US20190303926A1 - Blockchain loan transaction systems and methods - Google Patents

Blockchain loan transaction systems and methods Download PDF

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US20190303926A1
US20190303926A1 US16/370,283 US201916370283A US2019303926A1 US 20190303926 A1 US20190303926 A1 US 20190303926A1 US 201916370283 A US201916370283 A US 201916370283A US 2019303926 A1 US2019303926 A1 US 2019303926A1
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loan
blockchain
contract
request
deploying
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Jonathan Yantis
William Edward Quigley
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Exposition Park Holdings Sezc
Verona Holdings SEZC
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Assigned to VERONA HOLDINGS SEZC reassignment VERONA HOLDINGS SEZC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Quigley, William Edward, YANTIS, Jonathan
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/389—Keeping log of transactions for guaranteeing non-repudiation of a transaction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/03—Credit; Loans; Processing thereof
    • G06Q40/025—

Definitions

  • the systems and methods described herein are in the field of blockchain technologies and smart contracts, specifically in the field of utilizing smart contracts and blockchains to document and implement loan transactions.
  • the invention comprises a system for implementing, documenting, and executing loan transactions utilizing smart contracts on blockchain technology, and a transfer agent for addressing funds transfer and collateral requirements that cannot be met by smart contracts.
  • a method performed by a computing system includes deploying into a blockchain computer-executable program contract code of a loan contract specifying an asset to be transferred between a lender and a borrower, wherein said computer-executable program code further comprises one or more invokable methods; under control of the contract code, deploying into the blockchain a loan request; under control of the contract code, accessing the loan request and offering a loan; and under control of the contract code, deploying into the blockchain a loan agreement specifying the terms of a loan between the lender and the borrower.
  • the asset is digital and the loan transaction is executed under control of the contract code.
  • the asset is tangible, and the method also includes selecting a transfer agent; executing the loan agreement; and deploying into the blockchain loan repayment data.
  • the one or more invokable methods include a loan request method, a loan review method, a loan modify method and a loan accept method.
  • a loan request method further includes accepting at least one proposed loan term from the borrower; and deploying into the blockchain the at least one proposed loan term as a loan request.
  • a loan review method includes reviewing a loan request; and deploying into the blockchain an acceptance of the loan request.
  • the loan modify method includes under control of the contract code, deploying into the blockchain a counter offer.
  • the loan accept method includes deploying into the blockchain an agreement on the final terms of the loan contract.
  • a computing system for executing a loan transaction includes a processor for executing computer-executable instructions; and a computer-readable storage medium containing computer-executable instructions that when executed by the processor control the computing system to deploy into a blockchain computer-executable program contract code of a loan contract specifying an asset to be transferred between a lender and a borrower; deploy into the blockchain a loan request; and deploy into the blockchain a loan agreement specifying the terms of a loan.
  • the asset is digital and the loan transaction is executed under control of the contract code.
  • the asset is tangible and the computer-readable storage medium containing computer-executable instructions that when executed by the processor control the computing system to select a transfer agent; execute the loan agreement; and deploy into the blockchain loan repayment data.
  • the one or more invokable methods further comprise a loan request method, a loan review method, a loan modify method and a loan accept method.
  • a method performed by a computing system for executing a loan transaction includes deploying into a public blockchain computer-executable program contract code of a loan contract specifying an asset to be transferred between a lender and a borrower, wherein said computer-executable program code further comprises one or more invokable methods; under control of the contract code, providing access to an invokable loan request method for requesting a loan to a borrower; under control of the loan request method, deploying into the public blockchain a loan request further comprising at least one term of the loan; under control of the contract code, providing access to an invokable loan review method for accessing the loan request to one or more lenders; and under control of the contract code, providing access to an invokable loan accept method for accepting the loan request to one or more lenders and deploying a loan agreement to the public blockchain.
  • the loan request includes contact information for the borrower and a lender contacts the borrower directly.
  • the asset is digital and the loan transaction is executed under control of the contract code.
  • the asset is tangible and the method includes selecting a transfer agent to execute the loan agreement and deploy into the public blockchain loan repayment data.
  • the loan agreement includes collateral for the loan.
  • the collateral includes a virtual gaming asset.
  • the one or more invokable methods further include a loan modify method and the loan modify method further includes under control of the contract code, deploying into the blockchain a counter offer.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the systems and methods of the blockchain loan system described herein.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the systems and methods of the blockchain loan system described herein.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a computer or system hardware architecture for implementing the system of FIG. 1 .
  • the blockchain transaction systems and methods described herein utilize blockchain technology in combination with smart contracts to allow users to negotiate, document, and execute a variety of different transactions, such as loan transactions.
  • loan transactions include loan transactions that are secured by traditional types of collateral as well as by digital assets.
  • Blockchain technology forms the basis for cryptocurrencies that are rapidly expanding in application and adoption. Such cryptocurrencies augment or replace existing payment methodologies such as cash, but also provide a decentralized system for processing transfers of the cryptocurrency.
  • the basis for the blockchain technology is a linked list of data blocks. Each block contains a link to the prior block in the chain and encrypted data.
  • the encrypted data may include transaction data documenting the exchange of a digital currency, software such as an executable digital contract, and data associated with the use of a digital contract by specific parties, although it may also include other types of data as described in further detail below.
  • the data in each block in the blockchain includes a hash of the previous block in the chain as a means of identifying and preventing attempts to modify prior blocks in the blockchain.
  • the management and extension of the blockchain is decentralized and distributed over computer systems operated by numerous unaffiliated entities who contribute their computing power to the system. These distributed contributors provide the infrastructure of the blockchain system by storing copies of the blockchain, and performing the algorithms necessary to process transactions, deploy them into new blocks on the blockchain, and distribute those blocks to other parts of the system. In some blockchain implementations the contributors are compensated for this service by receiving a fee denominated in a cryptocurrency in return for the processing of a new block in the blockchain.
  • An important aspect of blockchain security is that it is difficult to modify blocks after they have been added to the blockchain and accepted into the main branch, although blockchains do have temporary competing branches.
  • Smart contracts are executable computer programs that are compiled into the data in a block in the blockchain by the developers of the smart contract. Once the smart contract has been deployed into the blockchain other users of the blockchain may execute the smart contract with confidence that it has not been modified by a malicious third party.
  • These executable computer programs are referred to as “smart contracts” because they may be used to represent and implement agreements between various parties regarding the transfer of digital currency and other types of assets, however, they do not have to represent contractual arrangements.
  • a software developer develops the smart contract by writing program code using a scripting language such as JavaScript, Solidity, or other scripting languages, or an object coding language, such as Java, or a machine coding language such as C or C++.
  • a “smart contract” When a “smart contract” is deployed into the blockchain, the program code is processed into a block by one of the contributors to the system just as any other transaction on the blockchain, and typically a fee is paid to the node contributor who compiles the contract/program.
  • the process of deploying the smart contract may include compiling the program code into bytecode, object code, binary code, or some other executable form.
  • the smart contract is successfully deployed into the block chain it is assigned an address just as any other blockchain transaction. This address is used to access the smart contract and execute the functionality provided in it.
  • an Application Binary Interface (ABI) information similar to an application programming interface, is provided to a user of the contract, or the software that interfaces with the contract (such as a wallet application) so that the user can interact with the various functions of the smart contract.
  • the ABI describes the various functions and methods provided as part of the smart contract so that they can be accessed by the user or the user's software.
  • a contract/program that has been deployed into the blockchain may then be used by anyone who has the address of the contract on the blockchain. Executing the contract, or a portion of it, does not necessarily incur fees unless updates to the blockchain are required as part of that step in the contract. If the contract/program is properly implemented many different users may utilize the contract/program simultaneously to govern their own specific agreements or transactions.
  • the smart contract/program may have multiple steps that are executed or completed by different parties to the contract.
  • a contract/program may be invoked by a first party to make an offer to a second party or a group of potential contracting parties by instantiating a copy of a certain contract.
  • the second party (or one of the group) may respond by “signing” that instance of the contract.
  • the process of “signing” the contract may comprise invoking a programmatic method defined as part of the contract.
  • Some contracts may provide for multiple parties, such as buyer, seller, lender, borrower, escrow agent, transfer agent, and others, all of whom may independently interact with a particular instance of a contract to sign it, or to take other actions associated with a specific type of contract.
  • Smart contracts are well suited to contracts that involve digital assets or that may be completely executed via programmatic interactions between the contracting parties, the blockchain, digital assets, and resources on the internet or otherwise connected digitally to the contract.
  • smart contracts may be able to automatically transfer control and ownership of digital assets or transfer money between PayPal or bank accounts via ACH or other electronic payment systems.
  • Application programming interfaces provided by the external systems provide methods for a digital contract to execute actual transfers of assets or funds between parties without non-programmatic processes.
  • Smart contracts are not so readily able to fully implement agreements that involve tangible assets, such as real estate, personal property, and other types of assets that are subject to the control of governmental or private registration systems.
  • These registration systems are often paper-based or, if electronic, are not designed for programmatic interaction by third parties. Examples of such systems include real estate ownership records, personal property records for assets that are titled, Uniform Commercial Code records, patent and trademark registration databases, and others. Many of these systems may be partially digital but are lacking in a programmatic interface for a smart contract to interact with the system in a completely automated manner or are highly proprietary in nature. Other systems may be fractured into many jurisdictions with their own separate filing systems, so that a single smart contract would not be functional across all relevant systems.
  • Uniform Commercial Code filings are typically handled by differing systems across different state jurisdictions, and a smart contract would need to implement varying interfaces to be able to handle transactions outside of a single jurisdiction, and depending on whether such interfaces were available for a given jurisdiction.
  • smart contracts may be able to natively and programmatically execute all such contracts in full. Until then smart contracts cannot be implemented for many important types of transactions without other systems and methods to allow the smart contract to interact with these other types of systems and resources.
  • a transfer agent may be utilized to implement the non-programmatic processes required to complete a specific transaction, such as the transfer of physical property, the filing of necessary ownership transfer or security documents, and other such types of transactions.
  • One type of contract that is not able to be fully executed via the programmatic functions of a smart contract/program is a secured lending transaction. While many parts of such transactions may be completed via interactions between parties and the smart contract, the transfer of title and possession, and the creation of security interests for the benefit of lenders, among other aspects of the transaction, are not readily adapted to completion via the smart contract.
  • a blockchain is created to support one or more types of smart contracts.
  • the blockchain might have a variety of types of smart contracts, such as loan contracts, employment contracts, lease contracts, etc.
  • the programmatic smart contracts are compiled into that blockchain and reside at a certain address within a block in the blockchain. Users may utilize the contract by invoking the address and methods or functions associated with the smart contract.
  • a loan contract may have methods for a loan request, loan approval, collateral assignment, payment authorization, and other similar functions necessary to the formation and execution of a loan, the provision of collateral as security, and repayment of the loan according to its terms.
  • the blockchain used by the system will be referred to as the Contract Blockchain, with the understanding that any blockchain that supports smart contracts could be utilized to support the system and serve the functions of the blockchain.
  • a user when a user utilizes that smart contract and invokes a method or function of that contract, it may submit parameters and other information to the contract that are specified by a particular method or function.
  • the contract will them programmatically execute a selected method or function in accordance with those parameters.
  • the smart contract may take the parameters received from a user who desires to take out a loan, and incorporate that request information into a new block in the blockchain so that potential lenders can view the request.
  • the loan request might not be incorporated into the blockchain, but might be stored in a database that is programmatically available to potential lenders such as via a web service.
  • FIG. 1 One embodiment of a system and method of the present invention is depicted schematically in FIG. 1 .
  • a smart contract for a lending transaction may be deployed into the Contract Blockchain by a developer of the smart contract, and later instantiated by a party, such as a borrower, seeking a loan on specific terms.
  • Other parties such as prospective lenders, may respond to the offer by accepting the terms or countering with other terms completely via an interface with the smart contract. If the borrower desires to accept the counter offer or further negotiate, those steps may be implemented as programmatic methods within the contract.
  • the parties become bound upon digital signing of the instance of the contract on mutually agreeable terms.
  • the terms may include parameters of the transaction such as the amount of money, the duration of the loan, the interest rate, the type of collateral, repayment terms, fees and penalty provisions, and other provisions that the parties may desire to incorporate into the transaction.
  • Additional parties may also become involved in the exemplary loan contract, such as a transfer agent who acts as an intermediary to ensure compliance with non-programmatic elements of the contract.
  • FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of the method of using the blockchain loan transaction invention.
  • the borrower initiates the transaction by requesting a loan.
  • the lender may have various loan offerings that are visible to users, who may apply for them. The process is very similar in that method to that shown in FIG. 1 , with the lender initiating the process instead of the borrower.
  • the Contract Blockchain 100 begins with a starting block A and consists of a linked lists of data blocks to the current termination of the blockchain at Block Z. As additional data is added to the blockchain from transactions submitted by users and processed by nodes on the distributed blockchain system, additional blocks of data are added onto the linked list of blocks that comprise the Contract Blockchain.
  • the developer of the system described herein develops the Loan Contract smart contract as a computer-executable program code, and deploys it into block 102 of the blockchain 100 by submitting it as a transaction to the distributed blockchain system.
  • the Loan Contract may be written in a scripting language that is executed by interpreter software upon execution, or may compiled executable bytecode, object code data, or binary executable data.
  • the Loan Contract smart contract may be provided with one or more methods or functions that may be called by users of the smart contract to invoke certain functionality of the smart contract. Each method may constitute a separate function that may be executed by a user of the smart contract by providing any necessary parameters.
  • the names of the methods provided in the Loan Contract smart contract are exemplary and are not limiting of the types and names of methods that may be provided in a Loan Contract. In the described embodiment of the invention the methods include a Loan Request method, a Loan Review method, a Loan Modify method, a Loan Accept method, among others.
  • the smart contract may be accessed using its address on the Contract Blockchain, which may be published by the developer of the Loan Contract by distributing the address value provided to the developer when the Loan Contract is deployed.
  • a borrower initiates a request 104 for a loan by accessing the Loan Contract at block 102 and invoking the Loan Request method at step 106 .
  • the Loan Request method may include some proposed loan terms, but need not include all potential terms. It may also include contact information for the borrower.
  • the request is initiated by executing a Loan Request method defined as part of a smart Loan Contract on block 102 that exists on the Contract Blockchain.
  • the Loan Request method may accept the proposed loan terms from the borrower and insert them into a later block in the blockchain 100 , such as at block 108 . Including such data into a later block in the Contract Blockchain may require the payment of a transaction or processing fee to the node that processes the data into a new block, the contract developer, or other appropriate third parties.
  • the Contract Blockchain is publicly available, at step 108 potential lenders may retrieve and review the Loan Request data placed on the blockchain 100 by borrowers who submit loan requests at step 110 .
  • some portions of the Loan Request data may be encrypted so that it is not publicly available, such as the identity and contact information of the borrower.
  • the lenders may be able to directly access the Loan Request data stored in block 108 or they may utilize a method provided as part of the Loan Contract 102 to access the data.
  • the Loan Contract may provide methods to deliver block addresses for pending Loan Requests to a lender for direct access to the Loan Request Data, or the methods may accept a Loan Request identifier or blockchain address from the lender and return the Loan Request Data to the lender.
  • the Loan Contract 102 may provide a method 112 for the lender to submit a counteroffer or accept the Loan Request and agree to offer the loan.
  • the counter-offer terms may be sent directly to the borrower or may be incorporated into a later block 114 in the blockchain as part of a Loan Modify method of the Loan Contract.
  • the parties agree on the terms the final terms of the specific loan contract may be incorporated into a later block in the Contract at step 114 .
  • loan agreement Once a loan agreement is finalized between the parties, then the actual loan transaction may be processed either totally or partially via programmatic means.
  • the borrower will want to receive funds from the lender, and the lender will want to receive some kind of security such as collateral from the borrower.
  • the exchange of funds for a security interest in collateral preferably takes place simultaneously, or through the use of a neutral intermediary that is trusted by both borrower and lender.
  • both funds and collateral can be transferred via programmatic means such as an electronic funds transfer of funds from the lender to the borrower, and a digital transfer of a virtual asset such as an on-line account or a virtual gaming asset from the borrower to the lender, then no neutral intermediary is needed and the smart contract can fully execute the closing of the Loan Contract, execute repayment, and release collateral upon full repayment.
  • a neutral intermediary will be needed to facilitate the closing of the loan transaction and the release of collateral at the end of the loan repayment period, because the funds or the types of assets involved are not susceptible to completely programmatic transfer.
  • the neutral intermediary will serve as a Transfer Agent to confirm that the parties transfer funds and assets as required by the loan agreement.
  • the borrower and the lender may select a Transfer Agent during the loan negotiation process, or may select one after the loan agreement has been digitally executed by both parties.
  • the Transfer Agent receives a fee for services, which may be paid by one of the parties, or split between them in an agreed upon manner.
  • the Transfer Agent utilizes the Loan Contract smart contract to review the information regarding a specific loan agreement for which the Transfer Agent will serve as the neutral intermediary.
  • the Transfer Agent may then interact directly with the Borrower or the Lender or both to facilitate the closing of the loan transaction.
  • the Transfer Agent receives signed documents from the Borrower granting a security interest in collateral to the Lender, or transferring title to an asset to a Lender.
  • the Transfer Agent may be required to review the documents for correctness and completeness, and hold them until funds are received from the Lender.
  • the Transfer Agent may receive funds from the Lender and hold them until collateral is received from the Borrower, before disbursing the funds to the Borrower. Upon repayment of the loan, the Transfer Agent may also coordinate the return of collateral or the release of the security interest granted to the Lender.
  • Transfer Agent may query the Loan Agreement 114 using methods provided in the Loan Contract 102 .
  • Transfer Agent may submit data 204 to the blockchain documenting when each party complies with its obligations under the Loan Contract, and documenting the actual closing of the Loan using additional methods 202 provided by Loan Contract 102 .
  • Transfer Agent may update data 206 into the Contract Blockchain to indicate various repayment events, including partial or total loan payments, and the completion of the release or return of collateral.
  • the Transfer Agent may be required to file documentation as required to perfect security interests in the collateral, such as UCC financing statements, deeds of trust, lien notices, or other similar filings, and also to release such security interests as required by the loan agreement 114 .
  • FIG. 3 An exemplary computer or system hardware architecture in accordance with the embodiments of the WAX platform is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • a variety of devices operate in a networked environment indicated generally by network 300 which may use any of a variety of communication protocols as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • Devices connected to network 300 may include, for example, computing system 302 which incorporates one or more processors 304 , which may general purpose or special purpose processors.
  • Computing system may also include one or more memory/storage devices 306 , one or more input/output (I/O) devices 308 and one or more communications devices 310 . Additional components may be included to provide the required embodiments of a computer system which can execute software and other computer-executable program code.
  • Any of memory devices 306 may be a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
  • network 300 Other devices may be connected to network 300 , including user device 312 , which may be a customer device such as a mobile phone, and user device 314 which may be a laptop, desktop computer or a handheld tablet, for example.
  • user device 312 which may be a customer device such as a mobile phone
  • user device 314 which may be a laptop, desktop computer or a handheld tablet, for example.
  • Another component coupled to network 300 includes servers 316 and 318 , which represent, for example, a data server, web server or a cloud computing device.
  • Databases 320 and 322 may be coupled directly to network 300 as in the case of database 320 , or coupled to a server as shown in the case of database 322 .
  • nodes 324 , 326 are connected to each other and to data storage 328 by network 330 . Although two nodes are shown, any number of nodes may be included.
  • Components 324 , 326 , 328 and 300 may, for example, operate as a peer-to-peer network for implementing a blockchain by confirming transactions.

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