US20190329807A1 - Method and arrangement for fault detection in a switch system - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for fault detection in a switch system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190329807A1
US20190329807A1 US16/397,117 US201916397117A US2019329807A1 US 20190329807 A1 US20190329807 A1 US 20190329807A1 US 201916397117 A US201916397117 A US 201916397117A US 2019329807 A1 US2019329807 A1 US 2019329807A1
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Prior art keywords
switch
operating data
switches
operating
fault
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US16/397,117
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English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Boschert
Christoph Heinrich
Michael Schulze
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SCHULZE, MICHAEL, BOSCHERT, STEFAN, HEINRICH, CHRISTOPH
Publication of US20190329807A1 publication Critical patent/US20190329807A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
    • B61L27/53—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for trackside elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/20—Safety arrangements for preventing or indicating malfunction of the device, e.g. by leakage current, by lightning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/06—Electric devices for operating points or scotch-blocks, e.g. using electromotive driving means
    • B61L5/062—Wiring diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L7/00—Remote control of local operating means for points, signals, or track-mounted scotch-blocks
    • B61L7/06—Remote control of local operating means for points, signals, or track-mounted scotch-blocks using electrical transmission
    • B61L7/08—Circuitry

Definitions

  • the following relates to a method and arrangement for fault detection in a switch system.
  • switches are generally used for changing over from one track to another. This is the case for example for rail-bound means of transport such as railroads and streetcars and also for switchbacks, trolley coaches or pneumatic mail systems.
  • the switches are central elements of the transport route, which can greatly disrupt an operating sequence if there are malfunctions. It is consequently desirable that malfunctions and other faults in the switch system can be detected as precisely as possible and preferably can be predicted. An identification of a respective cause of a fault would likewise be very advantageous.
  • An aspect relates to a method and an arrangement for fault detection in a switch system that allow more detailed fault indications and/or require less effort.
  • switch system For fault detection in a switch system that is distributed over at least one track route and comprises multiple switches, operating data of the switch concerned are respectively acquired for the switches of the switch system and transmitted to a central control.
  • switch system should be understood here as also referring in particular to any desired group of multiple switches.
  • an arrangement for fault detection in a switch system a computer program product (non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions, which when executed by a processor, perform actions) and a computer-readable storage medium are provided.
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • the embodiment of the invention can advantageously use the fact that switches arranged on the same track route are often passed by the same vehicles, and are therefore subjected to similar loading.
  • switches that are located in spatial proximity are generally exposed to similar ambient conditions, in particular similar weathering conditions.
  • Behaviors, and in particular malfunctional behaviors of switches of a switch system are therefore often correlated with one another. Consequently, a known behavior or malfunctional behavior of similar switches can in many cases be used to detect or predict a behavior or malfunctional behavior of a relatively similar, first switch and/or to identify a probable fault cause.
  • stored operating data of an older switch can in many cases be used to derive accurate forecasts of a future behavior of a relatively similar, more recent switch.
  • fault finding and maintenance in a switch system can often be shortened considerably and fault-specific countermeasures can be initiated at an early time.
  • the embodiment of the invention can be used in particular for the monitoring, testing, commissioning, maintenance, inspection, diagnosis, risk assessment and or control of a switch system, in particular even during operation.
  • the operating data acquired for a respective switch are transmitted to the central control by a transmitting device assigned to this switch.
  • the transmission may take place in a wire-bound or wireless manner and/or by way of a data network, in particular the Internet.
  • the transmitting device assigned to a respective switch may be arranged at the switch concerned or in a signal tower of the switch system. Because of the switch-specific transmitting devices, in many cases no service technician is required on site.
  • an indication of a fault cause may be sought in the operating data of the selected second switch. If such an indication is found, the indication found may be output as a fault indication for the first switch. In cases where the selected second switch has similar operating data to the first switch, a fault cause indicated in the operating data of the selected second switch can often also be assumed as the probable fault cause for the second switch.
