have been inadequate, as the dollar value of construction lost in the last decade, to severe storms, shows.
- It is well known that high speed wind can do great damage to residential and commercial building structures, particularly in areas prone to hurricanes and other high wind storms. Each year hurricanes cause a considerable amount of damage to buildings, resulting in increased insurance rates. For this reason several states have enacted new building codes designed to insure that new structures are resistant to hurricane speed winds. For example, the state of Florida recently enacted a new building code which requires all new buildings to comply with standards by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Southern Building Code.
- In the United States, wood structures have been predominant in constructing houses of every size. Such structures may be utilized in residential and light commercial construction. When wood framing is employed, the structure must be protected from upward, shear and overturning loads developed by either wind or seismic activity which differs with geographical location. Other than such natural forces, the wood framed structures should also be resistant to other weather conditions such as, water, temperature, snow, and the like. Such wood structures may need a resistant coating. Each year hurricanes and high speed winds cause considerable destruction to wood framed buildings, and greatly devalue the money invested in constructing these buildings. For these reasons, many design codes for buildings have been introduced to insure new building structures are resistant to powerful natural forces. However, building houses or other structures by implementing such codes and techniques is a costly affair.
- It is a scientific fact that the severity of natural processes; storms, winds, tsunamis and other natural phenomenon; are going to increase in severity in the coming decades due to climate change. The present state of the building stock in the United States, particularly single family housing, is woefully unprepared for this coming increase in storms. A study concentrating on a strip of land ten miles wide; extending back from the mean high water line, running from Maine to Mexico, following the coast of the Continental US; reports that in that small band alone there are 1.4 trillion dollars worth of buildings at risk.
- Therefore, there exists a need to provide a unique building structure and housing assembly that can withstand extremely powerful natural forces and weather conditions capable of damaging the housing structures, and a method to build that assembly. Further, there also exists a need to produce and erect this building structure and housing assembly at a competitive price.
- Therefore, in light of the above needs and requirements, the present invention provides a building facility, including commercial building, a single or two family housing that can resist the forces of nature and remain intact and standing after the passage of a natural disaster and a method to manufacture and build the same. The present invention described herein addresses the above mentioned problems by the creation of a dwelling based on automotive manufacturing technology, using materials and processes that use non-combustible or thermally protected materials assembled from identical manufactured parts that form a house that is several orders of magnitude stronger than the conventional structure of today.
- Further, the present invention provides a unique building structure that will withstand the onslaught of a hurricane, tornado, storm surge, flood, mud slide or wild fire. Fabrication is accomplished by the adaptation of manufacturing techniques from the automotive industry to fabricate components that are combined into a unique structural assembly composed of compression members and steel cables in tension that, in the aggregate, will produce a building that is much stronger and more resilient than the kind of wood frame houses that are now the norm in the United States. Because of the adaptation of automotive manufacturing techniques, the building structure will be able to be produced and erected at a price that will be competitive with the existing market price points.
- An objective of the present invention is to provide a unique building structure that can withstand powerful natural disasters and weather conditions, such as hurricane, tornado, flood, storm surge, forest fire and mud slide resistant house.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method to construct a unique building structure that can withstand powerful natural disasters and weather conditions, such as hurricanes, tornados, floods, storm surges, forest fires and mud slides.
- A further objective of the present invention is to build said unique building structure at competitive price rates.
- A yet further objective of the present invention is to provide a building facility whose components are lighter, resulting in lower manufacturing costs and much easier manipulation and erection on the jobsite.
-
FIG. 1A illustrates a concrete panel that may be utilized in forming a concrete anchoring unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1B illustrates a three dimensional view of a concrete anchoring unit that acts as an anchor to which a unique building structure is attached, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2A shows a structural compression module that may be attached to a concrete anchoring unit for building a structural assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2B shows a structural compression module, with exterior weathering surface, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 3A and 3B show two force diagrams in the plane of the tension elements, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 shows a structural assembly to build a building facility, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 shows an expanded structural assembly and how the structural compression modules transfers forces in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 shows an expanded structural assembly around a concrete anchor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - In the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiment of invention. However, it will be obvious to a person skilled in art that the embodiments of invention may be practiced with or without these specific details. In other instances well known methods, procedures and components have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments of the invention.
- Furthermore, it will be clear that the invention is not limited to these embodiments only. Numerous modifications, changes, variations, substitutions and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without parting from the spirit and scope of the invention.
- The present invention provides a unique building structure, such as a housing facility, that may be able to withstand the powerful forces of nature, such as high speed winds of hurricanes, tornado, and the like, and a method to build the same. Further, the present invention aids in manufacturing building structures using manufacturing methods adapted from the automotive industry, combined with concrete and tensioned steel cables. The building manufactured by such technology provided in the present invention may be capable of resisting the extreme forces of nature that future climate change will intensify. The building structure is composed of a unique structural assembly that will give it strength and rigidity far in excess of the current home building technology that consists of constructing with a myriad of small wooden members.
- The building structure provides a structural assembly for facilities like housing, commercial buildings, and other buildings. It comprises a concrete anchoring unit, a plurality of compression modules, and a plurality of tension elements, all of which may be formed from manufactured components. All of these aforementioned components are arranged in a manner such that they produce a building able to withstand extreme natural forces. In embodiments of the present invention, the compression module may be formed by welding steel sections or steel bars together using robotic welding processes. The steel sections may be welded such that they form a truss, hence producing a compression module. Further, the weight of the truss in the compression module, comprising the steel sections, may be distributed and hence, lessened using tension elements. In an embodiment, the tension elements may be steel cables providing tension forces in the compression module. The tension elements may be installed in the horizontal plane of the structural compression module, acting in tension to reduce the weight of the steel sections required by lessening the strength needed in the moment connections or other connections between steel elements.
- Therefore, embodiments of the present invention provide a unique building structure comprising of concrete anchoring member, structural compression modules, and tension elements.
- Referring now to
FIG. 1A , aconcrete panel 100 that may be utilized in forming a concrete anchoring unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention as described herein. Theconcrete panel 100 may be manufactured and delivered to the construction site or can be poured on site. A number ofconcrete panels 100 may be assembled together to form a rectangular concrete anchoring unit (as is shown inFIG. 1B ) with required dimensions. Theconcrete panel 100 may have a plurality of levelingjacks 102 at its bearing points to provide adjustment provisions for other concrete panels to connect and lock with each other at different levels. In an embodiment, as shown in theFIG. 1A , theconcrete panel 100 has two levelingjacks 102. In an embodiment of the present invention, theconcrete panel 100 may measure 12′ by 24′×8″. -
FIG. 1B illustrates a three dimensional view of a concrete anchoring unit that acts as an anchor to which a unique building structure is attached, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. According to embodiments of the present invention, a building facility may be anchored to aconcrete anchoring unit 104 that may be further built by assembling a required number ofconcrete panels 100 together. Theconcrete anchoring unit 104 may be in the form a box, rectangular, or square, depending on the requirements. - In embodiments of the present invention, for producing a
concrete anchoring unit 104, theconcrete panels 100 may be held together bysteel clips 106 that are bolted into inserts that are cast into theconcrete panel 100 as insteel clips 106 and levelingjacks 102. According to an embodiment of the present invention,FIG. 1B shows the reinforcedconcrete panels 100, measuring approximately 12′ by 24′×8″, assembled into a rectangleconcrete anchoring unit 104 that measures 12′ by 24′ in plan and 24′ high. - For erecting a building facility, one or more structural compression modules installed with a one or more tension elements may be attached to the
concrete anchoring unit 104. Preferably, for easily workability of this, in embodiments, theconcrete panels 100 of theconcrete unit 104 may be provided withinserts 108 at a number of locations ofconcrete panels 100. Theinserts 108 allow for easy fastening installation of the compression modules with theconcrete unit 104. Further, theseinserts 108 may be preinstalled on theconcrete panels 100 when manufactured. The structural compression modules with tension elements are described later in following figures. -
FIG. 2A shows structural compression module that may be attached to a concrete anchoring unit for building a structural assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Thestructural compression module 200 may be a truss welded fromstandard steel sections 202, using the robotic welding process that is common within the manufacturing sector today. A number ofsteel sections 202 may be welded to form a truss, depending upon the size and weight of thecompression module 200. Thestructural compression module 200 is the most basic unit for building the housing facility as provided by embodiments of the present invention. In embodiments of the present invention, because each type ofstructural compression module 200 is exactly the same as the others of its type, they may be set up to be welded, precisely drilled to receive various types of fasteners required and manufactured in an assembly line setting, preferably an automated assembly line which may utilize robots. - Further, the
compression module 200 may be installed with a required number ofhorizontal tension elements 204 for distributing the weight forces of thecompression modules 200, and hence, lessening the weight possessed by thecompression modules 200. Therefore, due to the installment of thetension elements 204, the weight of thesteel sections 202 in thecompression module 200 may be reduced. - Still further, the
horizontal tension elements 204 may be installed diagonally across thestructural compression module 200. Thediagonal tension elements 204 may be installed in the manufacturing facility so that the only assembly of the tension system required in the field will be to connect the vertical upper slanted tension elements (described later in following figures) to thestructural compression modules 200. - An alternate method of producing the
compression modules 200 that is new technology and has recently passed the proof of concept stage is 3-D printing of thecompression module 200 by using 15% carbon fiber reinforced ABS plastic with steel inserts at the points of maximum stress. - As mentioned above in conjunction with
FIG. 1B , for manufacturing a building facility, a required number ofstructural compression modules 200 along withhorizontal tension elements 204 may be attached to theconcrete anchoring unit 104. Further, eachconcrete panel 100 may also contain threaded embedments for the purpose of attaching thestructural compression modules 200 and thetension elements 204, preferably a steel cable. This is true whether all of the structural compression modules possible are used at the initial erection of a structure or not. In this way, if a structure owner desires to enlarge their structure at a later date, he/she simply has to purchase additionalstructural compression modules 200 and bolt them to the original configuration resulting into a larger structure. - In an embodiment, the
concrete anchoring unit 104 may be configured with a complete kitchen and full bathroom with a sleeping loft. They may be designed as plug in modules with ability to upgrade from the basic housing unit at any time in the future. All necessary plumbing and electrical systems will be factory installed. -
FIG. 2B shows a typical structural compression module, with exterior weathering surface, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Thecompression module 200 as shown inFIG. 2B is preferably provided in completed form and may be shipped from a manufacturing facility. Further, as an objective of the present invention to provide a resistant coating to the building facility for protecting the building from weather conditions, thecompression modules 200 may be provided with an exterior weathering surface. The exterior weathering surface may be installed (shown partially cut away for clarity), consisting of adeck 206 that may be further screwed to thestructural compression module 200. Thedeck 206 may be made of non-combustible materials, such as steel, ceramics and the like, providing protection against fire. Furthermore, the exterior weathering surface may consist of a closed cell rigid insulation orother insulation 208 above thedeck 206. Preferably, theinsulation 208 provides resistance against an extreme natural force, such as forest fire, lightning, rain water, and the like, and protects from any damages caused to the interior of the building facility. In an embodiment, the cellrigid insulation 208 may be 6 inches or more in width. - In further embodiments, a
seamless waterproofing membrane 210 may be present above the cellrigid insulation 208, further providing a provision for resisting water penetration through the weathering surface. After getting all the layers of weathering surface in place, a standingseam metal roof 212 may be screwed through the cellrigid insulation 210 to thenon-combustible deck 206 with a type and number of fasteners required to maintain the integrity of the weathering surface roof under high wind forces. Therefore, a strong and resistant coating may be achieved that efficiently keeps the damaging weather conditions from the building facility. - The
compression module 200 may also be shipped, from a manufacturing unit, withintegral flashing systems 214 at the top to tie into theconcrete anchoring unit 104 and at the eave to lap over the vertical wall panels. Also, thecompression modules 200 may be delivered from a manufacturing facility with all external weather tight surfaces installed. - Further, some of the
steel sections 202 of thecompression module 200, such as thesteel sections 216 may be hollow in structure for allowing thetension elements 204 to be placed in an inner space, for example at an angle. Therefore, thehollow steel sections 218 may taketension elements 204 in the interior further providing a provision for developing tension in the truss formed in thecompression module 200. Furthermore, thecompression module 200 may also have a roller bearing pulley 220 installed at one end of thehollow steel sections 218 for adjusting the tensile forces generated by compression, expansion, or deformation of the steel sections of thecompression module 200. -
FIGS. 3A and 3B show two force diagrams in the plane of the tension elements, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The distribution and transfer of forces play a crucial role in maintaining the building assembly, under powerful natural forces. The tension elements 304(a-c) may preferably be steel cables. The tension elements 304(a-c) that are installed in the compression module 200 (SeeFIG. 2 ) are preferably strong in tension and weak in compression. Further, the tension elements 304(a-c) may be stood out from the concrete anchor unit 104 (SeeFIG. 1 ) by thecompression module 200, staying in continuous tension by adjustment of the tension at a turnbuckle 302 a, 302 b installed during the manufacturing process. A required number of turnbuckles may be installed in the tension elements 304(a-c) depending on the size and weight of thecompression module 200. The arrangement of turnbuckles (302 a, 302 b) and the tension elements (304(a-c)) in thecompression module 200 enables the building structure to resist massive loads in the plane of the tension elements 304(a-c), i.e., up, down and outwardly in the plane of the tension elements assembly. - Tension elements, such as steel cables, may also be installed in the horizontal plane of the
compression module 200, acting in tension to reduce the weight of thesteel sections 202 required by lessening the strength needed in the moment connections or other connections betweensteel sections 202. This further allows thecompression module 200 to resist the tension forces in its horizontal plane withlighter steel sections 202, thus making thecompression modules 200 easier to transport and handle on the construction site because of their lighter weight. The tension elements are shown earlier inFIG. 2 . In an embodiment, preferably, like theconcrete anchor unit 104, thestructural compression modules 200 are all predrilled at the manufacturing site to take all the possible components that can be added, thus also facilitating the simple expansion of a structure in the future after the initial erection. -
FIG. 3A depicts a force diagram for tension elements in thecompression module 200 installed with turnbuckles, where the cable assembly including separate tension cables 304 are utilized. This further means that the separate tension cables 304 are connected through a solid pin connection at the vertex of thetruss compression module 200. The tension in thecables separate turnbuckles FIG. 3B depicts a force diagram for tension elements in thecompression module 200 installed with turnbuckles, where the cable assembly including a singlecontinuous tension cable 306 is utilized. The singlecontinuous cable 306 slides over anon-rotating saddle 308, and may be provided with oneturnbuckle 310 for adjusting tensile forces acting along thetension cable 306. -
FIG. 4 shows a basic unique structural assembly required to build a building facility, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The building structure must have the minimum of the components shown inFIG. 4 . To reiterate, these may be theconcrete anchor 104, a minimum of twostructural compression modules 200, withhorizontal tension elements 204 preinstalled, and a minimum of sixcable assemblies 402 in vertical and diagonal configuration shown. The configuration shown inFIG. 4 represents an exemplary minimum basic “house” or building structure. The structure may be enlarged by the addition of twocompression modules 200 and a number ofcable elements 404 that anchor into the concrete panels. The next enlargement is achieved by the addition of the same number ofcompression modules 200 andcable elements FIG. 4 . Theadditional compression module 200 is preferably contiguous with the first one. - In an embodiment, the
vertical tension cables 402 and thecables 404 that anchor into theconcrete anchoring unit 104 may be separate from each other (as shown earlier inFIG. 3A ). In another embodiment, thevertical tension cables 402 and thecables 404 may be one single tension cable sliding over a saddle, as described earlier inFIG. 3B . - Referring now to
FIGS. 3A and 3B , the turnbuckles (302, 310) allow the structural assembly to be fine tuned after initial erection, allowing a required tension force to be imparted to the structural assembly. This enables the structural assembly to be adaptable to different design criteria, depending on its location and situation. Furthermore, this also allows for greater economy by enabling an individual building, either a house, a commercial property, and the like, to be tailored to its expected external forces without change in components. - Referring to
FIG. 5 , it shows the second possible enlargement of the unique structural assembly, along with showing how the structural compression modules transfer the horizontal forces acting from any direction, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Thehousing structure 500 shown inFIG. 5 may be built by the addition of twomore compression modules 200 and six morevertical tension members -
FIG. 5 also illustrates ahorizontal force 506 acting at ninety degrees around theconcrete panels 100 of theconcrete anchoring unit 104, in an embodiment of the invention. Thestructural assembly 500 shown in theFIG. 5 may efficiently resist powerful natural forces acting along any direction of thestructural assembly 500. The forces are resisted by the tension cables installed in thecompression modules 200. A key to this effect is the “stitching” of twocompression modules 200 together with high strength bolts along the line where the two horizontal members meet at the corner of the concrete anchor unit. This “stitching” is called out in theFIG. 5 . The reason that this transfer of horizontal forces is important is, since thecables 204 are very strong in tension with respect to their weight and volume, by transferring the forces to the cables, the compression module can be designed to be strong in the horizontal plane direction that stands off thetension cables 204 and will not have to be as strong in the vertical direction and not as strong in the angled plane. This results in a lighter structure that will further result in lower manufacturing costs and much easier manipulation and erection on the jobsite.FIG. 5 shows the twostructural compression modules 200 offset, at 508, vertically by the depth of one compression module, thus achieving a higher ceiling under the elevated module, according to an embodiment. - Conceivably all of the
structural compression modules 200 could be raised to the higher position. According to an embodiment shown inFIG. 5 , the ceilings in the modules would be 8′-0″. This is a present US de facto industry standard and would allow on the exterior paneling and interior finishes, the ability to take advantage of existing materials in order to keep the unit within a competitive price range. This does not obviate placing all of thestructural compression modules 200 at the higher position and creating an out of standard, luxury unit. - Further,
FIG. 5 shows compression trusses 502 of thecompression modules 200 bolted to theconcrete anchoring unit 104. At the top and bottom of thestructural assembly 500, the compression trusses 504 may be bolted together where they meet with high strength steel bolts at the top and bottom. Also, after the initial erection of thestructural assembly 500, thevertical tension elements 402 are under required stress.FIG. 5 shows thesevertical tension elements 402 as one single cable assembly. In another embodiment, thevertical tension elements 402 may be separate and not a single cable. -
FIG. 6 shows an enlargement of the building structural assembly around a single concrete anchor in a “simple” format, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It shows abuilding structure 600 that is accomplished by adding six morestructural compression modules 200 and eighteen vertical anddiagonal tension members roof 602 of theconcrete anchor unit 104, according to an embodiment. - Further, according to the
FIG. 6 , the design of thebuilding structure 600 results in a dwelling unit of 1,728 gross square feet of floor area, according to an embodiment. This is sufficient for a three bedroom dwelling. - Larger units may be assembled, preferably where
structural compression modules 200 are configured in more complicated ways, such as wider bodies or multiple floors and/or additionalconcrete anchor units 104 are added. - It should be noted that the structures of embodiments of the present invention are independent of the type of foundation and can be placed anywhere there is solid bearing material that will support its weight. In an embodiment, the
building structure 600 may be built upon a standard foundation, in many cases mandated by FEMA or local regulations. In another embodiment, thebuilding structure 600 may be anchored to any solid substrate, such as a granite rock out cropping or some such other natural solid structure. In another embodiment, thebuilding structure 600 may also be anchored on pile caps, new or existing. In yet another embodiment, auger holes can be drilled, the bottoms filled with concrete and thebuilding structure 600 may be anchored to round concrete columns dropped into the holes. - Exemplary Variations of the Building Structure
- Within the confines of the basic structural assembly, illustrated in
FIG. 6 , any variations of size and internal plan can be achieved. Some of the variations that can be achieved using only the three basic components;concrete anchor unit 104,structural compression module 200 and tension elements 304 are described herein. - External cladding added to the structural assembly provides for additional variations. It is assumed that other designs of claddings can be attached to the structural assembly in accordance with designer desires.
- A simple variation that would allow a one bedroom unit, using two complete unique structural assemblies and one
concrete anchor 104 is possible. The USA (“unique structural assemblies”) connected to the short side of the CA (“concrete anchor”) can be on either side, one being a mirror image variation of the other. - Three USA's may be around a single CA. This will result in what is known in real estate jargon as a “junior two”. One standard size bedroom and one smaller room suitable for a home office or a small child's room.
- A variation using five USA's and one CA is possible. This is one of the largest of the example “simple” variations and results in a standard three bedroom unit of 1,728 square feet.
- “Complicated” variations where two USA's are joined face to face to form a larger peaked roof living area are possible. This results in either a large two and a half bedroom unit or a smaller three bedroom unit of 1,440, square feet of floor area.
- The same “complicated” variation as as above with two USA's added to the rear of the CA and left without vertical wall cladding is possible. This will form a covered porch. Any USA can be left without vertical cladding to form a covered porch on any side of the unit. The covered porch can be enclosed with vertical wall panels. This will result in a large unit of 2,016 square feet that can be configured in many interior plans.
- Another “complicated” variation that will result in a unit of 2,016 square feet as above with the opportunity for different interior floor plans is possible. With the configuration of two USA's on each of the long sides of the CA, the largest configuration with one single CA can be achieved. The unit will be comprised of nine compression modules and will have 2,592 square feet which allows a myriad of interior floor plans.
- A configuration with two CA's, which in this first variation is smaller than the above larger variation with a single CA is possible. The variations with two CA's can result in a unit of 2,880 square feet within a total of 10 compression modules (not illustrated). This will allow many variations in floor plans conquerable to the dwelling units being constructed by the house building industry today.
Claims (10)
1. A structure comprising:
(a) one or more means for anchoring, the said anchoring means comprise an assembly of concrete panels, which form a habitable space;
(b) one or more structural compression modules attached to the one or more concrete panels,
wherein one or more steel tension cables are fixed within the one or more structural compression modules, and
wherein: (i) the structure is capable of withstanding hurricane force winds, (ii) the one or more means for anchoring are formed from concrete panels, (iii) the one or more steel tension cables transfer force to the one or more concrete panels (iv) the one or more means for anchoring form an enclosed habitable space having at least one opening and (v) the structural compression modules form an enclosed habitable space.
2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the concrete panels are attached to each other via steel clips.
3. The structure of claim 1 wherein the concrete panels are attached to each other via leveling jacks.
4. The structure of claim 1 wherein the one or more structural compression modules further comprises steel sections.
5. The structure of claim 4 wherein the steel sections comprise steel bars.
6. The structure of claim 4 wherein the steel sections are hollow.
7. The structure of claim 4 wherein the one or more steel tension cables are fixed to the steel sections.
8. The structure of claim 1 wherein the one or more steel tension cables are adjustably fixed within the one or more structural compression modules.
9. The structure of claim 1 wherein the structure is resistant to earthquake damage, tornado forces, fire, mud slides and storm surge.
10. A structure comprising:
(a) one or more means for anchoring, the said anchoring means comprise an assembly of concrete panels, which form an enclosed habitable space having at least one opening;
(b) one or more structural compression modules braced against the one or more concrete panels through one or more steel tension cables, wherein said cables are fixed within the one or more structural compression modules, and
wherein: (i) the structure is capable of withstanding hurricane force winds, (ii) the one or more steel tension cables transfer force to the one or more concrete panels (iii) and the structural compression modules form an enclosed habitable space.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/692,320 US20200087942A1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2019-11-22 | Hurricane, Tornado, Flood, Storm Surge, Forest Fire and Mud Slide Resistant House |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/822,102 US20170044786A1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2015-08-10 | Hurricane, Tornado, Flood, Storm Surge, Forest Fire and Mud Slide Resistant House |
US16/041,409 US10501956B2 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2018-07-20 | Hurricane, tornado, flood, storm surge, forest fire and mud slide resistant house |
US16/692,320 US20200087942A1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2019-11-22 | Hurricane, Tornado, Flood, Storm Surge, Forest Fire and Mud Slide Resistant House |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/041,409 Continuation US10501956B2 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2018-07-20 | Hurricane, tornado, flood, storm surge, forest fire and mud slide resistant house |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20200087942A1 true US20200087942A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
Family
ID=57983742
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/822,102 Abandoned US20170044786A1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2015-08-10 | Hurricane, Tornado, Flood, Storm Surge, Forest Fire and Mud Slide Resistant House |
US16/041,409 Active US10501956B2 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2018-07-20 | Hurricane, tornado, flood, storm surge, forest fire and mud slide resistant house |
US16/692,320 Abandoned US20200087942A1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2019-11-22 | Hurricane, Tornado, Flood, Storm Surge, Forest Fire and Mud Slide Resistant House |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/822,102 Abandoned US20170044786A1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2015-08-10 | Hurricane, Tornado, Flood, Storm Surge, Forest Fire and Mud Slide Resistant House |
US16/041,409 Active US10501956B2 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2018-07-20 | Hurricane, tornado, flood, storm surge, forest fire and mud slide resistant house |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20170044786A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017027641A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10452073B2 (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-10-22 | Toyota Research Institute, Inc. | Vehicle control systems and methods of controlling vehicles using behavior profiles |
JP7061903B2 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2022-05-02 | 三井住友建設株式会社 | Vibration control mechanism of the structure |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3158959A (en) * | 1961-09-06 | 1964-12-01 | Jr George D Ratliff | Prestressed concrete |
US4065218A (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1977-12-27 | Super Strut, Inc. | Seismic brace |
US4441289A (en) * | 1980-05-07 | 1984-04-10 | Takenaka Komuten Co., Ltd. | Earthquake-resistant reinforcement structure for an existing building with compression braces or tension braces |
US4907384A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-03-13 | Kimball International, Inc. | Panel connection arrangement for a partition system |
CA2180302A1 (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 1998-01-03 | Trevor J. Riley | Safe core building |
US5950374A (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1999-09-14 | Leftminster Pty Ltd. | Prefabricated building systems |
US6185898B1 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2001-02-13 | Robert F. Pratt | High strength wall frames and system utilizing same |
US20130031857A1 (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | Tincher Terry J | Anchor system for securing a concrete wall panel to a supporting concrete foundation |
US9316012B2 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2016-04-19 | W. Charles Perry | Systems and methods for retrofitting a building for increased earthquake resistance |
Family Cites Families (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1706496A (en) | 1927-06-30 | 1929-03-26 | Pieri Pompeo | Earthquake and tornado proof building |
US2053226A (en) | 1934-09-01 | 1936-09-01 | Charles W Mowry | Earthquake resistant structure |
US2510958A (en) | 1945-07-04 | 1950-06-13 | Coff Leo | Composite floor of metal and concrete |
US3129531A (en) | 1961-11-14 | 1964-04-21 | Connor Robert | Reinforced building structure |
US3418768A (en) | 1966-07-21 | 1968-12-31 | Cardan Bernhard | Building construction |
US3432978A (en) | 1967-05-18 | 1969-03-18 | Donald O Erickson | Concrete wall and wall panel construction |
US3477183A (en) | 1967-07-24 | 1969-11-11 | David R Graham | Low profile rigid frame metal building |
US3712010A (en) | 1970-08-17 | 1973-01-23 | Univ Iowa State Res Found | Prestressed metal and concrete composite structure |
GB1367645A (en) | 1970-11-27 | 1974-09-18 | Rice E K | Demountable plural level building structure |
US3735549A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1973-05-29 | B Shuart | Building construction |
US3796017A (en) | 1972-04-24 | 1974-03-12 | M Meckler | Hydraulic structural apparatus |
US3869836A (en) * | 1974-04-15 | 1975-03-11 | Cloy L Allen | Mobile home protector |
GB1576322A (en) | 1976-05-19 | 1980-10-08 | Gleeson M J | Frameworks for buildings and like structures |
US4126972A (en) | 1976-06-28 | 1978-11-28 | Almer Silen | Tornado protection building |
US4125978A (en) | 1977-09-09 | 1978-11-21 | Schildge Jr Adam T | Parapet reinforcement system for buildings |
US4860507A (en) | 1988-07-15 | 1989-08-29 | Garza Tamez Federico | Structure stabilization system |
DE19705070A1 (en) | 1997-02-11 | 1998-08-13 | Westermann Karl Heinz | Process and scaffolding for erecting concrete walls |
US5966877A (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 1999-10-19 | Hawes; Ray | Rapidly deployable protective and structural cover system |
US6014843A (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2000-01-18 | Crumley; Harvel K. | Wood frame building structure with tie-down connectors |
US20010032420A1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-10-25 | Ma-Chi Chen | Gravity balance frame |
US7784223B1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2010-08-31 | Ramey Larry E | Three hundred mile per hour wind resistive building |
US20030200706A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-10-30 | Joseph Kahan | Exoskeleton system for reinforcing tall buildings |
US6843027B2 (en) | 2003-01-14 | 2005-01-18 | William R. Gaddie | Cable system and method for wind-resistant buildings |
US20070220817A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-27 | Bonds Ronald S | Storm shield |
US20090025307A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2009-01-29 | Crichlow Henry B | Severe storm shelter |
US20080229684A1 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-25 | Daewoo Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. | Hydraulic jack systems to be installed to the outrigger to perimeter column joints to automatically adjust differential column shortening and provide additional structural damping |
US20090025308A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2009-01-29 | Deans Brian W | Seismic support and reinforcement systems |
US20110030288A1 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-02-10 | Steven Traulsen | Prefabricated reinforced concrete structural support panel system for multi-story buildings |
IT1395591B1 (en) | 2009-09-10 | 2012-10-16 | Balducci | STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR SEISMIC PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS. |
AU2011200386B2 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2016-02-18 | Pentabuild Pty Ltd | Disaster Protection Shelter |
WO2012094766A1 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-07-19 | Shift Strategy + Design Inc. | Pivotally erectable structural frame system |
US8800232B1 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2014-08-12 | LEK Innovations, LLC | Flange shear connection for precast concrete structures |
US20130145702A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-13 | Yoshikazu Oba | Earthquake-Resistant Structure and Earthquake-Resistant Construction Method |
US9029179B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2015-05-12 | Analog Devices, Inc. | MEMS device with improved charge elimination and methods of producing same |
FR2992672A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-03 | Sandrine Germain | HIGH STRENGTH CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAME |
WO2015069059A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-14 | 조선대학교 산학협력단 | Reinforcing apparatus for masonry wall and reinforcing method for masonry wall using same |
FR3019198B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2016-04-22 | Azouz Sabri Ben | CONSTRUCTION BLOCK WITH MODULAR ASSEMBLY |
JP5759608B1 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-08-05 | 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 | Reinforcement structure of existing building |
US9333672B1 (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2016-05-10 | S.G.L. Gavish Yizum U'vnia, Ltd. | Hardenable material structure construction apparatus and method |
-
2015
- 2015-08-10 US US14/822,102 patent/US20170044786A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2016
- 2016-08-10 WO PCT/US2016/046433 patent/WO2017027641A1/en active Application Filing
-
2018
- 2018-07-20 US US16/041,409 patent/US10501956B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-11-22 US US16/692,320 patent/US20200087942A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3158959A (en) * | 1961-09-06 | 1964-12-01 | Jr George D Ratliff | Prestressed concrete |
US4065218A (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1977-12-27 | Super Strut, Inc. | Seismic brace |
US4441289A (en) * | 1980-05-07 | 1984-04-10 | Takenaka Komuten Co., Ltd. | Earthquake-resistant reinforcement structure for an existing building with compression braces or tension braces |
US4907384A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-03-13 | Kimball International, Inc. | Panel connection arrangement for a partition system |
US5950374A (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1999-09-14 | Leftminster Pty Ltd. | Prefabricated building systems |
CA2180302A1 (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 1998-01-03 | Trevor J. Riley | Safe core building |
US6185898B1 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2001-02-13 | Robert F. Pratt | High strength wall frames and system utilizing same |
US20130031857A1 (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | Tincher Terry J | Anchor system for securing a concrete wall panel to a supporting concrete foundation |
US9316012B2 (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2016-04-19 | W. Charles Perry | Systems and methods for retrofitting a building for increased earthquake resistance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10501956B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 |
WO2017027641A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
US20180328068A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
US20170044786A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10767369B2 (en) | Reinforced concrete building structures and methods for making same | |
US7941984B2 (en) | Wind force resistant structure | |
Ventura et al. | Regional seismic risk in British Columbia—classification of buildings and development of damage probability functions | |
US11377839B2 (en) | Structural frame for a building and method of constructing the same | |
Almarwae | Structural failure of buildings: Issues and challenges | |
US20140331572A1 (en) | Modular system with solar roof | |
US20200087942A1 (en) | Hurricane, Tornado, Flood, Storm Surge, Forest Fire and Mud Slide Resistant House | |
JP6034951B2 (en) | Building systems that provide structural integrity and seismic capacity | |
US20190249413A1 (en) | Self-contained elevated housing kit using intermodal shipping containers | |
US20100058689A1 (en) | Modular building for deployment in disaster regions | |
US20150259942A1 (en) | Concrete shell construction method | |
KR101086060B1 (en) | Prefebrication module | |
Zain | The Structural System of Traditional Malay Dwellings in Sambas Town West Kalimantan, Indonesia | |
Liska et al. | Performance of wood construction in disaster areas | |
US20230272637A1 (en) | Natural disaster shelter/pre-fabricated house | |
Chintanapakdee et al. | Performance of masonry-infilled RC buildings in the M6. 0 Mae Lao earthquake on May 5, 2014 | |
US20180044908A1 (en) | Cold-formed steel support wall and method of installation | |
Latka | TECH–Transportable Emergency Cardboard House | |
Abrahamsen | World’s tallest timber building–14 storeys in Bergen | |
JP2510321B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing attic roof unit | |
Anderson et al. | John Brown University disaster shelter competition | |
Maldonado | Analysis of tilt-up building design and industry standard practices in tornado-prone regions | |
US20090293374A1 (en) | Frameless space structure | |
Becker | Paper Title: Lateral Force Resistant, Modular Structure for Sustainable Housing | |
Edebor | Design and Construction of Railway Shelter |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MAE HOUSING, INC., DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MAREK, LAWRENCE;REEL/FRAME:052030/0568 Effective date: 20150820 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |