US20190367383A1 - Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier - Google Patents
Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20190367383A1 US20190367383A1 US16/545,074 US201916545074A US2019367383A1 US 20190367383 A1 US20190367383 A1 US 20190367383A1 US 201916545074 A US201916545074 A US 201916545074A US 2019367383 A1 US2019367383 A1 US 2019367383A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- halogen
- adsorbent bed
- release material
- passive
- treatment system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/683—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water by addition of complex-forming compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
- C02F1/766—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens by means of halogens other than chlorine or of halogenated compounds containing halogen other than chlorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/422—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using anionic exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/001—Build in apparatus for autonomous on board water supply and wastewater treatment (e.g. for aircrafts, cruiseships, oil drilling platforms, railway trains, space stations)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/006—Cartridges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/18—Removal of treatment agents after treatment
- C02F2303/185—The treatment agent being halogen or a halogenated compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/08—Nanoparticles or nanotubes
Definitions
- the International Space Station, spacesuits such as the Extravehicular Mobility Unit, spacecraft, or other space structures that operate in outer space include systems that use water. Depending on the system, the water may come into contact with heat exchangers, pumps, valves, sublimators, circulation circuits in astronaut garments, and other components.
- the water is filtered and treated to remove contaminants and destroy micro-organisms that could otherwise foul the components and debit performance. If the filters and water treatments do not perform at expected levels or are compromised in some way, the levels of contaminants or micro-organisms may increase and, if untreated, lead to fouling. While some components are returned from space and restored at regular intervals, premature fouling may require early return, which greatly increases costs.
- a water treatment system includes an adsorbent bed, a halogen-release material downstream of, and adjacent to, the adsorbent bed, and a passive halogen barrier intermediate the adsorbent bed and the halogen-release material.
- the passive halogen barrier is a pleated sheet.
- the pleated sheet is formed of polyolefin.
- the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the adsorbent bed.
- rein the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the halogen-release material.
- a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments includes a common canister that has an inlet and an outlet, and the adsorbent bed, the passive halogen barrier, and the halogen-release material are within the common canister intermediate the inlet and the outlet.
- adsorbent bed is in a first cartridge and the halogen-release material is in second, separate cartridge.
- adsorbent bed, the passive halogen barrier, and the halogen-release material are in a common cartridge.
- the adsorbent bed includes at least one of activated carbon media, synthetic carbon, or zeolite, and the halogen-release material includes iodinated resin.
- the passive halogen barrier is a pleated sheet formed of either polypropylene or polyethylene, and the pleated sheet is contiguous with at least one of the adsorbent bed or the halogen-release material.
- a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments includes a spacesuit, and the adsorbent bed, the halogen-release material, and the passive halogen barrier are within the spacesuit.
- a water treatment system includes a canister having an inlet and an outlet.
- the canister has therein, between the inlet and the outlet, an adsorbent bed, a halogen-release material adjacent the adsorbent bed, and a passive halogen barrier intermediate the adsorbent bed and the halogen-release material.
- the passive halogen barrier is a pleated sheet.
- the pleated sheet is formed of polyolefin.
- the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the adsorbent bed.
- the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the halogen-release material.
- adsorbent bed is in a first cartridge and the halogen-release material is in second, separate cartridge.
- adsorbent bed, the passive halogen barrier, and the halogen-release material are in a common cartridge.
- the adsorbent bed includes at least one of activated carbon media, synthetic carbon, or zeolite, and the halogen-release material includes iodinated resin.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example water treatment system that includes an adsorbent bed, a halogen-release material, and a passive halogen barrier.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an adsorbent bed, a halogen-release material, and a passive halogen barrier in a common canister.
- FIG. 3 illustrates another example water treatment system in which an adsorbent bed is in a first cartridge and a halogen-release material is in a second cartridge.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another example water treatment system in which an adsorbent bed and a halogen-release material are in a common cartridge.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a water treatment system that includes a space structure and heat source.
- FIG. 6 illustrates another example water treatment system that includes a space suit and a garment.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example water treatment system 20 (“system 20 ”). As shown, the system 20 is disposed in a water line 22 .
- the water line 22 may be located in a space structure or a terrestrial structure.
- the system 20 serves to remove contaminants from the water and to release a halogen into the water as a biocide.
- the system 20 includes an adsorbent bed 24 and a halogen-release material 26 located downstream of, and adjacent to, the adsorbent bed 24 .
- the term “adjacent” indicates that the location of the halogen-release material 26 is in the vicinity of the adsorbent bed 24 .
- the vicinity of the adsorbent bed 24 may be the region within about twenty lengths of the adsorbent bed 24 . More typically, the vicinity will be within ten lengths, within five lengths, or within one length. Closer proximity between the adsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 yield a more compact system 20 that can be packaged as a unit.
- the adsorbent bed 24 contains an adsorbent media, such as but not limited to, activated carbon, synthetic carbon, and zeolite.
- Synthetic carbon is carbon that is prepared by high temperature processing of carbon-containing starting materials, which may be natural or synthetic.
- Zeolites are microporous aluminosilicate materials.
- the activated carbon is in the form of granules and the activated carbon is configured to remove target contaminants such as organic compounds.
- Halgon is added to the water as a biocide. The halogen can be depleted during use of the system due to capture in filters or adsorbent.
- the halogen-release material 26 serves to replenish the halogen by releasing halogen into the water.
- the halogen-release material 26 may be, but is not limited to, an iodinated resin.
- Other or additional halogen-release materials may include halogen crystals, halogen compounds, or halogen mixtures with other materials. As will be appreciated, this list is not exhaustive and any halogen-release material that is capable of releasing halogen into a water flow-by could be used.
- adsorbent beds or media are incompatible with halogen-release material.
- the adsorbed halogen reduces the capacity of the adsorbent to remove target contaminants. After a period of water stagnation, such as during inactivity or storage of a system, the adsorbent may then not perform to the expected level. In a system in outer space, such a debit to performance could be especially problematic and costly.
- the system 20 disclosed herein includes a passive halogen barrier 28 intermediate of the adsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 .
- the passive halogen barrier 28 is water-permeable and thus only minimally restricts water flow through the system 20 .
- the term “passive” means that the barrier 28 does not consume power to function.
- the passive halogen barrier 28 is configured to block or remove halogens from the halogen-release material 26 that would otherwise diffuse back into the adsorbent bed 24 in a stagnant water condition.
- the passive halogen barrier 28 can be used instead of implementing more costly and space-consuming alternatives, such as disconnecting an adsorbent bed from a halogen-release material (costly manpower) or inclusion of a valve between the bed and release material.
- the passive halogen barrier 28 is an enhanced surface area polyolefin sheet, designated at 28 a .
- the sheet 28 a is pleated or has other features that increase surface area in comparison to a flat sheet.
- the polyolefin of the polyolefin sheet 28 a is formed of polypropylene, polyethylene, or combinations thereof.
- polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene is effective for removing halogen, such as iodine, from water by binding with the iodine.
- the pleats of the polyolefin sheet 28 a provide a barrier thickness, designated at t 1 , that is greater than the thickness of the sheet 28 a itself, shown at t 2 .
- t 1 is greater than t 2 by at least 10%, at least 25%, or at least 50%.
- the barrier thickness provided by the pleats provides a higher surface area (in comparison to the flat sheet) through which the halogen would have to diffuse to reach the adsorbent bed 24 . Even though there is the barrier thickness, the system 20 can still be compact in comparison to alternative solutions of disconnections or valves. Especially in an outer space structure, compactness is highly desirable.
- FIG. 2 shows another example water treatment system 120 that is even more compact.
- the passive halogen barrier 28 is contiguous with the adsorbent bed 24 and also contiguous with the halogen-release material 26 . That is, the passive halogen barrier 28 shares a common boarder, which here is screen 30 a , with the adsorbent bed 24 .