  • an indication of a fault that has occurred may be sought in the operating data of the selected second switch. If such an indication is found, the indication found may be output as a fault forecast for the first switch. In cases where the selected second switch has similar operating data to the first switch, a fault stored in the operating data of the selected second switch may serve as a fault forecast for the first switch.
  • the operating data of a respective switch may comprise a variation over time of a power consumption of a switch operating mechanism.
  • An increased current or power consumption may in this case suggest a sluggishness of the switch concerned, which may be caused for example by icing, by an obstacle or by an obstruction, for example a stone.
  • the operating behavior and/or the set behavior of the respective first switch may be simulated by means of a physical simulation model of the first switch on the basis of the operating data of the first switch.
  • a switch operating mechanism, a power transmission and/or a switch blade of the first switch may be simulated by means of the physical simulation model.
  • multiple second switches of which the operating data are similar to the operating data of the first switch may be selected.
  • the operating data of the selected second switches may then be combined to derive the fault indication, in order for example to interpolate or extrapolate an operating parameter.
  • a distance measure for a distance between the respectively compared operating data may be determined.
  • operating data patterns of the operating data to be compared may be determined by a pattern recognition method and compared, and the distance measure may be determined depending on the pattern comparison.
  • that second switch of which the operating data have a smaller or smallest distance from the operating data of the first switch may be selected.
  • a knowledge graph of which the nodes are respectively assigned to a switch of the switch system may be managed by the central control.
  • Operating data of a respective switch may then be stored in assignment to a node assigned to this switch or be stored in this node.
  • historical operating data and other indications about this switch may preferably be collected as comprehensively as possible in assignment to a node.
  • a respective node can consequently be understood as it were as a data twin of the respectively assigned switch.
  • Such a knowledge graph allows operating data and other data originating from different sources, such as for example sensor data, maintenance data, ambient data, weather data or data concerning an installation location of a respective switch, to be brought together centrally.
  • the data brought together may then be linked, correlated and evaluated in a particularly diverse way.
  • virtual operating data for a multiplicity of virtual switches may be generated by means of a physical simulation model.
  • the virtual operating data may then be used as operating data of the second switches.
  • a number of the virtual switches may be determined here depending on a number and/or an age of the switches of the switch system. In particular, the number of virtual switches may be increased in the case of recent and/or small switch systems.
  • a volume of comparative data for comparing with the operating data of the first switch can be increased. This allows better fault detection, and generally improves an application of data-driven evaluation methods, in particular in the case of recent or small switch systems.
  • FIG. 1 shows a switch system controlled by a central control
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement according to embodiments of the invention for fault detection in the switch system.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a switch system WS of a track-bound means of transport, for example a railroad, that is controlled by a central control CTL.
  • the switch system WS may also be provided for other rail-bound means of transport, such as for example streetcars and switchbacks, trolley coaches, cable cars or pneumatic mail systems.
  • the switch system WS comprises a multiplicity of switches W, which are arranged in spatial proximity to one another along track routes ST 1 and ST 2 or in some other way.
  • the track route ST 1 here comprises the tracks SP 1 and SP 2 and the track route ST 2 comprises the tracks SP 3 and SP 4 .
  • Switches W arranged on the same track or track route are often passed by the same vehicles one after the other, and are consequently subjected to loading and wear in a similar way.
  • switches W that are located in spatial proximity to one another are exposed to similar ambient conditions, in particular similar weathering influences. Consequently, behaviors, and consequently malfunctions, of the switches W concerned are often strongly correlated with one another.
  • a behavior or a malfunction of a first switch can in many cases be detected, and in particular predicted, more accurately by a known behavior of neighboring or similar switches being evaluated.
  • a fault cause can often be identified in this way.
  • operating data BD of the switches WR are continuously and switch-individually acquired by sensors.
  • the operating data BD comprise in particular a variation over time of a current consumption or power consumption of a respective switch operating mechanism and an installation location of a respective switch W.
  • Many types of fault leave a characteristic signature in this variation over time, on the basis of which the fault can be detected and/or identified.
  • an increased current consumption of a switch operating mechanism often suggests a sluggishness of the switch, for example as a result of icing, an obstacle and/or by an obstruction, for example a trapped stone.
  • the variation over time of the current consumption or power consumption of a switch operating mechanism may be acquired at the switch W concerned or in a signal tower of the switch system WS.
  • the operating data BD may comprise in particular physical, technical-control, technical-effect and/or type-dependent operating parameters, property data, performance data, effect data, state data, configuration data, system data, default values, control data, sensor data, measured values, ambient data, weather data, temperature data, monitoring data, forecast data, analysis data, maintenance data, data concerning an operating time of the switch and/or other data occurring during the operation of the switch or relevant to the operation of the switch.
  • the operating data BD are transmitted to a central control CTL of the switch system WS by transmitting devices of the switch system WS in a wire-bound and/or wireless manner.
  • the transmitting devices are respectively assigned to a switch W and may be arranged at the assigned switch W or in the signal tower of the switch system WS.
  • the central control CTL may preferably be implemented as a central computer in the signal tower of the switch system WS and/or at least partially in a cloud. To control the switches W, the central control CTL generates control data ST, preferably depending on the operating data BD received, and transmits these control data to the switch system WS.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement according to the embodiment of the invention for fault detection in a switch system in a schematic representation.
  • a first switch W 1 of the switch system, for which a fault indication is to be derived, and a multiplicity of other, second switches W 2 of the switch system, on the basis of which this fault indication is derived, are represented.
  • Switches D 1 and D 2 respectively have sensors, which continuously acquire operating data BD 1 for the switch W 1 and operating data BD 2 respectively for the switches W 2 .
  • the switch W 1 is assigned a transmitting device SE 1 , which transmits the acquired operating data BD 1 to a central control CTL in a wire-bound and/or wireless manner.
  • the second switches W 2 are respectively assigned a transmitting device SE 2 , which transmits the operating data BD 2 of the respective switch W 2 to the central control CTL in a wire-bound and/or wireless manner. Because of the transmitting devices SE 1 and SE 2 , no service technician is required on site for the acquisition and evaluation of the operating data BD 1 and BD 2 .
  • the aforementioned switch system, the first switch W 1 , the second switches W 2 , the operating data BD 1 and BD 2 and the central control CTL may preferably be designed as described in connection with FIG. 1 .
  • the central control CTL has one or more processors PROC for carrying out the method steps of the embodiment of the invention and has one or more memories MEM coupled to the processor PROC for storing the data to be processed by the central control CTL.
  • the central control CTL also has a simulation module SIM, which serves for simulating on the basis of the transmitted operating data of a switch a dynamic operating behavior of this switch by means of a physical switch simulation model SM.
  • the simulation module may in particular simulate a switch operating mechanism, a drive motor, a force transmission and/or a switch blade of the switch.
  • the operating data, here BD 1 of the switch to be simulated, here W 1 , are fed to the simulation module SIM.
  • the simulation is preferably carried out in parallel with the operation of the switch, and advantageously in real time.
  • virtual operating data are generated for a multiplicity of virtual switches by means of the simulation model SM or some other physical switch simulation model.
  • the operating data BD 2 of the second switches W 2 can be supplemented, in order to increase a volume of comparative data with which the operating data BD 1 of the first switch W 1 can be compared.
  • the number of virtual switches may be determined depending on a number of switches in the switch system and/or depending on an operating age of these switches.
  • a knowledge graph KG which is preferably implemented in a cloud C, is managed by the central control CTL. Along with the knowledge graph KG, components of the central control CTL may also be transferred into the cloud C or implemented there.
  • the knowledge graph KG comprises as data structures a multiplicity of nodes, which are interlinked by edges of the knowledge graph KG.
  • the nodes are respectively uniquely assigned to a switch of the switch system or its switch operating mechanism, for example on the basis of a serial number of the switch or of the switch operating mechanism.
  • switches here W 1 and W 2
  • their operating data here BD 1 and BD 2
  • a respective node of the knowledge graph KG is intended to act as it were as a data twin of the assigned switch.
  • a variation over time of the current or power consumption of the switch operating mechanism of a respective switch and/or a force consumption or a time taken for changing over a switch are acquired as operating data and stored in the respectively assigned node.
  • the operating data of the respective switch acquired and transmitted at the time, in particular data concerning its installation location, maintenance data, state data, ambient data, data concerning the operating age or aging state, technical parameters and/or historical operating data of the respective switch are stored in the assigned node.
  • the historical operating data in this case preferably include indications about a load history and or about malfunctions that have occurred of the switch concerned and preferably indications about fault causes.
  • the operating data of an older switch or an older switch operating mechanism stored in the knowledge graph KG can in many cases be used to derive accurate forecasts of a future behavior of a more recent switch.
  • edges of the knowledge graph KG respectively connect nodes of the knowledge graph KG.
  • An edge between two or more nodes may preferably be assigned operating relationships between the assigned switches. Such operating relationships between multiple switches may in particular comprise their sequence on a track route and/or some other neighborhood relationship or similarity relationship.
  • the central control CTL also has a monitoring module MON for determining a deviation of an operating behavior of a respective switch, here W 1 , from a set behavior of the switch.
  • the operating data BD 1 are transmitted to the monitoring module MON.
  • the operating behavior of the first switch W 1 is determined on the basis of the operating data BD 1 and/or at least partially simulated by the simulation module SIM.
  • the set behavior of the first switch W 1 may be preset and/or at least partially simulated by the simulation module SIM on the basis of the operating data BD 1 .
  • the monitoring module MON is coupled to the simulation module SIM.
  • the operating behavior and/or set behavior may be respectively represented by a variation over time or a signature of the current or power consumption of the switch concerned or its switch operating mechanism and/or by a force consumption or a time taken for changing over a switch or by other behavioral patterns of the switch concerned.
  • the monitoring module MON may establish the deviation of the operating behavior of the first switch W 1 from the set behavior for example by comparing the operating behavior with the set behavior, determining a distance measure and checking whether the distance measure lies outside a preset tolerance range or above a preset threshold value.
  • the monitoring module MON instigates an inquiry of the operating data BD 2 of the second switches W 2 and a comparison of the operating data BD 1 of the first switch W 1 with the inquired operating data BD 2 of the second switches W 2 .
  • the initiation of the inquiry and the comparison is indicated in FIG. 2 by a dashed arrow.
  • operating data patterns or signatures may be acquired by pattern recognition methods and compared.
  • a distance measure D for a distance of the respectively compared operating data or operating data patterns is in each case determined as the comparison result.
  • a respective distance measure D is in this case determined for a respective distance between the operating data BD 1 of the first switch W 1 and the operating data BD 2 of a respective second switch W 2 .
  • the distance measures D may also be understood as similarity measures.
  • distances or similarities between operating data and/or operating data patterns are determined in particular with regard to a current or power consumption of a switch operating mechanism, an installation location, an association with a track route, an operating age and/or an aging state of a respective switch.
  • a distance measure D an Euclidean or weighted distance between operating data vectors or operating data sub-vectors may be determined.
  • a weighted distance preferably operating-data-specific or operating-data—type-specific weights may be used.
  • logical distances may also be used for the calculation of the distance measure D.
  • conditional probabilities or correlations for a train that travels over a first switch then also traveling over a second switch may be calculated. Switches that are strongly correlated in this respect can then be assigned a smaller distance than correspondingly more weakly correlated switches.
  • the above comparisons serve the purpose of finding that or those of the second switches W 2 that is/are particularly similar to the first switch W 1 , behave(s) particularly similarly to it and/or has/have the same or similar signatures in the operating data.
  • those of the second switches W 2 that have behaved similarly to the first switch W 1 in an earlier time period are searched.
  • accurate forecasts of the further behavior of the first switch W 1 can be derived.
  • fault causes detected in the case of the second switches can often be identified as the probable fault cause for the first switch W 1 .
  • the comparisons or the similarity search are preferably carried out on the knowledge graph KG in the cloud C.
  • the distance measures D are fed to a selection device SEL of the central control CTL.
  • the operating data BD 2 of the second switches W 2 are also transmitted to the selection device SEL.
  • One or more second switches W 2 of which the operating data BD 2 have a smaller or a smallest distance D from the operating data BD 1 of the first switch W 1 are selected by the selection device SEL on the basis of the distance measures D and the operating data BD 2 .
  • a selection criterion it may be checked here for example whether a respective distance D is smaller than a preset threshold value or smaller than all of the other distances D.
  • the distance measure D is specifically calculated such that, with otherwise similar operating data, preferably that or those switches W 2 that lie on the same track or track route as the first switch W 1 and/or is/are located in the spatial proximity of the first switch W 1 is/are selected.
  • the behavior, and consequently the malfunctions, of those second switches W 2 are often strongly correlated with the behavior and malfunctions of the first switch W 1 .
  • the selection device SEL transmits operating data SBD 2 of the at least one second switch W 2 that is selected, and is consequently similar to the first switch W 1 , to a fault detection module FDM.
  • their operating data may for example be combined by means of interpolation or extrapolation.
  • the operating data BD 1 of the first switch W 1 are transmitted to the fault detection module FDM.
  • the fault detection module FDM derives a fault indication FA 1 for the first switch W 1 .
  • the fault indication FA 1 preferably comprises a fault cause for a fault that has occurred and/or a fault forecast for one or more faults to be expected.
  • the fault indication FA 1 is output by the central control and can be used for the anticipatory control of the switch system.
  • a fault cause for the first switch W 1 may for example be derived by the operating data SBD 2 similar to the operating data BD 1 being searched through for a fault cause stored there and this being output as the probable fault cause for the first switch W 1 .
  • the operating data SBD 2 may be searched through for faults that have occurred and faults that are found output as a fault forecast for the first switch W 1 .
  • the embodiment of the invention described above easily allows an efficient and detailed detection of faults and their probable cause and a forecast of faults to be expected. In this way, fault finding and maintenance of a switch system can in many cases be shortened considerably and fault-specific countermeasures can be initiated at an early time.
  • the fault indication output on the basis of the fault indication output, maintenance personnel can be informed as to which fault-specific tool is required for maintenance.
  • the fault indications output may serve for estimating a risk of failure, a still remaining operating time and/or a degree of severity of a fault.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
US16/397,117 2018-04-30 2019-04-29 Method and arrangement for fault detection in a switch system Abandoned US20190329807A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18170074.1A EP3564091A1 (de) 2018-04-30 2018-04-30 Verfahren und anordnung zur fehlerdetektion in einem weichensystem
EP18170074.1 2018-04-30

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JP7416919B2 (ja) 2019-09-11 2024-01-17 華為技術有限公司 データ処理方法及び装置並びにコンピュータ記憶媒体

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CN112477917B (zh) * 2020-11-10 2022-12-16 交控科技股份有限公司 道岔故障检测方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质

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CN101513884A (zh) * 2008-12-29 2009-08-26 卡斯柯信号有限公司 道岔曲线分析处理方法
CN103359137A (zh) * 2012-03-31 2013-10-23 上海申通地铁集团有限公司 道岔故障预警方法
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CN106017954A (zh) * 2016-05-13 2016-10-12 南京雅信科技集团有限公司 基于音频分析的道岔转辙机故障预警系统及方法
CN106124885B (zh) * 2016-06-13 2018-08-14 四川网达科技有限公司 道岔故障检测装置与方法
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CN107203746B (zh) * 2017-05-12 2020-06-19 同济大学 一种道岔故障识别方法

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CN110775096A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-02-11 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司通信信号研究所 一种针对微电子道岔控制板的自动监控方法和装置

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