- the passive halogen barrier 28 also shares a common boarder, which here is screen 30 b , with the halogen-release material 26 .
- the passive halogen barrier 28 is contiguous with both the adsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 in this example, it is to be understood that passive halogen barrier 28 could alternatively be contiguous with only one or the other of the adsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 . Being contiguous with both provides a more compact arrangement though.
- the adsorbent bed 24 , the halogen-release material 26 , and the passive halogen barrier 28 are contained within a common housing or canister 32 .
- the canister 32 includes an inlet or influent side 34 and an outlet or effluent side 36 .
- a spring (not numbered) may be provided to retain and compact the adsorbent bed 24 and halogen-release material. In use, water is fed into the inlet 34 and flows through the adsorbent bed 24 , the passive halogen barrier 28 , and the halogen-release material 26 before exiting through the outlet 36 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates another example water treatment system 220 that is somewhat similar to the system 120 of FIG. 2 .
- the adsorbent bed 24 is in a first cartridge 24 a and the halogen-release material 26 is in a second cartridge 26 a .
- the cartridges 24 a / 26 a may include, but are not limited to, a structure or lattice that supports, respectively, the adsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 therein.
- the cartridges 24 a / 26 a may further include screens and/or nets for retaining the adsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 inside.
- the cartridges 24 a / 26 a are insertable into, and removable from, the canister 32 .
- one or both of the cartridges 24 a / 26 a can be removed from the canister 32 and replaced.
- the separate cartridges 24 a / 26 a also provide the benefit of being able to individually remove either of the cartridges 24 a / 26 a without removal of the other.
- FIG. 4 shows another example water treatment system 320 in which the adsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 are in a common cartridge 340 .
- the common cartridge 340 in addition to the adsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 , the common cartridge 340 includes the passive halogen barrier 28 and the screens 30 a / 30 b .
- the common cartridge 340 is insertable into, and removable from, the canister 32 .
- the cartridge 340 can also be removed and replaced.
- FIG. 5 shows another example water treatment system 420 .
- the adsorbent bed 24 , halogen-release material 26 , and passive halogen barrier 28 are disposed within a space structure 450 , which is here also considered to be part of the system 420 .
- the water line 22 in this example is a recirculation loop that runs between a heat source 452 and a sublimator 454 .
- the sublimator 454 generally includes a porous plate 454 a that is connected with a water feed line 456 .
- a thermal transfer member 456 is arranged adjacent the porous plate 454 a .
- the water feed line 456 provides water to the porous plate 454 a , or at least the vicinity of the porous plate 454 a .
- the water freezes on the surface of the porous plate 454 a .
- the opposed side of the porous plate 454 a is exposed to a vacuum, which is typically the vacuum of outer space. The vacuum sublimes the frozen water, thereby removing heat.
- the water in water line 22 circulates through the heat source 452 , the adsorbent bed 24 , the passive halogen barrier 28 , and the halogen-release material 26 into the sublimator 454 .
- the sublimator 454 removes heat from the water in water line 22 through the thermal transfer member 456 .
- the cooled water then returns to the heat source 452 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates a modified example water treatment system 520 that is similar to system 420 .
- the system 520 includes a space structure which is a space suit 550 .
- the space suit 550 includes a garment 552 , which is connected within the water line recirculation loop 22 .
- the water in the water line 22 circulates through the garment 552 to regulate the temperature of the astronaut wearing the garment.
- heat is removed from the circulating water by way of the sublimator 454 .
- One example of the spacesuit 550 is the Extravehicular Mobility Unit, which includes an outer garment, also known as a Thermal Micro-meteoroid Garment, a portable life support system, and a pressure garment.
- the pressure garment provides, among other things, thermal management of the astronaut wearing the spacesuit. This pressure garment may be the garment 552 connected in the water line 22 .
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
A water treatment system includes an adsorbent bed, a halogen-release material downstream of, and adjacent to, the adsorbent bed, and a passive halogen barrier intermediate of the adsorbent bed and the halogen-release material.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/629,790 filed Jun. 22, 2017.
- The International Space Station, spacesuits such as the Extravehicular Mobility Unit, spacecraft, or other space structures that operate in outer space include systems that use water. Depending on the system, the water may come into contact with heat exchangers, pumps, valves, sublimators, circulation circuits in astronaut garments, and other components.
- Typically the water is filtered and treated to remove contaminants and destroy micro-organisms that could otherwise foul the components and debit performance. If the filters and water treatments do not perform at expected levels or are compromised in some way, the levels of contaminants or micro-organisms may increase and, if untreated, lead to fouling. While some components are returned from space and restored at regular intervals, premature fouling may require early return, which greatly increases costs.
- A water treatment system according to an example of the present disclosure includes an adsorbent bed, a halogen-release material downstream of, and adjacent to, the adsorbent bed, and a passive halogen barrier intermediate the adsorbent bed and the halogen-release material.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the passive halogen barrier is a pleated sheet.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the pleated sheet is formed of polyolefin.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the adsorbent bed.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, rein the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the halogen-release material.
- A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments includes a common canister that has an inlet and an outlet, and the adsorbent bed, the passive halogen barrier, and the halogen-release material are within the common canister intermediate the inlet and the outlet.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, adsorbent bed is in a first cartridge and the halogen-release material is in second, separate cartridge.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, adsorbent bed, the passive halogen barrier, and the halogen-release material are in a common cartridge.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the adsorbent bed includes at least one of activated carbon media, synthetic carbon, or zeolite, and the halogen-release material includes iodinated resin.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the passive halogen barrier is a pleated sheet formed of either polypropylene or polyethylene, and the pleated sheet is contiguous with at least one of the adsorbent bed or the halogen-release material.
- A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments includes a spacesuit, and the adsorbent bed, the halogen-release material, and the passive halogen barrier are within the spacesuit.
- A water treatment system according to an example of the present disclosure includes a canister having an inlet and an outlet. The canister has therein, between the inlet and the outlet, an adsorbent bed, a halogen-release material adjacent the adsorbent bed, and a passive halogen barrier intermediate the adsorbent bed and the halogen-release material.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the passive halogen barrier is a pleated sheet.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the pleated sheet is formed of polyolefin.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the adsorbent bed.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the halogen-release material.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, adsorbent bed is in a first cartridge and the halogen-release material is in second, separate cartridge.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, adsorbent bed, the passive halogen barrier, and the halogen-release material are in a common cartridge.
- In a further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments, the adsorbent bed includes at least one of activated carbon media, synthetic carbon, or zeolite, and the halogen-release material includes iodinated resin.
- The various features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can be briefly described as follows.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates an example water treatment system that includes an adsorbent bed, a halogen-release material, and a passive halogen barrier. -
FIG. 2 illustrates an adsorbent bed, a halogen-release material, and a passive halogen barrier in a common canister. -
FIG. 3 illustrates another example water treatment system in which an adsorbent bed is in a first cartridge and a halogen-release material is in a second cartridge. -
FIG. 4 illustrates another example water treatment system in which an adsorbent bed and a halogen-release material are in a common cartridge. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a water treatment system that includes a space structure and heat source. -
FIG. 6 illustrates another example water treatment system that includes a space suit and a garment. -
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example water treatment system 20 (“system 20”). As shown, thesystem 20 is disposed in awater line 22. Thewater line 22 may be located in a space structure or a terrestrial structure. As will be described, thesystem 20 serves to remove contaminants from the water and to release a halogen into the water as a biocide. - The
system 20 includes anadsorbent bed 24 and a halogen-release material 26 located downstream of, and adjacent to, theadsorbent bed 24. The term “adjacent” indicates that the location of the halogen-release material 26 is in the vicinity of theadsorbent bed 24. Although not limited, the vicinity of theadsorbent bed 24 may be the region within about twenty lengths of theadsorbent bed 24. More typically, the vicinity will be within ten lengths, within five lengths, or within one length. Closer proximity between theadsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 yield a morecompact system 20 that can be packaged as a unit. - The
adsorbent bed 24 contains an adsorbent media, such as but not limited to, activated carbon, synthetic carbon, and zeolite. Synthetic carbon is carbon that is prepared by high temperature processing of carbon-containing starting materials, which may be natural or synthetic. Zeolites are microporous aluminosilicate materials. Most typically, the activated carbon is in the form of granules and the activated carbon is configured to remove target contaminants such as organic compounds. Halgon is added to the water as a biocide. The halogen can be depleted during use of the system due to capture in filters or adsorbent. The halogen-release material 26 serves to replenish the halogen by releasing halogen into the water. The halogen-release material 26 to may be, but is not limited to, an iodinated resin. Other or additional halogen-release materials may include halogen crystals, halogen compounds, or halogen mixtures with other materials. As will be appreciated, this list is not exhaustive and any halogen-release material that is capable of releasing halogen into a water flow-by could be used. - It has been found that under some conditions adsorbent beds or media are incompatible with halogen-release material. Put another way, there can be interactions that degrade performance. For instance, in a stagnant water environment where the release material is in the vicinity of the adsorbent, the halogen from the release material can diffuse through the stagnant water to the adsorbent. The potential for the halogen to reach the adsorbent increases the closer the release material is to the adsorbent. The adsorbent may adsorb the halogen. The adsorbed halogen irreversibly binds to an adsorption site that would otherwise be available for adsorption of target contaminants. Thus, the adsorbed halogen reduces the capacity of the adsorbent to remove target contaminants. After a period of water stagnation, such as during inactivity or storage of a system, the adsorbent may then not perform to the expected level. In a system in outer space, such a debit to performance could be especially problematic and costly.
- To reduce or eliminate the effects of this diffusion phenomenon, the
system 20 disclosed herein includes apassive halogen barrier 28 intermediate of theadsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26. Thepassive halogen barrier 28 is water-permeable and thus only minimally restricts water flow through thesystem 20. The term “passive” means that thebarrier 28 does not consume power to function. Thepassive halogen barrier 28 is configured to block or remove halogens from the halogen-release material 26 that would otherwise diffuse back into theadsorbent bed 24 in a stagnant water condition. Thus, thepassive halogen barrier 28 can be used instead of implementing more costly and space-consuming alternatives, such as disconnecting an adsorbent bed from a halogen-release material (costly manpower) or inclusion of a valve between the bed and release material. - As an example, the
passive halogen barrier 28 is an enhanced surface area polyolefin sheet, designated at 28 a. As an example, thesheet 28 a is pleated or has other features that increase surface area in comparison to a flat sheet. For instance, the polyolefin of thepolyolefin sheet 28 a is formed of polypropylene, polyethylene, or combinations thereof. In particular, polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene is effective for removing halogen, such as iodine, from water by binding with the iodine. Moreover, if pleated, the pleats of thepolyolefin sheet 28 a provide a barrier thickness, designated at t1, that is greater than the thickness of thesheet 28 a itself, shown at t2. In some examples, t1 is greater than t2 by at least 10%, at least 25%, or at least 50%. The barrier thickness provided by the pleats provides a higher surface area (in comparison to the flat sheet) through which the halogen would have to diffuse to reach theadsorbent bed 24. Even though there is the barrier thickness, thesystem 20 can still be compact in comparison to alternative solutions of disconnections or valves. Especially in an outer space structure, compactness is highly desirable. - In the
system 20, the halogen-release material 26 is spaced apart from theadsorbent bed 24, and thepassive halogen barrier 28 is spaced apart from both theadsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26. Although compact,FIG. 2 shows another examplewater treatment system 120 that is even more compact. In this example, thepassive halogen barrier 28 is contiguous with theadsorbent bed 24 and also contiguous with the halogen-release material 26. That is, thepassive halogen barrier 28 shares a common boarder, which here isscreen 30 a, with theadsorbent bed 24. Thepassive halogen barrier 28 also shares a common boarder, which here isscreen 30 b, with the halogen-release material 26. Although thepassive halogen barrier 28 is contiguous with both theadsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 in this example, it is to be understood thatpassive halogen barrier 28 could alternatively be contiguous with only one or the other of theadsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26. Being contiguous with both provides a more compact arrangement though. - In this example, the
adsorbent bed 24, the halogen-release material 26, and thepassive halogen barrier 28 are contained within a common housing orcanister 32. Thecanister 32 includes an inlet orinfluent side 34 and an outlet oreffluent side 36. A spring (not numbered) may be provided to retain and compact theadsorbent bed 24 and halogen-release material. In use, water is fed into theinlet 34 and flows through theadsorbent bed 24, thepassive halogen barrier 28, and the halogen-release material 26 before exiting through theoutlet 36. -
FIG. 3 illustrates another example water treatment system 220 that is somewhat similar to thesystem 120 ofFIG. 2 . In this example, theadsorbent bed 24 is in afirst cartridge 24 a and the halogen-release material 26 is in asecond cartridge 26 a. Thecartridges 24 a/26 a may include, but are not limited to, a structure or lattice that supports, respectively, theadsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 therein. Thecartridges 24 a/26 a may further include screens and/or nets for retaining theadsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 inside. Thecartridges 24 a/26 a are insertable into, and removable from, thecanister 32. Thus, if there is a need for replacement or regenerative treatment, one or both of thecartridges 24 a/26 a can be removed from thecanister 32 and replaced. Theseparate cartridges 24 a/26 a also provide the benefit of being able to individually remove either of thecartridges 24 a/26 a without removal of the other. - Alternatively,
FIG. 4 shows another example water treatment system 320 in which theadsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26 are in acommon cartridge 340. In this example, in addition to theadsorbent bed 24 and the halogen-release material 26, thecommon cartridge 340 includes thepassive halogen barrier 28 and thescreens 30 a/30 b. As with thecartridges 24 a/26 a, thecommon cartridge 340 is insertable into, and removable from, thecanister 32. Thus, thecartridge 340 can also be removed and replaced. -
FIG. 5 shows another examplewater treatment system 420. In this example, theadsorbent bed 24, halogen-release material 26, andpassive halogen barrier 28 are disposed within aspace structure 450, which is here also considered to be part of thesystem 420. More specifically, thewater line 22 in this example is a recirculation loop that runs between aheat source 452 and asublimator 454. - The
sublimator 454 generally includes aporous plate 454 a that is connected with awater feed line 456. Athermal transfer member 456 is arranged adjacent theporous plate 454 a. Thewater feed line 456 provides water to theporous plate 454 a, or at least the vicinity of theporous plate 454 a. The water freezes on the surface of theporous plate 454 a. The opposed side of theporous plate 454 a is exposed to a vacuum, which is typically the vacuum of outer space. The vacuum sublimes the frozen water, thereby removing heat. - The water in
water line 22 circulates through theheat source 452, theadsorbent bed 24, thepassive halogen barrier 28, and the halogen-release material 26 into thesublimator 454. Thesublimator 454 removes heat from the water inwater line 22 through thethermal transfer member 456. The cooled water then returns to theheat source 452. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a modified examplewater treatment system 520 that is similar tosystem 420. In this example, thesystem 520 includes a space structure which is aspace suit 550. Thespace suit 550 includes agarment 552, which is connected within the waterline recirculation loop 22. The water in thewater line 22 circulates through thegarment 552 to regulate the temperature of the astronaut wearing the garment. As discussed above, heat is removed from the circulating water by way of thesublimator 454. One example of thespacesuit 550 is the Extravehicular Mobility Unit, which includes an outer garment, also known as a Thermal Micro-meteoroid Garment, a portable life support system, and a pressure garment. The pressure garment provides, among other things, thermal management of the astronaut wearing the spacesuit. This pressure garment may be thegarment 552 connected in thewater line 22. - Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated examples, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the Figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the Figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
- The preceding description is exemplary rather than limiting in nature. Variations and modifications to the disclosed examples may become apparent to those skilled in the art that do not necessarily depart from this disclosure. The scope of legal protection given to this disclosure can only be determined by studying the following claims.
Claims (19)
1. A water treatment system comprising:
an adsorbent bed;
a halogen-release material downstream of, and adjacent to, the adsorbent bed; and
a passive halogen barrier intermediate the adsorbent bed and the halogen-release material.
2. The water treatment system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the passive halogen barrier is a pleated sheet.
3. The water treatment system as recited in claim 2 , wherein the pleated sheet is formed of polyolefin.
4. The water treatment system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the adsorbent bed.
5. The water treatment system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the halogen-release material.
6. The water treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a common canister having an inlet and an outlet, and the adsorbent bed, the passive halogen barrier, and the halogen-release material are within the common canister intermediate the inlet and the outlet.
7. The water treatment system as recited in claim 1 , wherein adsorbent bed is in a first cartridge and the halogen-release material is in second, separate cartridge.
8. The water treatment system as recited in claim 1 , wherein adsorbent bed, the passive halogen barrier, and the halogen-release material are in a common cartridge.
9. The water treatment system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent bed includes at least one of activated carbon media, synthetic carbon, or zeolite, and the halogen-release material includes iodinated resin.
10. The water treatment system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the passive halogen barrier is a pleated sheet formed of either polypropylene or polyethylene, and the pleated sheet is contiguous with at least one of the adsorbent bed or the halogen-release material.
11. The water treatment system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a spacesuit, and the adsorbent bed, the halogen-release material, and the passive halogen barrier are within the spacesuit.
12. A water treatment system comprising:
a canister having an inlet and an outlet, the canister including therein between the inlet and the outlet:
an adsorbent bed,
a halogen-release material adjacent the adsorbent bed, and
a passive halogen barrier intermediate the adsorbent bed and the halogen-release material.
13. The water treatment system as recited in claim 12 , wherein the passive halogen barrier is a pleated sheet.
14. The water treatment system as recited in claim 13 , wherein the pleated sheet is formed of polyolefin.
15. The water treatment system as recited in claim 14 , wherein the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the adsorbent bed.
16. The water treatment system as recited in claim 12 , wherein the passive halogen barrier is contiguous with the halogen-release material.
17. The water treatment system as recited in claim 12 , wherein adsorbent bed is in a first cartridge and the halogen-release material is in second, separate cartridge.
18. The water treatment system as recited in claim 12 , wherein adsorbent bed, the passive halogen barrier, and the halogen-release material are in a common cartridge.
19. The water treatment system as recited in claim 12 , wherein the adsorbent bed includes at least one of activated carbon media, synthetic carbon, or zeolite, and the halogen-release material includes iodinated resin.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/545,074 US20190367383A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2019-08-20 | Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/629,790 US10427952B2 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2017-06-22 | Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier |
US16/545,074 US20190367383A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2019-08-20 | Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/629,790 Continuation US10427952B2 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2017-06-22 | Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20190367383A1 true US20190367383A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
Family
ID=62750827
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/629,790 Active 2038-04-13 US10427952B2 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2017-06-22 | Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier |
US16/545,074 Abandoned US20190367383A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2019-08-20 | Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/629,790 Active 2038-04-13 US10427952B2 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2017-06-22 | Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10427952B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3418259B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10640240B2 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2020-05-05 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Thermal management system with sublimator and adsorbent bed |
US11285039B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2022-03-29 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Thermal management system with sublimator and adsorbent bed |
CN111268175B (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2022-03-18 | 扬州大学 | Space water sublimator restraining structure for preventing breakdown instability |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5273649A (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-12-28 | Magnusson Jan H | Personal water purification systems |
US5545315A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-08-13 | Wtc Industries, Inc. | Water filtering and purifying apparatus |
US20100006505A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Terryll Riley Smith | Filter with iodinated resin and filter life indicator |
US7655145B1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2010-02-02 | United States Government as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | Contaminated water treatment |
US20110278243A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | Selecto, Inc. | Fluid Purification Media and Systems and Methods of Using Same |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999033539A1 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-08 | The Clorox Company | Water purification filter |
US7125490B2 (en) | 2003-05-29 | 2006-10-24 | Porex Corporation | Porous filter |
WO2006021966A1 (en) | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Mon Chatrath | Improvement in or relating to personal filter bottle |
US20080011662A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 | 2008-01-17 | Emil Milosavljevic | Compositions and methods for fluid purification |
US8425771B2 (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2013-04-23 | Miracle Straw Corporation, Inc. | Double chamber water purification device |
EP2550083A4 (en) | 2010-03-22 | 2015-07-15 | Water Security Corp | Filter comprising a halogen release system and chitosan |
US9096444B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2015-08-04 | Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. | Low pressure drop remediation bed for water based coolant loops |
-
2017
- 2017-06-22 US US15/629,790 patent/US10427952B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-06-22 EP EP18179264.9A patent/EP3418259B1/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-08-20 US US16/545,074 patent/US20190367383A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5273649A (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-12-28 | Magnusson Jan H | Personal water purification systems |
US5545315A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-08-13 | Wtc Industries, Inc. | Water filtering and purifying apparatus |
US7655145B1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2010-02-02 | United States Government as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | Contaminated water treatment |
US20100006505A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Terryll Riley Smith | Filter with iodinated resin and filter life indicator |
US20110278243A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | Selecto, Inc. | Fluid Purification Media and Systems and Methods of Using Same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180370820A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
EP3418259B1 (en) | 2021-09-29 |
EP3418259A3 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
US10427952B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 |
EP3418259A2 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20190367383A1 (en) | Water treatment system with passive halogen barrier | |
US11285039B2 (en) | Thermal management system with sublimator and adsorbent bed | |
US8741137B2 (en) | Filtering methods and configurations | |
EP1985589B1 (en) | Water purifying apparatus | |
US10071926B2 (en) | Scale prevention for aircraft water system | |
CN102824791A (en) | Air purifying device | |
KR102138010B1 (en) | Composit filter of water purifier | |
KR20180016158A (en) | Filter system | |
US10202292B2 (en) | System and method of water purification utilizing an ionomer membrane | |
EP3431176B1 (en) | Thermal management system with sublimator and adsorbent bed | |
JP2007237164A (en) | Cartridge for water purifier and water purifier | |
JP2012170931A (en) | Wastewater-treating device | |
US9394185B2 (en) | Low pressure drop remediation bed for water based coolant loops | |
US10343140B2 (en) | System with multiple adsorbents for ammonia and organic removal | |
KR20100106858A (en) | Water purifier capable of reducing residual chlorine | |
JP2004305193A (en) | Method for transporting live fish and shellfish with high density | |
JP2016185510A (en) | Exhaust gas treatment equipment | |
DE102019118977A1 (en) | Adsorber cooling | |
JP2006015273A (en) | Water treatment apparatus | |
US11986752B2 (en) | System and method of water purification utilizing an ionomer membrane | |
KR101981343B1 (en) | System and method for manufacturing ultrapure water and chilled water | |
KR20090025014A (en) | Water purifier | |
JP2011050912A (en) | Water treatment apparatus | |
KR20160090783A (en) | Water Purifier Capable of Reducing Residual Chlorine | |
US20050127004A1 (en) | Filter system for removing contaminants from water and method of use |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |